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Marçal KE. Patterns and predictors of material hardship among poor families with children. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:1901-1916. [PMID: 36511430 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Experiences of material hardship vary across poor families, but little is understood about this variability. The present study aimed to distinguish subtypes of material hardship as well as which characteristics predict subtypes. Latent class analysis with data from a large, longitudinal study of families with youth children investigated subtypes of material hardship as well as predictors of subtypes. Multinomial logistic regression then predicted class membership used on known housing risk factors maternal IPV victimization, depression, and substance use. Analyses identified three distinct subtypes of material hardship: "Housing Insecure," "Food Insecure," and "Cost-Burdened but Managing." Maternal IPV victimization and depression reduced likelihood of membership in the "Managing" class, but no predictors distinguished families who become food versus housing insecure. Findings suggest widespread financial stress and complex tradeoffs for low-income families, who struggle to afford basic needs. Maternal safety and mental health prove crucial to families' coping abilities. Increased systemic supports targeting specific circumstances may promote stability and prevent more severe hardship.
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Kamali K, Maleki A, Yazdi SAB, Faghihzadeh E, Hoseinzade Z, Hajibabaei M, Sharafi SE, Noorbala AA. The prevalence of violence and its association with mental health among the Iranian population in one year after the outbreak of COVID-19 disease. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:33. [PMID: 36639790 PMCID: PMC9839182 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 spread between and across nearly every country, with considerable negative health consequences. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its association with mental health among Iranians older than 15 years in 2020. METHODS Data was collected through National Mental Health Survey on 24,584 Iranians older than 15 years in 2020. were analyzed to determine the prevalence of violence and its association with mental health. Multi-stage sampling method was used, and data on demographic characteristics and domestic-social violence and mental health (GHQ-28) were collected. Data analysis was administered using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test at a 95% level. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 44.18 ± 16.4 years. The overall prevalence of domestic and social violence was 11.4% and 5.5%, respectively. Verbal violence was the most common type; with 61.8% and 66.8% for domestic and social violence, respectively. A suspected case of mental disorder, female gender, being younger than 25 years, living apart together, unemployment, low education, and history of COVID-19 infection presented a significant association with domestic and social violence (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In comparison to the previous study in 2015, the prevalence of violence has increased. Therefore, domestic and social violence are the social concerns of Iranian society, indicating the necessity of appropriate interventions, particularly for those suspected of mental disorders and young women with low education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koorosh Kamali
- grid.469309.10000 0004 0612 8427Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Azam Maleki
- grid.469309.10000 0004 0612 8427Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Bagheri Yazdi
- grid.415814.d0000 0004 0612 272XDepartment of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Faghihzadeh
- grid.469309.10000 0004 0612 8427Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zarrintaj Hoseinzade
- grid.469309.10000 0004 0612 8427Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Hajibabaei
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elham Sharafi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Noorbala
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Roozbeh Hospital, South Kargar AV., Tehran, 13185/1741, Iran.
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Yalcinoz-Ucan B. Seeking safety from male partner violence in Turkey: Toward a context-informed perspective on women's decisions and actions. FEMINISM & PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09593535221085497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Women's stay/leave decision-making in violent relationships has become a subject of investigation in psychology over the last few decades. Despite making significant contributions to the understanding of how women's psychological processes shape their responses to violence, much of this research has lacked a contextualized approach. The present study aimed to provide a feminist context-informed examination of women's decision-making and safety-seeking processes. Twelve women who had experiences of violence in their marital relationships were interviewed individually. The study was carried out in Istanbul, Turkey, and all participants were socioeconomically disadvantaged women. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used for the data analysis. The results indicated that women's helplessness, beyond being a psychological construct, was a reality shaped by the conditions of marginalization in their lives. More than being related to the experience of psychological trauma, the women's narratives revealed the disempowering barriers associated with the lack of socioeconomic and institutional resources. Under these circumstances, regardless of their decisions to stay or leave, the women underlined their ongoing strategic efforts to ensure their safety, as mainly strengthened by the relational support available to them.
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MacGregor JCD, Naeemzadah N, Oliver CL, Javan T, MacQuarrie BJ, Wathen CN. Women's Experiences of the Intersections of Work and Intimate Partner Violence: A Review of Qualitative Research. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:224-240. [PMID: 32662354 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020933861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of intimate partner violence (IPV) on work, workplaces, and employment are receiving increasing attention from researchers, employers, and policy makers, but research synthesis is needed to develop evidence-based strategies to address the problem. The purpose of this review of qualitative research is to explore abused women's experiences of the intersections of work and IPV, including the range of benefits and drawbacks of work. Multiple search strategies, including systematic database searches by a professional librarian, resulted in 2,306 unique articles that were independently screened for eligibility by two team members. Qualitative research articles were eligible for inclusion and were also required to (1) sample women with past and/or current IPV experience and (2) report results regarding women's experiences or views of the benefits and/or drawbacks of work. Ultimately, 32 qualitative research articles involving 757 women were included and analyzed using thematic synthesis. Results revealed the potential of work to offer survivors a great range of benefits and drawbacks, many of which have received little research attention. The importance of work for women survivors has been emphasized in the literature, often with respect to financial independence facilitating the leaving process. However, our research underscores how the impact of work for many women survivors is not straightforward and, for some, involves a "trade-off" of benefits and drawbacks. Those developing work-related interventions, services (e.g., career counseling), or policies for women who experience IPV should consider the range of benefits and drawbacks in their planning, as "one-size-fits-all" solutions are unlikely to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C D MacGregor
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Najibullah Naeemzadah
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Casey L Oliver
- Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanaz Javan
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara J MacQuarrie
- Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Nadine Wathen
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Deen CM, Restubog SL, Chen Y, Garcia PRJM, He Y, Cayayan PLT. To engage or to quit: Work consequences of intimate partner aggression and the buffering role of career adaptability. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Showalter K, McCloskey RJ. A Qualitative Study of Intimate Partner Violence and Employment Instability. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP12730-NP12755. [PMID: 32009499 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520903140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining employment while suffering from intimate partner violence (IPV) is extremely difficult given the direct and indirect ways abusers disrupt work. The current qualitative study seeks to strategically fill a gap in knowledge regarding survivors' employment instability and gain insight toward creating more supportive workplaces for survivors. Women (N = 19) receiving services for IPV at a Midwest U.S. agency were interviewed about their experiences of employment instability, workplace disruptions (including via technology), and their perceptions of policies and practices that employers use to support employees experiencing abuse. Specifically, the study asks four research questions to address gaps in literature: (a) What are the employment instability experiences of survivors related to IPV, including attendance, hours, and job loss? (b) What are survivors' experiences of workplace disruptions, including with technology? (c) What formal employer policies and practices related to IPV are survivors familiar with? and (d) What workplace supports do IPV survivors perceive to be helpful or harmful? Findings uniquely contribute to existing literature by revealing employment instability among mothers, highlighting the use of technology to disrupt survivors' work, and determining existing policies and procedures that workplaces use to address IPV. Implications for advocates working with survivors as well as employer and state policymakers are discussed.
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Wilcox T, Greenwood M, Pullen A, O’Leary Kelly A, Jones D. Interfaces of domestic violence and organization: Gendered violence and inequality. GENDER WORK AND ORGANIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wathen CN, MacGregor JCD, MacQuarrie BJ. Relationships Among Intimate Partner Violence, Work, and Health. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2018; 33:2268-2290. [PMID: 26792825 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515624236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem, and recent attention has focused on its impact on workers and workplaces. We provide findings from a pan-Canadian online survey on the relationships among IPV, work, and health. In total, 8,429 people completed the survey, 95.5% of them in English and 78.4% female. Reflecting the recruitment strategy, most (95.4%) were currently working, and unionized (81.4%). People with any lifetime IPV experience reported significantly poorer general health, mental health, and quality of life; those with both recent IPV and IPV experience over 12 months ago had the poorest health. Among those who had experienced IPV, about half reported that violence occurred at or near the workplace, and these people generally had poorer health outcomes. Employment status moderated the relationship between IPV exposure and health status, with those who were currently working and had experienced IPV having similar health status to those without IPV experience who were not employed. While there were gender differences in IPV experience, in the impacts of IPV at work, and in health status, gender did not moderate any associations. In this very large data set, we found robust relationships among different kinds of IPV exposure (current, recent, and lifetime), health and quality of life, and employment status, including the potentially protective effect of current employment on health for both women and men. Our findings may have implications for strategies to address IPV in workplaces, and should reinforce emerging evidence that IPV is also an occupational health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nadine Wathen
- 1 Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- 2 PreVAiL Research Network
- 3 Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer C D MacGregor
- 1 Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- 2 PreVAiL Research Network
- 3 Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara J MacQuarrie
- 1 Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- 3 Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, London, Ontario, Canada
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