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Vázquez-Castillo S, Miranda-Jácome A, Ruelas Inzunza E. Influence of the nurse-protégé interaction on the frugivory pattern of the columnar cactus Pilosocereus leucocephalus. Oecologia 2023:10.1007/s00442-023-05407-9. [PMID: 37380736 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Nurse plants provide benefits during the early life cycle of the protected plant by reducing the intensity of stressful abiotic conditions. However, nurse plants may influence frugivore visitation and consumption, affecting the initial benefits of this interaction and generating different frugivory patterns during the reproductive phase of the protégé. Despite the importance of nurse plants and frugivory in the structure and composition of ecosystems, they have rarely been evaluated together, and frugivory patterns caused by nurse plants at different spatial and temporal scales are mostly unknown. Pilosocereus leucocephalus produces seeds that are endozoochorically dispersed by birds and mammals, can establish in open spaces devoid of arboreal vegetation (OS), and is associated with the nurse tree Lysiloma acapulcensis. However, the influence of L. acapulcensis on the frugivory patterns of P. leucocephalus is unknown. Therefore, during the fruiting season of P. leucocephalus of 2018, we recorded the visitation rates, effective removal, and removal timescales in 26 individuals located in OS and 15 under L. acapulcensis. Our results indicate that L. acapulcensis increased visits by Euphonia hirundinacea and bats but decreased those of Psilorhinus morio and Campylorhynchus rufinucha. Although L. acapulcensis did not generate differences in fruit removal effectiveness, bats showed the highest effectiveness in OS, followed by birds. L. acapulcensis also had an effect on the fruit removal periods of different frugivorous species at different temporal scales. This shows that the nurse tree generated a complex pattern of frugivory in P. leucocephalus, mainly increasing the initial benefits of the nurse-protégé interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamira Vázquez-Castillo
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. de las Culturas Veracruzanas No. 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, C.P. 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Antonio Miranda-Jácome
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Ánimas, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. de las Culturas Veracruzanas No. 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, C.P. 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Du XD, Wang J, Shen C, Wang J, Jing Z, Huang LN, Luo ZH, Ge Y. Increased Leaf Bacterial Network Complexity along the Native Plant Diversity Gradient Facilitates Plant Invasion? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1406. [PMID: 36987094 PMCID: PMC10052042 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of biological invasion is critical to biodiversity protection. Previous studies have produced inconsistent relationships between native species richness and invasibility, referred to as the invasion paradox. Although facilitative interactions among species have been proposed to explain the non-negative diversity-invasibility relationship, little is known about the facilitation of plant-associated microbes in invasions. We established a two-year field biodiversity experiment with a native plant species richness gradient (1, 2, 4, or 8 species) and analyzed the effects of community structure and network complexity of leaf bacteria on invasion success. Our results indicated a positive relationship between invasibility and network complexity of leaf bacteria of the invader. Consistent with previous studies, we also found that native plant species richness increased the leaf bacterial diversity and network complexity. Moreover, the results of the leaf bacteria community assembly of the invader suggested that the complex bacteria community resulted from higher native diversity rather than higher invader biomass. We concluded that increased leaf bacterial network complexity along the native plant diversity gradient likely facilitated plant invasion. Our findings provided evidence of a potential mechanism by which microbes may affect the plant community invasibility, hopefully helping to explain the non-negative relationship between native diversity and invasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Deng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Congcong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jichen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongwang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Nan Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhen-Hao Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Fox LR, Potts SE. Herbivory mediates direct and indirect interactions in long‐unburned chaparral. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurel R. Fox
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Stephen E. Potts
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
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4
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Erfanian MB, Memariani F, Atashgahi Z, Mesdaghi M, Saeedi M, Darrudi M, Hamedian M, Hosseini S, Ejtehadi H. Unpalatable plants induce a species-specific associational effect on neighboring communities. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14380. [PMID: 34257345 PMCID: PMC8277879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In grazing conditions, unpalatable species may induce either associational defense or neighbor contrast susceptibility in neighboring communities. Using surveys from eight grasslands, we tested whether various unpalatable species have the same impacts on neighboring communities in response to grazing. The studied unpalatable species were: Phlomis cancellata (an unpalatable nonpoisonous plant), Euphorbia boissieriana, E. microsciadia (poisonous plants), and Seseli transcaucasicum (a highly poisonous plant). Our results showed that, in the ungrazed grasslands, communities containing P. cancellata had lower biodiversity than communities without it. In the moderately- and heavily grazed grasslands, P. cancellata induced associational defense in the neighboring communities. In heavily grazed grasslands, both Euphorbia species promoted neighbor contrast susceptibility in the neighboring communities. Similarly, S. transcaucasicum in a heavily grazed grassland, induced neighbor contrast susceptibility. Different responses of plant community vulnerability among the studied unpalatable plants might be due to herbivore different foraging decisions. Accordingly, grazers selectively choose from other patches when facing P. cancellata and other plant individuals when there is a poisonous plant in a patch. Our results suggested that grazing intensity may not substantially affect the foraging decisions of sheep and goats in response to unpalatable species. We recommend monitoring the abundance of poisonous species to maintain the sustainable use of grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Erfanian
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO BOX 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshid Memariani
- Herbarium FUMH, Department of Botany, Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zohreh Atashgahi
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO BOX 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mansour Mesdaghi
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maliheh Saeedi
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO BOX 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Darrudi
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO BOX 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maliheh Hamedian
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO BOX 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeede Hosseini
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO BOX 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Ejtehadi
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO BOX 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran.
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5
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Lortie CJ, Filazzola A, Brown C, Lucero J, Zuliani M, Ghazian N, Haas S, Owen M, Butterfield HS, Nix E, Westphal M. Facilitation promotes plant invasions and indirect negative interactions. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jacob Lucero
- Dept of Biology, York Univ. Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Montana Missoula USA
| | | | | | | | - Malory Owen
- Dept of Biology, York Univ. Toronto ON Canada
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Simmons BI, Beckerman AP, Hansen K, Maruyama PK, Televantos C, Vizentin‐Bugoni J, Dalsgaard B. Niche and neutral processes leave distinct structural imprints on indirect interactions in mutualistic networks. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benno I. Simmons
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Andrew P. Beckerman
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Katrine Hansen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Pietro K. Maruyama
- Centro de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação Departamento de Genética Ecologia e Evolução ICBUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais – MG Brazil
| | - Constantinos Televantos
- Molecular Immunity Unit Department of Medicine MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Jeferson Vizentin‐Bugoni
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL USA
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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7
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Zhang Z, Liu Y, Brunel C, van Kleunen M. Soil-microorganism-mediated invasional meltdown in plants. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1612-1621. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Zukowski N, Kirk D, Wadhawan K, Shea D, Start D, Krkošek M. Predators can influence the host-parasite dynamics of their prey via nonconsumptive effects. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:6714-6722. [PMID: 32724544 PMCID: PMC7381593 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological communities are partly structured by indirect interactions, where one species can indirectly affect another by altering its interactions with a third species. In the absence of direct predation, nonconsumptive effects of predators on prey have important implications for subsequent community interactions. To better understand these interactions, we used a Daphnia-parasite-predator cue system to evaluate if predation risk affects Daphnia responses to a parasite. We investigated the effects of predator cues on two aspects of host-parasite interactions (susceptibility to infection and infection intensity), and whether or not these effects differed between sexes. Our results show that changes in response to predator cues caused an increase in the prevalence and intensity of parasite infections in female predator-exposed Daphnia. Importantly, the magnitude of infection risk depended on how long Daphnia were exposed to the cues. Additionally, heavily infected Daphnia that were constantly exposed to cues produced relatively more offspring. While males were ~5× less likely to become infected compared to females, we were unable to detect effects of predator cues on male Daphnia-parasite interactions. In sum, predators, prey, and their parasites can form complex subnetworks in food webs, necessitating a nuanced understanding of how nonconsumptive effects may mediate these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Zukowski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- School of Public Health, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Devin Kirk
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Kiran Wadhawan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Dylan Shea
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Denon Start
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Center for Population BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Martin Krkošek
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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9
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Morris EC, Watson PJ. Fire frequency effects in a grassy woodland: Trees and grasses. AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Charles Morris
- School of Science Western Sydney University Hawkesbury Campus PO Box 1797 Penrith New South Wales 2750 Australia
| | - Penny J. Watson
- School of Science Western Sydney University Hawkesbury Campus PO Box 1797 Penrith New South Wales 2750 Australia
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10
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Changes in local free-living parasite populations in response to cleaner manipulation over 12 years. Oecologia 2019; 190:783-797. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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11
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Woods NN, McCarthy R, Miriti MN. Non‐hierarchical competition among co‐occurring woody seedlings in a resource‐limited environment. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N. Woods
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University 318 W. 12th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43214 USA
| | - Ryan McCarthy
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University 318 W. 12th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43214 USA
| | - Maria N. Miriti
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University 318 W. 12th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43214 USA
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12
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Cameron EK, Sundqvist MK, Keith SA, CaraDonna PJ, Mousing EA, Nilsson KA, Metcalfe DB, Classen AT. Uneven global distribution of food web studies under climate change. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erin K. Cameron
- The Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate The Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Maja K. Sundqvist
- The Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate The Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University 901 87 Umeå Sweden
| | - Sally A. Keith
- The Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate The Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Paul J. CaraDonna
- The Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate The Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe Illinois 60022 USA
| | - Erik A. Mousing
- The Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate The Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Institute of Marine Research, Ecosystem Processes Bergen Norway
| | - Karin A. Nilsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University 901 87 Umeå Sweden
| | - Daniel B. Metcalfe
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Sölvegatan 12 SE 223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Aimée T. Classen
- The Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate The Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
- The Gund Institute for Environment University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
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13
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Vaz PG, Bugalho MN, Fedriani JM, Branco M, Lecomte X, Nogueira C, Caldeira MC. Unravelling associations between tree-seedling performance, herbivory, competition, and facilitation in high nature value farmlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 232:1066-1074. [PMID: 33395758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbivory, plant facilitation, and competition have complex impacts on tree regeneration which are seldom investigated together. Grazing exclosure experiments have allowed quantification of the effects of large herbivores on tree regeneration dynamics but have often ignored the effect of herbivorous insects. We experimentally tested how folivory (percentage of leaf damaged by insects) and microenvironment (tree canopy cover and herbs) jointly alter performance (growth and survival) of seedlings of two dominant Mediterranean oak-species within ungulate exclosures in a 3-year field study. An agroforestry system dominated by cork oak (Quercus suber) and holm oak (Q. rotundifolia) was assessed in south-east Portugal. We aimed also to determine whether the two oak species differed in the interdependences between folivory, microenvironment, covaring factors, and seedling performance. Unexpectedly, under the low-moderate insect defoliation, growth and survival of cork and holm oak seedlings were positively associated with herbivore damage. Herb removal increased oak folivory by 1.4 times. Herb removal was also positively associated with growth, directly and indirectly through its negative effect on oak folivory. Tree canopy favored insect folivory upon cork oak seedlings directly and upon holm oak indirectly via decreasing light availability. Folivory was threefold greater upon cork than upon holm oak-seedlings. Our study shows that tree canopy, herbs, and covarying factors can affect cork and holm oak-seedling performances through complex pathways, which markedly differ for the two species. The combined effect of insect herbivory and positive and negative plant-plant interactions need to be integrated into future tree regeneration efforts toward tackling the regeneration crisis of oak agroforestry systems of the Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro G Vaz
- Centre of Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN- InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre of Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN- InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M Fedriani
- Centre of Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN- InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal; Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), c/Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuela Branco
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Xavier Lecomte
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Nogueira
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Montagano L, Leroux SJ, Giroux M, Lecomte N. The strength of ecological subsidies across ecosystems: a latitudinal gradient of direct and indirect impacts on food webs. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:265-274. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Montagano
- Department of Biology Université de Moncton Moncton New BrunswickE1A 3E9 Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology and Centre d’études nordiques Université de Moncton Moncton New Brunswick E1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Shawn J. Leroux
- Department of Biology Memorial University St‐John's, Newfoundland and LabradorA1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Marie‐Andrée Giroux
- K.‐C.‐Irving Chair in Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development Université de Moncton Moncton New BrunswickE1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Nicolas Lecomte
- Department of Biology Université de Moncton Moncton New BrunswickE1A 3E9 Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology and Centre d’études nordiques Université de Moncton Moncton New Brunswick E1A 3E9 Canada
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15
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Gerhold P, Carlucci MB, Procheş Ş, Prinzing A. The Deep Past Controls the Phylogenetic Structure of Present, Local Communities. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coexisting species may be evolutionarily proximate or distant, resulting in phylogenetically poor or rich communities. This variation is often considered to result from present assembly processes. We argue that, under certain conditions, deep-past processes might control the phylogenetic diversity of communities. First, deep-past effects involve macroevolutionary processes, such as diversification rate, niche conservatism, or dispersal, in the lineages that constitute communities. Second, deep-past processes in the respective region or in the habitat type play a role, for instance, through age, area, stability, or connectivity. Third, the deep past may affect communities via trophic interactions (i.e., communities of enemies or mutualists or communities of hosts). We suggest that deep-past effects can be identified in local communities by measuring phylogenetic diversity in different species pools. We also show how community phylogenetic diversity results in positive or negative eco-evolutionary feedback, and we identify present-day conservation challenges that may profit from a deep-time perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pille Gerhold
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Marcos B. Carlucci
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531–980, Brazil
| | - Şerban Procheş
- Discipline of Geography, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Andreas Prinzing
- Research Unit “Ecosystèmes Biodiversité, Evolution,” University of Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6553 “Ecobio,” Rennes 35042, France
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16
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Simmons BI, Cirtwill AR, Baker NJ, Wauchope HS, Dicks LV, Stouffer DB, Sutherland WJ. Motifs in bipartite ecological networks: uncovering indirect interactions. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benno I. Simmons
- Dept of Zoology, Univ. of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street; Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK
| | - Alyssa R. Cirtwill
- Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping Univ; Linköping Sweden
| | - Nick J. Baker
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Hannah S. Wauchope
- Dept of Zoology, Univ. of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street; Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK
| | - Lynn V. Dicks
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of East Anglia; UK
| | - Daniel B. Stouffer
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - William J. Sutherland
- Dept of Zoology, Univ. of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street; Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK
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17
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Seabloom EW, Borer ET, Kinkel LL. No evidence for trade-offs in plant responses to consumer food web manipulations. Ecology 2018; 99:1953-1963. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric W. Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior; University of Minnesota; St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Elizabeth T. Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior; University of Minnesota; St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Linda L. Kinkel
- Department of Plant Pathology; University of Minnesota; St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
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Metcalfe DB, Hermans TDG, Ahlstrand J, Becker M, Berggren M, Björk RG, Björkman MP, Blok D, Chaudhary N, Chisholm C, Classen AT, Hasselquist NJ, Jonsson M, Kristensen JA, Kumordzi BB, Lee H, Mayor JR, Prevéy J, Pantazatou K, Rousk J, Sponseller RA, Sundqvist MK, Tang J, Uddling J, Wallin G, Zhang W, Ahlström A, Tenenbaum DE, Abdi AM. Patchy field sampling biases understanding of climate change impacts across the Arctic. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1443-1448. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Filazzola A, Sotomayor DA, Lortie CJ. Modelling the niche space of desert annuals needs to include positive interactions. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Filazzola
- Dept of Biology; York Univ.; 4700 Keele Street Toronto ON, M3J 1P3 Canada
- Dept of Geography; York Univ.; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Diego A. Sotomayor
- Dept of Biology; York Univ.; 4700 Keele Street Toronto ON, M3J 1P3 Canada
- Dept of Geography; York Univ.; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Christopher J. Lortie
- Dept of Biology; York Univ.; 4700 Keele Street Toronto ON, M3J 1P3 Canada
- Dept of Geography; York Univ.; Toronto ON Canada
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20
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Segraves KA. The effects of genome duplications in a community context. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:57-69. [PMID: 28418074 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contents 57 I. 57 II. 59 III. 59 IV. 63 V. 64 VI. 64 VII. 66 66 References 66 SUMMARY: Whole-genome duplication (WGD), or polyploidy, has important effects on the genotype and phenotype of plants, potentially altering ecological interactions with other organisms. Even though the connections between polyploidy and species interactions have been recognized for some time, we are only just beginning to test whether WGD affects community context. Here I review the sparse information on polyploidy and community context and then present a set of hypotheses for future work. Thus far, community-level studies of polyploids suggest an array of outcomes, from no changes in community context to shifts in the abundance and composition of interacting species. I propose a number of mechanisms for how WGD could alter community context and how the emergence of polyploids in populations could also alter the community context of parental diploids and other plant species. Resolving how and when these changes are expected to occur will require a deeper understanding of the connections among WGD, phenotypic changes, and the direct and indirect effects of species interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari A Segraves
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
- Archbold Biological Station, Venus, FL, 33960, USA
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Borgström P, Strengbom J, Marini L, Viketoft M, Bommarco R. Above- and belowground insect herbivory modifies the response of a grassland plant community to nitrogen eutrophication. Ecology 2017; 98:545-554. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Borgström
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Ulls väg 16 75651 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Joachim Strengbom
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Ulls väg 16 75651 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Marini
- DAFNAE; University of Padova; Viale dell'Università 16 35020 Legnaro Padua Italy
| | - Maria Viketoft
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Ulls väg 16 75651 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Ulls väg 16 75651 Uppsala Sweden
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Borgström P, Strengbom J, Viketoft M, Bommarco R. Aboveground insect herbivory increases plant competitive asymmetry, while belowground herbivory mitigates the effect. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1867. [PMID: 27069805 PMCID: PMC4824911 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect herbivores can shift the composition of a plant community, but the mechanism underlying such shifts remains largely unexplored. A possibility is that insects alter the competitive symmetry between plant species. The effect of herbivory on competition likely depends on whether the plants are subjected to aboveground or belowground herbivory or both, and also depends on soil nitrogen levels. It is unclear how these biotic and abiotic factors interactively affect competition. In a greenhouse experiment, we measured competition between two coexisting grass species that respond differently to nitrogen deposition: Dactylis glomerata L., which is competitively favoured by nitrogen addition, and Festuca rubra L., which is competitively favoured on nitrogen-poor soils. We predicted: (1) that aboveground herbivory would reduce competitive asymmetry at high soil nitrogen by reducing the competitive advantage of D. glomerata; and (2), that belowground herbivory would relax competition at low soil nitrogen, by reducing the competitive advantage of F. rubra. Aboveground herbivory caused a 46% decrease in the competitive ability of F. rubra, and a 23% increase in that of D. glomerata, thus increasing competitive asymmetry, independently of soil nitrogen level. Belowground herbivory did not affect competitive symmetry, but the combined influence of above- and belowground herbivory was weaker than predicted from their individual effects. Belowground herbivory thus mitigated the increased competitive asymmetry caused by aboveground herbivory. D. glomerata remained competitively dominant after the cessation of aboveground herbivory, showing that the influence of herbivory continued beyond the feeding period. We showed that insect herbivory can strongly influence plant competitive interactions. In our experimental plant community, aboveground insect herbivory increased the risk of competitive exclusion of F. rubra. Belowground herbivory appeared to mitigate the influence of aboveground herbivory, and this mechanism may play a role for plant species coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Borgström
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Joachim Strengbom
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Maria Viketoft
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
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Kwok ABC, Eldridge DJ. The influence of shrub species and fine-scale plant density on arthropods in a semiarid shrubland. RANGELAND JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/rj15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant-resident arthropods are closely tied to the distribution of their hosts across multiple spatial scales. Shrubs provide habitat for a range of arthropods, and variations within shrubland ecosystems may affect arthropod communities. We examined the role of shrub species and density in structuring arthropod communities in an encroached Australian woodland using two common and widespread shrub species, Turpentine (Eremophila sturtii) and Silver Cassia (Senna artemisioides subsp. filifolia). We found five times more arthropods (Psocoptera, Collembola and Hemiptera) on Eremophila compared with Senna. Furthermore, Psyllidae were found only on Eremophila. In total we recorded 39 Hemipteran species; 13 from Eremophila, 16 from Senna and 10 common to both shrub species. Each shrub species supported a unique arthropod assemblage, even though they grow in close proximity (<15 m). In contrast, we found limited effects of fine-scale plant density, with plants growing in low and high density supporting similar arthropod communities. Our study indicated that isolated shrubs in these woodlands support a variety of arthropods, and shrub species is a more important driver of arthropod community structure than fine-scale density.
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