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Lucroy MD, Clauson RM, Suckow MA, El-Tayyeb F, Kalinauskas A. Evaluation of an autologous cancer vaccine for the treatment of metastatic canine hemangiosarcoma: a preliminary study. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:447. [PMID: 33208160 PMCID: PMC7672887 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is an aggressive cancer arising from multipotential bone marrow-derived stem cells. Anthracycline chemotherapy drugs have been the mainstay adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery with only modest improvement in survival and an attendant risk for adverse events. Immunotherapy, using a whole cell autologous cancer vaccine adjuvanted with MIM-SIS, may improve outcomes for dogs with HSA with a lower risk for adverse events compared with chemotherapy. Results In cultured DH82 canine monocyte-like cells, autologous cancer vaccines prepared from 13 dogs with HSA increased MHC-II surface expression ranging from 20.0-60.4% on single-stained cells, CD80 surface expression ranging from 23.7–45.9% on single-stained cells, and MHC-II/CD80 surface expression ranging from 7.2–20.1% on double-stained cells. Autologous cancer vaccines were able to, on average, stimulate an up-regulation of MHC-II and CD80 by 48-fold as compared to media only (MHC-II + CD80 + cells: 12.19 ± 3.70% vs. 0.25 ± 0.06%; p < 0.001). The overall median survival time for dogs treated with the autologous cancer vaccine was 142 days (range, 61 to 373 days). Dogs treated with the autologous cancer vaccine or maximum tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy had significantly (P < 0.001) longer survival than dogs treated with surgery alone. The 1-year survival rate was 12.5% for dogs treated with the autologous cancer vaccine, and 0% for dogs treated with surgery alone or MTD chemotherapy. No adverse events were observed in the dogs treated with the autologous cancer vaccine. Conclusions The adjuvanted autologous cancer vaccine is capable of up-regulating MHC-II and CD80 in cultured canine monocyte-derived cells, which are important stimulatory molecules in generating an immune response and improves survival time in dogs with metastatic (stage III) HSA when compared to surgical treatment alone. Autologous cancer vaccine-treated dogs had survival similar to those dogs treated with MTD chemotherapy without any observed adverse events. This autologous cancer vaccine represents an effective form of individualized immunotherapy that is an appealing option for dog owners not wanting to pursue adjuvant chemotherapy for HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lucroy
- Torigen Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 400 Farmington Avenue R1855 CB129, 06032, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Ryan M Clauson
- Torigen Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 400 Farmington Avenue R1855 CB129, 06032, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mark A Suckow
- Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Kentucky, 445 Bowman Hall, KY, 40506-0032, Lexington, USA
| | - Ferris El-Tayyeb
- Torigen Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 400 Farmington Avenue R1855 CB129, 06032, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ashley Kalinauskas
- Torigen Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 400 Farmington Avenue R1855 CB129, 06032, Farmington, CT, USA
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Rodríguez JMM, Morandi F, Cavicchio P, Poli A, Verin R. Morphological and Immunohistochemical Description of a Splenic Haemangioma in a Captive European Wolf ( Canis lupus lupus) and a Review of the Current Literature. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7030102. [PMID: 32756451 PMCID: PMC7558623 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic diseases are rarely described in wild carnivores; only a few reports have been published on this topic. Here, we describe the histological and immunohistochemical features of a haemangioma in the spleen of a grey wolf (Canis lupus lupus) and we compare the results with the dog (Canis lupus familiaris). Additionally, we list the different publications found in the literature with neoplastic lesions in wolves. Our results show similar immunohistochemical features to dogs, in which neoplastic cells express Vimentin, von Willebrand factor, alpha smooth muscle actin antibody, vascular endothelial growth factor C and low vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3. Toluidine blue special stain shows moderated increased numbers of mast cells infiltrating the tumor, a feature observed in benign vascular tumors in domestic dogs, but not in the malignant counterparts. To our knowledge, this is the first article describing the gross, histological and immunohistochemical features of a splenic haemangioma in a wolf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Maria Monné Rodríguez
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Federico Morandi
- National Park “Monti Sibillini” P.zza del Forno, 1 62039 Visso, Italy;
| | - Paolo Cavicchio
- Pistoia Zoological Garden, Via Pieve a Celle Nuova, 160/A, 51100 Pistoia, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56124 Viale delle Piagge, 2 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Ranieri Verin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science—University of Padova AGRIPOLIS—Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
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Ciepluch BJ, Wilson‐Robles HM, Pashmakova MB, Budke CM, Ellison GW, Thieman Mankin KM. Long‐term postoperative effects of administration of allogeneic blood products in 104 dogs with hemangiosarcoma. Vet Surg 2018; 47:1039-1045. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J. Ciepluch
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine College Station Texas
| | - Heather M. Wilson‐Robles
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine College Station Texas
| | - Medora B. Pashmakova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine College Station Texas
| | - Christine M. Budke
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine College Station Texas
| | - Gary W. Ellison
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville Florida
| | - Kelley M. Thieman Mankin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine College Station Texas
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4
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Carlson A, Alderete KS, Grant MKO, Seelig DM, Sharkey LC, Zordoky BNM. Anticancer effects of resveratrol in canine hemangiosarcoma cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:253-261. [PMID: 29235249 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a highly malignant tumour with aggressive biological behaviour. HSAs are more common in dogs than other domestic animals. The median survival time of dogs with HSA remains short, even with chemotherapy and surgery. Therefore, there is a critical need to improve the adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens to improve clinical outcomes in dogs with HSA. Resveratrol has been shown to possess strong anti-proliferative and/or pro-apoptotic properties in human cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, the potential anticancer effects of resveratrol have not been reported in canine HSAs. The objective of this study is to determine the growth inhibitory effects of resveratrol in HSA cells when used alone or in combination with doxorubicin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. Frog and DD-1 canine HSA cell lines were treated with varying concentrations of resveratrol with and without doxorubicin. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay. The expression of apoptotic proteins, activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were assessed by western blotting. Similar to human cancer cell lines, resveratrol markedly inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in both HSA cell lines. Mechanistically, resveratrol activated p38 MAPK, but did not affect the AMPK or the ERK1/2 pathways. Additional experiments showed that resveratrol augmented the growth-inhibitory and apoptotic effects of doxorubicin in both HSA cell lines. These findings suggest that resveratrol has pro-apoptotic effects in canine HSA cells; therefore, its use as a potential adjunct therapy in canine HSA patients warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carlson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - K S Alderete
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - M K O Grant
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - D M Seelig
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - L C Sharkey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - B N M Zordoky
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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5
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Jenkins S, Ketzis JK, Dundas J, Scorpio D. Efficacy of Minocycline in Naturally Occurring Nonacute Ehrlichia canis Infection in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:217-221. [PMID: 29197122 PMCID: PMC5787154 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minocycline has been used in the treatment of Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs as an alternative to doxycycline, the recommended treatment. However, efficacy of this alternative therapy is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of minocycline in the treatment of natural occurring E. canis infection in dogs. ANIMALS Ten privately owned dogs of mixed breed positive for E. canis by blood PCR. METHODS Prospective, randomized clinical study. Dogs positive for E. canis by PCR were housed in a kennel environment and randomly allocated to receive doxycycline 10 mg/kg bodyweight PO once daily ("gold standard" control group) or minocycline (extralabel) 10 mg/kg bodyweight PO twice daily (treatment test group) for 28 days. Blood, analyzed by PCR to determine the presence or absence of E. canisDNA, was collected weekly during treatment starting on the first day of treatment and including through day 35, 7 days after the last treatment. RESULTS In both groups, one dog tested negative after 7 days of treatment. For the doxycycline group, the latest time to a negative PCR test was after 3 weeks of treatment. For the minocycline group, the latest time was on day 28 of treatment. All dogs tested negative 7 days after the end of treatment. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Minocycline can be an effective alternative to doxycycline for clearing E. canis from the blood in nonacute infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jenkins
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - J K Ketzis
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - J Dundas
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - D Scorpio
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.,Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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6
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Regan DP, Escaffi A, Coy J, Kurihara J, Dow SW. Role of monocyte recruitment in hemangiosarcoma metastasis in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1309-1322. [PMID: 27779362 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a highly malignant tumour associated with short survival times because of early and widespread metastasis. In humans and rodents, monocytes play key roles in promoting tumour metastasis through stimulating tumour cell extravasation, seeding, growth and angiogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the potential association between monocyte infiltration and tumour metastasis in HSA and other common canine tumours. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify CD18+ monocytes within metastases. We found that HSA metastases had significantly greater numbers of CD18+ monocytes compared with metastases from other tumour types. HSA cells were the highest producers of the monocyte chemokine CCL2, and stimulated canine monocyte migration in a CCL2 dependent manner. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that overexpression of CCL2 and recruitment of large numbers of monocytes may explain in part the aggressive metastatic nature of canine HSA. Thus, therapies designed to block monocyte recruitment may be an effective adjuvant strategy for suppressing HSA metastasis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A Escaffi
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Coy
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Kurihara
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - S W Dow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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7
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Wendelburg KM, Price LL, Burgess KE, Lyons JA, Lew FH, Berg J. Survival time of dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy: 208 cases (2001-2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016. [PMID: 26225611 DOI: 10.2460/javma.247.4.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine survival time for dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated with splenectomy alone, identify potential prognostic factors, and evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 208 dogs. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed, long-term follow-up information was obtained, and survival data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS 154 dogs were treated with surgery alone, and 54 were treated with surgery and chemotherapy. Twenty-eight dogs received conventional chemotherapy, 13 received cyclophosphamide-based metronomic chemotherapy, and 13 received both conventional and metronomic chemotherapy. Median survival time of dogs treated with splenectomy alone was 1.6 months. Clinical stage was the only prognostic factor significantly associated with survival time. When the entire follow-up period was considered, there was no significant difference in survival time between dogs treated with surgery alone and dogs treated with surgery and chemotherapy. However, during the first 4 months of follow-up, after adjusting for the effects of clinical stage, survival time was significantly prolonged among dogs receiving any type of chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.6) and among dogs receiving both conventional and metronomic chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.4). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinical stage was strongly associated with prognosis for dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma. Chemotherapy was effective in prolonging survival time during the early portion of the follow-up period. Combinations of doxorubicin-based conventional protocols and cyclophosphamide-based metronomic protocols appeared to be more effective than either type of chemotherapy alone, but prolongations in survival time resulting from current protocols were modest.
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8
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Dickerson EB, Bryan BA. Beta Adrenergic Signaling: A Targetable Regulator of Angiosarcoma and Hemangiosarcoma. Vet Sci 2015; 2:270-292. [PMID: 29061946 PMCID: PMC5644640 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci2030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human angiosarcomas and canine hemangiosarcomas are highly aggressive cancers thought to arise from cells of vascular origin. The pathological features, morphological organization, and clinical behavior of canine hemangiosarcomas are virtually indistinct from those of human angiosarcomas. Overall survival with current standard-of-care approaches remains dismal for both humans and dogs, and each is likely to succumb to their disease within a short duration. While angiosarcomas in humans are extremely rare, limiting their study and treatment options, canine hemangiosarcomas occur frequently. Therefore, studies of these sarcomas in dogs can be used to advance treatment approaches for both patient groups. Emerging data suggest that angiosarcomas and hemangiosarcomas utilize beta adrenergic signaling to drive their progression by regulating the tumor cell niche and fine-tuning cellular responses within the tumor microenvironment. These discoveries indicate that inhibition of beta adrenergic signaling could serve as an Achilles heel for these tumors and emphasize the need to design therapeutic strategies that target tumor cell and stromal cell constituents. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries and present new hypotheses regarding the roles of beta adrenergic signaling in angiosarcomas and hemangiosarcomas. Because the use of beta adrenergic receptor antagonists is well established in human and veterinary medicine, beta blockade could provide an immediate adjunct therapy for treatment along with a tangible opportunity to improve upon the outcomes of both humans and dogs with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Dickerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Brad A Bryan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79912, USA.
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9
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Gardner HL, London CA, Portela RA, Nguyen S, Rosenberg MP, Klein MK, Clifford C, Thamm DH, Vail DM, Bergman P, Crawford-Jakubiak M, Henry C, Locke J, Garrett LD. Maintenance therapy with toceranib following doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for canine splenic hemangiosarcoma. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:131. [PMID: 26062540 PMCID: PMC4464614 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spenic hemangiosarcoma (HSA) in dogs treated with surgery alone is associated with short survival times, and the addition of doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy only modestly improves outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of toceranib administration on progression free survival in dogs with stage I or II HSA following splenectomy and single agent DOX chemotherapy. We hypothesized that dogs with splenic HSA treated with adjuvant DOX followed by toceranib would have prolonged disease-free interval (DFI) and overall survival time (OS) when compared to historical dogs treated with DOX-based chemotherapy alone. RESULTS Dogs with stage I or II splenic HSA were administered 5 cycles of single-agent DOX every 2 weeks beginning within 14 days of splenectomy. Dogs were restaged 2 weeks after completing DOX, and those without evidence of metastatic disease began toceranib therapy at 3.25 mg/kg every other day. Forty-three dogs were enrolled in this clinical trial. Seven dogs had evidence of metastatic disease either before or at re-staging, and an additional 3 dogs were found to have metastatic disease within 1 week of toceranib administration. Therefore 31 dogs went on to receive toceranib following completion of doxorubicin treatment. Twenty-five dogs that received toceranib developed metastatic disease. The median disease free interval for all dogs enrolled in this study (n = 43) was 138 days, and the median disease free interval for those dogs that went on to receive toceranib (n = 31) was 161 days. The median survival time for all dogs enrolled in this study was 169 days, and the median survival time for those dogs that went on to receive toceranib was 172 days. CONCLUSIONS The use of toceranib following DOX chemotherapy does not improve either disease free interval or overall survival in dogs with stage I or II HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Gardner
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 454 VMAB, 1925 Coffey Rd, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cheryl A London
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 454 VMAB, 1925 Coffey Rd, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Roberta A Portela
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Veterinary Medicine, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas H Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - David M Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Phil Bergman
- VCA Katonah Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hill, NY, USA
| | | | - Carolyn Henry
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Locke
- Southeast Veterinary Oncology and Medicine, Orange Park, FL, USA
| | - Laura D Garrett
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Veterinary Medicine, Champaign, IL, USA
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Chikazawa S, Hori Y, Hoshi F, Kanai K, Ito N, Higuchi S. Hyperferritinemia in dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1515-8. [PMID: 23803459 PMCID: PMC3942987 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum ferritin concentration increases in dogs in association with various diseases. In
this study, we measured serum ferritin levels in dogs with splenic masses, using a
sandwich ELISA assay. Eleven dogs with hemangiosarcoma (HSA), six with hematoma, 1 with
hemangioma and 3 with lymphoma were enrolled. All dogs with HSA had serum ferritin
concentrations above the normal limit (1,357 ng/ml, mean
+ 2× standard deviation of normal). Increased serum ferritin concentrations have also been
observed in few cases of hematoma, hemangioma and lymphoma. Therefore, hyperferritinemia
is not specific for splenic HSA, but may have clinical usefulness as a sensitive test for
the disease. Further evaluation of serum ferritin concentrations in dogs with splenic HSA
is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishiro Chikazawa
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Pirie CG, Knollinger AM, Thomas CB, Dubielzig RR. Canine conjunctival hemangioma and hemangiosarcoma: a retrospective evaluation of 108 cases (1989-2004). Vet Ophthalmol 2006; 9:215-26. [PMID: 16771756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine conjunctival tumors of vascular endothelial origin are common, although under-reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of and potential risk factors for these tumors. This study evaluated 108 cases (70 hemangiomas, 38 hemangiosarcomas) from 8300 canine submissions between 1989 and 2004. Signalment, location, pigmentation, size, duration, diagnosis, margins, ancillary therapy, and geographic location were recorded. Follow-up information was available for 49 cases. Each case was matched with two unaffected controls and compared using logistic regression analysis. Average age upon presentation was 8.6 years; there was no sex predilection. Risk of conjunctival tumors was statistically different among breed groups (P = 0.0010), demonstrating a propensity to occur in groups likely to have increased outdoor activity. Primary involvement occurred within nonpigmented epithelium along the leading edge of the nictitating membrane (41/108) and temporal bulbar conjunctiva (33/108). The etiology remains unknown; however, the strong site predilection, involvement of nonpigmented epithelium, and development within specific breed classes strongly suggest ultraviolet (UV) light as a significant risk factor. In a full-logistic model including breed, gender, age, and UV exposure, UV was not a statistically significant variable (P = 0.1215). In a reduced-model including UV only, significance was approached (P = 0.0696) and posthoc contrast demonstrated a significant linear trend with increasing UV exposure (P = 0.0147). In separate analysis of risks associated with hemangiosarcoma, compared with hemangioma, breed was not significant while increasing UV exposure was significant (P = 0.0381). Early surgical therapy is recommended and may be curative; however, recurrence is possible and more likely with hemangiosarcomas (11/20).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris G Pirie
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Madison-Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1102, USA
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12
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Selting KA, Powers BE, Thompson LJ, Mittleman E, Tyler JW, Lafferty MH, Withrow SJ. Outcome of dogs with high-grade soft tissue sarcomas treated with and without adjuvant doxorubicin chemotherapy: 39 cases (1996-2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005; 227:1442-8. [PMID: 16279389 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2005.227.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of adjuvant doxorubicin chemotherapy on outcome in dogs with high-grade (grade 3) soft tissue sarcomas (HGSTSs). DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 39 dogs. PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs with HGSTSs were reviewed. Dogs treated with surgery alone or receiving single-agent doxorubicin chemotherapy postoperatively were included in the study. Owners and referring veterinarians were contacted for follow-up information. Slides from histologic sections were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis of HGSTSs. Cases in which follow-up examination was not performed and radiation therapy or chemotherapy other than doxorubicin was administered were excluded. RESULTS 39 dogs met inclusion criteria. Twenty-one dogs received adjuvant doxorubicin. Tumor-, patient-, and treatment-related variables were not significantly associated with measured outcomes including local, metastatic, and overall disease-free intervals as well as survival time. Overall median disease-free interval was 724 days with a median survival time of 856 days for all dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy did not benefit this population of dogs with HGSTSs. Outcome for visceral HGSTSs was similar to that of nonvisceral HGSTSs in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Selting
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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13
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Thamm DH. SAHA and hemangiosarcoma: another view. Vet Comp Oncol 2005; 3:101. [PMID: 19379219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5810.2005.00071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liptak JM, Dernell WS, Ehrhart EJ, Rizzo SA, Rooney MB, Withrow SJ. Retroperitoneal sarcomas in dogs: 14 cases (1992–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224:1471-7. [PMID: 15124889 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical features, surgical and histologic findings, biological behavior, and outcome of dogs with retroperitoneal sarcomas. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 14 dogs. PROCEDURES Medical and pathology records from 1992 to 2002 of dogs with tumors originating in the retroperitoneal space were reviewed. Dogs with retroperitoneal tumors originating from the adrenal glands, kidneys, or ureters were excluded. Inclusion criteria included observation of a tumor arising from the retroperitoneal space during exploratory surgery or necropsy and histologic confirmation of tumor type. Details of clinical signs, diagnostic findings, surgical management, and outcome were determined from medical records and telephone interviews with veterinarians and owners. RESULTS Retroperitoneal sarcoma was diagnosed in 14 dogs, 2 at necropsy and 12 during exploratory surgery. Hemangiosarcoma was the most common histologic diagnosis. Seven dogs had regional extension of the sarcoma into adjacent organs, and 4 dogs had metastatic disease. Grossly complete resection was possible in 6 dogs. Cytoreductive surgery or incisional biopsy was performed in the remaining dogs. Two dogs were treated with palliative radiation therapy (1 intraoperatively and 1 postoperatively). Three dogs received adjunctive chemotherapy, although none completed the targeted course because of development of local recurrence or metastatic disease. Local recurrence was reported in 2 of 12 dogs and metastasis in 10 of 14 dogs. Thirteen dogs died or were euthanatized as a result of the retroperitoneal sarcoma; 1 dog was alive and disease-free 410 days after surgery. Median survival time was 37.5 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In dogs, retroperitoneal sarcomas are aggressive tumors with a high rate of local recurrence and metastasis, and a poor survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius M Liptak
- Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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