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Sarneel JM, Hefting MM, Sandén T, van den Hoogen J, Routh D, Adhikari BS, Alatalo JM, Aleksanyan A, Althuizen IHJ, Alsafran MHSA, Atkins JW, Augusto L, Aurela M, Azarov AV, Barrio IC, Beier C, Bejarano MD, Benham SE, Berg B, Bezler NV, Björnsdóttir K, Bolinder MA, Carbognani M, Cazzolla Gatti R, Chelli S, Chistotin MV, Christiansen CT, Courtois P, Crowther TW, Dechoum MS, Djukic I, Duddigan S, Egerton-Warburton LM, Fanin N, Fantappiè M, Fares S, Fernandes GW, Filippova NV, Fliessbach A, Fuentes D, Godoy R, Grünwald T, Guzmán G, Hawes JE, He Y, Hero JM, Hess LL, Hogendoorn K, Høye TT, Jans WWP, Jónsdóttir IS, Keller S, Kepfer-Rojas S, Kuz'menko NN, Larsen KS, Laudon H, Lembrechts JJ, Li J, Limousin JM, Lukin SM, Marques R, Marín C, McDaniel MD, Meek Q, Merzlaya GE, Michelsen A, Montagnani L, Mueller P, Murugan R, Myers-Smith IH, Nolte S, Ochoa-Hueso R, Okafor BN, Okorkov VV, Onipchenko VG, Orozco MC, Parkhurst T, Peres CA, Petit Bon M, Petraglia A, Pingel M, Rebmann C, Scheffers BR, Schmidt I, Scholes MC, Sheffer E, Shevtsova LK, Smith SW, Sofo A, Stevenson PR, Strouhalová B, Sundsdal A, Sühs RB, Tamene G, Thomas HJD, Tolunay D, Tomaselli M, Tresch S, Tucker DL, Ulyshen MD, Valdecantos A, Vandvik V, Vanguelova EI, Verheyen K, Wang X, Yahdjian L, Yumashev XS, Keuskamp JA. Reading tea leaves worldwide: Decoupled drivers of initial litter decomposition mass-loss rate and stabilization. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14415. [PMID: 38712683 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The breakdown of plant material fuels soil functioning and biodiversity. Currently, process understanding of global decomposition patterns and the drivers of such patterns are hampered by the lack of coherent large-scale datasets. We buried 36,000 individual litterbags (tea bags) worldwide and found an overall negative correlation between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization factors of plant-derived carbon, using the Tea Bag Index (TBI). The stabilization factor quantifies the degree to which easy-to-degrade components accumulate during early-stage decomposition (e.g. by environmental limitations). However, agriculture and an interaction between moisture and temperature led to a decoupling between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization, notably in colder locations. Using TBI improved mass-loss estimates of natural litter compared to models that ignored stabilization. Ignoring the transformation of dead plant material to more recalcitrant substances during early-stage decomposition, and the environmental control of this transformation, could overestimate carbon losses during early decomposition in carbon cycle models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Sarneel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet M Hefting
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Taru Sandén
- Department for Soil Health and Plant Nutrition, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - Johan van den Hoogen
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Devin Routh
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Science IT, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Juha M Alatalo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alla Aleksanyan
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Botany aft. A.L. Takhtajyan NAS of RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Inge H J Althuizen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jeff W Atkins
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, New Ellenton, South Carolina, USA
| | - Laurent Augusto
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mika Aurela
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate System Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Isabel C Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Claus Beier
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - María D Bejarano
- Department of Natural Systems and Resources, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Björn Berg
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nadezhda V Bezler
- All-Russian Institute of Sugar and Sygar Beet Named after D. Mazlumov, Ramon, Russia
| | - Katrín Björnsdóttir
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin A Bolinder
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Chelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Maxim V Chistotin
- All-Russian Research Institute of Agrochemistry Named after D. Pryanishnikov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Casper T Christiansen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Pascal Courtois
- UMR Silva, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michele S Dechoum
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ika Djukic
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Duddigan
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Nicolas Fanin
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Maria Fantappiè
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvano Fares
- National Research Council of Italy Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Naples, Italy
| | - Geraldo W Fernandes
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia & Evolução, ICB/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Knowledge Center for Biodiversity, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Godoy
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Thomas Grünwald
- Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Gema Guzmán
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Camino de Purchil, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture-CSIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Joseph E Hawes
- Applied Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, Cumbria, UK
| | - Yue He
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Jean-Marc Hero
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura L Hess
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Katja Hogendoorn
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Toke T Høye
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Wilma W P Jans
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sabina Keller
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Klaus S Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hjalmar Laudon
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas J Lembrechts
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Junhui Li
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Sergey M Lukin
- Upper Volga Federal Agrarain Scientific Center, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Renato Marques
- Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - César Marín
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad Santo Tomás, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Qi Meek
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Genrietta E Merzlaya
- All-Russian Research Institute of Agrochemistry Named after D. Pryanishnikov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Leonardo Montagnani
- Forest Services, Autonomous Province of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Libera Universita di Bolzano, Facoltà di Scienze e Tecnologie, Piazza Università, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Peter Mueller
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rajasekaran Murugan
- Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
- Valli Sustainability Research and Education, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Isla H Myers-Smith
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Stefanie Nolte
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Raúl Ochoa-Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | - Vladimir G Onipchenko
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - María C Orozco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tina Parkhurst
- School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Matteo Petit Bon
- Department of Arctic Biology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Wildland Resources, Quinney College of Natural Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Martin Pingel
- Department of Applied Ecology, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Corinna Rebmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brett R Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Inger Schmidt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mary C Scholes
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Efrat Sheffer
- Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lyudmila K Shevtsova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Agrochemistry Named after D. Pryanishnikov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stuart W Smith
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Ecological Science Department, The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Adriano Sofo
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy
| | | | - Barbora Strouhalová
- Departement of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anders Sundsdal
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern, Notodden, Norway
| | - Rafael B Sühs
- Programa de pós-graduacão em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gebretsadik Tamene
- Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Agriculture and Environmental, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Haydn J D Thomas
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Duygu Tolunay
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcello Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simon Tresch
- Institute for Applied Plant Biology, Witterswil, Switzerland
| | - Dominique L Tucker
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael D Ulyshen
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Alejandro Valdecantos
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies, Ramon Margalef, IMEM, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kris Verheyen
- Department of Environment, Forest and Nature Lab, Gent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xuhui Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Joost A Keuskamp
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Biont Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Maes SL, Dietrich J, Midolo G, Schwieger S, Kummu M, Vandvik V, Aerts R, Althuizen IHJ, Biasi C, Björk RG, Böhner H, Carbognani M, Chiari G, Christiansen CT, Clemmensen KE, Cooper EJ, Cornelissen JHC, Elberling B, Faubert P, Fetcher N, Forte TGW, Gaudard J, Gavazov K, Guan Z, Guðmundsson J, Gya R, Hallin S, Hansen BB, Haugum SV, He JS, Hicks Pries C, Hovenden MJ, Jalava M, Jónsdóttir IS, Juhanson J, Jung JY, Kaarlejärvi E, Kwon MJ, Lamprecht RE, Le Moullec M, Lee H, Marushchak ME, Michelsen A, Munir TM, Myrsky EM, Nielsen CS, Nyberg M, Olofsson J, Óskarsson H, Parker TC, Pedersen EP, Petit Bon M, Petraglia A, Raundrup K, Ravn NMR, Rinnan R, Rodenhizer H, Ryde I, Schmidt NM, Schuur EAG, Sjögersten S, Stark S, Strack M, Tang J, Tolvanen A, Töpper JP, Väisänen MK, van Logtestijn RSP, Voigt C, Walz J, Weedon JT, Yang Y, Ylänne H, Björkman MP, Sarneel JM, Dorrepaal E. Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra. Nature 2024; 629:105-113. [PMID: 38632407 PMCID: PMC11062900 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are large reservoirs of organic carbon1,2. Climate warming may stimulate ecosystem respiration and release carbon into the atmosphere3,4. The magnitude and persistency of this stimulation and the environmental mechanisms that drive its variation remain uncertain5-7. This hampers the accuracy of global land carbon-climate feedback projections7,8. Here we synthesize 136 datasets from 56 open-top chamber in situ warming experiments located at 28 arctic and alpine tundra sites which have been running for less than 1 year up to 25 years. We show that a mean rise of 1.4 °C [confidence interval (CI) 0.9-2.0 °C] in air and 0.4 °C [CI 0.2-0.7 °C] in soil temperature results in an increase in growing season ecosystem respiration by 30% [CI 22-38%] (n = 136). Our findings indicate that the stimulation of ecosystem respiration was due to increases in both plant-related and microbial respiration (n = 9) and continued for at least 25 years (n = 136). The magnitude of the warming effects on respiration was driven by variation in warming-induced changes in local soil conditions, that is, changes in total nitrogen concentration and pH and by context-dependent spatial variation in these conditions, in particular total nitrogen concentration and the carbon:nitrogen ratio. Tundra sites with stronger nitrogen limitations and sites in which warming had stimulated plant and microbial nutrient turnover seemed particularly sensitive in their respiration response to warming. The results highlight the importance of local soil conditions and warming-induced changes therein for future climatic impacts on respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Maes
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden.
- Forest Ecology and Management Group (FORECOMAN), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - J Dietrich
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - G Midolo
- Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - S Schwieger
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Kummu
- Water and development research group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - V Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Aerts
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I H J Althuizen
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NORCE Climate and Environment, Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - C Biasi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Böhner
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - M Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Chiari
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - C T Christiansen
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K E Clemmensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E J Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J H C Cornelissen
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Elberling
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Faubert
- Carbone Boréal, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Fetcher
- Institute for Environmental Science and Sustainability, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - T G W Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - J Gaudard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Gavazov
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Z Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - J Guðmundsson
- Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - R Gya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Hallin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B B Hansen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
- Gjærevoll Centre for Biodiversity Foresight Analyses & Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - S V Haugum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- The Heathland Centre, Alver, Norway
| | - J-S He
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - C Hicks Pries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - M J Hovenden
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Australian Mountain Research Facility, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - M Jalava
- Water and development research group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - I S Jónsdóttir
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - J Juhanson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Y Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - E Kaarlejärvi
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M J Kwon
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
- Institute of Soil Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R E Lamprecht
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Le Moullec
- Gjærevoll Centre for Biodiversity Foresight Analyses & Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - H Lee
- NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M E Marushchak
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Michelsen
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T M Munir
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - E M Myrsky
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C S Nielsen
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- SEGES Innovation P/S, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Nyberg
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - J Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - H Óskarsson
- Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T C Parker
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - E P Pedersen
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Petit Bon
- Department of Wildland Resources, Quinney College of Natural Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
- Department of Arctic Biology, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - A Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - K Raundrup
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - N M R Ravn
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Rinnan
- Center for Volatile Interactions, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Rodenhizer
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - I Ryde
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N M Schmidt
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - E A G Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - S Sjögersten
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - S Stark
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - M Strack
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Tang
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - A Tolvanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J P Töpper
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - M K Väisänen
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - R S P van Logtestijn
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Voigt
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Soil Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Walz
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - J T Weedon
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H Ylänne
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - M P Björkman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J M Sarneel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - E Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
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3
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Vandvik V, Halbritter AH, Althuizen IHJ, Christiansen CT, Henn JJ, Jónsdóttir IS, Klanderud K, Macias-Fauria M, Malhi Y, Maitner BS, Michaletz S, Roos RE, Telford RJ, Bass P, Björnsdóttir K, Bustamante LLV, Chmurzynski A, Chen S, Haugum SV, Kemppinen J, Lepley K, Li Y, Linabury M, Matos IS, Neto-Bradley BM, Ng M, Niittynen P, Östman S, Pánková K, Roth N, Castorena M, Spiegel M, Thomson E, Vågenes AS, Enquist BJ. Plant traits and associated data from a warming experiment, a seabird colony, and along elevation in Svalbard. Sci Data 2023; 10:578. [PMID: 37666874 PMCID: PMC10477187 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arctic is warming at a rate four times the global average, while also being exposed to other global environmental changes, resulting in widespread vegetation and ecosystem change. Integrating functional trait-based approaches with multi-level vegetation, ecosystem, and landscape data enables a holistic understanding of the drivers and consequences of these changes. In two High Arctic study systems near Longyearbyen, Svalbard, a 20-year ITEX warming experiment and elevational gradients with and without nutrient input from nesting seabirds, we collected data on vegetation composition and structure, plant functional traits, ecosystem fluxes, multispectral remote sensing, and microclimate. The dataset contains 1,962 plant records and 16,160 trait measurements from 34 vascular plant taxa, for 9 of which these are the first published trait data. By integrating these comprehensive data, we bridge knowledge gaps and expand trait data coverage, including on intraspecific trait variation. These data can offer insights into ecosystem functioning and provide baselines to assess climate and environmental change impacts. Such knowledge is crucial for effective conservation and management in these vulnerable regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Aud H Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inge H J Althuizen
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jonathan J Henn
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | | | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Marc Macias-Fauria
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian Salvin Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Sean Michaletz
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ruben E Roos
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Richard J Telford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Polly Bass
- Department of Ethnobotany, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Canada
| | | | | | - Adam Chmurzynski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Shuli Chen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Siri Vatsø Haugum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kai Lepley
- School of Geography, Development and Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Yaoqi Li
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mary Linabury
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Ilaíne Silveira Matos
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - Molly Ng
- Section of Botany, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - Silje Östman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karolína Pánková
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nina Roth
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matiss Castorena
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Marcus Spiegel
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Thomson
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
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4
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Jónsdóttir IS, Halbritter AH, Christiansen CT, Althuizen IHJ, Haugum SV, Henn JJ, Björnsdóttir K, Maitner BS, Malhi Y, Michaletz ST, Roos RE, Klanderud K, Lee H, Enquist BJ, Vandvik V. Intraspecific trait variability is a key feature underlying high Arctic plant community resistance to climate warming. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 102 Reykjavik Iceland
- University Centre in Svalbard, PO box 156 Longyearbyen Norway
| | | | - Casper T. Christiansen
- NORCE Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Bergen Norway
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Siri V. Haugum
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Norway
| | - Jonathan J. Henn
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology University of California Riverside Riverside, California USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Katrín Björnsdóttir
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Brian Salvin Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford UK
| | - Sean T. Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre The University of British Columbia
| | - Ruben E. Roos
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Norway
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Norway
| | - Hanna Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Norway
| | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Norway
- NORCE Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Bergen Norway
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5
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Halbritter AH, De Boeck HJ, Eycott AE, Reinsch S, Robinson DA, Vicca S, Berauer B, Christiansen CT, Estiarte M, Grünzweig JM, Gya R, Hansen K, Jentsch A, Lee H, Linder S, Marshall J, Peñuelas J, Kappel Schmidt I, Stuart‐Haëntjens E, Wilfahrt P, Vandvik V, Abrantes N, Almagro M, Althuizen IHJ, Barrio IC, te Beest M, Beier C, Beil I, Berry ZC, Birkemoe T, Bjerke JW, Blonder B, Blume‐Werry G, Bohrer G, Campos I, Cernusak LA, Chojnicki BH, Cosby BJ, Dickman LT, Djukic I, Filella I, Fuchslueger L, Gargallo‐Garriga A, Gillespie MAK, Goldsmith GR, Gough C, Halliday FW, Joar Hegland S, Hoch G, Holub P, Jaroszynska F, Johnson DM, Jones SB, Kardol P, Keizer JJ, Klem K, Konestabo HS, Kreyling J, Kröel‐Dulay G, Landhäusser SM, Larsen KS, Leblans N, Lebron I, Lehmann MM, Lembrechts JJ, Lenz A, Linstädter A, Llusià J, Macias‐Fauria M, Malyshev AV, Mänd P, Marshall M, Matheny AM, McDowell N, Meier IC, Meinzer FC, Michaletz ST, Miller ML, Muffler L, Oravec M, Ostonen I, Porcar‐Castell A, Preece C, Prentice IC, Radujković D, Ravolainen V, Ribbons R, Ruppert JC, Sack L, Sardans J, Schindlbacher A, Scoffoni C, Sigurdsson BD, Smart S, Smith SW, Soper F, Speed JDM, Sverdrup‐Thygeson A, Sydenham MAK, Taghizadeh‐Toosi A, Telford RJ, Tielbörger K, Töpper JP, Urban O, Ploeg M, Van Langenhove L, Večeřová K, Ven A, Verbruggen E, Vik U, Weigel R, Wohlgemuth T, Wood LK, Zinnert J, Zurba K. The handbook for standardized field and laboratory measurements in terrestrial climate change experiments and observational studies (ClimEx). Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aud H. Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Hans J. De Boeck
- Department of Biology Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems) Universiteit Antwerpen Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Amy E. Eycott
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture Nord University Steinkjer Norway
| | - Sabine Reinsch
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Environment Centre Wales Bangor UK
| | | | - Sara Vicca
- Department of Biology Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems) Universiteit Antwerpen Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Bernd Berauer
- Department of Disturbance Ecology University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | | | - Marc Estiarte
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Spain
- CREAF Vallès Spain
| | - José M. Grünzweig
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Ragnhild Gya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Karin Hansen
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Stockholm Sweden
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute IVL Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Hanna Lee
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Bergen Norway
| | - Sune Linder
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp Sweden
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Spain
- CREAF Vallès Spain
| | - Inger Kappel Schmidt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | | | - Peter Wilfahrt
- Department of Disturbance Ecology University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of Bergen Bergen Norway
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6
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Natali SM, Watts JD, Rogers BM, Potter S, Ludwig SM, Selbmann AK, Sullivan PF, Abbott BW, Arndt KA, Birch L, Björkman MP, Bloom AA, Celis G, Christensen TR, Christiansen CT, Commane R, Cooper EJ, Crill P, Czimczik C, Davydov S, Du J, Egan JE, Elberling B, Euskirchen ES, Friborg T, Genet H, Göckede M, Goodrich JP, Grogan P, Helbig M, Jafarov EE, Jastrow JD, Kalhori AAM, Kim Y, Kimball J, Kutzbach L, Lara MJ, Larsen KS, Lee BY, Liu Z, Loranty MM, Lund M, Lupascu M, Madani N, Malhotra A, Matamala R, McFarland J, McGuire AD, Michelsen A, Minions C, Oechel WC, Olefeldt D, Parmentier FJW, Pirk N, Poulter B, Quinton W, Rezanezhad F, Risk D, Sachs T, Schaefer K, Schmidt NM, Schuur EA, Semenchuk PR, Shaver G, Sonnentag O, Starr G, Treat CC, Waldrop MP, Wang Y, Welker J, Wille C, Xu X, Zhang Z, Zhuang Q, Zona D. Large loss of CO 2 in winter observed across the northern permafrost region. Nat Clim Chang 2019; 9:852-857. [PMID: 35069807 PMCID: PMC8781060 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-019-0592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent warming in the Arctic, which has been amplified during the winter1-3, greatly enhances microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and subsequent release of carbon dioxide (CO2)4. However, the amount of CO2 released in winter is highly uncertain and has not been well represented by ecosystem models or by empirically-based estimates5,6. Here we synthesize regional in situ observations of CO2 flux from arctic and boreal soils to assess current and future winter carbon losses from the northern permafrost domain. We estimate a contemporary loss of 1662 Tg C yr-1 from the permafrost region during the winter season (October through April). This loss is greater than the average growing season carbon uptake for this region estimated from process models (-1032 Tg C yr-1). Extending model predictions to warmer conditions in 2100 indicates that winter CO2 emissions will increase 17% under a moderate mitigation scenario-Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5-and 41% under business-as-usual emissions scenario-RCP 8.5. Our results provide a new baseline for winter CO2 emissions from northern terrestrial regions and indicate that enhanced soil CO2 loss due to winter warming may offset growing season carbon uptake under future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan. M. Natali
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA
- Correspondence to:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508. USA
| | - Benjamin W. Abbott
- Brigham Young University, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Kyle A. Arndt
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Leah Birch
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA
| | - Mats P. Björkman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 460, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - A. Anthony Bloom
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Gerardo Celis
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - Torben R. Christensen
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Roisin Commane
- Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Elisabeth J. Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT. The Arctic University of Norway, N9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Patrick Crill
- Dept. of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Claudia Czimczik
- Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sergey Davydov
- Northeast Science Station, Pacific Geographical Institute, Cherskii, Russia
| | - Jinyang Du
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Jocelyn E. Egan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eugenie S. Euskirchen
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Thomas Friborg
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hélène Genet
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | | | - Jordan P. Goodrich
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Manuel Helbig
- McMaster University, School of Geography and Earth Sciences, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1
- Université de Montréal, Département de géographie & Centre d’études nordiques, 520 chemin de la Côte Sainte Catherine, Montréal, QC H2V 2B8
| | - Elchin E. Jafarov
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Julie D. Jastrow
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Aram A. M. Kalhori
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Yongwon Kim
- International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - John Kimball
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Lars Kutzbach
- Institute of Soil Science, Universät Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark J. Lara
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Klaus S. Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bang-Yong Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea)
| | - Zhihua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | | | - Magnus Lund
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Massimo Lupascu
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570
| | - Nima Madani
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Roser Matamala
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jack McFarland
- Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. David McGuire
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | | | | | - Walter C. Oechel
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - David Olefeldt
- University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frans-Jan W. Parmentier
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Norbert Pirk
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ben Poulter
- NASA GSFC, Biospheric Sciences Lab., Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | | | - Fereidoun Rezanezhad
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Water Institute and Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - David Risk
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kevin Schaefer
- National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Niels M. Schmidt
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Edward A.G. Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - Philipp R. Semenchuk
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gaius Shaver
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Université de Montréal, Département de géographie & Centre d’études nordiques, 520 chemin de la Côte Sainte Catherine, Montréal, QC H2V 2B8
| | - Gregory Starr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Claire C. Treat
- Department of Environmental and Biological Science, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Mark P. Waldrop
- Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jeffrey Welker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland and UArctic
| | - Christian Wille
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Qianlai Zhuang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Donatella Zona
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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7
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Christiansen CT, Lafreniére MJ, Henry GHR, Grogan P. Long-term deepened snow promotes tundra evergreen shrub growth and summertime ecosystem net CO 2 gain but reduces soil carbon and nutrient pools. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:3508-3525. [PMID: 29411950 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arctic climate warming will be primarily during winter, resulting in increased snowfall in many regions. Previous tundra research on the impacts of deepened snow has generally been of short duration. Here, we report relatively long-term (7-9 years) effects of experimentally deepened snow on plant community structure, net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), and soil biogeochemistry in Canadian Low Arctic mesic shrub tundra. The snowfence treatment enhanced snow depth from 0.3 to ~1 m, increasing winter soil temperatures by ~3°C, but with no effect on summer soil temperature, moisture, or thaw depth. Nevertheless, shoot biomass of the evergreen shrub Rhododendron subarcticum was near-doubled by the snowfences, leading to a 52% increase in aboveground vascular plant biomass. Additionally, summertime NEE rates, measured in collars containing similar plant biomass across treatments, were consistently reduced ~30% in the snowfenced plots due to decreased ecosystem respiration rather than increased gross photosynthesis. Phosphate in the organic soil layer (0-10 cm depth) and nitrate in the mineral soil layer (15-25 cm depth) were substantially reduced within the snowfences (47-70 and 43%-73% reductions, respectively, across sampling times). Finally, the snowfences tended (p = .08) to reduce mineral soil layer C% by 40%, but with considerable within- and among plot variation due to cryoturbation across the landscape. These results indicate that enhanced snow accumulation is likely to further increase dominance of R. subarcticum in its favored locations, and reduce summertime respiration and soil biogeochemical pools. Since evergreens are relatively slow growing and of low stature, their increased dominance may constrain vegetation-related feedbacks to climate change. We found no evidence that deepened snow promoted deciduous shrub growth in mesic tundra, and conclude that the relatively strong R. subarcticum response to snow accumulation may explain the extensive spatial variability in observed circumpolar patterns of evergreen and deciduous shrub growth over the past 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper T Christiansen
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Uni Research Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Gregory H R Henry
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Christiansen CT, Haugwitz MS, Priemé A, Nielsen CS, Elberling B, Michelsen A, Grogan P, Blok D. Enhanced summer warming reduces fungal decomposer diversity and litter mass loss more strongly in dry than in wet tundra. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:406-420. [PMID: 27197084 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Many Arctic regions are currently experiencing substantial summer and winter climate changes. Litter decomposition is a fundamental component of ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycles, with fungi being among the primary decomposers. To assess the impacts of seasonal climatic changes on litter fungal communities and their functioning, Betula glandulosa leaf litter was surface-incubated in two adjacent low Arctic sites with contrasting soil moisture regimes: dry shrub heath and wet sedge tundra at Disko Island, Greenland. At both sites, we investigated the impacts of factorial combinations of enhanced summer warming (using open-top chambers; OTCs) and deepened snow (using snow fences) on surface litter mass loss, chemistry and fungal decomposer communities after approximately 1 year. Enhanced summer warming significantly restricted litter mass loss by 32% in the dry and 17% in the wet site. Litter moisture content was significantly reduced by summer warming in the dry, but not in the wet site. Likewise, fungal total abundance and diversity were reduced by OTC warming at the dry site, while comparatively modest warming effects were observed in the wet site. These results suggest that increased evapotranspiration in the OTC plots lowered litter moisture content to the point where fungal decomposition activities became inhibited. In contrast, snow addition enhanced fungal abundance in both sites but did not significantly affect litter mass loss rates. Across sites, control plots only shared 15% of their fungal phylotypes, suggesting strong local controls on fungal decomposer community composition. Nevertheless, fungal community functioning (litter decomposition) was negatively affected by warming in both sites. We conclude that although buried soil organic matter decomposition is widely expected to increase with future summer warming, surface litter decay and nutrient turnover rates in both xeric and relatively moist tundra are likely to be significantly restricted by the evaporative drying associated with warmer air temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper T Christiansen
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
| | - Merian S Haugwitz
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
| | - Anders Priemé
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Cecilie S Nielsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Paul Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
| | - Daan Blok
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
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Christiansen CT, Svendsen SH, Schmidt NM, Michelsen A. High arctic heath soil respiration and biogeochemical dynamics during summer and autumn freeze-in - effects of long-term enhanced water and nutrient supply. Glob Chang Biol 2012; 18:3224-3236. [PMID: 28741825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In High Arctic NE Greenland, temperature and precipitation are predicted to increase during this century, however, relatively little information is available on the role of increased water supply on soil CO 2 efflux in dry, high arctic ecosystems. We measured soil respiration (Rsoil ) in summer and autumn of 2009 in combination with microbial biomass and nutrient availability during autumn freeze-in at a dry, open heath in Zackenberg, NE Greenland. This tundra site has been subject to fully factorial manipulation consisting of increased soil water supply for 14 years, and occasional nitrogen (N) addition in pulses. Summer watering enhanced Rsoil during summer, but decreased Rsoil in the following autumn. We speculate that this is due to intensified depletion of recently fixed plant carbon by soil organisms. Hence, autumn soil microbial activity seems tightly linked to growing season plant production through plant-associated carbon pools. Nitrogen addition alone consistently increased Rsoil , but when water and nitrogen were added in combination, autumn Rsoil declined similarly to when water was added alone. Despite several freeze-thaw events, the microbial biomass carbon (C) remained constant until finally being reduced by ~60% in late September. In spite of significantly reduced microbial biomass C and phosphorus (P), microbial N did not change. This suggests N released from dead microbes was quickly assimilated by surviving microbes. We observed no change in soil organic matter content after 14 years of environmental manipulations, suggesting high ecosystem resistance to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper T Christiansen
- Physiological Ecology Group, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sarah H Svendsen
- Physiological Ecology Group, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Niels M Schmidt
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Physiological Ecology Group, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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