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Bazo-Alvarez JC, Copez-Lonzoy A, Ipanaqué-Zapata M, Bazalar-Palacios J, Rivera EL, Flores-Ramos EC. Witnessing inter-parental violence in childhood and help-seeking behaviours in violence against women in Peru. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1022. [PMID: 38609932 PMCID: PMC11015581 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against women (VAW) severely impacts their physical and mental health. In some cultures, women can normalize certain types of violence if they were linked to home models in childhood and, eventually, do not seek for help in adulthood. We aimed to determine, in Peruvian women, (1) the association between witnessing violence in their family of origin and VAW experienced in adulthood, (2) the extent to which women who have experienced VAW seek some help, and (3) identify VAW prevalence by Peruvian region. METHODS Cross-sectional study of secondary data obtained from the 2019 National Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). The outcome was VAW (psychological, physical and sexual violence), whereas the exposure was witnessing violence in the home of origin. Help-seeking behavior was a secondary outcome, for which VAW was the exposure. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated to assess both associations, unadjusted and adjusted for covariates (aPR). RESULTS Data from 14,256 women aged 15 to 49 years were analysed. 51.5% reported having experienced VAW and 43.8% witnessed violence in the home of origin during childhood. Witnessing inter-parental violence in childhood was associated with psychological violence aPR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.17-1.33), physical aPR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.38-1.67), and sexual aPR = 1.99 (95% CI: 1.57-2.52). Women who have experienced both types of violence (physical and sexual) were more likely to help-seeking (aPR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.14-1.50) than women suffering only one type of violence. CONCLUSION Women who reported having witnessed home violence in their childhood are more likely to experience Violence Against Women (VAW) by their current partner. Physical and sexual violence with a current partner was more associated with witnessing inter-parental violence in childhood, and when physical and sexual violence jointly occurred women were more help-seeking. The southern region of Peru is identified as an area of high vulnerability for women. It is crucial to promote educative and community-based programs aimed at the prevention and early recognition of VAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo, Peru.
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Anthony Copez-Lonzoy
- Unidad de Investigación en Bibliometría, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | | | - Elaine C Flores-Ramos
- Centre on Climate Change & Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Stanford Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford, USA
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Meneses AY, Galárraga A, Poenitz A, Jodar M. Mental Health and Quality of Life in Ecuadorian Women Exposed to Gender-Based Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241234357. [PMID: 38501666 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241234357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Violence Against Women is a global problem that affects millions of women around the world. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the Mental Health and Quality of Life of Ecuadorian women exposed or not exposed to Gender Violence mediated by sociodemographic factors. A total of 433 Ecuadorian women, 18 to 64 years of age, most of whom (69%) reported being exposed to gender violence. Most of the women lived in the province of Pichincha and were selected through a type of nonprobabilistic sampling based on a survey about gender violence. Women exposed to gender violence showed a greater impact on personality profiles, clinical tests, and quality of life in the physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains compared to women not exposed to violence. In addition, these effects were mediated by age, economic level, education, marital status, and exposure to physical violence and psychological or sexual abuse within the socio-family or work contexts. The results of this study could contribute to improving public health systems, showing improvements in care programs for victims of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Poenitz
- Universidad Tecnológica Israel, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mercè Jodar
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació e Innovació Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
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Carmona-Torres JM, Rodríguez-Borrego MA, Rodríguez-Muñoz PM, Cobo-Cuenca AI, Laredo-Aguilera JA, López-Soto PJ. Formal and Informal Services Used by Women Who Suffer Intimate Partner Violence in Spain. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2023; 38:358-374. [PMID: 37348958 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important public health problem. Female victims of IPV do not always use the institutional resources available to them. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Spanish 2014 Macro-Survey on Violence Against Women. The findings show that 15% of the survey participants suffered from IPV in the last year. The factors associated with a higher probability of suffering IPV are being of non-Spanish nationality, being a student, having a low-educational level, having no income, being the household head, and not having a current partner. Regarding the resources used by women subjected to IPV, almost half resorted to informal sources, such as female friends and/or their own mothers. The use of formal resources was low. Therefore, IPV continues to be a problem in Spain that seems to remain in the private domain. Consequently, it is necessary to increase the availability of and access to legal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería de Toledo, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados (IMCU), Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pedro Manuel Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería de Toledo, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados (IMCU), Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - José Alberto Laredo-Aguilera
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería de Toledo, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados (IMCU), Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Pablo Jesús López-Soto
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Zainiddinov H. Contextual Factors Associated With Women's Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence in Tajikistan: Findings From the 2012 and 2017 Demographic and Health Surveys. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:112-133. [PMID: 35443834 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221079371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The study employed data from the 2012 and 2017 Tajikistan Demographic and Health Surveys to examine two time periods on media access, interview setting, and sociodemographic predictors of intimate partner violence (IPV) justification attitudes among representative samples of women aged 15-49 years old (9,656 and 10,718 women, respectively) in Tajikistan. The odds of justifying IPV were higher for women who had access to radio and lower for those who had access to newspaper and television. The presence of the husband and other women during the interview was associated with lower justification of IPV. The findings emphasize the importance of contextual factors in developing effective IPV intervention policies.
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Masa'Deh R, AlMomani MM, Masadeh OM, Jarrah S, Al Ali N. Determinants of husbands' violence against women in Jordan. Nurs Forum 2022; 57:421-428. [PMID: 35106765 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of abuse against women. It comes in the form of physical, sexual, emotional, and controlling behaviors abuse, and affects women's physical and psychological well-being. Perceived social support decreases IPV risk. PURPOSE This study explores the determinants of IPV in J society. METHOD One hundred and eighty-seven women exposed to IPV were recruited from J Women Unions to take part in this cross-sectional prospective quantitative design, administering the Arabic version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (AVMSPSS) to 187, who also answered the demographic characteristics data sheet. RESULTS Almost 83% of participants perceived that they received lower to moderate PSS. Based on multiple regression, determinants of IPV were PSS, followed by participant education, husband education, participant age, and financial income (p < .001). The number of children and parental level of education showed no statistical significance. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the importance of social support systems among IPV women. Alongside socioeconomic development continuing to increase education among both men and women, there is a need to increase societal awareness and foster social support systems to prevent violence against women and offer resources to affected women, targeted at the most at-risk age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Masa'Deh
- School of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Omayma M Masadeh
- Psychological and Educational Counseling, Relief International, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samiha Jarrah
- School of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nahla Al Ali
- Community and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Cruz MCRDL, Alarco JJ. Women who experience child abuse are more likely to be victims of intimate partner violence in Peru. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2021; 24:e210058. [PMID: 34787229 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720210058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the association between child abuse and intimate partner violence victimization among married or cohabiting Peruvian women aged 18 years old or older. METHODS Cross-sectional study analyzing secondary data from the National Survey on Social Relationships 2015. To find the association between child abuse and intimate partner violence victimization, a multinomial logistic regression adjusted for possible confounding variables was performed. RESULTS Data from 1,084 married and cohabiting women were included. The prevalence of child abuse was 49.6% (95%CI 45.8-53.3) and the prevalence of intimate partner violence victimization was 64.2% (95%CI 60.5-67.8). An association was found between child abuse and intimate partner violence victimization (relative risk ratios 5.72, 95%CI 3.71-8.83). CONCLUSION Married or cohabiting women in Peru who experienced childhood maltreatment are more likely to experience intimate partner violence in adulthood .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Jhonnel Alarco
- Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur - Lima, Perú
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Auchynnikava A, Habibov N. Women's decision-making autonomy and utilization of antenatal, natal and post-natal healthcare services: Insights from Tajikistan's national surveys. Int J Health Plann Manage 2020; 36:158-172. [PMID: 32974971 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this article is to investigate the link between women's autonomy and their utilization of antenatal, natal and post-natal healthcare services in Tajikistan. Previous studies focused only on a single dimension of such services, for instance, utilization of antenatal care. By contrast, we explore antenatal, natal and post-natal healthcare services utilization using the number of indicator for each of the dimensions. METHODS Data come from two national surveys that were conducted in 2012 and 2017. The target population is women of reproductive age (16-49) who were married or cohabitating with a partner (N = 7540). Several regression models were estimated to quantify association between women's autonomy and the utilization. RESULTS Lack of women's autonomy is associated with a lower probability of: (a) having had at least four antenatal check-ups during pregnancy, (b) beginning first antenatal check-up early, (c) delivering in a healthcare facility, (d) having the skilled attendance during pregnancy, (e) having a mother post-delivery check-up, and (f) having a child post-delivery check-up. The size effect of women's autonomy is stronger than that of well-developed precursors of utilization such as poverty and mothers' education. CONCLUSION Women autonomy should be improved to achieve higher rates of child and maternal healthcare utilization. Studies of maternal and child healthcare utilization should control explicitly for women's autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazim Habibov
- School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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