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Chen D, van Kleunen M. Competitive effects of plant invaders on and their responses to native species assemblages change over time. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.73.80410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Alien plant invaders are often considered to be more competitive than natives, and species-rich plant communities are often considered to be more resistant to invaders than species-poor communities. However, the competitive interactions between invaders and assemblages of different species richness are unlikely to be static over time (e.g. during a growth season). To test this, we grew five alien and five native species as invaders in a total of 21 artificial assemblages of one, two or four native competitor species. To test for temporal changes in the reciprocal effects of invaders and the competitor assemblages on each other, and how these depend on the species richness of the assemblages, we harvested plants at three growth stages (weeks 4, 8 and 12). We found that the invaders and competitor assemblages had negative effects on each other. Aboveground biomass of invaders was reduced by the presence of a competitor assemblage, irrespective of its species richness, and this difference gradually increased over time. Alien invaders accumulated more aboveground biomass than the native invaders, but only after 12 weeks of growth. Meanwhile, the invaders also negatively affected the biomass of the competitor assemblages. For multi-species assemblages, the increase in the negative effect of the presence of the invader occurred mainly between weeks 4 and 8, whereas it happened mainly between weeks 8 and 12 for the one-species assemblages. Our results suggest that although alien invaders are more competitive than native invaders, the competitive effects of the invaders on and their responses to native competitor assemblages changed over time, irrespective of the origin of the invaders.
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2
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Andrikou-Charitidou A, Kallimanis A. The different facets of native bird diversity (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) as predictors of alien birds increasing richness and expanding range in Great Britain. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2021.103750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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3
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Carr AN, Hooper DU, Dukes JS. Long‐term propagule pressure overwhelms initial community determination of invader success. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Carr
- Biology Department Western Washington University Bellingham Washington 98225 USA
| | - David U. Hooper
- Biology Department Western Washington University Bellingham Washington 98225 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Department of Biological Sciences Purdue Climate Change Research Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
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4
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Smith NS, Côté IM. Multiple drivers of contrasting diversity–invasibility relationships at fine spatial grains. Ecology 2019; 100:e02573. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola S. Smith
- Earth to Oceans Research Group Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Isabelle M. Côté
- Earth to Oceans Research Group Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
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5
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Biodiversity influences invasion success of a facultative epiphytic seaweed in a marine forest. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Albano PG, Gallmetzer I, Haselmair A, Tomašových A, Stachowitsch M, Zuschin M. Historical ecology of a biological invasion: the interplay of eutrophication and pollution determines time lags in establishment and detection. Biol Invasions 2017; 20:1417-1430. [PMID: 29805296 PMCID: PMC5959955 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human disturbance modifies selection regimes, depressing native species fitness and enabling the establishment of non-indigenous species with suitable traits. A major impediment to test the effect of disturbance on invasion success is the lack of long-term data on the history of invasions. Here, we overcome this problem and reconstruct the effect of disturbance on the invasion of the bivalve Anadara transversa from sediment cores in the Adriatic Sea. We show that (1) the onset of major eutrophication in the 1970s shifted communities towards species tolerating hypoxia, and (2) A. transversa was introduced in the 1970s but failed to reach reproductive size until the late 1990s because of metal contamination, resulting in an establishment and detection lag of ~25 years. Subfossil assemblages enabled us to (1) disentangle the distinct stages of invasion, (2) quantify time-lags and (3) finely reconstruct the interaction between environmental factors and the invasion process, showing that while disturbance does promote invasions, a synergism of multiple disturbances can shift selection regimes beyond tolerance limits and induce significant time lags in establishment. The quantification of these time lags enabled us to reject the hypothesis that aquaculture was an initial vector of introduction, making shipping the most probable source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo G. Albano
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivo Gallmetzer
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Haselmair
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adam Tomašových
- Geological Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska Cesta 9, 84005 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michael Stachowitsch
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Center of Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Zuschin
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Tarasi DD, Peet RK. The native-exotic species richness relationship varies with spatial grain of measurement and environmental conditions. Ecology 2017; 98:3086-3095. [PMID: 28940358 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biological invasions can have dramatic impacts on communities and biodiversity, and are critical considerations in conservation and management decisions. We present a novel analysis to determine how exotic species success varies with community richness and scale of measurement. Using 5,022 plots representing natural vegetation of the Carolinas, we calculated native and exotic species richness of all vascular plants at five grain sizes. To avoid spatial pseudoreplication, we randomly selected unique subplots from each larger plot, re-selecting 100 times to develop an empirical distribution of the native-exotic richness relationship (NERR). Because observed NERRs vary with spatial scale, we developed separate scale-specific null-model distributions to compare to the empirical data. For each spatial scale, we compared the empirical distribution of 100 slopes to the null distribution containing 99 permutations of species origin per empirical slope. We also analyzed the dataset according to broad assignments corresponding to environmental conditions, using the formation type assigned to each community. The plots followed across most scales the general trend that exotic richness increases with native richness. At the smallest scale, however, the NERR was negative. The slope of the NERR is significantly higher than the null model at the largest observed scale and significantly lower than the null model at the smallest two observed scales. The NERR for most formations follows the general pattern with scale for the entire dataset. Warm temperate forests expressed essentially 0 slope at the largest spatial grain, decreasing to a negative relationship at 1 m2 and smaller. Temperate freshwater marshes and wet meadows and shrublands expressed a positive relationship at all spatial grains, demonstrating that unique environmental and biogeographic conditions differentially affect exotic species. Further, these results indicate that exotic species are unevenly distributed across natural communities and that community assembly processes vary with scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis D Tarasi
- Curriculum for the Environment & Ecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3280, USA.,Department of Sciences and Mathematics, Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College, Saint Mary of the Woods, Indiana, 47876, USA
| | - Robert K Peet
- Curriculum for the Environment & Ecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3280, USA.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3280, USA
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8
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Yuan ZY, Jiao F, Shi XR, Sardans J, Maestre FT, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Reich PB, Peñuelas J. Experimental and observational studies find contrasting responses of soil nutrients to climate change. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28570219 PMCID: PMC5453695 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulative experiments and observations along environmental gradients, the two most common approaches to evaluate the impacts of climate change on nutrient cycling, are generally assumed to produce similar results, but this assumption has rarely been tested. We did so by conducting a meta-analysis and found that soil nutrients responded differentially to drivers of climate change depending on the approach considered. Soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations generally decreased with water addition in manipulative experiments but increased with annual precipitation along environmental gradients. Different patterns were also observed between warming experiments and temperature gradients. Our findings provide evidence of inconsistent results and suggest that manipulative experiments may be better predictors of the causal impacts of short-term (months to years) climate change on soil nutrients but environmental gradients may provide better information for long-term correlations (centuries to millennia) between these nutrients and climatic features. Ecosystem models should consequently incorporate both experimental and observational data to properly assess the impacts of climate change on nutrient cycling. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23255.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
| | - F Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
| | - X R Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, Australia.,Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, United States
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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9
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Temporal changes in native-exotic richness correlations during early post-fire succession. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Burns KC. Native-exotic richness relationships: a biogeographic approach using turnover in island plant populations. Ecology 2016; 97:2932-2938. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Burns
- School of Biological Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; P.O. Box 600 Wellington New Zealand
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11
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Fitzgerald DB, Tobler M, Winemiller KO. From richer to poorer: successful invasion by freshwater fishes depends on species richness of donor and recipient basins. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:2440-2450. [PMID: 26582547 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for the theory of biotic resistance is equivocal, with experiments often finding a negative relationship between invasion success and native species richness, and large-scale comparative studies finding a positive relationship. Biotic resistance derives from local species interactions, yet global and regional studies often analyze data at coarse spatial grains. In addition, differences in competitive environments across regions may confound tests of biotic resistance based solely on native species richness of the invaded community. Using global and regional data sets for fishes in river and stream reaches, we ask two questions: (1) does a negative relationship exist between native and non-native species richness and (2) do non-native species originate from higher diversity systems. A negative relationship between native and non-native species richness in local assemblages was found at the global scale, while regional patterns revealed the opposite trend. At both spatial scales, however, nearly all non-native species originated from river basins with higher native species richness than the basin of the invaded community. Together, these findings imply that coevolved ecological interactions in species-rich systems inhibit establishment of generalist non-native species from less diverse communities. Consideration of both the ecological and evolutionary aspects of community assembly is critical to understanding invasion patterns. Distinct evolutionary histories in different regions strongly influence invasion of intact communities that are relatively unimpacted by human actions, and may explain the conflicting relationship between native and non-native species richness found at different spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Fitzgerald
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA
| | - Michael Tobler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kirk O Winemiller
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA
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12
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Hewitt JE, Norkko J, Kauppi L, Villnäs A, Norkko A. Species and functional trait turnover in response to broad‐scale change and an invasive species. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Judi E Hewitt
- Marine Ecology Department HamiltonNational Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Hamilton 3251 New Zealand
- Tvärminne Zoological StationUniversity of Helsinki J.A. Palménin tie 260 FI‐10900 Hanko Finland
| | - Joanna Norkko
- Tvärminne Zoological StationUniversity of Helsinki J.A. Palménin tie 260 FI‐10900 Hanko Finland
| | - Laura Kauppi
- Tvärminne Zoological StationUniversity of Helsinki J.A. Palménin tie 260 FI‐10900 Hanko Finland
| | - Anna Villnäs
- Tvärminne Zoological StationUniversity of Helsinki J.A. Palménin tie 260 FI‐10900 Hanko Finland
| | - Alf Norkko
- Tvärminne Zoological StationUniversity of Helsinki J.A. Palménin tie 260 FI‐10900 Hanko Finland
- Marine Research CentreFinnish Environment Institute FI‐00251 Helsinki Finland
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13
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Guo Q, Fei S, Dukes JS, Oswalt CM, III BVI, Potter KM. A unified approach for quantifying invasibility and degree of invasion. Ecology 2015; 96:2613-21. [DOI: 10.1890/14-2172.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Guo Q, Olden JD. Spatial scaling of non-native fish richness across the United States. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97727. [PMID: 24844226 PMCID: PMC4028219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal and challenge of invasion ecology is to describe and interpret spatial and temporal patterns of species invasions. Here, we examined fish invasion patterns at four spatially structured and hierarchically nested scales across the contiguous United States (i.e., from large to small: region, basin, watershed, and sub-watershed). All spatial relationships in both richness and fraction between species groups (e.g., natives vs. exotics) were positive at large scales. However, contrary to predictions using null/neutral models, the patterns at small scales were hump-shaped (unimodal), not simply negative. The fractions of both domestic (introduced among watersheds within the USA) and foreign (introduced from abroad) exotics increased with area across scales but decreased within each scale. The foreign exotics exhibited the highest dominance (lowest evenness) and spatial variation in distribution, followed by domestic exotics and natives, although on average natives still occupy larger areas than domestic and foreign exotics. The results provide new insight into patterns and mechanisms of fish species invasions at multiple spatial scales in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfeng Guo
- USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Asheville, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Julian D. Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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