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Xu JW, Zheng Z, Ji JH, Mao R. Non-additive effects on biodegradation of moso bamboo litter- and broadleaf tree litter-leached dissolved organic matter mixtures in a subtropical forest of southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170104. [PMID: 38232826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Phyllostachys pubescens (moso bamboo) has extensively expanded to subtropical broadleaf forests. However, how moso bamboo expansion influences litter-leached dissolved organic matter (DOM) biodegradation is unclear. In this study, we collected fresh leaf litter of moso bamboo and 10 broadleaf tree species from a subtropical forest in southern China and extracted litter-leached dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP). Then, using a 42-day incubation experiment, we measured litter-leached DOM biodegradation of the selected 11 species and assessed the relative mixing effects on biodegradation of bamboo litter- and broadleaf tree litter-leached DOM mixtures with volume mixing ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1. In the litter leachates, bamboo had lower DOC:DTN ratio, DOC:DTP ratio, and DOM aromaticity (i.e., lower SUVA254 and SUVA350 values) than most broadleaf tree species. Litter-leached DOM biodegradation did not differ among bamboo, Liquidambar formosana, Vernicia fordii, and Cyclobalanopsis glauca, but was greater for bamboo than for the other seven broadleaf tree species. Leaf litter-leached DOM biodegradation correlated negatively with DOC:DTN and DOC:DTP ratios, but exhibited no significant relationship with DOM aromaticity. Regardless of volume mixing ratios, antagonistic effects were observed when bamboo litter-leached DOM was mixed with broadleaf tree litter-leached DOM with comparable biodegradation, whereas synergistic effects occurred when bamboo litter-leached DOM was mixed with broadleaf tree litter-leached DOM with lower biodegradation. The relative mixing effects on DOM biodegradation increased linearly with elevated interspecific difference in litter-leached DOM biodegradation between bamboo and broadleaf tree species across the incubation periods. These findings indicate that moso bamboo expansion will substantially alter litter-leached DOM biodegradation by improving substrate quality and changing species interactions, and the magnitudes of such changing trends are dependent on the native tree litter-leached DOM biodegradation in subtropical broadleaf forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jing-Hao Ji
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Rong Mao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Matoushan Observation and Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Zixi 335300, China.
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2
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Hobbie SE, King RA, Belo T, Kalinosky P, Baker LA, Finlay JC, Buyarski CA, Bintner R. Sources of variation in nutrient loads collected through street sweeping in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166934. [PMID: 37709085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Excess non-point nutrient loading continues to impair urban surface waters. Because of the potential contribution of tree litterfall to nutrient pollution in stormwater, street sweeping is a promising management tool for reducing eutrophication in urban and suburban regions. However, nutrient concentrations and loads of material removed through street sweeping have not been well characterized, impeding the development of pollution reduction credits and improvement of models for stormwater management. We evaluated the role of canopy cover over streets, street sweeper type, season, and sweeping frequency in contributing to variation in concentrations and loads of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and solids recovered in street sweepings, using analyses of samples collected during regular street sweeping operations in five cities in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, USA. We expected that nutrient concentrations and loads would be highest in seasons and places of higher tree litterfall. We also expected that regenerative-air sweepers would recover higher loads compared to mechanical broom sweepers. Total N and P concentrations in sweepings increased most strongly with canopy cover in June, October, and November. Total N and P recovered in street sweepings similarly increased with canopy cover in June, October, and November, and peaked in early summer and autumn, times of high litterfall. In contrast, total dry mass in sweepings was greatest in early spring, following winter snowmelt. However, nutrient loads and concentrations did not differ between sweeper types. Our results add to growing evidence of the importance of street trees in contributing nutrient pollution to urban surface waters. Street sweeping focused on high-canopy streets during early summer and autumn is likely an effective management tool for stormwater nutrient pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Rachel A King
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Tessa Belo
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Paula Kalinosky
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Lawrence A Baker
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jacques C Finlay
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Christopher A Buyarski
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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3
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Sena O, Carneiro LS, de Alencar MIG, Cavalcanti G, Bezerra PVV, Caliman A. Contrasting Effects of Leaf Litter Quality and Diversity on Oviposition of Mosquitoes. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:1018-1026. [PMID: 37782401 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The quality and diversity of leaf litter are important variables in determining the availability of energy in detritus-based food webs. These factors can be represented by the stoichiometric proportion between carbon and multiple nutrients, and the mixture of litter from different taxonomic and/or functional origins. In aquatic ecosystems, factors that accelerate litter decomposition can influence the secondary productivity of planktonic microbiota, which act as a link between litter and higher trophic levels. This study aimed to analyze the influence of litter quality and diversity on the oviposition behavior of medically important mosquitoes. We hypothesized that both factors would have a positive effect on the attraction of female mosquitoes and would stimulate a greater amount of oviposition. To test this hypothesis, microcosms containing isolated leaf litter leachates from four plant species were used to manipulate gradients of litter quality, and microcosms with all leachates combined were used to test the effects of litter diversity. The results showed a positive effect of litter quality (p < 0.05) on mosquito oviposition rate, with lower C:P ratio litter species (high-quality litter) presenting higher oviposition rates than litter species with high C:P ratios (low-quality litter). However, contrary to our expectations, litter diversity had a negative effect (p = 0.002) on the magnitude of egg-laying by mosquitoes. Our results highlight the importance of litter quality and diversity for insect reproductive behavior. Our data shows that litter quality can serve as a crucial indicator of a suitable environment utilized by female mosquitoes for oviposition. This finding can enhance our ability to understand and develop effective methods for mitigating the reproduction of medically significant mosquitoes, whether by allowing us to predict, based on the composition of vegetation species, areas more prone to mosquito infestation, or by using high-quality litter in oviposition traps. Furthermore, maintaining vegetation diversity can help control mosquito reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otávio Sena
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Mery Ingrid Guimarães de Alencar
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Biologia Celular E Genética, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vitor Vale Bezerra
- Departamento de Biologia Celular E Genética, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Adriano Caliman
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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Ho P, Nakajima S, Urabe J. Stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus released from the leaf litter of various temperate tree species. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10372. [PMID: 37502305 PMCID: PMC10368945 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter and inorganic nutrients released from forest leaf litter through leaching are the important energy and nutrient sources that support the production of aquatic food webs. Leaf litter-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a critical energy source for aquatic heterotrophic microbes, and inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus can enhance primary production. In this study, we experimentally measured the release efficiencies and amounts of DOC, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) of the leaf litter from 11 temperate tree species by soaking the leaf litter in water for 28 days. We found that the maximal release efficiency (% of element released per estimated mass of the element) was the highest for P and lowest for N. These efficiencies were species-specific. Additionally, the DOC:TDP, DOC:TDN, and TDN:TDP ratios varied among the leachate of different leaf litter species. DOC:TDP increased with the C:P ratio in leaf litter biomass but is considerably lower; TDN:TDP was lower than the N:P ratio in leaf litter biomass as well; DOC:TDN ratio was higher than the C:N ratio in leaf litter biomass. These results suggest that the ratios of DOC to dissolved N and P nutrients released into water are related to, but not the same as, the stoichiometry of leaf litter biomass. Based on these findings, we concluded that changes in the vegetations with different leaf litter stoichiometry can alter the relative importance of detrital and grazing food chains in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Chi Ho
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Suzuna Nakajima
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Jotaro Urabe
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
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5
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Liu J, You C, Xu Z, Liu Y, Zhang L, Li H, Wang L, Liu S, He S, Luo Z, Tan B. Soil arthropods promote litter enzyme activity by regulating microbial carbon limitation and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry in a subalpine forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162789. [PMID: 36914138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil arthropods are crucial decomposers of litter at both global and local scales, yet their functional roles in mediating microbial activity during litter decomposition remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a two-year field experiment using litterbags to assess the effects of soil arthropods on the extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) in two litter substrates (Abies faxoniana and Betula albosinensis) in a subalpine forest. A biocide (naphthalene) was used to permit (nonnaphthalene) or exclude (naphthalene application) the presence of soil arthropods in litterbags during decomposition. Our results showed that biocide application was effective in reducing the abundance of soil arthropods in litterbags, with the density and species richness of soil arthropods decreasing by 64.18-75.45 % and 39.19-63.30 %, respectively. Litter with soil arthropods had a greater activity of C-degrading (β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase), N-degrading (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, leucine arylamidase) and P-degrading (phosphatase) enzymes than litter from which soil arthropods were excluded. The contributions of soil arthropods to C-, N- and P-degrading EEAs in the fir litter were 38.09 %, 15.62 % and 61.69 %, and those for the birch litter were 27.97 %, 29.18 % and 30.40 %, respectively. Furthermore, the stoichiometric analyses of enzyme activity indicated that there was potential C and P colimitation in both the soil arthropod inclusion and exclusion litterbags, and the presence of soil arthropods decreased C limitation in the two litter species. Our structural equation models suggested that soil arthropods indirectly promoted C-, N- and P-degrading EEAs by regulating the litter C content and litter stoichiometry (e.g., N/P, LN/N and C/P) during litter decomposition. These results demonstrate that soil arthropods play an important functional role in modulating EEAs during litter decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Liu
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengming You
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xu
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sining Liu
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuqin He
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ziteng Luo
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China.
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6
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Shen X, Ma J, Li Y, Li Y, Xia X. The Effects of Multiple Global Change Factors on Soil Nutrients across China: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15230. [PMID: 36429948 PMCID: PMC9691138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of the effects of global changes on soil nutrients is crucial for the prediction of future terrestrial ecosystem changes. Combined with 100 articles and 1129 observations from all over China, the meta-analysis method was applied to explore the effects of various global change factors on soil nutrients, including precipitation change, nitrogen addition, warming, and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration rise. Results indicated that among all the individual drivers, soil nutrients are most sensitive to N addition. Significant positive effects of N addition on carbon concentration (+4.6%), nitrogen concentration (+6.1%), organic carbon (+5.0%), and available nitrogen (+74.6%) were observed considering all the land-use types. The results highlighted that the combined and interactive effects of multiple global change factors on soil nutrients were of great significance. The interaction of the two drivers is usually additive, followed by antagonism and synergy. Our findings contribute to better understanding of how soil nutrients will change under future global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yijia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
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7
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Wu S, Wang R, Zhu H, Wang Y, Du Y, Zhu S, Zhao N. Changes in root chemical diversity along an elevation gradient of Changbai Mountain, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897838. [PMID: 36420024 PMCID: PMC9676470 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Root chemical traits play a critical role in plant resource use strategies and ecosystem nutrient cycling; however, the chemical diversity of multiple elements of fine root and community chemical assembly belowground are poorly understood. Here, we measured 13 elements (C, N, K, Ca, Mg, S, P, Al, Fe, Na, Mn, Zn, and Cu) in the fine roots of 204 plant species along elevational transect from 540 to 2357 m of Changbai Mountain, China to explore the variation, diversity, and community assembly of root chemical traits. At the species level, the concentrations of macronutrients (N, K, Ca, Mg, S, and P) decreased, whereas the trace metals (Fe, Mn, and Zn) increased with elevation. Root chemical traits at the community level systematically shifted along elevational gradients showing a pattern similar to that at the species level, which were mainly influenced by climate and soil rather than species diversity. In general, the interactions of climate and soil were the main drivers of root chemical assembly for woody layers, whereas soil factors played significant role for root chemical assembly for herb layer. The chemical assembly of rock-derived element P was mainly driven by soil factors. Meanwhile, root chemical diversities were mainly regulated by species diversity, the interactions of climate and soil, and soil factors in the tree, shrub, and herb layers, respectively. A better understanding of plant root chemical diversity and community chemical assembly will help to reveal the role of chemical traits in ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haihua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sihao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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8
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Hirama F, Urabe J, Doi H, Kazama T, Noguchi T, Tappenbeck TH, Katano I, Yamamichi M, Yoshida T, Elser JJ. Terrigenous subsidies in lakes support zooplankton production mainly via a green food chain and not the brown food chain. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.956819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial organic matter (t-OM) has been recognized as an important cross-boundary subsidy to aquatic ecosystems. However, recent evidence has shown that t-OM contributes little to promote secondary production in lakes because it is a low-quality food for aquatic consumers. To resolve this conflict, we performed a field experiment using leaf litter as t-OM. In the experiment, we monitored zooplankton biomass in enclosures with and without addition of leaf litter under shaded and unshaded conditions and assessed food web changes with stable isotope analyses. We then examined whether or not leaf litter indeed stimulates lake secondary production and, if it does, which food chain, the detritus-originated food chain (“brown” food chain) or the algae-originated food chain (“green” food chain), contributes more to this increase. Analyses with stable isotopes showed the importance of t-OM in supporting secondary production under ambient lake conditions. However, the addition of the leaf litter increased the zooplankton biomass under unshaded conditions but not under shaded conditions. We found that phosphorus was leached from leaf litter at much faster rate than organic carbon and nitrogen despite its low content in the leaf litter. These results showed that leaf litter stimulated the increase in zooplankton biomass mainly through the green food chain rather than the brown food chain because the leaf litter supplied limiting nutrients (i.e., phosphorus) for primary producers.Our results indicate that the functional stoichiometry of the subsidized organic matter plays a crucial role in determining the relative importance of brown and green food chains in promoting production at higher trophic levels in recipient ecosystems.
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9
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Wang Y, Thompson AM, Selbig WR. Predictive models of phosphorus concentration and load in stormwater runoff from small urban residential watersheds in fall season. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 315:115171. [PMID: 35504186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urban street trees are a key part of public green infrastructure in many cities, however, leaf litter on streets is a critical biogenic source of phosphorus (P) in urban stormwater runoff during Fall. This study identified mass of street leaf litter (Mleaf) and antecedent dry days (ADD) as the top two explanatory parameters that have significant predictive power of event end-of-pipe P concentrations through multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. Mleaf and volume of runoff (Vol) were the top two key explanatory parameters of event end-of-pipe P loads. Two-predictor MLR models were developed with these explanatory parameters using a 40-storm dataset derived from six small urban residential watersheds in Wisconsin, USA, and evaluated using storms specific to each study basin. The MLR model validation results indicated sensitivity to storm composition in the datasets. Our analysis shows selected parameters can be used by environmental managers to facilitate end-of-pipe P prediction in urban areas. This information can be used to reduce the amount of P in stormwater runoff by adjusting the timing and frequency of municipal leaf collection and street cleaning programs in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, 53706, United States
| | - Anita M Thompson
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, 53706, United States
| | - William R Selbig
- United States Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI, 53726, United States.
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10
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McDowell WH, Potter JD. Context dependence in a tropical forest: Repeated disturbance reduces soil nitrate response but increases phosphate. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William H. McDowell
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences Luquillo LTER, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, College of Natural Science San Juan Puerto Rico USA
- Institute of Environment Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | - Jody D. Potter
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences Luquillo LTER, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, College of Natural Science San Juan Puerto Rico USA
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11
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Moreno II, Barberena‐Arias MF, González G, Lodge DJ, Cantrell SA. Canopy opening increases leaf‐shredding arthropods and nutrient mineralization but not mass loss in wet tropical forest. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivia I. Moreno
- Department of Biology Universidad Ana G Méndez, Gurabo Campus Gurabo Puerto Rico
| | | | - Grizelle González
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry Río Piedras Puerto Rico
| | - D. Jean Lodge
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station Luquillo Puerto Rico
| | - Sharon A. Cantrell
- Department of Biology Universidad Ana G Méndez, Gurabo Campus Gurabo Puerto Rico
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12
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Tree Fresh Leaf- and Twig-Leached Dissolved Organic Matter Quantity and Biodegradability in Subtropical Plantations in China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Extreme weather events often cause the input of fresh plant tissues into soils in forests. However, the interspecific patterns of tree fresh plant tissue-leached dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics are poorly understood. In this study, we collected fresh leaves and twigs of two broadleaf trees (Liquidambar formosana and Schima superba) and two coniferous trees (Pinus massoniana and Pinus elliottii) in subtropical plantations in China, and measured tree fresh tissue-leached DOM quantity and biodegradability. The interspecific patterns of fresh plant tissue-leached DOM production varied with organ types. Broadleaf tree leaves leached greater amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) than coniferous tree leaves, but an opposite pattern of DOC and DTN productions was observed between broadleaf and coniferous tree twigs. Regardless of tree species, leaves often leached greater quantities of DOC, DTN, and DTP than twigs. For both leaves and twigs, broadleaf tree tissue-leached DOM had greater aromaticity and lower biodegradability than coniferous tree tissue-leached DOM. Moreover, leaf-leached DOM had greater aromaticity and lower biodegradability than twig-leached DOM. In addition, DOM biodegradability negatively correlated with the initial aromaticity and DOC:DTN ratio, despite no relationship between DOM biodegradability and DOC:DTP ratio. These findings highlight the pivotal roles of leaf habit and organ type in regulating fresh tree tissue-leached DOM production and biodegradability and reveal that the substantial variations of fresh tissue-leached DOM biodegradability are co-driven by DOM aromaticity and N availability in subtropical plantations in China.
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Kong J, Lin Y, Huang F, Liu W, He Q, Su Y, Li J, Wang G, Qiu Q. Effects of Fertilization and Dry-Season Irrigation on Litterfall Dynamics and Decomposition Processes in Subtropical Eucalyptus Plantations. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.919571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient management in Eucalyptus plantations is critical for wood production and sustainable development. The biogeochemical mechanisms in Eucalyptus plantations are not fully understood due to changes in the spatiotemporal pattern of precipitation and plantation management. The nutrients released from litterfall are important sources of soil nutrition. We measured the seasonal production of various litterfall types and the proportions of their released nutrients in Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis plantations under compound fertilization, dry-season irrigation, and a combined compound fertilization and dry-season irrigation treatment. Our results showed that fertilization increased aboveground biomass and annual litterfall production (except leaf), and that the peak of litterfall production occurred in the rainy season. We found that the decomposition rates of leaf were significantly higher than that of twig, which were mainly controlled by stoichiometric characteristics, followed by soil enzyme activity (β-glucosidase, urease, and polyphenol oxidase). Fertilization decreased the carbon: nitrogen ratio and carbon: phosphorus ratio in litter, and increased soil enzyme activities, which accelerates litter decomposition and nutrient release. Dry-season irrigation increased litter decomposition and only affected the proportion of released potassium by changing the carbon: potassium ratio. Fertilization and dry-season irrigation accelerated the nutrient cycle to enhance compensatory growth. These results help to comprehend the effects of forest management on litterfall dynamics and decomposition processes in Eucalyptus plantations with seasonal drought.
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Lodge DJ, Van Beusekom AE, González G, Sánchez‐Julia M, Stankavich S. Disturbance reduces fungal white‐rot litter mat cover in a wet subtropical forest. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Jean Lodge
- Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service Luquillo Puerto Rico
| | - Ashley E. Van Beusekom
- International Institute of Tropical Forestry USDA Forest Service Río Piedras Puerto Rico
| | - Grizelle González
- International Institute of Tropical Forestry USDA Forest Service Río Piedras Puerto Rico
| | - Mareli Sánchez‐Julia
- Departments of Environmental Studies and Biology Wofford College Spartanburg South Carolina USA
| | - Sarah Stankavich
- Institute of Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico—Río Piedras San Juan Puerto Rico USA
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15
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Ouyang W, Wu Z, Wang P, Cui X, Hao X, Zhu W, Jin R. Diffuse nutrient export dynamics from accumulated litterfall in forested watersheds with remote sensing data coupled model. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117948. [PMID: 34952486 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients exported from forest litterfall significantly contribute to the global cycling of elements and the water quality in watersheds. Simulating the watershed discharge load is challenging because of the combined effects of the decomposing litterfall and topographic heterogeneity. We quantified the contribution of diffuse nutrient export from forest litterfall in a low temperature watershed using artificial rainfall experiments and watershed territorial modeling with remote sensing data, and therefore, the critical spatial factors and corresponding nutrient export dynamics were identified. Rainfall intensity and terrain slope were found to be the key factors for nutrient export under different litterfall decomposition conditions. Based on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer data and field observations, the temporal patterns of litterfall biomass of two types of dominant forests (broad-leaved and mixed) were interpreted. The spatial patterns of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) exports from watershed litterfall were simulated by coupling the observed discharge parameters under artificial rainfall conditions and watershed surface flow modeling with the hydrological characteristics of the forested areas. The average watershed TOC, TN, and TP loads exported from the litterfall were approximately 58.22, 7.89, and 0.37 kg ha-1 a-1, respectively. The exported loads of TOC, TN, and TP varied with the forest types, and the loads from the litterfall of deciduous broad-leaved forest were found to be ∼50-70% of loads from the litterfall of mixed forest. A comparison with similar studies worldwide also indicated that low temperature decreased the litterfall decomposition rate and diffuse nutrient export. This study indicated that litterfall nutrients were a key contributor to watershed water pollution, and their spatial discharge trend varied intensively with the terrestrial conditions. The modified simulation methods were found to accurately assess the cycling of nutrients from the forest litterfall on a watershed scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ouyang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Zeshan Wu
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Pengtao Wang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xintong Cui
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin Hao
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weihong Zhu
- School of Geographic and Ocean Sciences, Key laboratory of Wetland Ecological Functions and Ecological Security, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China
| | - Ri Jin
- School of Geographic and Ocean Sciences, Key laboratory of Wetland Ecological Functions and Ecological Security, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China
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16
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Xiao X, Chen J, Liao X, Liu J, Wang D, Li J, Yan Q. Ecological stoichiometry of
Cinnamomum migao
leaf litter and soil nutrients under nitrogen deposition in a karst region. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Xiao
- Forestry College Research Center of Forest Ecology Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Jingzhong Chen
- Forestry College Research Center of Forest Ecology Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xiaofeng Liao
- Institute of Mountain Resources Guizhou Academy of Science Guiyang 550001 China
| | - Jiming Liu
- Forestry College Research Center of Forest Ecology Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Deng Wang
- Forestry College Research Center of Forest Ecology Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Jia Li
- Forestry College Research Center of Forest Ecology Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Qiuxiao Yan
- Forestry College Research Center of Forest Ecology Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
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17
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Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Potassium Control of Plant Functions: Ecological and Agricultural Implications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:419. [PMID: 33672415 PMCID: PMC7927068 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Potassium, mostly as a cation (K+), together with calcium (Ca2+) are the most abundant inorganic chemicals in plant cellular media, but they are rarely discussed. K+ is not a component of molecular or macromolecular plant structures, thus it is more difficult to link it to concrete metabolic pathways than nitrogen or phosphorus. Over the last two decades, many studies have reported on the role of K+ in several physiological functions, including controlling cellular growth and wood formation, xylem-phloem water content and movement, nutrient and metabolite transport, and stress responses. In this paper, we present an overview of contemporary findings associating K+ with various plant functions, emphasizing plant-mediated responses to environmental abiotic and biotic shifts and stresses by controlling transmembrane potentials and water, nutrient, and metabolite transport. These essential roles of K+ account for its high concentrations in the most active plant organs, such as leaves, and are consistent with the increasing number of ecological and agricultural studies that report K+ as a key element in the function and structure of terrestrial ecosystems, crop production, and global food security. We synthesized these roles from an integrated perspective, considering the metabolic and physiological functions of individual plants and their complex roles in terrestrial ecosystem functions and food security within the current context of ongoing global change. Thus, we provide a bridge between studies of K+ at the plant and ecological levels to ultimately claim that K+ should be considered at least at a level similar to N and P in terrestrial ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain;
- CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain;
- CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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18
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Wang Y, Thompson AM, Selbig WR. Leachable phosphorus from senesced green ash and Norway maple leaves in urban watersheds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140662. [PMID: 32663685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In urban watersheds, street tree leaf litter is a critical biogenic source of phosphorus (P) in stormwater runoff. Stormwater extracts P from leaf litter and transports it, through the storm sewer network, to a receiving waterbody potentially causing downstream eutrophication. The goal of this study is to understand P leaching dynamics of two prevalent tree species (Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)) in three urban residential watersheds in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Leaf litter was collected from the three basins during Fall 2017 and 2018. Laboratory experiments showed an initial rapid total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) release that gradually plateaued over a 48-hour period. The total TDP released from Norway maple (2.10 mg g-1) was greater than from green ash (1.60 mg g-1). Within the same species, increased fragmentation of leaves led to more rapid initial TDP release, but not greater total TDP release. Increased aging of senescent leaves decreased total TDP release. Incubation temperature and volume of water in contact with leaves may not be critical factors affecting TDP leaching dynamics. Predictive equations were derived to characterize time-variable TDP release of both Norway maple and green ash leaves. Potential TDP release from leaf litter estimated using these equations was compared with field-measured end-of-pipe TDP loads in one of the study watersheds. Our results indicate that preventing leaf litter from accumulating in streets is an important stormwater quality control measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Anita M Thompson
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
| | - William R Selbig
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Middleton, WI 53562, United States
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19
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The Impact of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Particulate Matter (PM2.5) on Litter Decomposition in Chinese Subtropical Forests. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have demonstrated the toxic effects of fine particulates less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) on the health of humans, little information is available on the ecotoxicity of PM2.5. Water-soluble inorganic ions (WSII, including Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3−, and SO42−) can compose more than 60% of PM2.5. To better understand the possible impacts of WSII-PM2.5 on leaf litter decomposition, we conducted an experiment in which two leaf litters from oak (Quercus variabilis) and pine (Pinus massoniana) dominant forests in subtropical China were incubated in microcosms containing their respective forest soils and treated with WSII-PM2.5. Our results showed that, after six-months of decomposition, the WSII-PM2.5 treatments inhibited leaf litter decomposition rates, carbon and nitrogen loss, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities in the two forests. In addition, higher WSII-PM2.5 concentration led to stronger negative effects. Comparative analysis showed that the negative effects of WSII-PM2.5 on oak forest were greater than on pine forest, relating to the higher susceptibility to changes of soil microenvironment in oak forests. WSII-PM2.5 may influence decomposition through soil acidification and salinization, which could also cause a sub-lethal depression in soil isopod activity. However, in the first month of decomposition, mass loss of the oak and pine leaf litters under the low concentration WSII-PM2.5 were 21.63% and 35.64% higher than that under the control, respectively. This suggests that transitory low concentrations of WSII-PM2.5 have a promoting effect on decomposition. Long-term PM2.5 exposure, therefore, may have profound ecosystem consequences by altering the balance of ecosystem carbon flux, nutrient cycling, and humus formation in the future.
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20
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Ewel JJ, Schreeg LA, Sinclair TR. Resources for Crop Production: Accessing the Unavailable. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:121-129. [PMID: 30472068 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An acute imbalance between human population and food production is projected, partially due to increasing resource scarcity; dietary shifts and the current course of technology alone will not soon solve the problem. Natural ecosystems, typically characterized by high species richness and perennial growth habit, have solved many of the resource-acquisition problems faced by crops, making nature a likely source of insights for potential application in commercial agriculture. Further research on undomesticated plants and natural ecosystems, and the adaptations that enable them to meet their needs for N, P, and water, could change the face of commercial food production, including on marginal lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Ewel
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611, USA.
| | - Laura A Schreeg
- Bureau for Food Security, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington DC, WA 20004, USA
| | - Thomas R Sinclair
- Crop and Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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21
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Lanuza O, Casanoves F, Delgado D, Van den Meersche K. Leaf litter stoichiometry affects decomposition rates and nutrient dynamics in tropical forests under restoration in Costa Rica. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lanuza
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza) 30501 Turrialba Costa Rica
- Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria EstelíUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN Managua/FAREM Estelí) 49 Estelí Nicaragua
| | - Fernando Casanoves
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza) 30501 Turrialba Costa Rica
| | - Diego Delgado
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza) 30501 Turrialba Costa Rica
| | - Karel Van den Meersche
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza) 30501 Turrialba Costa Rica
- CIRADUMR Eco&Sols 30501 Turrialba Costa Rica
- Eco&SolsUniv Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro Montpellier France
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22
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Day TA, Bliss MS, Tomes AR, Ruhland CT, Guénon R. Desert leaf litter decay: Coupling of microbial respiration, water-soluble fractions and photodegradation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:5454-5470. [PMID: 30194795 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of plant litter decay in drylands are poorly understood, limiting the accuracy of nutrient-cycling models for these systems. We monitored the decay of 12 leaf litter types on the soil surface of the Sonoran Desert for 34 months and assessed what traits predicted mass loss and how exposure to different wavebands of sunlight influenced mass loss. Mass loss varied considerably among litter types, ranging from 42%-96% after 34 months in full sunlight. Traditional indices of litter quality (e.g., initial C:N or lignin:N ratios) failed to predict differences in mass loss among litter types. The strongest predictor of mass loss was the microbial respiration rate of initial litter, which explained 45%-54% of the variation in loss among litter types. Microbial respiration rates were not correlated with traditional indices of litter quality, but were positively correlated with the water-soluble fraction in litter and concentrations of dissolved organic C in this fraction. Traditional indices of litter quality failed to predict decay likely because they did a poor job of predicting microbial degradability of litter, not because microbial degradation was a minor driver of decay. In all radiation-exposure treatments, water-soluble fractions and respiration rates increased through decay and were several times higher after 34 months than initially. Hence, labile pools and microbial degradability of litter increased through decay in contrast to traditional views that labile pools decline and constrain microbes. Litter exposed to UV or UV through blue radiation wavelengths, lost on average 1.3 times or 1.5 times more mass, respectively, than litter not exposed to these wavebands. The magnitude of this photodegradation was greater in litter types that had higher initial concentrations of hemicellulose and cellulose per unit surface area. Litter exposed to full sun had higher water-soluble fractions and usually had higher respiration rates, illustrating that sunlight accelerated microbial degradation by increasing labile pools. The processes driving litter decay appeared to differ appreciably from mesic systems and involved strong couplings between abiotic and biotic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Day
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Michael S Bliss
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | | | - Christopher T Ruhland
- Department of Biological Sciences, TS-242 Trafton Sciences Center, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Minnesota
| | - René Guénon
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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23
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Variation in Detrital Resource Stoichiometry Signals Differential Carbon to Nutrient Limitation for Stream Consumers Across Biomes. Ecosystems 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Root chemistry and soil fauna, but not soil abiotic conditions explain the effects of plant diversity on root decomposition. Oecologia 2017; 185:499-511. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Mutschlecner AE, Guerard JJ, Jones JB, Harms TK. Phosphorus Enhances Uptake of Dissolved Organic Matter in Boreal Streams. Ecosystems 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-017-0177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Sheldrake M, Rosenstock NP, Revillini D, Olsson PA, Mangan S, Sayer EJ, Wallander H, Turner BL, Tanner EVJ. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition is altered by long-term litter removal but not litter addition in a lowland tropical forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:455-467. [PMID: 28042878 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forest productivity is sustained by the cycling of nutrients through decomposing organic matter. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a key role in the nutrition of tropical trees, yet there has been little experimental investigation into the role of AM fungi in nutrient cycling via decomposing organic material in tropical forests. We evaluated the responses of AM fungi in a long-term leaf litter addition and removal experiment in a tropical forest in Panama. We described AM fungal communities using 454-pyrosequencing, quantified the proportion of root length colonised by AM fungi using microscopy, and estimated AM fungal biomass using a lipid biomarker. AM fungal community composition was altered by litter removal but not litter addition. Root colonisation was substantially greater in the superficial organic layer compared with the mineral soil. Overall colonisation was lower in the litter removal treatment, which lacked an organic layer. There was no effect of litter manipulation on the concentration of the AM fungal lipid biomarker in the mineral soil. We hypothesise that reductions in organic matter brought about by litter removal may lead to AM fungi obtaining nutrients from recalcitrant organic or mineral sources in the soil, besides increasing fungal competition for progressively limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Sheldrake
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Nicholas P Rosenstock
- Center for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Daniel Revillini
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, PO BOX 5640, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | | | - Scott Mangan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Emma J Sayer
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | | | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Edmund V J Tanner
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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Christiansen CT, Haugwitz MS, Priemé A, Nielsen CS, Elberling B, Michelsen A, Grogan P, Blok D. Enhanced summer warming reduces fungal decomposer diversity and litter mass loss more strongly in dry than in wet tundra. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:406-420. [PMID: 27197084 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Many Arctic regions are currently experiencing substantial summer and winter climate changes. Litter decomposition is a fundamental component of ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycles, with fungi being among the primary decomposers. To assess the impacts of seasonal climatic changes on litter fungal communities and their functioning, Betula glandulosa leaf litter was surface-incubated in two adjacent low Arctic sites with contrasting soil moisture regimes: dry shrub heath and wet sedge tundra at Disko Island, Greenland. At both sites, we investigated the impacts of factorial combinations of enhanced summer warming (using open-top chambers; OTCs) and deepened snow (using snow fences) on surface litter mass loss, chemistry and fungal decomposer communities after approximately 1 year. Enhanced summer warming significantly restricted litter mass loss by 32% in the dry and 17% in the wet site. Litter moisture content was significantly reduced by summer warming in the dry, but not in the wet site. Likewise, fungal total abundance and diversity were reduced by OTC warming at the dry site, while comparatively modest warming effects were observed in the wet site. These results suggest that increased evapotranspiration in the OTC plots lowered litter moisture content to the point where fungal decomposition activities became inhibited. In contrast, snow addition enhanced fungal abundance in both sites but did not significantly affect litter mass loss rates. Across sites, control plots only shared 15% of their fungal phylotypes, suggesting strong local controls on fungal decomposer community composition. Nevertheless, fungal community functioning (litter decomposition) was negatively affected by warming in both sites. We conclude that although buried soil organic matter decomposition is widely expected to increase with future summer warming, surface litter decay and nutrient turnover rates in both xeric and relatively moist tundra are likely to be significantly restricted by the evaporative drying associated with warmer air temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper T Christiansen
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
| | - Merian S Haugwitz
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
| | - Anders Priemé
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Cecilie S Nielsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Paul Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
| | - Daan Blok
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
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He N, Yu G. Stoichiometrical regulation of soil organic matter decomposition and its temperature sensitivity. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:620-7. [PMID: 26843944 PMCID: PMC4729244 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) can be described by a set of kinetic principles, environmental constraints, and substrate supply. Here, we hypothesized that SOM decomposition rates (R) and its temperature sensitivity (Q 10) would increase steadily with the N:C ratios of added substrates by alleviating N limitation on microbial growth. We tested this hypothesis by investigating SOM decomposition in both grassland and forest soils after addition of substrates with a range of N:C ratios. The results showed that Michaelis-Menten equations well fit the response of R to the N:C ratio variations of added substrates, and their coefficients of determination (R (2)) ranged from 0.65 to 0.89 (P < 0.01). Moreover, the maximal R, Q 10, and cumulative C emission of SOM decomposition increased exponentially with the N:C ratios of added substrates, and were controlled interactively by incubation temperature and the N:C ratios of the added substrates. We demonstrated that SOM decomposition rate and temperature sensitivity were exponentially correlated to substrate stoichiometry (N:C ratio) in both grassland and forest soils. Therefore, these correlations should be incorporated into the models for the prediction of SOM decomposition rate under warmer climatic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
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Cuss C, Guéguen C. Characterizing the Labile Fraction of Dissolved Organic Matter in Leaf Leachates: Methods, Indicators, Structure, and Complexity. LABILE ORGANIC MATTER-CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS, FUNCTION, AND SIGNIFICANCE IN SOIL AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.2136/sssaspecpub62.2014.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C.W. Cuss
- Environmental and Life Science Graduate Program; 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough Ontario Canada K9J 7B8
| | - C. Guéguen
- Chemistry Dep.; Trent University; 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough Ontario Canada K9J 7B8
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Sakai M, Gomi T, Naito RS, Negishi JN, Sasaki M, Toda H, Nunokawa M, Murase K. Radiocesium leaching from contaminated litter in forest streams. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 144:15-20. [PMID: 25791899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In Japanese forests suffering from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, litter fall provides a large amount of radiocesium from forests to streams. Submerged litter is processed to become a vital food resource for various stream organisms through initial leaching and subsequent decomposition. Although leaching from litter can detach radiocesium similarly to potassium, radiocesium leaching and its migration are poorly understood. We examined both radiocesium and potassium leaching to the water column and radiocesium allocation to minerals (glass beads, silica sand, and vermiculite) in the laboratory using soaked litter with and without minerals on a water column. The mineral types did not affect radiocesium leaching from litter, but soaking in water for 1, 7, and 30 days decreased the radiocesium concentration in litter by ×0.71, ×0.66, and ×0.56, respectively. Meanwhile, the 1-, 7-, and 30-day experiments decreased potassium concentration in litter by ×0.17, ×0.11, and ×0.09, respectively. Leached radiocesium remained in a dissolved form when there was no mineral phases present in the water, whereas there was sorption onto the minerals when they were present. In particular, vermiculite adsorbed radiocesium by two to three orders of magnitude more effectively than the other minerals. Because radiocesium forms (such as that dissolved or adsorbed to organic matter or minerals) can further mobilize to ecosystems, our findings will increase our understanding regarding the dynamics of radiocesium in stream ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Takashi Gomi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Risa S Naito
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Junjiro N Negishi
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0860, Japan
| | - Michiko Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroto Toda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Masanori Nunokawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N9, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kaori Murase
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Yamanohata, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8501, Japan
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Sitters J, Atkinson CL, Guelzow N, Kelly P, Sullivan LL. Spatial stoichiometry: cross-ecosystem material flows and their impact on recipient ecosystems and organisms. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sitters
- Dept of Ecology and Environmental Science; Umeå Univ.; SE-901 87 Umeå Sweden
| | - Carla L. Atkinson
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell Univ.; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Nils Guelzow
- Dept of Geography and Environment; Mount Allison Univ.; Sackville, New Brunswick NB E4L 1E2 Canada
| | - Patrick Kelly
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Lauren L. Sullivan
- Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology; Iowa State Univ.; Ames IA 50011-1020 USA
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Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Keiblinger KM, Mooshammer M, Peñuelas J, Richter A, Sardans J, Wanek W. The application of ecological stoichiometry to plant–microbial–soil organic matter transformations. ECOL MONOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/14-0777.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 504] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Erickson HE, Helmer EH, Brandeis TJ, Lugo AE. Controls on fallen leaf chemistry and forest floor element masses in native and novel forests across a tropical island. Ecosphere 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00263.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Fanin N, Barantal S, Fromin N, Schimann H, Schevin P, Hättenschwiler S. Distinct microbial limitations in litter and underlying soil revealed by carbon and nutrient fertilization in a tropical rainforest. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49990. [PMID: 23272052 PMCID: PMC3521737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-caused alterations of the carbon and nutrient cycles are expected to impact tropical ecosystems in the near future. Here we evaluated how a combined change in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability affects soil and litter microbial respiration and litter decomposition in an undisturbed Amazonian rainforest in French Guiana. In a fully factorial C (as cellulose), N (as urea), and P (as phosphate) fertilization experiment we analyzed a total of 540 litterbag-soil pairs after a 158-day exposure in the field. Rates of substrate-induced respiration (SIR) measured in litter and litter mass loss were similarly affected by fertilization showing the strongest stimulation when N and P were added simultaneously. The stimulating NP effect on litter SIR increased considerably with increasing initial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in litter, suggesting that the combined availability of N, P, and a labile C source has a particularly strong effect on microbial activity. Cellulose fertilization, however, did not further stimulate the NP effect. In contrast to litter SIR and litter mass loss, soil SIR was reduced with N fertilization and showed only a positive effect in response to P fertilization that was further enhanced with additional C fertilization. Our data suggest that increased nutrient enrichment in the studied Amazonian rainforest can considerably change microbial activity and litter decomposition, and that these effects differ between the litter layer and the underlying soil. Any resulting change in relative C and nutrient fluxes between the litter layer and the soil can have important consequences for biogeochemical cycles in tropical forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fanin
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Université of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Barantal
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Fromin
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Heidy Schimann
- UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Patrick Schevin
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, Montpellier, France
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