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Yamaki K, Egi T, Segawa K, Tomonaka A, Nakai Y, Koyama Y. Co-induced Allergic Response to an Unrelated Allergen Exacerbates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1484-1489. [PMID: 37599076 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is classically regarded as a T-helper 1 (Th1) response-dominant disease believed to be antagonized by the Th2 response, which is responsible for allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis. The roles of these responses in psoriasis and the relationship between psoriasis and atopic dermatitis have received increasing attention because it is estimated that more than one million patients are concomitantly affected by psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. To address this, we attempted to determine the characteristics of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform lesions in mice with a concomitant allergic response after co-application of the unrelated allergen ovalbumin onto the skin. Imiquimod cream containing ovalbumin was successively applied to the right back skin of hairless HR female mice. Psoriasiform scores were determined for 11 d, and then, the resected skin thickness, spleen weight, and serum antibody levels were examined. In some experiments, mice were allowed free access to ovalbumin-containing water for 10 d before skin application to induce oral tolerance. Imiquimod cream induced psoriasis, and its severity increased upon simultaneous ovalbumin treatment. Increases in anti-ovalbumin immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) levels, a Th1 response indicator, and IgG1 and IgE levels, Th2 response indicators, were mediated by ovalbumin addition. Oral tolerance against ovalbumin effectively decreased ovalbumin-exacerbated imiquimod-induced psoriasis, in parallel with a decrease in levels of anti-ovalbumin antibodies. These results suggest that the concomitant allergic response induced by ovalbumin application exacerbates imiquimod-induced psoriasis. This implies that allergic responses to unrelated allergens might exacerbate psoriasis in humans and that modulating such responses could be an effective new approach to treat psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouya Yamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Taichi Egi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kouki Segawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Ayano Tomonaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yusuke Nakai
- Department of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yutaka Koyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
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Liu X, Yang L, Tan X. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: A double-edged sword in periodontitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114215. [PMID: 36630848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a disease caused by infection and immunological imbalance, which often leads to the destruction of periodontal tissue. Programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand: programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are important "immune checkpoint" proteins that have a negative regulatory effect on T cells and are targets of immunotherapy. Studies have shown that the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in patients with periodontitis is higher than that in healthy individuals. The keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is believed to be the main factor driving the upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1. High expression of PD-1/PD-L1 can inhibit the inflammatory response and reduce the destruction of periodontal supporting tissues, but conversely, it can promote the "immune escape" of P. gingivalis, thus magnifying infections. In addition, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is also associated with various diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss the influence and mechanism of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway as a "double-edged sword" affecting the occurrence and development of periodontitis, as well as its function in periodontitis-related systemic disorders. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway could be a new avenue for periodontal and its related systemic disorders therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuelian Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Jiang S, Hu Y, Deng S, Deng J, Yu X, Huang G, Kawai T, Han X. miR-146a regulates inflammatory cytokine production in Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated B cells by targeting IRAK1 but not TRAF6. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:925-933. [PMID: 29288795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that microRNAs (miRs) are involved in the immune regulation of periodontitis. However, it is unclear whether and how miRs regulate the function of B cells in the context of periodontitis. This study is to explore the role of miR-146a on the inflammatory cytokine production of B cells challenged by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Primary B cells were harvested from mouse spleen. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the expression of inflammatory cytokines in B cells in the presence or absence of P. gingivalis LPS and/or miR-146a. Bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assay and overexpression assay were used to explore the binding target of miR-146a. Our results showed that miR-146a level in B cells was elevated by P. gingivalis LPS stimulation, and the mRNA expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, 6 and 10, and IL-1 receptor associated kinase-1 (IRAK1), but not TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), were also upregulated. The expression levels of IL-1β, 6, 10 and IRAK1 were reduced in the presence of miR-146a mimic, but were elevated by the addition of miR-146a inhibitor. MiR-146a could bind with IRAK1 3' untranslated region (UTR) but not TRAF6 3'-UTR. Overexpression of IRAK1 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-146a on IL-1β, 6 and 10. In summary, miR-146a inhibits inflammatory cytokine production in B cells through directly targeting IRAK1, suggesting a regulatory role of miR-146a in B cell-mediated periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyun Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shu Deng
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; The Secondary Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Department of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayin Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xinbo Yu
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Grace Huang
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- NOVA Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Olsen I, Taubman MA, Singhrao SK. Porphyromonas gingivalis suppresses adaptive immunity in periodontitis, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. J Oral Microbiol 2016; 8:33029. [PMID: 27882863 PMCID: PMC5122233 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v8.33029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, has been found to associate with remote body organ inflammatory pathologies, including atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although P. gingivalis has a plethora of virulence factors, much of its pathogenicity is surprisingly related to the overall immunosuppression of the host. This review focuses on P. gingivalis aiding suppression of the host’s adaptive immune system involving manipulation of cellular immunological responses, specifically T cells and B cells in periodontitis and related conditions. In periodontitis, this bacterium inhibits the synthesis of IL-2 and increases humoral responses. This reduces the inflammatory responses related to T- and B-cell activation, and subsequent IFN-γ secretion by a subset of T cells. The T cells further suppress upregulation of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)-receptor on CD+cells and its ligand PD-L1 on CD11b+-subset of T cells. IL-2 downregulates genes regulated by immune response and induces a cytokine pattern in which the Th17 lineage is favored, thereby modulating the Th17/T-regulatory cell (Treg) imbalance. The suppression of IFN-γ-stimulated release of interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) chemokine ligands [ITAC (CXCL11) and Mig (CXCL9)] by P. gingivalis capsular serotypes triggers distinct T cell responses and contributes to local immune evasion by release of its outer membrane vesicles. In atherosclerosis, P. gingivalis reduces Tregs, transforms growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1), and causes imbalance in the Th17 lineage of the Treg population. In AD, P. gingivalis may affect the blood–brain barrier permeability and inhibit local IFN-γ response by preventing entry of immune cells into the brain. The scarcity of adaptive immune cells in AD neuropathology implies P. gingivalis infection of the brain likely causing impaired clearance of insoluble amyloid and inducing immunosuppression. By the effective manipulation of the armory of adaptive immune suppression through a plethora of virulence factors, P. gingivalis may act as a keystone organism in periodontitis and in related systemic diseases and other remote body inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Martin A Taubman
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sim K Singhrao
- Dementia & Neurodegeneration Research Group, School of Dentistry, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Sawa Y, Takata S, Hatakeyama Y, Ishikawa H, Tsuruga E. Expression of toll-like receptor 2 in glomerular endothelial cells and promotion of diabetic nephropathy by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97165. [PMID: 24835775 PMCID: PMC4023930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The toll-like receptor (TLR) has been suggested as a candidate cause for diabetic nephropathy. Recently, we have reported the TLR4 expression in diabetic mouse glomerular endothelium. The study here investigates the effects of the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is a ligand for TLR2 and TLR4 in diabetic nephropathy. In laser-scanning microscopy of glomeruli of streptozotocin- and a high fat diet feed-induced type I and type II diabetic mice, TLR2 localized on the glomerular endothelium and proximal tubule epithelium. The TLR2 mRNA was detected in diabetic mouse glomeruli by in situ hybridization and in real-time PCR of the renal cortex, the TLR2 mRNA amounts were larger in diabetic mice than in non-diabetic mice. All diabetic mice subjected to repeated LPS administrations died within the survival period of all of the diabetic mice not administered LPS and of all of the non-diabetic LPS-administered mice. The LPS administration promoted the production of urinary protein, the accumulation of type I collagen in the glomeruli, and the increases in IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β in the renal cortex of the glomeruli of the diabetic mice. It is thought that blood TLR ligands like Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS induce the glomerular endothelium to produce cytokines which aid glomerulosclerosis. Periodontitis may promote diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Sawa
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shunsuke Takata
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eichi Tsuruga
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Gaddis DE, Maynard CL, Weaver CT, Michalek SM, Katz J. Role of TLR2-dependent IL-10 production in the inhibition of the initial IFN-γ T cell response to Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 93:21-31. [PMID: 23077245 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0512220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
P.g., a Gram-negative bacterium, is one of the main etiological agents of the chronic inflammatory disease, periodontitis. Disease progression is thought to occur as a result of an inadequate immune response, which although happens locally, can also occur distally as a result of the dissemination of P.g. into the circulation. As IL-10 and TLR2 are pivotal molecules in the immune response that P.g. elicits, we hypothesized that TLR2-mediated IL-10 production, following the initial systemic exposure to P.g., inhibits the IFN-γ T cell response. To address this hypothesis, mice were primed with P.g., and the types of cells producing IL-10 and the capacity of T cells to produce IFN-γ following blocking or neutralization of IL-10 were assessed. Our results showed that upon initial encounter with P.g., splenic T cells and CD11b(+) cells produce IL-10, which when neutralized, resulted in a substantial increase in IFN-γ production by T cells. Furthermore, IL-10 production was dependent on TLR2/1 signaling, partly in response to the major surface protein, FimA of P.g. In addition, P.g. stimulation resulted in the up-regulation of PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 on CD4 T cells and CD11b(+) cells, respectively. Up-regulation of PD-1 was partially dependent on IL-10 but independent of TLR2 or FimA. These results highlight the role of IL-10 in inhibiting T cell responses to the initial systemic P.g. exposure and suggest multiple inhibitory mechanisms potentially used by P.g. to evade the host's immune response, thus allowing its persistence in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia E Gaddis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA.
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Kosaka S, Tamauchi H, Terashima M, Maruyama H, Habu S, Kitasato H. IL-10 controls Th2-type cytokine production and eosinophil infiltration in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. Immunobiology 2010; 216:811-20. [PMID: 21257225 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 was originally described as a factor that inhibits cytokine production by murine Th1 clones. Recent studies have since shown that IL-10 can also downregulate Th2 clones and their production of IL-4 and IL-5. Because of its immuno-suppressive properties, IL-10 has been suggested as a potential therapy for allergic inflammation and asthma. However, the pathophysiological role of IL-10 in vivo has not been clearly elucidated. We investigated the effects of IL-10 administration on the production of IgE, cytokine and allergen-induced Th2 cytokine production as well as its effects on eosinophilic inflammation. We established GATA-3/TCR double transgenic (GATA-3/TCR-Tg) mice by crossing GATA-3 transgenic mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-specific TCR transgenic mice; these mice were then sensitized using an intraperitoneal injection of OVA adsorbed to alum and challenged with the intratracheal instillation of an allergen. When GATA-3/TCR-Tg mice sensitized with OVA and alum were injected with C57-IL-10 cells before OVA inhalation, the levels of IL-5, IL-13, and IL-4 decreased by 40-85% and number of eosinophils decreased by 70% (P<0.03) in the murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). These results suggest that IL-10 plays an important role downstream of the inflammatory cascade in the Th2 response to antigens and in the development of BALF eosinophilia and cytokine production in a murine model of asthma. These immunosuppressive properties in animal models indicate that IL-10 could be a potential clinical therapy for the treatment of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Kosaka
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University Allied Health Science, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Sosroseno W. Effect of colchicine on the murine immune response induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Biomed Pharmacother 2009; 63:221-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sosroseno W, Bird PS, Seymour GJ. Effect of exogenous nitric oxide on murine immune response induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide. J Periodontal Res 2008; 44:529-36. [PMID: 18973550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Elevated nitric oxide (NO) has been associated with destructive periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that exogenous NO may inhibit a protective immune response to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a murine model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice of the BALB/c strain were sham immunized, immunized with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS, treated with S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP; a NO donor) and immunized with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS or treated with SNAP plus 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (carboxy-PTIO) and immunized with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS. All animals were then challenged subcutaneously with viable A. actinomycetemcomitans. The serum-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses and both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) as well as splenic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity before and after bacterial challenge were assessed. The diameter of skin lesions was determined. Groups of mice were treated with l-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (l-NIL), an iNOS inhibitor, or 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, prior to injections with SNAP and/or A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS, and the skin lesions were assessed. RESULTS Treatment with SNAP increased the iNOS activity, suppressed both serum-specific IgG2a and IFN-gamma levels, and delayed the healing of the lesions. These SNAP-induced immune alterations were restored by treatment with carboxy-PTIO. Pretreatment with l-NIL resulted in partial healing, whereas pretreatment with ODQ induced a delayed healing of the lesions. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that exogenous NO may suppress a protective T helper 1-like murine immune response to A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS by an endogenous NO-independent but a cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sosroseno
- School of Dentistry, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Kedah, Darul Aman, Malaysia.
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Sosroseno W, Musa M, Ravichandran M, Ibrahim MF, Bird PS, Seymour GJ. Effect of inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on the murine splenic immune response induced by Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide. Eur J Oral Sci 2008; 116:31-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alayan J, Gemmell E, Ford P, Hamlet S, Bird PS, Ivanovski S, Farah CS. The role of cytokines in a Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced murine abscess model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 22:304-12. [PMID: 17803627 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important periodontopathic bacterium that is strongly associated with periodontal disease and is part of human dental plaque. Periodontal disease results from the interaction of the host with bacterial products, and T-cell-derived cytokines remain critical in the immunoregulation of periodontal disease. METHODS The aim of this study was to examine the role of T helper type 1 [interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)] and type 2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines in the immune response to a subcutaneous challenge with P. gingivalis using a well-established murine abscess model, in genetically modified cytokine-specific knockout mice. RESULTS IL-12p40(-/-) mice exhibited more advanced tissue destruction and a reduced inflammatory cell infiltrate after subcutaneous P. gingivalis challenge. Deficiency of IL-4 or IL-10 did not result in increased susceptibility to P. gingivalis-mediated tissue destruction. Furthermore, TNF deficiency appeared to reduce local tissue destruction. Interestingly, serum-specific antibodies suggested a strong T helper type 2 response. CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate an important role for IL-12 in a primary P. gingivalis subcutaneous challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alayan
- Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Sosroseno W, Musa M, Ravichandran M, Fikri Ibrahim M, Bird PS, Seymour GJ. Effect of l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine, an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on murine immune response induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:124-30. [PMID: 17305870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity is known to regulate the immune response. The present study was carried out to determine the effect of L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (L-NIL), an iNOS inhibitor, on the induction of immune response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS BALB/c mice were sham-immunized (group I), immunized with A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (group II) or treated with L-NIL and immunized with A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (group III). All animals were then challenged with viable A. actinomycetemcomitans. The levels of serum nitric oxide (NO), specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes and both interferon-gamma and interleukin-4, as well as spleen cell-derived iNOS activity, before and after bacterial challenge, were assessed. The diameter of skin lesions was also determined. Serum and spleen cells from the above groups were adoptively transferred to the recipients that were then subsequently challenged with live bacteria. RESULTS Treatment with L-NIL suppressed serum NO and splenic iNOS activity, but enhanced serum-specific IgG2a antibody and interferon-gamma levels. The lesions in L-NIL-treated mice healed much more rapidly. Transfer with serum and cells from L-NIL-treated and A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide-immunized donors resulted in rapid healing of the lesions in the recipients. CONCLUSION It is suggested that treatment with L-NIL in mice immunized with A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide may shift the immune response towards a protective T helper 1-like immunity against A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sosroseno
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.
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Newnham JP, Shub A, Jobe AH, Bird PS, Ikegami M, Nitsos I, Moss TJM. The effects of intra-amniotic injection of periodontopathic lipopolysaccharides in sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 193:313-21. [PMID: 16098849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Revised: 03/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontal disease may cause several complications of pregnancy, including fetal death. The purpose of this study was to investigate in sheep the effects of the intra-amniotic injection of lipopolysaccharide from 3 periodontopathic organisms and to compare these effects with those resulting from similar injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. The outcomes that were studied included the rates of fetal death and the features of inflammation and lung maturation in survivors. STUDY DESIGN At 118 days of pregnancy, ewes that were bearing single fetuses were allocated at random to receive intra-amniotic injections of saline solution (n = 13 fetuses), or lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (in doses from 0.1 to 10 mg [n = 22 fetuses]), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (10 mg [n = 6 fetuses]; 1 mg [n = 6 fetuses]), Fusobacterium nucleatum (10 mg [n = 6 fetuses]) or Escherichia coli (10 mg [n = 14 fetuses]; 1 mg [n = 7 fetuses]). Surviving fetuses were delivered abdominally at 125 days of gestation (term, 150 days). RESULTS When compared with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide at similar dosages, periodontopathic lipopolysaccharides had high rates of fetal lethality. Only 6 of 22 fetuses that were exposed to intra-amniotic Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide survived doses of 0.1 to 10 mg, and only 3 of 6 fetuses survived 10-mg Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide did not cause fetal loss when given at doses of 10 mg (n = 14 fetuses) or 1 mg (n = 7 fetuses). Fetuses that survived exposure to these lipopolysaccharides showed features of inflammation in amniotic fluid and cord blood at birth and enhanced lung maturation. CONCLUSION Lipopolysaccharides from these 3 periodontopathic organisms have much higher rates of fetal lethality than Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide but can cause similar intrauterine inflammatory responses and improvements in lung volumes in survivors. Sources of inflammation that are distant from the uterus may underlie a proportion of unexplained stillbirth and other complications of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Newnham
- The School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia.
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Sosroseno W. The Effect ofl‐Arginine onPorphyromonas gingivalis‐Induced Phagocytosis of a Murine Macrophage‐like Raw 264.7 Cell Line. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2004; 26:309-13. [PMID: 15209366 DOI: 10.1081/iph-120037724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of L-arginine on Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced phagocytosis by RAW264.7 cells. The cells were pretreated with L-arginine or D-arginine prior to incubation with either unopsonized or opsonized P. gingivalis. In other experiments, the cells were pretreated with L-arginine and various concentrations of NMLA (N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine) prior to incubation with the bacteria. The phagocytosis was microscopically assessed and determined by the phagocytic index. The results showed that L-arginine, but not D-arginine enhances the ability of RAW264.7 cells to engulf the bacteria. The upregulatory effect of L-arginine on P. gingivalis-induced phagocytosis was abolished by NMLA. The results of the present study suggest that L-arginine may upregulate the P. gingivalis-induced phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells, perhaps, via modulation of nitric oxide synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wihaskoro Sosroseno
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Sciences and Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.
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Gemmell E, Bird PS, Ford PJ, Ashman RB, Gosling P, Hu Y, Seymour GJ. Modulation of the antibody response by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in a mouse model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 19:247-51. [PMID: 15209995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2004.00147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Successive immunization of mice with Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis has been shown to modulate the specific serum IgG responses to these organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate these antibody responses further by examining the IgG subclasses induced as well as the opsonizing properties of the specific antibodies. Serum samples from BALB/c mice immunized with F. nucleatum (gp1-F), P. gingivalis (gp2-P), P. gingivalis followed by F. nucleatum (gp3-PF) F. nucleatum followed by P. gingivalis (gp4-FP) or saline alone (gp5-S) were examined for specific IgG1 (Th2) and IgG2a (Th1) antibody levels using an ELISA and the opsonizing properties measured using a neutrophil chemiluminescence assay. While IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses were induced in all immunized groups, there was a tendency towards an IgG1 response in mice immunized with P. gingivalis alone, while immunization with F. nucleatum followed by P. gingivalis induced significantly higher anti-P. gingivalis IgG2a levels than IgG1. The maximum light output due to neutrophil phagocytosis of P. gingivalis occurred at 10 min using nonopsonized bacteria. Chemiluminescence was reduced using serum-opsonized P. gingivalis and, in particular, sera from P. gingivalis-immunized mice (gp2-P), with maximum responses occurring at 40 min. In contrast, phagocytosis of immune serum-opsonized F. nucleatum demonstrated peak light output at 10 min, while that of F. nucleatum opsonized with sera from saline injected mice (gp5-S) and control nonopsonized bacteria showed peak responses at 40 min. The lowest phagocytic response occurred using gp4-FP serum-opsonized F. nucleatum. In conclusion, the results of the present study have demonstrated a systemic Th1/Th2 response in mice immunized with P. gingivalis and/or F. nucleatum with a trend towards a Th2 response in P. gingivalis-immunized mice and a significantly increased anti-P. gingivalis IgG2a (Th1) response in mice immunized with F. nucleatum prior to P. gingivalis. Further, the inhibition of neutrophil phagocytosis of immune serum-opsonized P. gingivalis was modulated by the presence of anti-F. nucleatum antibodies, while anti-P. gingivalis antibodies induced an inhibitory effect on the phagocytic response to F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gemmell
- Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Sosroseno W, Herminajeng E, Bird PS, Seymour GJ. L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide production of a murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cell line stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 19:65-70. [PMID: 14871343 DOI: 10.1046/j.0902-0055.2003.00108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine nitric oxide (NO) production of a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7 cells) when stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides (Pg-LPS). RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with i) various concentrations of Pg-LPS or Salmonella typhosa LPS (St-LPS), ii) Pg-LPS with or without L-arginine and/or NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), an arginine analog or iii) Pg-LPS and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) with or without anti-IFN-gamma antibodies or interleukin-10 (IL-10). Tissue culture supernatants were assayed for NO levels after 24 h in culture. NO was not observed in tissue culture supernatants of RAW 264.7 cells following stimulation with Pg-LPS, but was observed after stimulation with St-LPS. Exogenous L-arginine restored the ability of Pg-LPS to induce NO production; however, the increase in NO levels of cells stimulated with Pg-LPS with exogenous L-arginine was abolished by NMMA. IFN-gamma induced independent NO production by Pg-LPS-stimulated macrophages and this stimulatory effect of IFN-gamma could be completely suppressed by anti-IFN-gamma antibodies and IL-10. These results suggest that Pg-LPS is able to stimulate NO production in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell model in an L-arginine-dependent mechanism which is itself independent of the action of IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sosroseno
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Veiga-Malta I, Duarte M, Dinis M, Tavares D, Videira A, Ferreira P. Enolase from Streptococcus sobrinus is an immunosuppressive protein. Cell Microbiol 2004; 6:79-88. [PMID: 14678332 DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A strategy of Streptococcus sobrinus, a major agent of dental caries, to survive and colonize the host consists of the production of a protein that suppresses the specific antibody responses. We have cloned the gene coding for a protein with immunosuppressive activity. It contains an open reading frame of 1302 base pairs encoding a polypeptide with 434 amino acid residues and a molecular mass of 46910 Da. The gene product is homologous to enolases from several organisms. The polypeptide was expressed in Escherichia coli as a hexahistidine-tagged protein and purified in a fluoride-sensitive enzymatically active form. Pretreatment of mice with the S. sobrinus recombinant enolase suppresses a primary immune response against T-cell dependent antigens. This immunosuppressive effect is specific to the antigen used in the immunization, as it is not observed when the immune response against other antigens is analysed. Furthermore, the S. sobrinus recombinant enolase stimulates an early production of interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and not the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma. These observations indicate that enolase acts in the suppression of the specific host immune response against S. sobrinus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Veiga-Malta
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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Sosroseno W. Effect of sodium fluoride on the murine splenic immune response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2003; 25:123-7. [PMID: 12675204 DOI: 10.1081/iph-120018287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Spleen cells from saline- and Porphyromonas gingivalis-primed mice were cultured and stimulated with or without P. gingivalis and added with or without various concentration of sodium fluoride (NaF). Cell proliferation, antigen-specific IgG antibodies and both IFN-gamma and IL-10 levels were determined by a colorimetric assay, ELISA and commercial ELISA kits respectively. The results showed that NaF at concentration of 1 x 10(-6) M enhanced but at concentration of 1 x 10(-1) M abolished the immune response to P. gingivalis, suggesting that NaF at low concentration may act as an adjuvant but at high concentration may be toxic to the P. gingivalis-induced murine splenic immune response in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wihaskoro Sosroseno
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Sciences, a Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.
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