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Chen X, Cheng Z, Xu J, Wang Q, Zhao Z, Jiang Q. No genetic association between sleep traits and periodontitis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Cranio 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39075864 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2024.2384681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the potential genetic link between sleep traits and periodontitis. METHODS A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using publicly available genome-wide association studies data on chronotype, daytime sleepiness, daytime napping frequency, insomnia, sleep duration, snoring, and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), along with a separate dataset on periodontitis. RESULTS Chronotype (OR = 0.929, 95% CI = 0.788-1.095), daytime sleepiness (OR = 0.492, 95% CI = 0.186-1.306), daytime napping frequency (OR = 1.178, 95% CI = 0.745-1.863), sleep duration (OR = 0.868, 95% CI = 0.644-1.169), AHI (OR = 1.124, 95% CI = 0.980-1.289), insomnia (OR = 0.832, 95% CI = 0.440-1.573), and snoring (OR = 0.641, 95% CI = 0.198-2.075) had no effect on periodontitis. Similarly, periodontitis demonstrated no significant effect on sleep traits. CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence of a bidirectional genetic relationship between sleep traits and the risk of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyu Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhibai Zhao
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianglin Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
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Do MH, Li H, Shin SY, Cho SY, Oh S, Jeong JM. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of BenTooth: A natural product blend of burdock root, persimmon leaf extracts, and quercetin on periodontal disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30835. [PMID: 38770307 PMCID: PMC11103472 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease represents a condition that exhibits substantial global morbidity, and is characterized by the infection and inflammation of the periodontal tissue effectuated by bacterial pathogens. The present study aimed at evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of BenTooth, an edible natural product mixture comprising burdock root extract, persimmon leaf extract and quercetin, against periodontitis both in vitro and in vivo. BenTooth was examined for antimicrobial properties and its impact on cellular responses related to inflammation and bone resorption. Its effects were also assessed in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis. BenTooth demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis and S. mutans. In RAW264.7 cells, it notably diminished the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as reduced interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels triggered by P. gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, BenTooth inhibited osteoclastogenesis mediated by the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand. In the rat model, BenTooth consumption mitigated the ligature-induced expansion in distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest and bolstered the bone volume fraction. These results present BenTooth as a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention and remediation of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Ho Do
- Biotechnology Research Center, Ben's Lab Co., Ltd., Beolmal-ro 123, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, 14056, Republic of Korea
| | - Hua Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Ben's Lab Co., Ltd., Beolmal-ro 123, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, 14056, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yong Shin
- Biotechnology Research Center, Ben's Lab Co., Ltd., Beolmal-ro 123, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, 14056, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Cho
- Biotechnology Research Center, Ben's Lab Co., Ltd., Beolmal-ro 123, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, 14056, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Oh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Ben's Lab Co., Ltd., Beolmal-ro 123, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, 14056, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Moon Jeong
- Biotechnology Research Center, Ben's Lab Co., Ltd., Beolmal-ro 123, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, 14056, Republic of Korea
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Bianchi G, de'Angelis N, Gavriilidis P, Sobhani I, de'Angelis GL, Carra MC. Oral microbiota in obstructive sleep apnea patients: a systematic review. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:1203-1216. [PMID: 36207622 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence suggests that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at increased risk of suffering from periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues associated with a dysbiotic oral microbiota. This systematic review aims to explore the current literature about the composition of the oral microbiota in patients with OSA compared to those without OSA. METHODS Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched in May 2022 to identify original articles investigating the oral microbiota composition and/or oral microbiome (any microbiological technique) of patients with OSA (adults or children) vs. controls. Case report, reviews, and animal studies were excluded. RESULTS Of over 279 articles initially identified, 8 were selected, of which 3 dealt with pediatric patients. Overall, 344 patients with OSA and 131 controls were included. Five studies used salivary samples, 2 oral mucosal swabs, and 1 subgingival plaque sample. With different methods to characterize oral microbiota, 6/8 studies observed significant differences between patients with OSA patients and controls in the composition and relative abundance of several bacteria species/genera linked to periodontitis. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the available literature, the present systematic review indicates that OSA and related conditions (e.g., mouth breathing) are associated with different oral microbiota compositions, which may underlie the association between OSA and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Bianchi
- Service of General Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Creteil, France
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola de'Angelis
- Service of General Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Creteil, France
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Est, UPEC, Creteil, France
| | - Paschalis Gavriilidis
- Department of HBP Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Iradj Sobhani
- Department of Gastroenterology, APHP-Henri Mondor University Hospital, Creteil, France
- EC2M-EA7375 Research Team, Henri Mondor Campus, Paris East University, Creteil, France
| | - Gian Luigi de'Angelis
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Clotilde Carra
- Service of Odontology, Unit of Oral and Periodontal Surgery, Rothschild University Hospital and University Paris Cité, 5, rue Santerre, Paris, France.
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Bie M, Wu P, Zhou J, Li Y, Zhao L. Periodontal health status in cirrhotic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:362. [PMID: 37277748 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Liver cirrhosis is a disease with widespread prevalence and high mortality. Oral manifestations, particularly periodontal-related manifestations such as bleeding gums, red and swollen gums, are common in cirrhotic patients but may often be overshadowed by other systemic complications, making them easy to ignore. So this article conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of periodontal health status in patients with cirrhosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed electronic searches on the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Risk of bias evaluation was carried out according to the Fowkes and Fulton guidelines. Meta-analyses were performed with tests for sensitivity and statistical heterogeneity. RESULTS Of the 368 potentially eligible articles, 12 studies were included for qualitative analysis, and 9 contributed to the meta-analysis. In terms of periodontal-related parameters, cirrhotic patients presented a greater mean of clinical attachment loss (CAL) (weighted mean differences [WMD] = 1.078, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.546-1.609, p < 0.001), probing depth (PD) (WMD = 0.796, 95% CI: 0.158 to 1.434, p = 0.015) and alveolar bone loss (ABL) (WMD = 3.465, 95% CI: 2.946-3.984, p < 0.001) than those without, while no statistical difference was found in the papillary bleeding index (PBI) (WMD = 0.166, 95% CI: -0546 to 0.878, p = 0.647) and bleeding on probing (BOP) (WMD = 4.913, 95% CI: -3.099 to 12.926, p = 0.229). The prevalence of periodontitis was higher in cirrhotic patients than in the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 2.630, 95% CI: 1.531-4.520, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that cirrhotic patients have poor periodontal conditions and a higher prevalence of periodontitis. We advocate that they should receive regular oral hygiene and basic periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Bie
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, NO.14 Ren Min South Road 3Rd Section, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyao Wu
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, NO.14 Ren Min South Road 3Rd Section, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, NO.14 Ren Min South Road 3Rd Section, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, NO.14 Ren Min South Road 3Rd Section, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Lee YH, Kim H, Heo DW, Ahn IS, Auh QS. Volatile sulfide compounds and oral microorganisms on the inner surface of masks in individuals with halitosis during COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2487. [PMID: 36781937 PMCID: PMC9924882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mask-wearing is still recommended owing to the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Within the closed chamber created by the mask, people are increasingly self-aware of their oral malodor. In this prospective and cross-sectional study, we aimed to measure volatile sulfide compound (VSC) levels in patients with halitosis and investigate the oral microbiome profile on the inner surface of their KF94 masks. We also investigated which oral microbiota increases VSC levels and whether the oral microbiomes of oral saliva and mask are correlated. A total of 50 subjects (41 women, average age 38.12 ± 12.58 years old) were included in the study, 25 healthy subjects and 25 patients with halitosis who wore masks for more than 3 h. The dominant bacterial species, bacterial profile, and Shannon diversity index of whole unstimulated saliva and the inner surface of the mask were investigated. The bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes of the major oral bacterial species were analyzed using real-time PCR. Gas chromatography was used to measure hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), which are representative VSCs. The total bacterial DNA copy number was significantly higher in the saliva sample than in the mask sample (p < 0.001), and the average value was 276 times greater. Shannon diversity index was also significantly higher in saliva than in the inner surface of the mask (2.62 ± 0.81 vs. 1.15 ± 1.52, p < 0.001). The most common Gram-negative and Gram-positive species in the masks were Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Lactobacillus casei (Lc), respectively. The bacterial species with significant positive correlations between saliva and mask samples were Prevotella intermedia (Pi) (r = 0.324, p = 0.022), Eikenella corrodens (r = 0.309, p = 0.029), Lc (r = 0.293, p = 0.039), and Parvimonas micra (Pm) (r = 0.366, p = 0.009). The mean value of CH3SH was significantly higher in the halitosis group than in the non-halitosis group (17.84 ± 29.00 vs. 3.84 ± 10.57 ppb, p = 0.031). In the halitosis group, the DNA copy numbers and VSC levels showed highly positive correlation coefficients in the order Pg, Treponema denticola (Td), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Pi, and Prevotella nigrescens (Pn) (all p < 0.05). Regarding bacterial profiles of the mask, Td was strongly correlated with CH3SH (r = 0.414, p = 0.040) and total VSCs (r = 0.374, p = 0.033) only in halitosis group. Mask-wearing time was strongly correlated with total VSCs, H2S, and CH3SH (all r > 0.8, p < 0.001). Oral bacteria, whose association with halitosis has been identified, increased VSC levels in mask-wearing subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly the number of Gram-negative anaerobes such as Pg and Td. Mask-wearing time was a major factor in increasing VSC levels. The study results suggest that people with halitosis could control these Gram-negative bacteria by improving oral hygiene and regularly changing masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Lee
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, #613 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Hyeongrok Kim
- Life Science Institute, Denomics Inc. 518, 5 Digital-Ro 26-Gil, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08389, South Korea
| | - Dae Wook Heo
- Life Science Institute, Denomics Inc. 518, 5 Digital-Ro 26-Gil, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08389, South Korea
| | - In-Suk Ahn
- Life Science Institute, Denomics Inc. 518, 5 Digital-Ro 26-Gil, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08389, South Korea
| | - Q-Schick Auh
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, #613 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
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6
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Jia G, Ren Z. Changes of Oral Flora, Inflammatory Factors, and Immune Function Indicators in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Their Clinical Significance. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2023; 33:57-64. [PMID: 37602453 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023048819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
This research focuses on investigating the changes of oral flora, inflammatory factors, and immune function indicators in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and their clinical significances. Clinical indices such as gingival index (GI) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) of the study subjects were recorded. The levels of oral flora, inflammatory factors and T lymphocyte subsets in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of the study subjects were measured. To analyze the correlation between GI and gingival SBI and oral flora, inflammatory factors, and immune function indicators, Pearson correlation analysis was performed. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus digestiveis, Prevotella intermedia, Veronococcus, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ had a positive correlation with GI and SBI, while IL-10 and CD8+ were negatively correlated with GI and SBI. Oral flora, inflammatory factors and immune function indicators levels are largely elevated in patients with CP and they are correlated with CP clinical indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Jia
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhenhu Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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Design of a nanofibrous guided tissue regeneration carrier as a potential drug delivery system for tetracycline hydrochloride in the management of periodontitis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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8
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Sharma G, Garg N, Hasan S, Shirodkar S. Prevotella: An insight into its characteristics and associated virulence factors. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105673. [PMID: 35843443 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prevotella species, a gram-negative obligate anaerobe, is commonly associated with human infections such as dental caries and periodontitis, as well as other conditions such as chronic osteomyelitis, bite-related infections, rheumatoid arthritis and intestinal diseases like ulcerative colitis. This generally harmless commensal possesses virulence factors such as adhesins, hemolysins, secretion systems exopolysaccharide, LPS, proteases, quorum sensing molecules and antibiotic resistance to evolve into a well-adapted pathogen capable of causing successful infection and proliferation in the host tissue. This review describes several of these virulence factors and their advantage to Prevotella spp. in causing inflammatory diseases like periodontitis. In addition, using genome analysis of Prevotella reference strains, we examined other putative virulence determinants which can provide insights as biomarkers and be the targets for effective interventions in Prevotella related diseases like periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida Campus, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Nancy Garg
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida Campus, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Shamimul Hasan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sheetal Shirodkar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida Campus, Noida, 201313, India.
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Chen Y, Chen X, Huang X, Duan Y, Gao H, Gao X. Analysis of Salivary Microbiome and Its Association With Periodontitis in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:752475. [PMID: 34950605 PMCID: PMC8688821 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.752475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to analyze the periodontal conditions of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in relation to the salivary microbiome. Materials and Methods In total, 54 male adults (27 with OSA, 27 controls) completed this cross-sectional study. All participants were monitored by overnight polysomnography (PSG) and underwent full-mouth periodontal examination. Saliva samples were then collected, and the microbial 16S ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced. The data were analyzed to determine the microbial distribution and the community structure of the two groups. Results Demonstrated by alpha and beta diversity, the OSA group had a lower microbial richness and a lower observed species than the controls. There was no significant difference in the microbial species diversity or evenness between the OSA and the non-OSA groups. The OSA group had fewer operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and the distribution of microbiome showed that several gram-positive bacteria had higher abundance in the OSA group. As for periodontal pathogens, the relative abundance of Prevotella was significantly increased in the OSA group. No significant difference was observed in the relative abundance of other pathogens at either the genus or species level. Conclusions The salivary microbial community structure was altered in patients with OSA in terms of species richness and trans-habitat diversity, along with an increase in Prevotella, a specific periodontal pathogen. These findings might explain the high prevalence of periodontitis in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Duan
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Airforce Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - He Gao
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Airforce Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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10
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Agarwal A, Saxena A, Gummaluri SS, Chaudhary B, Subramanyam S Sai K, Kumar G. Clinical and microbiological evaluation of 940-nm diode laser as an adjunct to modified Widman flap for the management of chronic periodontitis: A 6-month randomized split-mouth clinical trial. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2021; 15:133-139. [PMID: 34386186 PMCID: PMC8346706 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2021.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The present randomized clinical trial aimed to determine the additive clinical and microbiological benefits of diode laser (DL) with modified Widman flap (MWF) to manage chronic periodontitis. Methods. Seventy-two sites in 36 healthy non-smoking patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to the test group (MWF + active DL) or control group (MWF + sham DL). Clinical (probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL]) and microbiological (colony-forming units [CFUs]) measurements were recorded at baseline and 6- and 6-month postoperative intervals. Results. Compared to baseline, 6-month results showed significant changes in clinical and microbiological parameters in both groups. However, the intergroup comparison revealed significantly lower PPD (1.90±0.48 mm vs. 2.35±0.41 mm), CAL (4.43±0.57 mm vs. 4.93±0.58 mm), and CFUs for Porphyromonas gingivalis (6.32±0.18 vs. 8.88 ±1.88), Prevotella intermedia (7.62±1.86 vs. 8.12±1.78), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (6.43±1.44 vs. 7.24±1.22) in the test group after six months. Conclusion. Within the limitations, the present study confirmed the useful role of DL with MWF to manage chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Agarwal
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anugrah Saxena
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shiva Shankar Gummaluri
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bharti Chaudhary
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Geetika Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, India
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Insertional Inactivation of Prevotella intermedia OxyR Results in Reduced Survival with Oxidative Stress and in the Presence of Host Cells. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030551. [PMID: 33800047 PMCID: PMC7999485 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most abundant bacteria in the subgingival pockets of patients with bleeding following mechanical periodontal therapy is Prevotella intermedia. However, despite its abundance, the molecular mechanisms of its contribution to periodontal disease are not well known. This is mainly due to the lack of genetic tools that would allow examination of the role of predicted virulence factors in the pathogenesis of this bacterium. Here, we report on the first mutant in the P. intermedia OMA14 strain. The mutation is an allelic exchange replacement of the sequences coding for a putative OxyR regulator with ermF sequences coding for the macrolide-lincosamide resistance in anaerobic bacteria. The mutant is severely impaired in its ability to grow with eukaryotic cells, indicating that it is an important target for interventional strategies. Further analyses reveal that its ability to grow with oxidative stress species, in the form of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, is severely affected. Transcriptome analysis reveals that the major deregulated genes code for the alkylhydroperoxide reductase system, AhpCF, mediating protection from peroxide stress. Moreover, genes coding for Dps, CydA and Ftn are downregulated in the mutant strain, as further verified using qRT-PCR analysis. In conclusion, we succeeded in generating the first P. intermedia mutant and show that the OxyR-deficient strain is unable to survive with a variety of host cells as well as with oxidative stress.
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12
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Ben Lagha A, Pellerin G, Vaillancourt K, Grenier D. Effects of a tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) phenolic extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis and its ability to impair the oral epithelial barrier. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246194. [PMID: 33497417 PMCID: PMC7837497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are a global oral health problem. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key pathogen involved in the onset of periodontitis, is able to colonize the subgingival epithelium and invade the underlying connective tissue due to the contribution of cysteine proteases known as gingipains. In this study, we investigated the effects of a phenolic extract prepared from tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) juice on the growth, adherence, and protease activity of P. gingivalis. We also assessed the protective effect of the tart cherry extract on the disruption of the oral epithelial barrier induced by P. gingivalis. The tart cherry extract that contains procyanidins and quercetin and its derivatives (rutinoside, glucoside) as the most important phenolic compounds attenuated P. gingivalis growth, reduced adherence to an experimental basement membrane matrix model, and decreased the protease activities of P. gingivalis. The tart cherry extract also exerted a protective effect on the integrity of the oral epithelial barrier in an in vitro model infected with P. gingivalis. More specifically, the extract prevented a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance as well as the destruction of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 and occludin). These results suggest that the tart cherry phenolic extract may be a promising natural product for the treatment of periodontitis through its ability to attenuate the virulence properties of P. gingivalis and curtail the ability of this pathogen to impair the oral epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pellerin
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Katy Vaillancourt
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Amin M, Tang S, Shalamanova L, Taylor RL, Wylie S, Abdullah BM, Whitehead KA. Polyamine biomarkers as indicators of human disease. Biomarkers 2021; 26:77-94. [PMID: 33439737 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1875506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The significant increase of periodontitis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), Alzheimer's disease and cancer can be attributed to an ageing population. Each disease produces a range of biomarkers that can be indicative of disease onset and progression. Biomarkers are defined as cellular (intra/extracellular components and whole cells), biochemical (metabolites, ions and toxins) or molecular (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids) alterations which are measurable in biological media such as human tissues, cells or fluids. An interesting group of biomarkers that merit further investigation are the polyamines. Polyamines are a group of molecules consisting of cadaverine, putrescine, spermine and spermidine and have been implicated in the development of a range of systemic diseases, in part due to their production in periodontitis. Cadaverine and putrescine within the periodontal environment have demonstrated cell signalling interfering abilities, by way of leukocyte migration disruption. The polyamines spermine and spermidine in tumour cells have been shown to inhibit cellular apoptosis, effectively prolonging tumorigenesis and continuation of cancer within the host. Polyamine degradation products such as acrolein have been shown to exacerbate renal damage in CKD patients. Thus, the use of such molecules has merit to be utilized in the early indication of such diseases in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Amin
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Department of Engineering and Technology, Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shiying Tang
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Liliana Shalamanova
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca L Taylor
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Wylie
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Civil Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Badr M Abdullah
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Kugaji MS, Muddapur UM, Bhat KG, Joshi VM, Kumbar VM, Peram MR. Quantitative Evaluation of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Indian Subjects With Chronic Periodontitis by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206819863952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims:Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis) is considered as an important pathogen responsible for periodontal disease which is characterized by inflammation of gingiva and destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone leading to loss of tooth. Along with clinical investigations, suitable microbiological analysis needs to be performed which could provide more insight into the disease severity. We aim to quantify P. gingivalis by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and analyze its association with demographic data including clinical parameters.Materials and Methods:The study consisted of chronic periodontitis patients (CP group) and healthy subjects (H group) with 120 samples in each group. RT-PCR was carried out by the SYBR Green assay to target 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid species-specific region of P. gingivalis. Standard strain of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 was used as a control.Results:In the CP group, 79.16% samples were found positive for P. gingivalis, whereas 29.17% samples were positive in the H group. A significant difference was found when the prevalence was compared within males and females ( P < .001 for both). In the older age groups, we found a higher rate of detection of P. gingivalis. As analyzed by Spearman’s correlation test, the number of cells of P. gingivalis was significantly associated with probing depth ( P = .02) and clinical attachment level ( P = .01) in the CP group. The mean cell number of P. gingivalis was found to be increasing with increasing levels of probing depth and clinical attachment level ( P < .001 and P = .01, respectively).Conclusion:The present study reaffirms that the P. gingivalis microbe is significantly associated with the chronic periodontitis and that its level varies with the severity of the disease. Colonization of the bacterium is significantly associated with severe forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar S. Kugaji
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Uday M. Muddapur
- B.V. Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology, Hubballi, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore G. Bhat
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinayak M. Joshi
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vijay M. Kumbar
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Peram
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Alghamdi AS, Almarghlani AA. Periodontal pathogenic bacteria among high school children in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2019; 39:244-250. [PMID: 31381369 PMCID: PMC6838648 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2019.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The periodontal tissues are continuously exposed to specific bacterial components that have the ability to alter many local functions. Normal endogenous infections in healthy mouths cause disease when their numbers increase significantly. OBJECTIVE Determine the percentage of different periodontal pathogenic bacteria and their association with periodontal status. DESIGN Cross-sectional, analytical. SETTINGS School children of both genders in Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical examination consisted of measurement of the gingival and periodontal supporting tissue including attachment loss, probing pocket depth and furcation involvement following the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and taking samples of the subgingival bacterial flora. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The percentage of periodontal pathogenic bacteria and its association with periodontal status in Saudi Arabia. SAMPLE SIZE Bacterial samples were collected from 277 subjects. RESULTS Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was present in 21.7% of the subjects, Porphyromonas gingivalis in 21.3%; Tannerella forsythia in 10.1%; Treponema denticola in 34.7% and Prevotella inter-media in 12.3%. The red complex bacteria were found in 2.9% of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS The percentages of bacteria varied but only T denticola was significantly associated with periodontal breakdown. In addition, the presence of more than 2 of the 5 species tested were significantly associated with tissue damage. LIMITATIONS Cannot be generalized to all of Saudi Arabia. Larger controlled studies are needed. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S. Alghamdi
- From the Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar A. Almarghlani
- From the Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Cui X, Liu J, Xiao W, Chu Y, Ouyang X. Subgingival microbiome in Chinese patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis compared to healthy controls. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:92-99. [PMID: 30909081 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to profile the subgingival microbiome of Chinese adults with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) using human oral microbe identification microarray (HOMIM), and to compare the results with matched periodontal healthy controls. DESIGN 15 subjects with GAgP and 15 age- and gender- matched periodontal healthy controls were included. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest pockets of patients with GAgP and matched sites in controls and then analyzed by 16S rRNA-based microarrays. Student's paired t-test was used to compare clinical parameters and mean number of bacterial taxa detected between the two groups. Fisher's exact probability test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum were used to compare bacterial species between all samples. A multiple linear regression model was used for correlations among age, gender and bacterial with clinical parameters. RESULTS From a total sum of 379 strains tested, 171 bacterial strains were detected from subgingival plaques of the GAgP patients, more than the 157 strains detected in control group. Mean number of subgingival bacterial taxa detected in GAgP group was 68 (SD = 21.06) while in control group was 45 (SD = 21.60). 47 bacterial taxa were detected more frequently in GAgP group while 12 taxa were more prevalent in control group. The significantly more prevalent and abundant taxa of bacteria in GAgP group included Filifactor alocis, Desulfobulbus sp., Fretibacterium sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromon as endodontalis, Peptostreptococcaceae spp., Parvimonas micra, Eubacterium nodatum and Eubacterium saphenum. Meanwhile the more abundant taxa in control group were Streptococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS There are more taxa of bacteria in subgingival plaques of Chinese patients with GAgP than in healthy controls. F. alocis, Desulfobulbus sp., Fretibacterium sp., P. gingivalis and T. forsythia are strongly associated with GAgP. High-throughout microbiological results may help dentists have a better understanding of subgingival microbiome of GAgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Cui
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianru Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenmei Xiao
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangying Ouyang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Detection of antibodies against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in serum and saliva through ELISA in periodontally healthy individuals and individuals with chronic periodontitis. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:438-442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Comparison of antibacterial effect of photodynamic therapy using indocyanine green (Emundo) with 2% metronidazole and 2% chlorhexidine gel on Porphyromonas gingivalis (an in-vitro study). Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ben Lagha A, Grenier D. Black tea theaflavins attenuate Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence properties, modulate gingival keratinocyte tight junction integrity and exert anti-inflammatory activity. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:458-470. [PMID: 27549582 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Over the last 10 years, bioactive plant food compounds have received considerable attention in regard to their beneficial effects against periodontal disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of black tea theaflavins (TFs) on the virulence properties of Porphyromonas gingivalis and gingival keratinocyte tight junction integrity. In addition, the effects of black tea TFs on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and proinflammatory cytokine/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion by monocytes/macrophages were assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Virulence factor gene expression in P. gingivalis was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR. A fluorescence assay was used to determine P. gingivalis adherence to, and invasion of, a gingival keratinocyte monolayer. Tight junction integrity of gingival keratinocytes was assessed by determination of transepithelial electrical resistance. Proinflammatory cytokine and MMP secretion by P. gingivalis-stimulated macrophages was quantified by ELISA. The U937-3xκB-LUC monocyte cell line transfected with a luciferase reporter gene was used to monitor NF-κB activation. Gelatin degradation was monitored using a fluorogenic assay. RESULTS Black tea TFs dose-dependently inhibited the expression of genes encoding the major virulence factors of P. gingivalis and attenuated its adherence to gingival keratinocytes. A treatment of gingival keratinocytes with black tea TFs significantly enhanced tight junction integrity and prevented P. gingivalis-mediated tight junction damage as well as bacterial invasion. Black tea TFs reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 8, MMP-3, MMP-8 and MMP-9 by P. gingivalis-stimulated macrophages and attenuated the P. gingivalis-mediated activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Lastly, black tea TFs inhibited gelatin degradation by MMP-9. CONCLUSION This study provides clear evidence that black tea TFs represent promising multifunctional therapeutic agents for prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - D Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Silva N, Abusleme L, Bravo D, Dutzan N, Garcia-Sesnich J, Vernal R, Hernández M, Gamonal J. Host response mechanisms in periodontal diseases. J Appl Oral Sci 2015. [PMID: 26221929 PMCID: PMC4510669 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases usually refer to common inflammatory disorders known as gingivitis and periodontitis, which are caused by a pathogenic microbiota in the subgingival biofilm, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola that trigger innate, inflammatory, and adaptive immune responses. These processes result in the destruction of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, and eventually in tissue, bone and finally, tooth loss. The innate immune response constitutes a homeostatic system, which is the first line of defense, and is able to recognize invading microorganisms as non-self, triggering immune responses to eliminate them. In addition to the innate immunity, adaptive immunity cells and characteristic cytokines have been described as important players in the periodontal disease pathogenesis scenario, with a special attention to CD4+ T-cells (T-helper cells). Interestingly, the T cell-mediated adaptive immunity development is highly dependent on innate immunity-associated antigen presenting cells, which after antigen capture undergo into a maturation process and migrate towards the lymph nodes, where they produce distinct patterns of cytokines that will contribute to the subsequent polarization and activation of specific T CD4+ lymphocytes. Skeletal homeostasis depends on a dynamic balance between the activities of the bone-forming osteoblasts (OBLs) and bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs). This balance is tightly controlled by various regulatory systems, such as the endocrine system, and is influenced by the immune system, an osteoimmunological regulation depending on lymphocyte- and macrophage-derived cytokines. All these cytokines and inflammatory mediators are capable of acting alone or in concert, to stimulate periodontal breakdown and collagen destruction via tissue-derived matrix metalloproteinases, a characterization of the progression of periodontitis as a stage that presents a significantly host immune and inflammatory response to the microbial challenge that determine of susceptibility to develop the destructive/progressive periodontitis under the influence of multiple behavioral, environmental and genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Silva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Denisse Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Dutzan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jocelyn Garcia-Sesnich
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Gamonal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Grenier D, Chen H, Ben Lagha A, Fournier-Larente J, Morin MP. Dual Action of Myricetin on Porphyromonas gingivalis and the Inflammatory Response of Host Cells: A Promising Therapeutic Molecule for Periodontal Diseases. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131758. [PMID: 26121135 PMCID: PMC4487256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis that affects the underlying structures of the periodontium, including the alveolar bone, is a multifactorial disease, whose etiology involves interactions between specific bacterial species of the subgingival biofilm and the host immune components. In the present study, we investigated the effects of myricetin, a flavonol largely distributed in fruits and vegetables, on growth and virulence properties of Porphyromonas gingivalis as well as on the P. gingivalis-induced inflammatory response in host cells. Minimal inhibitory concentration values of myricetin against P. gingivalis were in the range of 62.5 to 125 μg/ml. The iron-chelating activity of myricetin may contribute to the antibacterial activity of this flavonol. Myricetin was found to attenuate the virulence of P. gingivalis by reducing the expression of genes coding for important virulence factors, including proteinases (rgpA, rgpB, and kgp) and adhesins (fimA, hagA, and hagB). Myricetin dose-dependently prevented NF-κB activation in a monocyte model. Moreover, it inhibited the secretion of IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-3 by P. gingivalis-stimulated gingival fibroblasts. In conclusion, our study brought clear evidence that the flavonol myricetin exhibits a dual action on the periodontopathogenic bacterium P. gingivalis and the inflammatory response of host cells. Therefore, myricetin holds promise as a therapeutic agent for the treatment/prevention of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Huangqin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jade Fournier-Larente
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Morin
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Interaction of Prevotella intermedia strain 17 leucine-rich repeat domain protein AdpF with eukaryotic cells promotes bacterial internalization. Infect Immun 2014; 82:2637-48. [PMID: 24711565 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01361-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevotella intermedia is an oral bacterium implicated in a variety of oral diseases. Although internalization of this bacterium by nonphagocytic host cells is well established, the molecular players mediating the process are not well known. Here, the properties of a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain protein, designated AdpF, are described. This protein contains a leucine-rich region composed of 663 amino acid residues, and molecular modeling shows that it folds into a classical curved solenoid structure. The cell surface localization of recombinant AdpF (rAdpF) was confirmed by electron and confocal microscopy analyses. The recombinant form of this protein bound fibronectin in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the protein was internalized by host cells, with the majority of the process accomplished within 30 min. The internalization of rAdpF was inhibited by nystatin, cytochalasin, latrunculin, nocodazole, and wortmannin, indicating that microtubules, microfilaments, and signal transduction are required for the invasion. It is noteworthy that preincubation of eukaryotic cells with AdpF increased P. intermedia 17 internalization by 5- and 10-fold for HeLa and NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell lines, respectively. The addition of the rAdpF protein was also very effective in inducing bacterial internalization into the oral epithelial cell line HN4, as well as into primary cells, including human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Finally, cells exposed to P. intermedia 17 internalized the bacteria more readily upon reinfection. Taken together, our data demonstrate that rAdpF plays a role in the internalization of P. intermedia 17 by a variety of host cells.
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Ma S, Li H, Yan C, Wang D, Li H, Xia X, Dong X, Zhao Y, Sun T, Hu P, Guan W. Antagonistic effect of protein extracts from Streptococcus sanguinis on pathogenic bacteria and fungi of the oral cavity. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1486-1494. [PMID: 24926331 PMCID: PMC4043591 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An antibacterial substance from Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) is known to have an inhibitory effect on putative periodontal pathogens, but its inhibitory effect on pathogens of oral candidiasis is unknown. In this study, intracellular and exocrine proteins were extracted from S. sanguinis. The antagonistic effect of the protein extracts on Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) was detected by a well-plate technique, and the effects of the protein extracts on biofilms formed by these bacteria were evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The antagonistic effect of the protein extracts on pathogenic fungi was investigated using Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis). The growth curves of C. albicans and C. tropicalis were determined from ultraviolet absorption measurements, their morphological changes following treatment were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the effects of the protein extracts on the thickness of their biofilms and the distribution of dead/live bacteria within the biofilms were detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results showed significant inhibitory effects of the intracellular proteins extracted from S. sanguinis on pathogenic bacteria (P. intermedia and P. gingivalis), fungi (C. albicans and C. tropicalis) and the biofilms formed by them. Furthermore, the growth curves and morphology of C. albicans and C. tropicalis were altered following treatment with the intracellular proteins, resulting in disc-like depressions in the surfaces of the fungal spores and mycelia. By contrast, the exocrine proteins demonstrated no significant inhibitory effect on the pathogenic bacteria, fungi and the biofilms formed by them. Thus, it may be concluded that intracellular proteins of S. sanguinis have antibacterial activity and exert an antagonistic effect on certain pathogenic bacteria and fungi of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Haiqing Li
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Xue Xia
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Yingnan Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Hu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Guan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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Charalampakis G, Dahlén G, Carlén A, Leonhardt Å. Bacterial markers vs. clinical markers to predict progression of chronic periodontitis: a 2-yr prospective observational study. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:394-402. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Charalampakis
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - Gunnar Dahlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - Anette Carlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
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25
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Guo Y, Xiao S. Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis four rag locus genotypes in patients of orthodontic gingivitis and periodontitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61028. [PMID: 23593379 PMCID: PMC3617233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered as a major etiological agent in periodontal diseases and implied to result in gingival inflammation under orthodontic appliance. rag locus is a pathogenicity island found in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Four rag locus variants are different in pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Moreover, there are different racial and geographic differences in distribution of rag locus genotypes. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and rag locus genotypes in 102 gingival crevicular fluid samples from 57 cases of gingivitis patients with orthodontic appliances, 25 cases of periodontitis patients and 20 cases of periodontally healthy people through a 16S rRNA-based PCR and a multiplex PCR. The correlations between Porphyromona.gingivalis/rag locus and clinical indices were analyzed. The prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and rag locus genes in periodontitis group was the highest among three groups and higher in orthodontic gingivitis than healthy people (p<0.01). An obviously positive correlation was observed between the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis/rag locus and gingival index. rag-3 and rag-4 were the predominant genotypes in the patients of orthodontic gingivitis and mild-to-moderate periodontitis in Shandong. Porphyromonas.gingivalis carrying rag-1 has the strong virulence and could be associated with severe periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontic, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Orthodontic, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuiqing Xiao
- Department of Orthodontic, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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Cugini C, Klepac-Ceraj V, Rackaityte E, Riggs JE, Davey ME. Porphyromonas gingivalis: keeping the pathos out of the biont. J Oral Microbiol 2013; 5:19804. [PMID: 23565326 PMCID: PMC3617648 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of the human microbiome initiative has been to increase our understanding of the structure and function of our indigenous microbiota and their effects on human health and predisposition to disease. Because of its clinical importance and accessibility for in vivo study, the oral biofilm is one of the best-understood microbial communities associated with the human body. Studies have shown that there is a succession of select microbial interactions that directs the maturation of a defined community structure, generating the formation of dental plaque. Although the initiating factors that lead to disease development are not clearly defined, in many individuals there is a fundamental shift from a health-associated biofilm community to one that is pathogenic in nature and a central player in the pathogenic potential of this community is the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis. This anaerobic bacterium is a natural member of the oral microbiome, yet it can become highly destructive (termed pathobiont) and proliferate to high cell numbers in periodontal lesions, which is attributed to its arsenal of specialized virulence factors. Hence, this organism is regarded as a primary etiologic agent of periodontal disease progression. In this review, we summarize some of the latest information regarding what is known about its role in periodontitis, including pathogenic potential as well as ecological and nutritional parameters that may shift this commensal to a virulent state. We also discuss parallels between the development of pathogenic biofilms and the human cellular communities that lead to cancer, specifically we frame our viewpoint in the context of 'wounds that fail to heal'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cugini
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA ; Department of Oral Medicine Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Moon JS, Cheong NR, Yang SY, Kim IS, Chung HJ, Jeong YW, Park JC, Kim MS, Kim SH, Ko HM. Lipopolysaccharide-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in the periodontal ligament. J Periodontal Res 2013; 48:733-9. [PMID: 23488665 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan-oxidizing enzyme with immune-inhibitory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of IDO by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of gram-negative bacteria, in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts (GFs) were prepared from explants of human PDLs and from gingival tissues of clinically healthy donors, respectively. Real-time RT-PCR, western blotting and the IDO enzyme assay were performed to determine the expression of IDO following LPS treatment of cells. LPS was injected into mice tail veins to evaluate the effects of LPS in vivo in the maxillary first molar. Immunofluorescence staining and histological analysis were followed to localize IDO in mouse PDL. RESULTS The level of expression of IDO mRNA in primary human PDL cells after LPS treatment was increased in a dose-dependent manner, reaching a peak 8 h after LPS treatment. The expression and activities of IDO protein were significantly increased in comparison with those of the control. In addition, the increased production of kynurenine in culture medium was observed 72 h after LPS treatment. In the immunofluorescence findings, stronger immunoreactivities were shown in PDL than in gingival tissues in the maxillae. In accordance with the immunofluorescence findings, LPS treatment induced a strong up-regulation of IDO mRNA in human PDL cells, whereas human GFs showed only a weak response to LPS. CONCLUSION These results clearly show that IDO was induced by LPS in primary human PDL cells, suggesting that PDL might be involved in the regulation of oral inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Moon
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, 2nd stage Brain Korea, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Pirie M, Linden G, Irwin C. Intrapregnancy non-surgical periodontal treatment and pregnancy outcome: a randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol 2012; 84:1391-400. [PMID: 23237583 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study is to investigate the potential link between maternal periodontitis and pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (<37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2,500 g). METHODS Ninety nine pregnant females with mild/moderate periodontitis were randomly allocated to a control (n = 50) or test (n = 49) group. Test group participants received intrapregnancy non-surgical periodontal treatment, whereas this was deferred until after delivery for controls. Demographic and baseline clinical data were obtained for all participants at initial assessment pretreatment. Clinical data were rerecorded for test participants at review 8 weeks after treatment. Birth outcomes were completed at delivery by midwives who also collected cord blood samples when possible; the latter were analyzed to determine the presence/levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. All data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis using appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS Random allocation of participants resulted in well-balanced control and test groups. All test group participants and all but one control participant gave birth to a live infant. No significant differences were detected between control and test groups with regard to birth outcome measures of birth weight and gestational age or in relation to cytokine prevalence/levels. CONCLUSION Intrapregnancy non-surgical periodontal treatment, completed at 20 to 24 weeks, did not reduce the risk of preterm, low-birth-weight delivery in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pirie
- Centre for Dental Education, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Guentsch A, Hirsch C, Pfister W, Vincents B, Abrahamson M, Sroka A, Potempa J, Eick S. Cleavage of IgG1 in gingival crevicular fluid is associated with the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:458-65. [PMID: 23116446 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 plays an important role in the adaptive immune response. Kgp, a lysine-specific cysteine protease from Porphyromonas gingivalis, specifically hydrolyses IgG1 heavy chains. The purpose of this study was to examine whether cleavage of IgG1 occurs in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in vivo, and whether there is any association with the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontopathogens. MATERIAL AND METHODS GCF was obtained from nine patients with aggressive periodontitis, nine with chronic periodontitis and five periodontally healthy individuals. The bacterial loads of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia and Tannerella forsythia were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the presence and cleavage of IgG1 and IgG2 were determined using Western blotting. Kgp levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Cleaved IgG1 was identified in the GCF from 67% of patients with aggressive periodontitis and in 44% of patients with chronic periodontitis. By contrast, no cleaved IgG1 was detectable in healthy controls. No degradation of IgG2 was detected in any of the samples, regardless of health status. Porphyromonas gingivalis was found in high numbers in all samples in which cleavage of IgG1 was detected (P < 0.001 compared with samples with no IgG cleavage). Furthermore, high numbers of Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia were also present in these samples. The level of Kgp in the GCF correlated with the load of Porphyromonas gingivalis (r = 0.425, P < 0.01). The presence of Kgp (range 0.07-10.98 ng/mL) was associated with proteolytic fragments of IgG1 (P < 0.001). However, cleaved IgG1 was also detected in samples with no detectable Kgp. CONCLUSION In patients with periodontitis, cleavage of IgG1 occurs in vivo and may suppress antibody-dependent antibacterial activity in subgingival biofilms especially those colonized by Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guentsch
- Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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Effect of resveratrol and modulation of cytokine production on human periodontal ligament cells. Cytokine 2012; 60:197-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen TL, Xu B, Liu JC, Li SG, Li DY, Gong GC, Wu ZF, Lin SL, Zhou YJ. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on aggressive periodontitis and subgingival anaerobes in Chinese patients. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2012; 16:492-7. [PMID: 23493978 PMCID: PMC3590714 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.106880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) on aggressive periodontitis (AgP), and subgingival obligate anaerobes in Chinese patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty cases of Chinese patients with AgP were randomly divided into two groups -the HBO2 group (30 cases) and the control group (30 cases). Study teeth were divided into four groups -: the HBO2 therapy, the HBO2 + scaling scaling group, the scaling group and the control group. Subgingival anaerobic organisms were measured with anaerobic culture, and number of obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes and Bacteroides melaninogenicus was counted. Comparisons of changes in the clinical indices, and subgingival anaerobes were made between the groups. RESULTS Highly significant differences in gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), and Plaque index (PLI), and tooth odontoseisis (TO) were seen in the HBO2, the HBO2 + scaling and the scaling groups when compared with the control group (P<0.01). The number of subgingival anaerobes as well as the types of obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes and the number of Bacteroides melaninogenicus were reduced markedly in these three treatment groups. Highly statistical differences in clinical indices, subgingival anaerobe number and types of obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes and Bacteroides melaninogenicus were found when comparisons were made between the HBO2 + scaling and the HBO2 groups, as well as between the HBO2 + scaling and the scaling groups. Clinical follow-ups indicated that the GI, PD, AL, TO, PLI and subgingival anaerobes number of the three therapeutic groups were reduced more severely than the control group. CONCLUSIONS HBO2 had good therapeutic effects on Chinese patients with AgP. HBO2 therapy combined with scaling and root planing was the most beneficial in the treatment of AgP. The therapeutic effect of HBO2 on AgP is most likely through inhibition of the growth of subgingival anaerobes. Clinical follow-ups suggest that the effect could last more than 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Lou Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Stomatological Diseases of CPLA, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Chang Liu
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine and Physiology, Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Guang Li
- Department of Periodontology, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Stomatological Diseases of CPLA, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Yi Li
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Medical College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-chuan Gong
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine and Physiology, Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Fen Wu
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Medical College, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Long Lin
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine and Physiology, Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jun Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Medical College, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi an, People's Republic of China
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Euzebio Alves VT, de Andrade AKP, Toaliar JM, Conde MC, Zezell DM, Cai S, Pannuti CM, De Micheli G. Clinical and microbiological evaluation of high intensity diode laser adjutant to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a 6-month clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:87-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Aguirre JI, Akhter MP, Kimmel DB, Pingel J, Xia X, Williams A, Jorgensen M, Edmonds K, Lee JY, Reinhard MK, Battles AH, Kesavalu L, Wronski TJ. Enhanced alveolar bone loss in a model of non-invasive periodontitis in rice rats. Oral Dis 2012; 18:459-68. [PMID: 22233442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) develops periodontitis-like lesions when fed a diet rich in sucrose and casein (H-SC). We aimed to establish whether this model can accurately mimic the development of human periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, 28-day-old rice rats (15/group) were assigned to standard (STD) or H-SC diets and sacrificed after 6, 12, and 18 weeks. Jaws were processed for morphometric, histometric, histologic, histomorphometric, and micro-CT analyses. RESULTS We found a progressive increase in horizontal alveolar bone loss (ABL) with age in maxillae of rats fed the STD diet as determined by morphometry. The H-SC diet exacerbated horizontal ABL at the palatal surface at 12 and 18 weeks. Furthermore, increased vertical ABL was detected in mandibles and maxillae of rats fed the H-SC diet for 12 and/or 18 weeks by histometry and micro-CT. Remarkably, the H-SC diet significantly increased bone remodeling at the interproximal alveolar bone of mandibles from rats fed for 6 weeks, but not in those fed for longer periods. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the H-SC diet induced a transient increase in alveolar bone remodeling, which is followed by ABL characteristic of moderate periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Laugisch O, Schacht M, Guentsch A, Kantyka T, Sroka A, Stennicke HR, Pfister W, Sculean A, Potempa J, Eick S. Periodontal pathogens affect the level of protease inhibitors in gingival crevicular fluid. Mol Oral Microbiol 2011; 27:45-56. [PMID: 22230465 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2011.00631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In periodontitis, an effective host-response is primarily related to neutrophils loaded with serine proteases, including elastase (NE) and protease 3 (PR3), the extracellular activity of which is tightly controlled by endogenous inhibitors. In vitro these inhibitors are degraded by gingipains, cysteine proteases produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of selected protease inhibitors in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in relation to periodontal infection. The GCF collected from 31 subjects (nine healthy controls, seven with gingivitis, five with aggressive periodontitis and 10 with chronic periodontitis) was analyzed for the levels of elafin and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), two main tissue-derived inhibitors of neutrophil serine proteases. In parallel, activity of NE, PR3 and arginine-specific gingipains (Rgps) in GCF was measured. Finally loads of P. gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola were determined. The highest values of elafin were found in aggressive periodontitis and the lowest in controls. The quantity of elafin correlated positively with the load of P. gingivalis, Ta. forsythia and Tr. denticola, as well as with Rgps activity. In addition, NE activity was positively associated with the counts of those bacterial species, but not with the amount of elafin. In contrast, the highest concentrations of SLPI were found in periodontally healthy subjects whereas amounts of this inhibitor were significantly decreased in patients infected with P. gingivalis. Periodontopathogenic bacteria stimulate the release of NE and PR3, which activities escape the control through degradation of locally produced inhibitors (SLPI and elafin) by host-derived and bacteria-derived proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Laugisch
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Gaddis DE, Michalek SM, Katz J. TLR4 signaling via MyD88 and TRIF differentially shape the CD4+ T cell response to Porphyromonas gingivalis hemagglutinin B. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5772-83. [PMID: 21498664 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant hemagglutinin B (rHagB), a virulence factor of the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, has been shown to induce protective immunity against bacterial infection. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that rHagB is a TLR4 agonist for dendritic cells. However, it is not known how rHagB dendritic cell stimulation affects the activation and differentiation of T cells. Therefore, we undertook the present study to examine the role of TLR4 signaling in shaping the CD4(+) T cell response following immunization of mice with rHagB. Immunization with this Ag resulted in the induction of specific CD4(+) T cells and Ab responses. In TLR4(-/-) and MyD88(-/-) but not Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β-deficient (TRIF(Lps2)) mice, there was an increase in the Th2 CD4(+) T cell subset, a decrease in the Th1 subset, and higher serum IgG(1)/IgG(2) levels of HagB-specific Abs compared with those in wild-type mice. These finding were accompanied by increased GATA-3 and Foxp3 expression and a decrease in the activation of CD4(+) T cells isolated from TLR4(-/-) and MyD88(-/-) mice. Interestingly, TLR4(-/-) CD4(+) T cells showed an increase in IL-2/STAT5 signaling. Whereas TRIF deficiency had minimal effects on the CD4(+) T cell response, it resulted in increased IFN-γ and IL-17 production by memory CD4(+) T cells. To our knowledge, these results demonstrate for the first time that TLR4 signaling, via the downstream MyD88 and TRIF molecules, exerts a differential regulation on the CD4(+) T cell response to HagB Ag. The gained insight from the present work will aid in designing better therapeutic strategies against P. gingivalis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia E Gaddis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Hernández M, Dutzan N, García-Sesnich J, Abusleme L, Dezerega A, Silva N, González F, Vernal R, Sorsa T, Gamonal J. Host-Pathogen Interactions in Progressive Chronic Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2011; 90:1164-70. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034511401405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infection characterized by the occurrence of supporting tissue destruction with an episodic nature. Disease progression is often determined by the loss of attachment level or alveolar bone, and sequential probing of periodontal attachment remains the most commonly utilized method to diagnose progressive destruction of the periodontium. The tolerance method has been the most extensive clinical method used in recent years to determine site-specific attachment level changes. There is abundant evidence that major tissue destruction in periodontal lesions results from the recruitment of immune cells. Considerable effort has been made to study the host cell and mediator profiles involved in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis, but the definition of active sites, where current periodontal breakdown occurs, and consecutive characterization of the mediators involved are still among the main concerns. In the present review, we summarize periodontopathic bacteria and host factors, including infiltrating cell populations, cytokines, and host matrix metalloproteinases, associated with under-going episodic attachment loss that could partly explain the mechanisms involved in destruction of the supporting tissues of the tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone (Ex-Olivos) 943 - Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - N. Dutzan
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone (Ex-Olivos) 943 - Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - J. García-Sesnich
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone (Ex-Olivos) 943 - Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - L. Abusleme
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A. Dezerega
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone (Ex-Olivos) 943 - Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - N. Silva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F.E. González
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone (Ex-Olivos) 943 - Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R. Vernal
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone (Ex-Olivos) 943 - Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - T. Sorsa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Gamonal
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone (Ex-Olivos) 943 - Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile
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Kasaj A, Willershausen B, Junker R, Callaway A, Krahn U, Kraft B, Pietsch M. Influence of different biomaterials on the viability of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:917-23. [PMID: 21420071 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different biomaterials used for regenerative periodontal surgery on the growth of the periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. METHODS Three commercially available biomaterials of synthetic origin (hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate, nanostructured hydroxyapatite paste, oily calcium hydroxide suspension), a bovine-derived xenograft as well as an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) were added in different concentrations to calibrated suspensions of A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 43718/33384 (serotype b/c). Equal aliquots (0.1 ml) for the viability assay were taken after 5 min, 1h, 3h, 8h and 24h, plated on blood agar and incubated in an anaerobic environment for 48 h at 37°C. Viable cell counts were expressed as colony forming units (cfu)/0.1 ml. RESULTS The results demonstrated that none of the investigated biomaterials could inhibit the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b. A marked growth reduction of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype c was observed in the presence of oily calcium hydroxide suspension and nanostructured hydroxyapatite. In contrast, no significant growth inhibition could be observed in the presence of hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate, enamel matrix derivative and bovine-derived xenograft. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that none of the investigated biomaterials possesses antimicrobial properties against A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b. Therefore, the use of these biomaterials for regenerative procedures should be weighted critically in the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kasaj
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Guentsch A, Kramesberger M, Sroka A, Pfister W, Potempa J, Eick S. Comparison of gingival crevicular fluid sampling methods in patients with severe chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2011; 82:1051-60. [PMID: 21235330 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of samplings from periodontal pockets is important in the diagnosis and therapy of periodontitis. In this study, three different sampling techniques were compared to determine whether one method yielded samples suitable for the reproducible and simultaneous determination of bacterial load, cytokines, neutrophil elastase, and arginine-specific gingipains (Rgps). Rgps are an important virulence factor of Porphyromonas gingivalis, the exact concentration of which in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) has not been quantified. METHODS GCF was sampled from four sites per patient (one sample per quadrant using two samples per method) in 36 patients with chronic periodontitis. One week later, the procedure was repeated with alternative methods. Variables determined were loads of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and P. gingivalis, levels of interleukin-6 and -8, activity of neutrophil elastase, and level of Rgps. RESULTS The detected cytokine levels were higher using paper strips compared to paper points. Bacteria were found in similar loads from paper strips and paper points. Rgps were only detectable in high quantities by washing the periodontal pocket. The level of Rgps correlated with the load of P. gingivalis. CONCLUSIONS The use of paper strips was suitable for the simultaneous determination of microbial and immunologic parameters. Obtaining GCF by washing can be useful for special purposes. The gingipain concentration in periodontal pockets was directly determined to be ≤1.5 μM. This value indicated that most of the substrates of these proteases by in vitro assays identified until now can be easily degraded in P. gingivalis-infected sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Guentsch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Estrela CRDA, Pimenta FC, Alencar AHGD, Ruiz LFN, Estrela C. Detection of selected bacterial species in intraoral sites of patients with chronic periodontitis using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 18:426-31. [PMID: 20835581 PMCID: PMC5349072 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572010000400018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of selected bacterial species
in intraoral sites of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) using multiplex
polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methodology Samples were collected from the tongue dorsum, buccal mucosa, supragingival and
subgingival plaque and saliva of 30 patients with untreated CP. Multiplex PCR was
used to determine prevalence rates, which were then compared using a chi-square
test. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Mean and standard deviation values
were used to evaluate variations in prevalence according to site. Results The prevalence of S. mutans was 70% in saliva; 60% in samples
collected from the tongue dorsum; 50% in samples collected from the buccal mucosa;
56.5% in the supragingival plaque; and 53.5% in the subgingival plaque. The
prevalence of E. faecalis ranged from 3.5% to 13.5% in all
intraoral microenvironment. The highest prevalence of P. gingivalis
was found in subgingival plaque (53.5%), and of P. intermedia
in supragingival plaque (33.5%), subgingival plaque (30%) and tongue
dorsum (33.5%). The prevalence of bacteria did not vary significantly among the
intraoral sites. Conclusions All studied bacteria were identified in intraoral sites. S. mutans, P.
gingivalis and P. intermedia had high prevalence
rates, but the prevalence of E. faecalis was low. Multiplex PCR
proved to be an adequate method for epidemiological studies.
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AdpC is a Prevotella intermedia 17 leucine-rich repeat internalin-like protein. Infect Immun 2010; 78:2385-96. [PMID: 20308299 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00510-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral bacterium Prevotella intermedia attaches to and invades gingival epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Several genes encoding proteins that mediate both the adhesion and invasion processes are carried on the genome of this bacterium. Here, we characterized one such protein, AdpC, belonging to the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein family. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that this protein shares similarity with the Treponema pallidum LRR (LRR(TP)) family of proteins and contains six LRRs. Despite the absence of a signal peptide, this protein is localized on the bacterial outer membrane, indicating that it is transported through an atypical secretion mechanism. The recombinant form of this protein (rAdpC) was shown to bind fibrinogen. In addition, the heterologous host strain Escherichia coli BL21 expressing rAdpC (V2846) invaded fibroblast NIH 3T3 cells at a 40-fold-higher frequency than control E. coli BL21 cells expressing a sham P. intermedia 17 protein. Although similar results were obtained by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), only a 3-fold-increased invasion of V2846 into oral epithelial HN4 cells was observed. Thus, AdpC-mediated invasion is cell specific. This work demonstrated that AdpC is an important invasin protein of P. intermedia 17.
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Staudte H, Güntsch A, Völpel A, Sigusch B. Vitamin C attenuates the cytotoxic effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:40-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jardim Júnior EG, Bosco JMD, Lopes AM, Landucci LF, Jardim ECG, Carneiro SRS. Occurrence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in patients with chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, healthy subjects and children with gingivitis in two cities of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 14:153-6. [PMID: 19089064 PMCID: PMC4327188 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572006000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of isolation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) in 100 patients with chronic periodontitis, 14 patients with aggressive periodontitis, 142 pre-school children with gingivitis and 134 periodontally healthy subjects. Samples of subgingival plaque were taken using sterilized paper points introduced into periodontal pockets or gingival crevice for 60 seconds and inoculated on TSBV agar, which was incubated under anaerobiosis at 37°C, for 4 days. Microbial identification was performed through biochemical methods and morphocellular and morphocolonial analysis. Aa was detected in 40.3% of healthy subjects, 68% of patients with chronic periodontitis, 92.86% of patients with aggressive periodontitis and 40.14% of children with gingivitis. The rate of recovery of Aa in the tested human groups proved to be higher than previously reported and in agreement with participation of this facultative anaerobe as a member of native microbiota of the periodontium and its relation with aggressive and chronic periodontitis in Brazil.
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Gursoy UK, Könönen E, Uitto VJ. Prevotella intermediaATCC 25611 targets host cell lamellipodia in epithelial cell adhesion and invasion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 24:304-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2009.00510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Urzúa B, Hermosilla G, Gamonal J, Morales-Bozo I, Canals M, Barahona S, Cóccola C, Cifuentes V. Yeast diversity in the oral microbiota of subjects with periodontitis: Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis colonize the periodontal pockets. Med Mycol 2009; 46:783-93. [PMID: 18608938 DOI: 10.1080/13693780802060899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The term periodontitis encompasses several polymicrobial infectious diseases, of multifactorial etiology, with chronic and aggressive forms. In spite of the etiopathogenic differences between these two forms of the disease, few studies have analyzed the subgingival colonization by yeast. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the composition of the yeast microbiota present in the mucosa and subgingival sites of healthy individuals and patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis. For this, samples were recovered from these two locations and the yeast recovered identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Patients with chronic periodontitis showed significant differences in relation to the other groups with respect to carrier status (69.2% versus 35.7% of healthy individuals; [chi(i)(2) test; p=0.014]), the total number of isolated colony forming units or CFU (mean and ranges 281.6 (0-6048) [K-W(2)=6.998; p=0.03]), the Simpson diversity index (I) in site b (I(b)=0.344 versus healthy subjet and aggresive periodontitis where I=0 [multiple t-test comparisons with the Bonferronni correction, p<0.05]), and the species profile. Interestingly, in spite of the varied profiles of the species present in the mucosa of the three groups analyzed we noted that only C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were capable of colonizing the periodontal pockets in patients with chronic periodontitis, while only C. albicans was identified in the subgingiva of healthy individuals and patients with aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Urzúa
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas y Quimicas
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Guentsch A, Puklo M, Preshaw PM, Glockmann E, Pfister W, Potempa J, Eick S. Neutrophils in chronic and aggressive periodontitis in interaction with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44:368-77. [PMID: 19210340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the interaction of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Y4 with peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils taken from patients with aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils obtained from 12 patients with chronic periodontitis, six patients with aggressive periodontitis and 12 healthy controls were exposed to P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans following opsonization of the bacteria using the patient's own serum. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels against both periodontopathogens were measured. Phagocytosis and killing of the bacteria, as well as the extracellular human neutrophil elastase activity, were quantified. The total amount and the extracellular release of reactive oxygen species were measured using luminol-dependent and isoluminol-dependent chemiluminescence. RESULTS Polymorphonuclear neutrophils from patients with chronic (62.16 +/- 19.39%) and aggressive (43.26 +/- 26.63%) periodontitis phagocytosed more P. gingivalis than the healthy controls (24.43 +/- 19.87%) at the 30-min time point after exposure to the bacteria (p < 0.05). High serum IgG levels against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in subjects with periodontitis. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils from subjects with chronic and aggressive periodontitis released significantly more reactive oxygen species and demonstrated greater human neutrophil elastase activity in the absence of any stimulus than polymorphonuclear neutrophils from healthy controls (p < 0.05). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils in chronic periodontitis released significantly more reactive oxygen species when exposed to P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans than polymorphonuclear neutrophils in aggressive periodontitis. CONCLUSION High serum IgG levels against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans promote phagocytosis in periodontitis. The extracellular release of reactive oxygen species and neutrophil elastase by polymorphonuclear neutrophils may also contribute to damage of the surrounding periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guentsch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Kang MS, Lim HS, Kim SM, Lim YJ, Lee HC, Oh JS. Quantitative Analysis of Weissella cibaria against Periodontopathic Bacteria by Real-time PCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2009.39.4.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Kang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hoi-Soon Lim
- Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - You-Jin Lim
- Department of Nursing, Chunnam Techno Colleage, Gokseong, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong-Suk Oh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Faveri M, Mayer MPA, Feres M, de Figueiredo LC, Dewhirst FE, Paster BJ. Microbiological diversity of generalized aggressive periodontitis by 16S rRNA clonal analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 23:112-8. [PMID: 18279178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial diversity in the subgingival plaque of subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis by using culture-independent molecular methods based on 16S ribosomal DNA cloning. METHODS Samples from 10 subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis were selected. DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified with the universal primer pairs 9F and 1525R. Amplified genes were cloned, sequenced, and identified by comparison with known 16S rRNA sequences. RESULTS One hundred and ten species were identified from 10 subjects and 1007 clones were sequenced. Of these, 70 species were most prevalent. Fifty-seven percent of the clone (40 taxa) sequences represented phylotypes for which no cultivated isolates have been reported. Several species of Selenomonas and Streptococcus were found at high prevalence and proportion in all subjects. Overall, 50% of the clone libraries were formed by these two genera. Selenomonas sputigena, the species most commonly detected, was found in nine of 10 subjects. Other species of Selenomonas were often present at high levels, including S. noxia, Selenomonas sp. EW084, Selenomonas sp. EW076, Selenomonas FT050, Selenomonas sp. P2PA_80, and Selenomonas sp. strain GAA14. The classical putative periodontal pathogens, such as, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, was below the limit of detection and was not detected. CONCLUSION These data suggest that other species, notably species of Selenomonas, may be associated with disease in generalized aggressive periodontitis subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Faveri
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Herrera D, Contreras A, Gamonal J, Oteo A, Jaramillo A, Silva N, Sanz M, Botero JE, León R. Subgingival microbial profiles in chronic periodontitis patients from Chile, Colombia and Spain. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 35:106-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Microflora subgingival en periodontitis crónica y agresiva en Bogotá, Colombia: un acercamiento epidemiológico. BIOMEDICA 2007. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v27i1.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Lafaurie GI, Contreras A, Barón A, Botero J, Mayorga-Fayad I, Jaramillo A, Giraldo A, González F, Mantilla S, Botero A, Archila LH, Díaz A, Chacón T, Castillo DM, Betancourt M, Del Rosario Aya M, Arce R. Demographic, clinical, and microbial aspects of chronic and aggressive periodontitis in Colombia: a multicenter study. J Periodontol 2007; 78:629-39. [PMID: 17397309 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.060187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbial profile of periodontal disease varies among different human populations. This study evaluated the demographic, clinical, and microbiologic aspects of periodontitis in a multigeographic sample in Colombia. METHODS Three hundred twenty-five patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 158 patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), and 137 healthy-gingivitis controls from five regions of the country were studied. Clinical, microbial, and sociodemographic data were collected. Microbiologic identification was performed using polymerase chain reaction 16S rRNA gene on pooled subgingival samples, and the presence of Gram-negative enteric rods was evaluated by culture. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Porphyromonas gingivalis occurred in 71.5% of individuals with periodontitis, Tannerella forsythensis occurred in 58.5%, Campylobacter rectus occurred in 57.5%, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans occurred in 23.6%, and enteric rods occurred in 34.5%. P. gingivalis was more common in CP and AgP than controls. A. actinomycetemcomitans was increased in AgP compared to controls and patients with CP. T. forsythensis, C. rectus, and Eikenella corrodens had a low presence in the West Pacific and Central regions, and enteric rods were increased in the Central region (P <0.05). Other sociodemographic factors were not associated with these microorganisms. CONCLUSIONS Geographic regions do not influence the microbiota, but the microbiota may vary by geographic region. P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and C. rectus are the most prevalent periodontophatic microorganisms in Colombia. A. actinomycetemcomitans was more common in AgP, and a large percentage of the population studied had enteric rods in the subgingival plaque.
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