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Xyrakis N, Aquilina B, McNiece E, Tran T, Waddell C, Suomi A, Pasalich D. Interparental Coercive Control and Child and Family Outcomes: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:22-40. [PMID: 36573654 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221139243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Coercive control (CC) is a core facet of intimate partner violence (IPV) and involves asserting power, dominance, and control over another person. Although the adverse impacts of childhood exposure to interparental IPV have been well documented, the outcomes of childhood exposure to interparental CC have not been systematically examined. This study aimed to address this gap by reviewing available empirical evidence on interparental CC and child and family outcomes. Articles were identified by searching electronic databases using keywords relating to CC, children and parents, and child wellbeing outcomes. The final review included 51 studies that reported on adverse outcomes pertaining to parenting and family relationships (k = 29), child internalizing and externalizing problems (k = 7), social-emotional development (k = 5), and physical/health development (k = 17). Specifically, studies reported that CC was associated with increased parental psychopathology, poorer family functioning, harsher parenting and higher levels of child abuse, strained parent-child relationships, children used as tools and co-victims of CC, increased risk of child internalizing and externalizing problems, limited socializing opportunities, increased bullying, poorer perinatal outcomes, limited access to healthcare, and increased risk of child mortality. Evidence identified CC as a unique contributor to adverse child wellbeing outcomes, independent of exposure to IPV more broadly. Results indicated that the impacts of childhood exposure to CC are complex, far reaching, and, in some cases, devastating. The limitations of the findings, as well as implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakiya Xyrakis
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Ella McNiece
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Thomas Tran
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Connor Waddell
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Aino Suomi
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Dave Pasalich
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Alexander EF, Backes BL, Johnson MD. Evaluating Measures of Intimate Partner Violence Using Consensus-Based Standards of Validity. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:1549-1567. [PMID: 33969760 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211013413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of intimate partner violence (IPV) by mental health, medical, and criminal justice practitioners occurs routinely. The validity of the assessment instrument they use impacts practitioners' ability to judge ongoing risk, establish the type of IPV occurring, protect potential victims, and intervene effectively. Yet, there is no known compendium of existing assessment measures. The purpose of this article is threefold: (1) to present a systematic review of measures used to identify or predict IPV, (2) to determine which of these measures have psychometric evidence to support their use, and (3) to determine whether any existing measure is capable of differentiating between situational couple violence and intimate terrorism. A systematic search was conducted using PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, and MEDLINE. Studies on the reliability or validity of specific measures of IPV were included, regardless of format, length, discipline, or type of IPV assessed. A total of 222 studies, on the psychometric properties of 87 unique measures, met our a priori criteria and were included in the review. We described the reliability and validity of the 87 measures. We rated the measures based on the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments-revised criteria and other established validity criteria, which allowed us to generate a list of recommended measures. We also discussed measures designed to differentiate IPV types. We conclude by describing the strengths and weaknesses of existing measures and by suggesting new avenues for researchers to enhance the assessment of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin F Alexander
- Department of Psychology, 14787Binghamton University (SUNY), NY, USA
| | - Bethany L Backes
- Department of Criminal Justice, School of Social Work, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Matthew D Johnson
- Department of Psychology, 14787Binghamton University (SUNY), NY, USA
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3
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Love HA, Spencer CM, May SA, Mendez M, Stith SM. Perpetrator Risk Markers for Intimate Terrorism and Situational Couple Violence: A Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2020; 21:922-931. [PMID: 30407149 DOI: 10.1177/1524838018801331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Johnson developed a typology of intimate partner violence (IPV) which includes two different categories of violence: situational couple violence (SCV) and intimate terrorism (IT). Johnson proposed that IT is more likely to be found in clinical samples (e.g., batterer intervention programs or domestic violence shelters) compared to nonclinical (general population) samples. This meta-analysis (n = 149 studies; k = 216 effect sizes) examines differences in the strengths of IPV risk markers in clinical and nonclinical samples of male perpetrators and female victims. All variables (communication and conflict resolution, demand-withdraw patterns, relationship dissatisfaction, controlling behaviors, jealousy, patriarchal beliefs, power in the relationship, and stalking) were expected to be significantly related to IPV for both clinical and nonclinical populations. However, specific variables indicative of IT (control, jealousy, patriarchal beliefs, power, and stalking) were expected to be more strongly associated with clinical samples compared to nonclinical samples. As expected, most variables were significant for clinical and nonclinical populations, and IT risk markers (control, power, jealousy, and patriarchal beliefs) were significantly stronger risk markers for IPV in clinical samples. These results indicate that Johnson's typology may be conceptualized as representing a continuum of violence, with IT being more severe due to the controlling nature of the violence. Sample type needs to be considered when research about IPV is disseminated, as different degrees of IPV (IT vs. SCV) may be present depending on sample type. Implications from this study include the need to differentiate the level of violence and to tailor intervention for IPV appropriately.
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Postmus JL, Hoge GL, Breckenridge J, Sharp-Jeffs N, Chung D. Economic Abuse as an Invisible Form of Domestic Violence: A Multicountry Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2020; 21:261-283. [PMID: 29587598 DOI: 10.1177/1524838018764160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The predominant perception of intimate partner violence (IPV) as constituting physical violence can still dominate, particularly in research and media reports, despite research documenting multiple forms of IPV including sexual violence occurring between intimate partners and various forms of psychological and emotional abuse. One frequently hidden or "invisible" form of abuse perpetrated within intimate partner relationships is economic abuse, also referred to as financial abuse in much of the literature. While the links between gendered economic insecurity and economic abuse are emerging, there remains a lack of consistency about definitions within the United States and globally, as there is no agreed upon index with which to measure economic abuse. As such, the purpose of this article is to review and analyze the global literature focused on either economic or financial abuse to determine how it is defined and what measures are used to capture its prevalence and impact. The 46 peer-reviewed articles that met all inclusion criteria for analysis came from a range of countries across six continents. Our review found that there is growing clarity and consistency of terminologies being used in these articles and found some consistency in the use of validated measures. Since this research is in its "infancy," we need to have stronger collaborative efforts to use similar measures and terminology. Part of that collaborative effort is to consider how language and cultural differences may play a part in our understanding of economic abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L Postmus
- Center on Violence Against Women and Children, School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gretchen L Hoge
- Department of Social Work, Lewis University, Romeoville, IL, USA
| | | | - Nicola Sharp-Jeffs
- Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Donna Chung
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Jansson B, Sundin Ö. The Reliability and Factorial Validity of the Swedish Version of the Revised Controlling Behaviors Scale. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:3850-3863. [PMID: 27738140 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516672936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the factor structure of the victimization form of the revised Controlling Behaviors Scale (CBS-R). Data from 1,218 women and men were analyzed in the study. Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) failed to find support for the proposed five-factor structure of the scale, as the items on the scale were better represented by one common factor. In addition, when examining if controlling behaviors are distinct from psychological aggression, the CFA indicated that the items on the CBS-R are clearly distinguishable from the items on the psychological aggression (as measured with the subscales of the revised Conflict Tactic Scales [CTS2]), and that this holds for both males and females. Implications for the general use of the CBS-R and for use in conjunction with psychological aggression and physical aggression in intimate partner violence were discussed.
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Dokkedahl S, Kok RN, Murphy S, Kristensen TR, Bech-Hansen D, Elklit A. The psychological subtype of intimate partner violence and its effect on mental health: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2019; 8:198. [PMID: 31399073 PMCID: PMC6688298 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Psychological violence is estimated to be the most common form of intimate partner violence (IPV). Despite this, research on the independent effect of psychological violence on mental health is scarce. Moreover, the lack of a clear and consistent definition of psychological violence has made results difficult to compare. The present study therefore aims to consolidate knowledge on psychological violence by conducting a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis on the association between psychological violence and mental health problems, when controlling for other types of violence (e.g. physical and sexual) and taking into account severity, frequency, and duration of psychological violence. METHOD The present study is registered in the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; #CRD42018116026) and the study design follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA; Additional file 1). A dual search will be conducted in the electronic databases PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Data will be extracted using Endnote and Covidence and a meta-analysis will be conducted using Metafor-package in the programming language R. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies developed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project will be used to assess the quality of the included studies (i.e. weak, moderate and strong). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The present review will help consolidate knowledge on psychological violence by evaluating whether frequency, severity or actual "type" of psychological violence produces the most harm. A thorough quality assessment will help overcome potential limitations regarding expected variations in terminology and assessment of psychological violence. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018116026 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dokkedahl
- National Centre of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology at the University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Robin Niels Kok
- Department of Psychology at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre for Innovative Medical Technology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Siobhan Murphy
- National Centre of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology at the University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Trine Rønde Kristensen
- Centre for persons subjected to violence, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ditte Bech-Hansen
- National Centre of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology at the University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ask Elklit
- National Centre of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology at the University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Yoshihama M, Blazevski J, Bybee D. Gender (A)Symmetry in Correlates of Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence: Gender (A) Symmetry in IPV and the Role of Gender Attitudes. Violence Against Women 2019; 26:1033-1054. [PMID: 31187698 DOI: 10.1177/1077801219848488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined, using structural equation modeling (SEM), gender differences and similarities in correlates of the perpetration of emotional aggression against intimate partners among one of the largest groups of Asian Indians in the United States, Gujaratis. Although most of the correlates of emotional aggression (e.g., patriarchal attitudes, spousal disagreement, and alcohol use) were similar for men and women, higher support for gendered domestic roles was significantly related to higher perpetration of emotional aggression for men but not for women. Multigroup latent SEM served as a unique analytical strategy to investigate gender (a)symmetry, a controversial but critical debate in the field.
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8
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Giordano PC, Copp JE. Girls' and Women's Violence: The Question of General Versus Uniquely Gendered Causes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CRIMINOLOGY 2019; 2:167-189. [PMID: 31701089 PMCID: PMC6837167 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-criminol-011518-024517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we consider theory and research focused on girls' and women's violence, with an emphasis on studies that inform long-running debates about whether uniquely gendered explanations are required to understand such behaviors. The review emphasizes potentially malleable social processes and influences, and studies that have explored neighborhood, family, and peer-based sources of risk. We also examine contemporary research on precursors of a specific type of aggression-intimate partner violence -where self-reports of perpetration have been found to be similar across gender, but research has consistently shown that the consequences are generally more serious for female victims. Our review draws on findings from analyses of large scale survey data as well as qualitative approaches that explore meanings and motivations. The results point to significant areas of overlap as well as some distinctive patterns by gender, support learning and intersectionality theories, and identify potentially fruitful areas for additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy C Giordano
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403,
| | - Jennifer E Copp
- College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32309,
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9
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Stonard KE. The prevalence and overlap of technology-assisted and offline adolescent dating violence. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Hines DA, Douglas EM. Influence of Intimate Terrorism, Situational Couple Violence, and Mutual Violent Control on Male Victims. PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITY 2018; 19:612-623. [PMID: 30524210 PMCID: PMC6277038 DOI: 10.1037/men0000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current study is to test - among samples of men - some previous findings relative to Johnson's (2008) typology of partner violence (PV). Among samples of exclusively women, Johnson has found that the frequency and severity of PV - and victims' mental health - are worse for female victims of intimate terrorism (IT) than of situational couple violence (SCV). However, such findings have rarely been tested in male victims of PV. Furthermore, although Johnson posits that mutual violent control (MVC) is relatively rare, other research suggests that it is about as common as IT and may be associated with worse PV and health. We examined the relative frequency and severity of various forms of PV, and the relative health and mental health between men who (a) experienced IT versus SCV, and (b) experienced IT versus MVC. Our two samples were 611 men who sought help for PV victimization and 1,601 men from a population-based sample. Our analyses showed that across samples, men who were victims of IT had significantly worse mental health than men who experienced SCV, and IT victims experienced more severe and frequent PV, including physical, sexual, and non-physical forms of PV. Male victims of IT had worse mental and physical health than either men who perpetrated IT or experienced MVC, but men involved in MVC were involved in relationships with more types of PV than either male IT perpetrators or victims. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for Johnson's typology, future research, and service providers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M. Douglas
- Bridgewater State University, School of Social Work, Bridgewater, MA
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11
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Archer J. Cross-Cultural Differences in Physical Aggression Between Partners: A Social-Role Analysis. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2016; 10:133-53. [PMID: 16768651 DOI: 10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In developed western nations, both sexes commit acts of physical aggression against their partners. Data from 16 nations showed that this pattern did not generalize to all nations. The magnitude and direction of the sex difference was highly correlated with national-level variations in gender empowerment and individualism-collectivism. As gender equality and individualism increased, the sex difference in partner violence moved in the direction of lesserfemale victimization and greater male victimization. A second analysis of 52 nations showed that 3 indexes of women%'s victimization were also inversely correlated with gender equality and individualism. Sexist attitudes and relative approval of wife beating were also associated with women%'s victimization rates, but general levels of violent crime were not. The findings are discussed in terms of a social role approach to variations in sex differences between cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom.
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12
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Abstract
Four types of individual partner violence are identified based on the dyadic control context of the violence. In intimate terrorism, the individual is violent and controlling, the partner is not. In violent resistance, the individual is violent but not controlling; the partner is the violent and controlling one. In situational couple violence, although the individual is violent, neither the individual nor the partner is violent and controlling. In mutual violent control, the individual and the partner are violent and controlling. Evidence is presented that situational couple violence dominates in general surveys, intimate terrorism and violent resistance dominate in agency samples, and this is the source of differences across studies with respect to the gender symmetry of partner violence. An argument is made that if we want to understand partner violence, intervene effectively in individual cases, or make useful policy recommendations, we must make these distinctions in our research.
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13
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McHugh MC, Livingston NA, Ford A. A Postmodern Approach to Women's Use of Violence: Developing Multiple and Complex Conceptualizations. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We review the research on intimate partner abuse and, in particular, the articles in this issue, from within a feminist and postmodern framework. Research on women's use of violence is reviewed in terms of how researchers have constructed and measured violence and have conceptualized intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender. What and how we measure determines what we find ( McHugh & Cosgrove, 2005 ). We call for new conceptualizations of intimate violence and for more complex constructions of gender. We offer a postmodern perspective on gender and IPV arguing that interpersonal violence always involves gender, that approach and method influence results, and that men and women use violence in both similar and different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy Ford
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Graham-Kevan N, Archer J. Investigating Three Explanations of Women's Relationship Aggression. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated explanations of women's partner aggression in a sample of 358 women. Women completed measures of physical aggression, control, and fear. Three explanations of women's partner aggression were explored: (a) that its use is associated with fear, (b) that it is reciprocal, and (c) that it is coercive. Each explanation received partial support, with multivariate analysis showing that collectively they explained significant proportions of the variance in women's self-reported use of physical aggression toward their male partners. These results indicate that women's physical aggression toward male partners cannot be understood using a unitary explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire
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Bates EA, Graham-Kevan N. Is the Presence of Control Related to Help-Seeking Behavior? A Test of Johnson’s Assumptions Regarding Sex Differences and the Role of Control in Intimate Partner Violence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1891/1946-6560.7.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test 2 of Johnson’s (1995) assumptions regarding intimate partner violence (IPV), namely, that there are sex differences in the type of physical aggression men and women use and that controlling aggression is more problematic and requires more outside intervention than noncontrolling aggression. These assumptions were tested using survey data from the 13th cycle of the General Social Survey in Canada, which was a telephone survey that asked crime victimization questions in several areas. There were no sex differences in the use of controlling behavior or physical aggression. Controlling aggression did not have an effect on problem presentation when compared with relationships low in controlling behaviors. There was mixed support for Johnson’s work and the utility of his typology is questioned.
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16
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Jackson MA, Sippel LM, Mota N, Whalen D, Schumacher JA. Borderline personality disorder and related constructs as risk factors for intimate partner violence perpetration. AGGRESSION AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR 2015; 24:95-106. [PMID: 28725157 PMCID: PMC5512269 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript we systematically reviewed 29 articles from 2010 to 2014 that addressed the association between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, with particular attention paid to the role of perpetrator sex. Our primary objective was to provide a summary of (1) the operationalization and measurement of BPD and IPV, (2) mechanisms of the BPD-IPV association, and (3)the current understanding of the role of perpetrator sex related to BPD and IPV. We observed three distinct operational definitions of BPD which are measured in a variety of ways. IPV measurement tends to be more consistent. Further, emotion perception, impulsivity, attachment, and substance use are proposed mechanisms to explain the BPD IPV relation. The findings regarding potential perpetrator sex differences in the BPD-IPV association are mixed. Finally, we also provide recommendations for future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Jackson
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Jackson, MS, USA and Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Department of Neuropsychology, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lauren M Sippel
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Jackson, MS, USA, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, USA and Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Natalie Mota
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Jackson, MS, USA, and Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Diana Whalen
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Jackson, MS, USA and Washington University, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julie A Schumacher
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Jackson, MS, USA
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Gulliver P, Fanslow JL. The Johnson Typologies of Intimate Partner Violence: An Investigation of Their Representation in a General Population of New Zealand Women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15379418.2015.1037051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Tiwari A, Fong DYT, Chan KL, Yan ECW, Lam GLL, Tang DHM, Graham-Kevan N. Evaluating the Chinese Revised Controlling Behaviors Scale. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2015; 30:314-332. [PMID: 24860075 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514534778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the utility of the Chinese version of the Revised Controlling Behaviors Scale (C-CBS-R) as a measure of controlling behaviors in violent Chinese intimate relationships. Using a mixed-methods approach, in-depth, individual interviews were conducted with 200 Chinese women survivors to elicit qualitative data about their personal experiences of control in intimate relationships. The use of controlling behaviors was also assessed using the C-CBS-R. Interview accounts suggested that the experiences of 91 of the women were consistent with the description of coercive control according to Dutton and Goodman's conceptualization of coercion. Using the split-half validation procedure, a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was conducted with the first half of the sample. The area under the curve (AUC) for using the C-CBS-R to identify high control was .99, and the cutoff score of 1.145 maximized both sensitivity and specificity. Applying the cutoff score to the second half gave a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 95%. Overall, the C-CBS-R has demonstrated utility as a measure of controlling behaviors with a cutoff score for distinguishing high from low levels of control in violent Chinese intimate relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Graham-Kevan
- University of Central Lancashire, UK Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
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Johnson MP, Leone JM, Xu Y. Intimate terrorism and situational couple violence in general surveys: ex-spouses required. Violence Against Women 2014; 20:186-207. [PMID: 24504325 DOI: 10.1177/1077801214521324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we argue that past efforts to distinguish among types of intimate partner violence in general survey data have committed a critical error--using data on current spouses to develop operationalizations of intimate terrorism and situational couple violence. We use ex-spouse data from the National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAWS) to develop new operationalizations. We then demonstrate that NVAWS current spouse data contain little intimate terrorism; we argue that this is likely to be the case for all general surveys. In addition, the ex-spouse data confirm past findings regarding a variety of differences between intimate terrorism and situational couple violence, including those predicted by feminist theories.
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Bates EA, Graham-Kevan N, Archer J. Testing predictions from the male control theory of men's partner violence. Aggress Behav 2014; 40:42-55. [PMID: 23878077 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test predictions from the male control theory of intimate partner violence (IPV) and Johnson's [Johnson, M. P. (1995). Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 282-294] typology. A student sample (N = 1,104) reported on their use of physical aggression and controlling behavior, to partners and to same-sex non-intimates. Contrary to the male control theory, women were found to be more physically aggressive to their partners than men were, and the reverse pattern was found for aggression to same-sex non-intimates. Furthermore, there were no substantial sex differences in controlling behavior, which significantly predicted physical aggression in both sexes. IPV was found to be associated with physical aggression to same-sex non-intimates, thereby demonstrating a link with aggression outside the family. Using Johnson's typology, women were more likely than men to be classed as "intimate terrorists," which was counter to earlier findings. Overall, these results do not support the male control theory of IPV. Instead, they fit the view that IPV does not have a special etiology, and is better studied within the context of other forms of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Bates
- Department of Applied Psychology; University of Cumbria; Carlisle Cumbria United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Graham-Kevan
- School of Psychology; University of Central Lancashire; Preston United Kingdom
| | - John Archer
- School of Psychology; University of Central Lancashire; Preston United Kingdom
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Thornton AJ, Graham-Kevan N, Archer J. Development and confirmatory factor analysis of the non-violent and violent offending behavior scale (NVOBS). Aggress Behav 2013; 39:171-81. [PMID: 23468314 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop a psychometrically sound measure of violent and non-violent offending, suitable for both male and female participants in general (non-forensic) samples. Potential items were selected from existing measures. A sample of 653 British university students completed all items, and their responses were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and validated with confirmatory factor analysis. There were five separate factors (general violence, drug-related offenses, partner violence, theft, and criminal damage), which were confirmed with acceptable fit indices. The five-factor model applied to both males and females. Each subscale demonstrated good internal consistency, with alphas for each factor ranging from moderate to good. This new measure is a potentially valuable research tool for investigating people's involvement in violent and non-violent offending. The importance of examining the psychometric properties of scales, and confirming the category groupings using CFA of the items is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Graham-Kevan
- School of Psychology; University of Central Lancashire; Preston; United Kingdom
| | - John Archer
- School of Psychology; University of Central Lancashire; Preston; United Kingdom
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22
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Zacarias AE, Macassa G, Soares JJF, Svanström L, Antai D. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization in female victims and perpetrators of intimate partner violence in Maputo City, Mozambique. Int J Womens Health 2012; 4:491-503. [PMID: 23071419 PMCID: PMC3469227 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s29427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little knowledge exists in Mozambique and sub-Saharan Africa about the mental health (symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization) of women victims and perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) by type of abuse (psychological aggression, physical assault without/with injury, and sexual coercion). This study scrutinizes factors associated with mental health among women victims and perpetrators of IPV over the 12 months prior to the study. METHODS AND MATERIALS Mental health data were analyzed with bivariate and multiple regression methods for 1442 women aged 15-49 years who contacted Forensic Services at Maputo Central Hospital (Maputo City, Mozambique) for IPV victimization between April 1, 2007 and March 31, 2008. RESULTS In bivariate analyses, victims and perpetrators of IPVs scored higher on symptoms of mental health than their unaffected counterparts. Multiple regressions revealed that controlling behaviors, mental health comorbidity, social support, smoking, childhood abuse, sleep difficulties, age, and lack of education were more important in explaining symptoms of mental health than demographics/socioeconomics or life-style factors. Victimization and perpetration across all types of IPV were not associated with symptoms of mental health. CONCLUSION In our sample, victimization and perpetration were not important factors in explaining mental ill health, contrary to previous findings. More research into the relationship between women's IPV victimization and perpetration and mental health is warranted as well as the influence of controlling behaviors on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Eugenio Zacarias
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Eduardo Mondlane University, Faculty of Medicine, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Gloria Macassa
- University of Gävle, Department of Occupational and Health Sciences, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Joaquim JF Soares
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leif Svanström
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diddy Antai
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Global Health and Inequalities, The Angels Trust – Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
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23
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Graham-Kevan N, Zacarias AE, Soares JJF. Investigating violence and control dyadically in a help-seeking sample from Mozambique. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:590973. [PMID: 22666138 PMCID: PMC3362021 DOI: 10.1100/2012/590973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A sample of 1442 women attending a Forensic Healthcare Service provided information on their own and their partners' use of controlling behaviors, partner violence, and sexual abuse, as well as their own experiences of childhood abuse. Using Johnson's typology, the relationships were categorized as Nonviolent, Intimate Terrorism, or Situational Couple Violence. Findings suggest that help-seeking women's experiences of intimate violence may be diverse, with their roles ranging from victim to perpetrator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Graham-Kevan
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire and School of Psychology, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
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24
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Brown J. Male perpetrators, the gender symmetry debate, and the rejection-abuse cycle: implications for treatment. Am J Mens Health 2012; 6:331-43. [PMID: 22398994 DOI: 10.1177/1557988312439404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article examined the gender symmetry debate in light of recent research relating to the feminist and family research perspectives on intimate partner violence, providing a context for rethinking perpetrator programs. The concept of coercive control is considered as an explanatory factor in an attempt to integrate the feminist and family research perspectives. The limited effectiveness of perpetrator programs is examined. Research highlighting potential factors that could improve the effectiveness of perpetrator programs is introduced, followed by a discussion of the rejection-abuse cycle, one attempt to incorporate current research into a more inclusive program. The rejection-abuse cycle identifies a pattern of perpetrator behavior, which links rejection, threat to self, defense against threat, and abuse. Finally, suggestions for changing perpetrator programs are elaborated, incorporating past research, which would make them appropriate for both male and female perpetrators. These implications are contextualized within a meta-theory to provide greater clarity for the development of future perpetrator programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac Brown
- Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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25
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Maneta E, Cohen S, Schulz M, Waldinger RJ. Links between childhood physical abuse and intimate partner aggression: the mediating role of anger expression. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2012; 27:315-328. [PMID: 22852434 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.27.3.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Research linking childhood physical abuse (CPA) and adult intimate partner aggression (IPA) has focused on individuals without sufficient attention to couple processes. In this study, 109 couples reported on histories of CPA, IPA, and anger expression. Actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) was used to examine links between CPA and revictimization and perpetration of IPA, with anger suppression as a potential mediator. Women's CPA histories were associated with more physical aggression towards and more revictimization by partners. Men's CPA histories were only associated at the trend level with their revictimization. Anger suppression fully mediated the link between women's CPA and both revictimization and perpetration of IPA. Findings suggest that women with CPA histories are more prone to suppress anger, which leaves them at greater risk for revictimization and perpetration of IPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Maneta
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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26
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Ross JM. Personality and situational correlates of self-reported reasons for intimate partner violence among women versus men referred for batterers' intervention. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2011; 29:711-27. [PMID: 21928400 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study examines personality and situational correlates of self-reported reasons for intimate partner violence (IPV) among women and men court-ordered to batterers' intervention as IPV offenders. Women endorsed self-defense and men retaliation as their primary reasons for IPV. Both also endorsed emotion dysregulation as a reason for much of their violence. Women's partner violence was largely, but not exclusively, situationally motivated. Women's reasons for violence also related significantly to self-reported borderline personality symptomology. Men's reasons for IPV related primarily to their self-reported antisocial and borderline personality traits, not to situational factors. Thus, the IPV of some women and some men may be considered "characterological," in that it reflects something about the individual's character or personality. Control or domination of one's partner was not a primary reason for violence among women or men, despite the assumption on which many batterer intervention programs are based, that IPV is primarily a power and control tactic. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody M Ross
- Department of Psychology, Neff, Indiana University- Purdue University Fort Wayne, U.S.A.
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27
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Dixon L, Graham-Kevan N. Understanding the nature and etiology of intimate partner violence and implications for practice and policy. Clin Psychol Rev 2011; 31:1145-55. [PMID: 21851805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical perspectives underlying hypotheses about the nature and etiology of intimate partner violence are important as they inform professionals how they should best respond to reduce or eliminate this social problem. Therefore, it is crucial that practice led initiatives are driven by theory that is supported by good quality empirical evidence. This review aims to provide a synthesis of methodologically sound research to understand how intimate partner violence is best conceptualized, and what the implications of this evidence based theory hold for practice and policy. A wealth of evidence supporting the need to further explore and respond to the spectrum of partner violence from a gender inclusive perspective is demonstrated. Implications of the evidence for multidisciplinary work, prevention, assessment, treatment, and policy related to intimate partner violence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Dixon
- Centre for Forensic and Criminological Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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28
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Hines DA, Douglas EM. Understanding the Use of Violence Among Men Who Sustain Intimate Terrorism. PARTNER ABUSE 2011; 2:259-283. [PMID: 21841962 PMCID: PMC3154094 DOI: 10.1891/1946-6560.2.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Researchers in the field of intimate partner violence (IPV) are paying increasing levels of attention to the notion that members of aggressive and violent relationships cannot always be dichotomized as innocent victims versus blameworthy perpetrators; nonetheless, no research has documented characteristics of IPV victims that may predict their use of abusive and aggressive behaviors in response to their partners' IPV. This study fills this gap and is unique because it uses a sample of 302 men who sustained intimate terrorism from their female partners and sought help. Results showed that victims who used physical IPV, in comparison with victims who did not, were younger and were more likely to abuse alcohol. In addition, in comparison with victims who used minor physical IPV, victims who used severe physical IPV were more likely to use-and use more frequently-other forms of IPV, and they were more likely to be substance abusers. Results are discussed in terms of possible theoretical implications, directions for future research, and practice implications.
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29
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Brownridge DA. Does the situational couple violence- intimate terrorism typology explain cohabitors' high risk of intimate partner violence? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2010; 25:1264-83. [PMID: 19729674 DOI: 10.1177/0886260509340544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examines M. P. Johnson's assertion that violence in marital unions is more likely to be intimate terrorism (IT) and violence in cohabiting unions is more likely to be situational couple violence (SCV). Having overcome limitations of the data on which Johnson based his assertion, the results show that cohabiting and married victims of violence are equally likely to report experiencing SCV and IT. Moreover, cohabitors have higher odds of experiencing SCV and IT compared to their counterparts living in a marital union. These marital status differences are explained by selection and relationship factors theorized to account for them. Although the SCV- IT typology does appear to shed light on gender differences, the results of this study suggest that, where relevant, researchers using this typology should not neglect risk factors derived from theories for understanding intimate partner violence (IPV).
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30
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Varley Thornton AJ, Graham-Kevan N, Archer J. Adaptive and maladaptive personality traits as predictors of violent and nonviolent offending behavior in men and women. Aggress Behav 2010; 36:177-86. [PMID: 20213653 DOI: 10.1002/ab.20340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess both violent and nonviolent offending behavior in a single, mixed-sex population. The rationale for this is that the two types of offending are usually researched separately, despite evidence that they overlap. A comprehensive measure of general violence, intimate partner violence (IPV), and nonviolent offending behavior was administered to 116 men and 181 women, together with measures of personality and personality disorder (PD) traits, to investigate whether predictors of violent and nonviolent offending were similar or different for men and women. Men were found to perpetrate higher levels of general violence and nonviolent offenses than women, but women perpetrated significantly more IPV than men. Cluster B PD traits predicted all three offense types for women and also men's general violence and nonviolent offending. Women's general violence and men's non-violence also had one unique risk factor each, low agreeableness, and low conscientiousness, respectively. The main difference was for IPV, where men's IPV was predicted by cluster A PD traits, indicating that men's and women's risk factors for IPV may be different, although their risk factors for the other offense types were fairly consistent.
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31
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English DJ, Graham JC, Newton RR, Lewis TL, Thompson R, Kotch JB, Weisbart C. At-risk and maltreated children exposed to intimate partner aggression/violence: what the conflict looks like and its relationship to child outcomes. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2009; 14:157-171. [PMID: 18984806 DOI: 10.1177/1077559508326287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing research on children's exposure to intimate partner aggression/violence (IPAV), and co-occurrence of IPAV and maltreatment, little is known about IPAV in at-risk and maltreating families. We explored the nature of IPAV in 554 homes where children were identified as at risk or reported for maltreatment and examined differences between emotional and behavioral outcomes for children in homes where one or both intimate partners is the alleged perpetrator of IPAV. We found in this sample that IPAV primarily took the form of verbal aggression with differences in perpetrator gender for verbal, minor, and severe violence. There were few child outcomes predicted by perpetrator gender: Significant child behavior problems were found with all types of IPAV and both genders as perpetrators. Results suggest the need for comprehensive assessments of IPAV when assessing risk, safety, and harm issues for children reported as being at risk or victims of maltreatment.
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33
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Hines DA, Saudino KJ. Personality and intimate partner aggression in dating relationships: the role of the "Big Five". Aggress Behav 2008; 34:593-604. [PMID: 18663724 DOI: 10.1002/ab.20277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although personality is shown to predict negative relationship experiences, few researchers have used a structural model of personality to study the ways that personality contributes to intimate partner aggression (IPA). This study investigates the five-factor model of personality and its associations with both the use and receipt of psychological, physical, and sexual IPA in 179 men and 301 women. Each of the five factors of personality was associated with at least one type of IPA perpetration or victimization. The dimensions of neuroticism and agreeableness were the strongest predictors of IPA particularly for women. Results are discussed in terms of why personality should be considered as a predictor for both the use and receipt of IPA, why sex differences emerged, and future research that should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Hines
- Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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34
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Flemke K, Allen KR. Women's experience of rage: a critical feminist analysis. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2008; 34:58-74. [PMID: 18199181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2008.00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We conducted in-depth interviews with 37 incarcerated women on their experience of rage towards their intimate partner. Participants used specific criteria to distinguish their experience of rage from anger. Rage is described as an overwhelming experience with particular physiological and cognitive changes that takes control of a woman's emotions and actions. In contrast, anger is described as a controllable emotion with a specific termination point. Motivations for acting violently in rage with an intimate partner are described and discussed. Findings suggest a primary trigger for experiencing rage is feeling threatened and feeling emotionally overwhelmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Flemke
- Programs of Couples and Family Therapy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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35
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Heyman RE, Smith Slep AM. Creating and field-testing diagnostic criteria for partner and child maltreatment. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2006; 20:397-408. [PMID: 16937996 DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.20.3.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
An integrated set of diagnostic criteria for partner abuse and child abuse and neglect were developed and tested in 4 studies conducted with a branch of America's largest family maltreatment protection agency (i.e., the U.S. military's Family Advocacy Program). Maltreatment criteria then in force were found to have adequate levels of content validity, but experts' and users' feedback indicated ambiguities and poorly specified criteria that undermined reliable application. Criteria incorporating elements of the best existing civilian and military operationalizations were developed and evaluated in two field trials. The final definitions were found to support very high levels of agreement (92%) between base adjudicating committees and master reviewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Heyman
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, USA.
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36
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Apples and Oranges in Child Custody Disputes: Intimate Terrorism vs. Situational Couple Violence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1300/j190v02n04_03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Archer J, Coyne SM. An integrated review of indirect, relational, and social aggression. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2005; 9:212-30. [PMID: 16083361 DOI: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0903_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, researchers have found that girls may be just as aggressive as boys when manipulative forms of aggression, such as gossiping and spreading rumors, are included. These forms of aggression are known by 3 different names: indirect aggression, relational aggression, and social aggression. This review examines their commonalities and differences, and concludes that they are essentially the same form of aggression. We show that analogous forms are not found in other species. We offer a functional account: indirect aggression is an alternative strategy to direct aggression, enacted when the costs of direct aggression are high, and whose aim is to socially exclude, or harm the social status of, a victim. In this light, we consider sex differences and developmental trends and the impact of this aggression on victims. We conclude that indirect, relational, and social aggression are much more similar than they are different, and we suggest ways in which future research can be facilitated by integrating the three areas under an adaptive framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Great Britain.
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38
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Bogat GA, Levendosky AA, von Eye A. The future of research on intimate partner violence: person-oriented and variable-oriented perspectives. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2005; 36:49-70. [PMID: 16134044 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-005-6232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This article uses the distinction between the person and the variable orientations as a frame for structuring (1) research on IPV, (2) results of this research, and (3) an agenda for future research. The main tenet of this agenda is that causes, processes, and effects of IPV are person and context specific; therefore, results that relate variables to each other are of limited value if it can be shown that the processes that take place, the meaning of the variables, the profile of the transgressors and the women who experience IPV depend on time, environment, and research design. Examples of valuable variable-oriented research are given; examples of the growing contribution made by person-oriented research are given as well. Sample theories are sketched out, for the variable-oriented, the person-oriented, and the theoretical research arenas, the need for future research is derived from inconsistencies and shortcomings in both current research and theory. Sample research questions are proposed. The contributions made by the authors of this Special Section are embedded within the discussion of research and theory of IPV. It is shown that each of the contributions is valuable within a particular segment of the research landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Anne Bogat
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 107E Psychology Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1116, USA.
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39
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Williams SL, Frieze IH. Patterns of Violent Relationships, Psychological Distress, and Marital Satisfaction in a National Sample of Men and Women. SEX ROLES 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-005-4198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Hamberger LK, Guse C. Typology of reactions to intimate partner violence among men and women arrested for partner violence. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2005; 20:303-17. [PMID: 16180369 DOI: 10.1891/vivi.20.3.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined behavioral and emotional responses to partner-initiated violence reported by men and women court-ordered to domestic violence counseling. Respondents provided Likert-type ratings of behavioral and emotional responses to their partners' initiated violence. Cluster analysis to determine heterogeneity of emotional and behavioral responses resulted in a three-cluster solution. The profile for Cluster 1, predominantly male, showed no specific behavioral or emotional reaction pattern. Cluster 2 respondents, evenly split between males and females, but comprising a high proportion of all of the female participants, reported frequently doing what the partner wanted and attempting to escape. Emotional responses experienced by Cluster 2 respondents were anger, insult, and fear. Cluster 3, predominantly male, reported a frequent tendency to use force in response and escape when their partners initiated physical violence. Emotionally, Cluster 3 participants reported experiencing high levels of anger and insult, and relatively low levels of fear and low levels of amusement. Implications of these findings for development of gender-based intervention strategies will be discussed.
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Gender-Role Conflict and Self-Esteem: Factors Associated With Partner Abuse in Court-Referred Men. PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITY 2005. [DOI: 10.1037/1524-9220.6.2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Graham-Kevan N, Archer J. Intimate terrorism and common couple violence. A test of Johnson's predictions in four British samples. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2003; 18:1247-70. [PMID: 19774764 DOI: 10.1177/0886260503256656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to both replicate and considerably extend the findings of Johnson (1999) that there are two distinct subgroups of physical aggression within relationships: intimate terrorism and common couple violence. The present sample consisted of women residing at Women's Aid shelters and their partners (N=86), male and female students (N=208), men attending male treatment programs for domestic violence and their partners (N=8), and male prisoners and their partners (N=192). Respondents completed measures on physical aggression, injuries sustained, escalation of physical aggression, and controlling behaviors. Cluster analysis was employed to categorize relationships as either intimate terrorism or common couple violence. Frequency analysis showed broad support for Johnson's findings.
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