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Roy CL, Chen D. High population prevalence of neonicotinoids in sharp-tailed grouse and greater prairie-chickens across an agricultural gradient during spring and fall. Sci Total Environ 2023; 856:159120. [PMID: 36183773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids have been detected in many species of wild birds; however, few studies have quantified population-level exposure. We examined population-level exposure to 7 neonicotinoids in 2 species that use agricultural areas, sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) and greater prairie-chickens (T. cupido). We sampled fecal pellets at leks in spring and collected livers from hunter-harvested birds in fall along an agricultural gradient throughout their respective ranges in Minnesota, USA. Most sharp-tailed grouse (93 %) and prairie-chicken (80 %) fecal pellets and livers (90 % and 76 %, respectively) had detectable concentrations of ≥1 neonicotinoid, with imidacloprid (IMI) and clothianidin (CLO) most commonly detected. Spring detections of IMI in both species increased with the proportion of a 2-km buffer in cultivation surrounding sampling locations and varied by year. A similar relationship with cultivation was not supported for CLO, which may reflect differences in the availability of seed types treated with IMI and CLO on the soil surface after planting. However, we also detected IMI and CLO from birds sampled in areas of low cultivation. Sharp-tailed grouse and prairie-chickens may select crop fields preferentially to forage, and thus have a higher risk of exposure than would be expected based only on the amount of cultivation. Year was important in models of IMI and CLO in both species and seasons, which likely reflects differences in planting and in the availability of natural foods among years. In contrast, the proportion of surrounding area in cultivation was not supported in models of fall neonicotinoid detections. Fewer crops are planted in the fall in Minnesota and grouse may be exposed through routes other than treated seeds. High detections, even in areas with little cultivation and during seasons with little planting, likely reflect prairie grouse selection of cultivated fields for food, but may also indicate that exposure risk extends beyond sites of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Roy
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 1201 East Highway 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA.
| | - Da Chen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, 251 Life Science II, Mail Code 6504, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Adkins K, Roy CL, Wright RG, Andersen DE. Simulating Strategic Implementation of the CRP to Increase Greater Prairie‐Chicken Abundance. J Wildl Manage 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalysta Adkins
- Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit University of Minnesota 1980 Folwell Avenue, 200 Hodson Hall St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Charlotte L. Roy
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources 1201 E Highway 2 Grand Rapids MN 55744 USA
| | - Robert G. Wright
- Minnesota Information Technology Services at Department of Natural Resources 5463‐C W Broadway Forest Lake MN 55025 USA
| | - David E. Andersen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit 1980 Folwell Avenue, 200 Hodson Hall St. Paul MN 55108 USA
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Roy CL, Coy PL. Wildlife consumption of neonicotinoid-treated seeds at simulated seed spills. Environ Res 2020; 190:109830. [PMID: 32862016 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The most likely route of exposure to high concentrations of neonicotinoids capable of producing lethal or sublethal effects in birds and mammals is consumption of treated seeds. We placed trail cameras at simulated seed spills to document wildlife consuming treated seeds during the spring planting season. We simulated 4 types of spills, corn treated with 2 concentrations of clothiandin (0.50 or 0.25 mg/seed), corn treated with thiamethoxam (0.25 mg/seed), and soybean treated with imidacloprid (0.15 mg/seed). We documented 16 species of birds and 14 species of mammals eating neonicotinoid-treated seeds at spills. Of these, we quantified consumption of treated seeds by 12 species of birds and 13 species of mammals. Birds and mammals did not consume enough seeds to exceed published LD50s in related taxa, but most species did consume enough seeds to reach or exceed thresholds for sublethal effects based on currently available studies. Birds and mammals did not increase the amount of seeds consumed over time, as would be expected if responsive to the concentration of neonicotinoids on seeds, but more birds and mammals consumed seeds over time, as a proportion of the number at spills each day. More birds also consumed seeds after a soaking rain event, which likely reduced the amount of treatment on the seeds. Importantly, wildlife are consuming seeds while neonicotinoids are still concentrated on seeds. Our findings indicate that previously held assumptions about the safety of neonicotinoid seed treatments for vertebrate wildlife need to be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Roy
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, MN, 55744, USA.
| | - Pamela L Coy
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, MN, 55744, USA.
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Roy CL, Jankowski M, Ponder J, Chen D. Sublethal and Lethal Methods to Detect Recent Imidacloprid Exposure in Birds with Application to Field Studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:1355-1366. [PMID: 32274821 PMCID: PMC8164728 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We used domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) as a model for granivorous birds to identify methods to detect recent imidacloprid exposure in wild birds. We conducted dosing experiments of 1, 5, 10, and 20% of a reported median lethal dose for domestic chickens using repeated daily exposures over 7 d, at dosages equating to 1.04, 5.2, 10.4, and 20.8 mg/kg/d. We examined the parent compound and metabolites in serial collections of feces and blood during exposures and for 15 d after exposures. We also collected liver, kidney, brain, muscle, and spleen at the experiment end. Mean concentrations of parent compound at 15 d postexposure were highest in the feces and brain, followed by the liver, muscle, spleen, and kidney; but mean concentrations of metabolites 5-OH-imidacloprid and imidacloprid-olefin were highest in feces; then liver, spleen, muscle, and kidney; and then brain. Imidacloprid was rapidly cleared from blood, with only one individual in any dose group having detectable concentrations after 48 h. In contrast, fecal pellets had the highest frequency of imidacloprid detection after 15 d. Concentrations of metabolites were higher than those of the parent compound at all sampling times examined but provided no information about time since exposure. Feces may provide a reliable nonlethal method for detection of recent imidacloprid exposure in wild birds. Additional work is needed to disentangle exposure dose concentration and time since exposure in field-collected samples. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1355-1366. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L. Roy
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark Jankowski
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Julia Ponder
- The Raptor Center, The University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Da Chen
- Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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Franzen-Klein D, Jankowski M, Roy CL, Nguyen-Phuc H, Chen D, Neuman-Lee L, Redig P, Ponder J. Evaluation of neurobehavioral abnormalities and immunotoxicity in response to oral imidacloprid exposure in domestic chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2020; 83:45-65. [PMID: 32024444 PMCID: PMC8087242 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1723154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were exposed to imidacloprid by gavage once daily for 7 consecutive days at 0, 0.03, 0.34, 3.42, 10.25, and 15.5 mg/kg/day (n = 20 per group; 5 6-week-old males, 5 6-week-old females, 5 9-week-old males, and 5 9-week-old females). The severity and duration of neurobehavioral abnormalities were recorded. Components of the innate and adaptive immune system were assessed with 7 standard functional assays. Temporary neurobehavioral abnormalities were observed in a dose-dependent manner, including muscle tremors, ataxia, and depressed mentation. Based upon mean clinical severity scores, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 3.42 mg/kg/day, and the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) was 10.25 mg/kg/day. The effective dose value for the presence of any neurobehavioral abnormalities in 50% of the test group (ED50) was 4.62 ± 0.98 mg/kg/day. The ED50 for an adjusted score that included both severity and duration of neurobehavioral abnormalities was 11.24 ± 9.33 mg/kg/day. These ED50 values are equivalent to a 1 kg bird ingesting 29 or 70 imidacloprid treated soybean seeds respectively. Immunotoxicity was not documented, possible causes include the assays were insensitive, relevant immune functions were not examined, or imidacloprid is not immunotoxic at this dosing schedule in this species. Neurobehavioral abnormalities were a more sensitive indicator of the sublethal effects of imidacloprid than immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Franzen-Klein
- The Raptor Center, The University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark Jankowski
- The Raptor Center, The University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Charlotte L Roy
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hoa Nguyen-Phuc
- The Raptor Center, The University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Da Chen
- Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Lorin Neuman-Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
| | - Patrick Redig
- The Raptor Center, The University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julia Ponder
- The Raptor Center, The University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L. Roy
- Wetland Wildlife Populations and Research Group, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 102 23rd Street NE Bemidji MN 56601 USA
| | - James B. Berdeen
- Wetland Wildlife Populations and Research Group, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 102 23rd Street NE Bemidji MN 56601 USA
| | - Mark Clark
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Minnesota Duluth Duluth MN 55812 USA
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Roy CL, Coy PL, Chen D, Ponder J, Jankowski M. Multi-scale availability of neonicotinoid-treated seed for wildlife in an agricultural landscape during spring planting. Sci Total Environ 2019; 682:271-281. [PMID: 31121352 PMCID: PMC6793935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid pesticides are applied to seeds and are known to cause lethal and sub-lethal effects in birds and mammals. Neonicotinoid-treated seeds could be available to wildlife through spillage or exposed seeds near or at the soil surface due to incomplete or shallow drilling. We quantified seed spills that may occur during loading or refilling the hopper at a landscape-scale using road-based surveys. We also quantified undrilled seeds in 1-m2 frames on the soil in the center and corner of fields to obtain estimates at the field scale. We broadcast seeds on the soil surface of a tilled field and left them for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 30 days to quantify the decrease of neonicotinoids under field conditions. Lastly, we documented wildlife at neonicotinoid-treated seed spills with trail cameras. We estimated the number of spills during planting to be 3496 (95% CI: 1855-5138) and 2609 (95% CI: 862-4357) for corn, 11,009 (95% CI: 6950-15,067) and 21,105 (95% CI: 6162-36,048) for soybean, and 830 (95% CI: 160-1500) and 791 (95% CI: 0-1781) for wheat in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Exposed seeds were present at the soil surface in 35% of 71 fields. The probability that seeds were present on the soil surface was higher for soybeans (18.8 and 49.4% in the center and corners, respectively) than for corn (1.6 and 2.7%, respectively), and seed densities were also higher (1.04 vs 0.07 seeds/m2, respectively). Neonicotinoids decreased rapidly on seeds on the soil surface but persisted as long as 30 days. Over a dozen species of birds and mammals consumed seeds at simulated spills, with an average time for birds to find spills of 1.3 ± 1.5 days and an average time to consumption of 4.1 ± 3.4 days. Seeds are abundant on the soil surface for wildlife to consume during the spring planting season and should be considered in pesticide risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Roy
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, United States of America.
| | - Pamela L Coy
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, United States of America
| | - Da Chen
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States of America
| | - Julia Ponder
- University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States of America
| | - Mark Jankowski
- University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States of America; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America
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Adkins K, Roy CL, Andersen DE, Wright RG. Landscape‐scale greater prairie‐chicken–habitat relations and the Conservation Reserve Program. J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalysta Adkins
- Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of Minnesota 1980 Folwell Avenue, 200 Hodson Hall St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Charlotte L. Roy
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources 1201 E Highway 2 Grand Rapids MN 55744 USA
| | - David E. Andersen
- U.S. Geological SurveyMinnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit 1980 Folwell Avenue, 200 Hodson Hall St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Robert G. Wright
- Minnesota Information Technology Services at Department of Natural Resources 5463‐C W Broadway Forest Lake MN 55025 USA
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Berkman LK, Nielsen CK, Roy CL, Heist EJ. A landscape genetic analysis of swamp rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus) suggests forest canopy cover enhances gene flow in an agricultural matrix. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation pose a continued and immediate threat to wildlife and create a persistent need for ecological information at the landscape scale to guide conservation efforts. Landscape features influence population connectivity for many species and genetic analyses can be employed to determine which of these features are most important. Because population connectivity through dispersal is important to the persistence of swamp rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus (Bachman, 1837)) at the northern edge of their range, we used a landscape genetic approach to relate gene flow to landscape features that may impact dispersal success. We tested resistance values for attributes of land cover, watercourse corridors, canopy cover, and roads and used causal modeling and redundancy analysis to relate these representations of landscapes to genetic distance for swamp rabbits in southern Illinois, USA. Models that included canopy cover had the strongest correlations with genetic distance and were supported by our methods whereas other models were not. We concluded that high tree canopy cover enhances gene flow and landscape connectivity for swamp rabbits in southern Illinois. Our study provides important empirical evidence that landscape variables may impact the habitat connectivity of swamp rabbits. Preserving dispersal routes for swamp rabbits should focus on improving canopy cover, in both bottomland and upland, to connect suitable habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah K. Berkman
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6504, USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6504, USA
| | - Charlotte L. Roy
- Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA
| | - Edward J. Heist
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6501, USA
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Roy CL, St-Louis V. Spatio-temporal variation in prevalence and intensity of trematodes responsible for waterfowl die-offs in faucet snail-infested waterbodies of Minnesota, USA. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2017; 6:162-176. [PMID: 28761812 PMCID: PMC5524316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several non-native trematodes hosted by the invasive Eurasian faucet snail, Bithynia tentaculata, have been causing die-offs of waterfowl in the Midwestern United States and Canada for several decades. Because of the potential implications of these die-offs on waterfowl in non-native settings, it is necessary to better understand the trematodes that cause the die-offs. Here, we studied the spatio-temporal dynamics of two trematodes, Cyathocotyle bushiensis and Sphaeridiotrema spp., known to infect waterfowl in northern Minnesota, USA, via their intermediate host, the faucet snail (Bithynia tentaculata). We studied prevalence (% of snails infected within a sample) and intensity (mean number of parasites per infected snail within a sample) of faucet snail infection with these two trematodes in small lakes, large lakes, ponds, and rivers in northern Minnesota in the spring, summer, and fall of 2011-2013. We tested whether parasite prevalence and infection intensity could be explained spatially (as a function of the abundance of faucet snails, average snail size, water depth, and proximity to known waterfowl groups) and temporally (across years and seasons) using generalized estimating equation models. The spatial and temporal patterns we observed varied within and among waterbodies. For both parasite species, parasite prevalence and intensity of infection were consistently higher in samples with larger snails and in deeper portions of the waterbodies. In Lake Winnibigoshish, prevalence was lower farther from the large waterfowl groups we observed, but the abundance of snails in a sample had no effect on prevalence or intensity of infection. Our findings help improve understanding of this multi-species system, but also illustrate the complexity of modeling the spatial and temporal dynamics of infections in waterbodies that are so variable in size, shape, waterfowl use, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Roy
- Wetland Wildlife Populations and Research Group, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 102 23rd St NE, Bemidji, MN 56601, USA
| | - Véronique St-Louis
- Wildlife Biometrics Unit, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 5463-C West Broadway Avenue, Forest Lake, MN 55025, USA
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Roy CL, Herwig CM, Zicus MC, Rave DP, Brininger WL, McDowell MKD. Refuge use by hatching-year ring-necked ducks: An individual-based telemetry approach. J Wildl Manage 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L. Roy
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group; 1201 E Hwy 2 Grand Rapids MN 55744 USA
| | - Christine M. Herwig
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group; 1201 E Hwy 2 Grand Rapids MN 55744 USA
| | - Michael C. Zicus
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group; 1201 E Hwy 2 Grand Rapids MN 55744 USA
| | - David P. Rave
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group; 1201 E Hwy 2 Grand Rapids MN 55744 USA
| | - Wayne L. Brininger
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge; 35704 County Highway 6 Rochert MN 56578 USA
| | - Michelle K. D. McDowell
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge; 36289 State Highway 65 McGregor MN 55760 USA
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Roy CL, Fieberg J, Scharenbroich C, Herwig CM. Thinking like a duck: fall lake use and movement patterns of juvenile ring-necked ducks before migration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88597. [PMID: 24551123 PMCID: PMC3925105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-fledging period is one of the least studied portions of the annual cycle in waterfowl. Yet, recruitment into the breeding population requires that young birds have sufficient resources to survive this period. We used radio-telemetry and generalized estimating equations to examine support for four hypotheses regarding the drivers of landscape scale habitat use and movements made by juvenile ring-necked ducks between the pre-fledging period and departure for migration. Our response variables included the probability of movement, distances moved, and use of different lake types: brood-rearing lakes, staging lakes, and lakes with low potential for disturbance. Birds increased their use of staging areas and lakes with low potential for disturbance (i.e., without houses or boat accesses, >100 m from roads, or big lakes with areas where birds could sit undisturbed) throughout the fall, but these changes began before the start of the hunting season and their trajectory was not changed by the onset of hunting. Males and females moved similar distances and had similar probabilities of movements each week. However, females were more likely than males to use brood-rearing lakes later in the fall. Our findings suggest juvenile ring-necked ducks require different lake types throughout the fall, and managing solely for breeding habitat will be insufficient for meeting needs during the post-fledging period. Maintaining areas with low potential for disturbance and areas suitable for staging will ensure that ring-necked ducks have access to habitat throughout the fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L. Roy
- Wetland Wildlife Populations and Research Group, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Bemidji, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - John Fieberg
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | - Christine M. Herwig
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Bemidji, Minnesota, United States of America
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Dunham AE, Maitner BS, Razafindratsima OH, Simmons MC, Roy CL. Body size and sexual size dimorphism in primates: influence of climate and net primary productivity. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:2312-20. [PMID: 24016213 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of body size and sexual size dimorphism has been a longstanding goal in evolutionary biology. Previous work has shown that environmental stress can constrain male-biased sexual size dimorphism at the population level, but we know little about how this might translate to geographical patterns of body size and sexual size dimorphism at the species level. Environmental constraints due to a highly seasonal, resource-poor and/or variable environment have often been cited to explain the unusual lack of sexual size dimorphism among Madagascar's diverse and numerous primate taxa; however, empirical tests of this hypothesis are lacking. Using a phylogenetic approach and a geographical information system platform, we explored the role of seasonality, interannual variability and annual measures of temperature and rainfall, and net primary productivity on patterns of body size and sexual size dimorphism across 130 species of primates. Phylogenetically controlled comparisons showed no support for a role of environmental constraints in moderating sexual size dimorphism at the interspecific level, despite significant associations of environmental variables with body mass. Results suggest that the focus of discussions that have dominated in the last two decades regarding the role of environmental constraints in driving patterns of monomorphism of Madagascar's lemurs should be reconsidered; however, the conundrum remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Dunham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah K. Berkman
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory; Department of Zoology; Southern Illinois University Carbondale; Carbondale IL 62901-6504 USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory; Department of Forestry; Southern Illinois University Carbondale; Carbondale IL 62901-6504 USA
| | - Charlotte L. Roy
- Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Grand Rapids MN 55744 USA
| | - Edward J. Heist
- Department of Zoology; Southern Illinois University Carbondale; Carbondale IL 62901-6501 USA
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Roy CL, Herwig CM, Doherty PF. Mortality and refuge use by young ring-necked ducks before and during hunting season in north-central Minnesota. J Wildl Manage 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L. Roy
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Wetland and Wildlife Populations and Research Group; Bemidji MN 56601 USA
| | - Christine M. Herwig
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Wetland and Wildlife Populations and Research Group; Bemidji MN 56601 USA
| | - Paul F. Doherty
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
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Berkman LK, Nielsen CK, Roy CL, Heist EJ. Resistance is futile: effects of landscape features on gene flow of the northern bobwhite. CONSERV GENET 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Denton JC, Roy CL, Soulliere GJ, Potter BA. Current and projected abundance of potential nest sites for cavity-nesting ducks in hardwoods of the north central United States. J Wildl Manage 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Berkman LK, Saltzgiver MJ, Heist EJ, Nielsen CK, Roy CL, Scharine PD. Hybridization and polymorphic microsatellite markers for two lagomorph species (Genus Sylvilagus): implications for conservation. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-009-9097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Analysis and comparison of emerging perspectives in nursing on some of the key issues of practice theory can create an enhanced vision of the discipline. Four philosophy-of-science perspectives--realism, relativism, interpretivism, and humanism--are catalysts for fruitful insights about practice. However, together they generate more questions than they answer, both from each perspective and from the intersection of the assumptions of the four philosophies about the nature of knowledge. The nature of knowledge for practice emerges from examining how the philosophical basis and the derived practice theories address such issues as the phenomena of the discipline, environment, teleology, and nursing theoretical frameworks. This is the time for good debate and collaborative knowledge-building among scholars of various persuasions within a milieu of ethos, pathos, and logic.
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Roy CL, Khan A. Landauer resistance of Thue-Morse and Fibonacci lattices and some related issues. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:14979-14983. [PMID: 10010600 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.14979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Roy CL. Boundary conditions across a delta -function potential in the one-dimensional Dirac equation. Phys Rev A 1993; 47:3417-3419. [PMID: 9909323 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.47.3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Dutta SN, Roy CL, Sen P, Dhanda PC. Adverse reactions after prolonged use of chlorpromazine. J Indian Med Assoc 1967; 49:542-3. [PMID: 5586630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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