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Ballı U, Bozkurt Doğan Ş, Öngöz Dede F, Gülle K, Çölgeçen H, Avcı B, Akpolat Ferah M, Kurtiş MB. Effects of Coriander on the Repair Process of Experimentally-induced Periodontitis in Rats. J Vet Dent 2024:8987564241232862. [PMID: 38470443 DOI: 10.1177/08987564241232862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Coriandrum sativum L. (CSL) seed extract on gingival levels of antioxidant enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines and on alveolar bone and attachment levels after experimental periodontitis induction in rats and compare it with low-dose doxycycline (LDD). Forty adult male Wistar Albino rats were divided randomly into 5 groups as follows: 1 = periodontally healthy (control); 2 = periodontitis; 3 = periodontitis + CSL (32 mg/kg); 4 = periodontitis + CSL (200 mg/kg); and 5 = periodontitis + LDD (6 mg/kg). Gingival superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1βeta (IL-1β) immunoreactivity was detected immunohistochemically. Alveolar bone area in the furcation space (ABA), alveolar bone loss (ABL), and attachment loss (AL) were evaluated histomorphometrically. The SOD level was lower in group 5 than in groups 2, 3, and 4. The IL-1β level was highest in group 4. The TNF-α level was statistically higher in groups 2 and 4 than in groups 1, 3, and 5. The IL-6 level was highest in group 4. Its level was higher in groups 2 and 3 than in group 5. ABA was less in groups 2, 3, and 4 compared to groups 1 and 5. ABL was less in group 5 than in groups 2, 3, and 4. AL was greater in group 4 than in group 5. The use of 200 mg/kg CSL showed a pro-inflammatory effect and IL-1β and TNF-α levels decreased after 32 mg/kg CSL application in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Ballı
- Department of Periodontology, Yüreğir Karşıyaka Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Hastanesi, Adana, Turkey
| | - Şeyma Bozkurt Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Öngöz Dede
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Kanat Gülle
- Department of Medical Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hatice Çölgeçen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Avcı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Meryem Akpolat Ferah
- Department of Medical Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - M Bülent Kurtiş
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Okić Đorđević I, Kukolj T, Živanović M, Momčilović S, Obradović H, Petrović A, Mojsilović S, Trivanović D, Jauković A. The Role of Doxycycline and IL-17 in Regenerative Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: Implications in Periodontitis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1437. [PMID: 37892119 PMCID: PMC10604178 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a degenerative, bacteria-induced chronic disease of periodontium causing bone resorption and teeth loss. It includes a strong reaction of immune cells through the secretion of proinflammatory factors such as Interleukin-17 (IL-17). PD treatment may consider systemic oral antibiotics application, including doxycycline (Dox), exhibiting antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties along with supportive activity in wound healing, thus affecting alveolar bone metabolism. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether Dox can affect the regenerative potential of periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLSCs) modulated by IL-17 in terms of cell migration, osteogenic potential, bioenergetics and expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). Our findings indicate that Dox reduces the stimulatory effect of IL-17 on migration and MMP-2 expression in PDLSCs. Furthermore, Dox stimulates osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, annulling the inhibitory effect of IL-17 on PDLSCs osteogenesis. In addition, analyses of mitochondrial respiration reveal that Dox decreases oxygen consumption rate in PDLSCs exposed to IL-17, suggesting that changes in metabolic performance can be involved in Dox-mediated effects on PDLSCs. The pro-regenerative properties of Dox in inflammatory microenvironment candidates Dox in terms of regenerative therapy of PD-affected periodontium are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Okić Đorđević
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Živanović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Momčilović
- Group for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hristina Obradović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anđelija Petrović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Drenka Trivanović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Toledano-Osorio M, de Luna-Bertos E, Toledano M, Manzano-Moreno FJ, García-Recio E, Ruiz C, Osorio R, Sanz M. Doxycycline-doped collagen membranes accelerate in vitro osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:296-307. [PMID: 36585537 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of doxycycline- and dexamethasone-doped collagen membranes on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. BACKGROUND Collagen barrier membranes are frequently used to promote bone regeneration and to boost this biological activity their functionalization with antibacterial and immunomodulatory substances has been suggested. METHODS The design included commercially available collagen membranes doped with doxycycline (Dox-Col-M) or dexamethasone (Dex-Col-M), as well as undoped membranes (Col-M) as controls, which were placed in contact with cultured MG63 osteoblast-like cells (ATCC). Cell proliferation was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay and differentiation by measuring the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity using spectrophotometry. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to study the expression of the genes: Runx-2, OSX, ALP, OSC, OPG, RANKL, Col-I, BMP-2, BMP-7, TGF-β1, VEGF, TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, and TGF-βR3. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study osteoblast morphology. Data were assessed using one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests, once their distribution normality was assessed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests (p > .05). Bonferroni for multiple comparisons were carried out (p < .05). RESULTS Osteoblast proliferation was significantly enhanced in the functionalized membranes as follows: (Col-M < Dex-Col-M < Dox-Col-M). ALP activity was significantly higher on cultured osteoblasts on Dox-Col-M. Runx-2, OSX, ALP, OSC, BMP-2, BMP-7, TGF-β1, VEGF, TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, and TGF-βR3 were overexpressed, and RANKL was down-regulated in osteoblasts cultured on Dox-Col-M. The osteoblasts cultured in contact with the functionalized membranes demonstrated an elongated spindle-shaped morphology. CONCLUSION The functionalization of collagen membranes with Dox promoted an increase in the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano-Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada, Spain.,Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública PhD Programme, Granada, Spain
| | - Elvira de Luna-Bertos
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, IBS, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Toledano
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Manzano-Moreno
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, IBS, Granada, Spain.,Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique García-Recio
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, IBS, Granada, Spain.,Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Campus de Melilla, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, IBS, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Parque de Tecnológico de la Salud (PTS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Biewer B, Rompen E, Mittelbronn M, Hammer GP, Quatresooz P, Borgmann FK. Effects of Minocycline Hydrochloride as an Adjuvant Therapy for a Guided Bone Augmentation Procedure in The Rat Calvarium. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11040092. [PMID: 37185470 PMCID: PMC10136768 DOI: 10.3390/dj11040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This in vivo study reports the influence of minocycline-HCl administration on extra-skeletal bone generation in a Guided Bone Augmentation model, utilizing titanium caps placed on the intact as well as perforated calvaria of rats. The test group was administered 0.5 mg/mL minocycline-HCl with the drinking water, and the amount of bone tissue in the caps was quantified at three time points (4, 8 and 16 weeks). A continuously increased tissue fill was observed in all groups over time. The administration of minocycline-HCl as well as perforation of the calvaria increased this effect, especially with regard to mineralization. The strongest tissue augmentation, with 1.8 times that of the untreated control group, and, at the same time, the most mineralized tissue (2.3× over untreated control), was produced in the combination of both treatments, indicating that systemic administration of minocycline-HCl has an accelerating and enhancing effect on vertical bone augmentation.
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Tonelli A, Lumngwena EN, Ntusi NAB. The oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:386-403. [PMID: 36624275 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and expansion of available therapies, the global burden of CVD-associated morbidity and mortality remains unacceptably high. Important gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms of CVD and determinants of disease progression. In the past decade, much research has been conducted on the human microbiome and its potential role in modulating CVD. With the advent of high-throughput technologies and multiomics analyses, the complex and dynamic relationship between the microbiota, their 'theatre of activity' and the host is gradually being elucidated. The relationship between the gut microbiome and CVD is well established. Much less is known about the role of disruption (dysbiosis) of the oral microbiome; however, interest in the field is growing, as is the body of literature from basic science and animal and human investigations. In this Review, we examine the link between the oral microbiome and CVD, specifically coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, infective endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease. We discuss the various mechanisms by which oral dysbiosis contributes to CVD pathogenesis and potential strategies for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tonelli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cardiovascular Research Unit, Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Extramural Research Unit on the Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Disease, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Evelyn N Lumngwena
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Extramural Research Unit on the Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Disease, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Matrix Metalloproteinases in Dental and Periodontal Tissues and Their Current Inhibitors: Developmental, Degradational and Pathological Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168929. [PMID: 36012195 PMCID: PMC9409155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This review article aims to describe some of the roles of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in enamel, dentine, dental caries, hybrid layer degradation, pulp and periodontal tissues, throwing light on their current inhibitors. The article addresses the potential of MMPs to serve as biomarkers with diagnostic and therapeutic value. Design: The sections of this review discuss MMPs’ involvement in developmental, remodeling, degradational and turnover aspects of dental and periodontal tissues as well as their signals in the pathogenesis, progress of different lesions and wound healing of these tissues. The literature was searched for original research articles, review articles and theses. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and MEDLINE for articles published in the last 20 years. Results: 119 published papers, two textbooks and two doctoral theses were selected for preparing the current review. Conclusions: MMPs are significant proteases, of evident contribution in dental and periapical tissue development, health and disease processes, with promising potential for use as diagnostic and prognostic disease biomarkers. Continuing understanding of their role in pathogenesis and progress of different dental, periapical and periodontal lesions, as well as in dentine-pulp wound healing could be a keystone to future diagnostic and therapeutic regimens.
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Vieceli PS, Juiz PJL, Lauria PSS, Couto RD, Tomassini TCB, Ribeiro IM, Soares MBP, Villarreal CF. Physalis angulata reduces the progression of chronic experimental periodontitis by immunomodulatory mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113986. [PMID: 33675915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Physalis angulata is an herb found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world; it is widely applied in popular medicine due to the therapeutic properties of the whole plant and its parts. Extracts and infusions of this plant have been extensively applied in folk medicine worldwide to treat inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases, including oral inflammatory conditions such as sore throat and gingivitis. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of the ethanolic extract of P. angulata (EEPA) in a murine model of chronic periodontitis, aiming to corroborate its traditional use as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent, and to point out possible mechanisms involved in these effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS EEPA was obtained from the stems of P. angulata collected in Belém (PA, Brazil). Chronic periodontitis was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by 12 administrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 μg/1μL) into the gingival papilla in the course of 28 days. Starting from the 15th day after the first LPS injection, mice were daily treated with EEPA (50 or 100 mg/kg), nimesulide (25 mg/kg, reference drug), or vehicle by oral route for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, alveolar bone loss was evaluated along with the gingival expression of biomarkers of periodontitis and cytokines by RT-q-PCR and ELISA. Hematological and biochemical parameters suggestive of systemic toxicity were also evaluated. The transcriptional activity of NF-κB was investigated using the luciferase assay in macrophages. RESULTS Mice with chronic experimental periodontitis suffered alveolar bone loss that was prevented by the treatment with EEPA (50 or 100 mg/kg) or nimesulide (25 mg/kg). EEPA (50 and 100 mg/kg) and nimesulide (25 mg/kg) reduced mRNA levels of MMP-9 mRNA, but not of TIMP-1 in gingival tissue of periodontitis-induced mice. Both treatments also reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. The treatment with EEPA (100 mg/kg) increased the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β. No hematological or biochemical alterations were caused by the daily treatment with EEPA. In vitro luciferase assay suggested that a putative mechanism of EEPA is reducing the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS EEPA exhibited a disease-modifying effect in the chronic experimental periodontitis, along with unidentifiable systemic toxicity. This work corroborates the traditional use of P. angulata in oral inflammatory conditions and provides mechanistic hypotheses to explain its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristiane Flora Villarreal
- College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Effect of chemically modified tetracycline-8 (CMT-8) on hematology, blood chemistry, cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of healthy dogs. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:200-208. [PMID: 33684794 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are antibiotics widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Effects on the immune system and inflammatory response, including effects on blood leukocytes proliferation and function and in cytokines synthesis, have been described. Chemically modified tetracyclines (CMT) have lost their antimicrobial activity, but maintain these other properties. This study analyzes the effect of chemically modified tetracycline-8 (CMT-8) on the evolution of complete blood count, blood chemistry, the mRNA expression of selected cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations distribution in healthy dogs. CMT-8 at a dose of 10 mg/kg once daily was administered per os to six healthy dogs. A control group of five healthy dogs, living in the same conditions than dogs treated with CMT-8, received placebo with an identical therapeutic regimen. When given at the doses used in this study, no side effects of CMT-8 were detected, suggesting a good tolerance and a limited toxicity of the drug. Dogs treated with CMT-8 showed a gradual increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The administration of CMT-8 in healthy dogs did not affect blood mRNA expression of IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40 and IL-13. However, the lymphocytes expressing class II MHC on their surface decreased during the first two weeks of CMT-8 treatment and subsequently increased for the next three months. Considering the absence of antimicrobial properties of the drug, the effects of CMT-8 detected in this study seem to be unrelated to the classical antimicrobial activity attributed to tetracyclines.
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Radaic A, Kapila YL. The oralome and its dysbiosis: New insights into oral microbiome-host interactions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1335-1360. [PMID: 33777334 PMCID: PMC7960681 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oralome is the summary of the dynamic interactions orchestrated between the ecological community of oral microorganisms (comprised of up to approximately 1000 species of bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea and protozoa - the oral microbiome) that live in the oral cavity and the host. These microorganisms form a complex ecosystem that thrive in the dynamic oral environment in a symbiotic relationship with the human host. However, the microbial composition is significantly affected by interspecies and host-microbial interactions, which in turn, can impact the health and disease status of the host. In this review, we discuss the composition of the oralome and inter-species and host-microbial interactions that take place in the oral cavity and examine how these interactions change from healthy (eubiotic) to disease (dysbiotic) states. We further discuss the dysbiotic signatures associated with periodontitis and caries and their sequalae, (e.g., tooth/bone loss and pulpitis), and the systemic diseases associated with these oral diseases, such as infective endocarditis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and head and neck/oral cancer. We then discuss current computational techniques to assess dysbiotic oral microbiome changes. Lastly, we discuss current and novel techniques for modulation of the dysbiotic oral microbiome that may help in disease prevention and treatment, including standard hygiene methods, prebiotics, probiotics, use of nano-sized drug delivery systems (nano-DDS), extracellular polymeric matrix (EPM) disruption, and host response modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Radaic
- Kapila Laboratory, Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Kapila Laboratory, Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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Veginadu P, Tavva SR, Muddada V, Gorantla S. Effect of pharmacological agents on relapse following orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod 2020; 90:598-606. [PMID: 33378496 PMCID: PMC8028453 DOI: 10.2319/092619-613.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate and synthesize systematically the evidence from animal studies pertaining to the effect of pharmacological agents on tooth movement relapse following cessation of orthodontic force application. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was conducted in seven online databases (including gray sources) without restrictions until the third week of April 2019, followed by a hand search in the reference lists of eligible articles. Controlled animal studies investigating the effect of pharmacological agents on tooth movement relapse following orthodontic treatment were selected. Relevant data were extracted from eligible studies and the risk of bias assessment was done using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool. RESULTS The search identified 2354 records, of which 7 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis, with the majority presenting an unclear risk of bias. Orthodontic relapse was shown to decrease with the administration of pamidronate disodium, atorvastatin, aspirin, and chemically modified tetracycline-3. Inconsistent effects on relapse were observed after the use of simvastatin. The overall quality of retrieved evidence was assessed as low at best. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence shows that the investigated pharmacological agents may demonstrate variable effects on tooth movement relapse following cessation of orthodontic force. Additional evidence of higher quality is required to draw definitive conclusions on their effects and to make potential recommendations for clinical application.
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O’Sullivan S, Wang J, Radomski MW, Gilmer JF, Medina C. Novel Barbiturate-Nitrate Compounds Inhibit the Upregulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Expression in Intestinal Inflammation through a cGMP-Mediated Pathway. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050808. [PMID: 32466182 PMCID: PMC7277209 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease. Barbiturate nitrate hybrid compounds have been designed to inhibit MMP secretion and enzyme activity. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of barbiturate-nitrate hybrid compounds and their component parts using models of intestinal inflammation in vitro. Cytokine-stimulated Caco-2 cells were used in all in vitro experiments. The NO donors SNAP and DETA-NONOate were used to study the effect of NO on MMP-9 mRNA. Mechanistic elucidation was carried out using the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor, ODQ, and the cGMP analogue, 8-Bromo-cGMP. Further experiments were carried out to elucidate the role of NF-κB. NO donors exerted an inhibitory effect on MMP-9 mRNA in cytokine-stimulated cells. While the non-nitrate barbiturates had a limited effect on MMP-9 expression, the hybrid compounds inhibited MMP-9 expression through its NO-mimetic properties. No effect could be observed on mRNA for MMP-1 or MMP-2. The sGC inhibitior, ODQ, abolished the nitrate-barbiturate inhibition of MMP-9 gene expression, an effect which was reversed by 8-Br-cGMP. This study shows that the barbiturate scaffold is suitable for hybrid design as an MMP-9 inhibitor in cytokine-stimulated Caco-2 cells. The inhibition of MMP-9 levels was largely mediated through a reduction in its mRNA by a sGC/cGMP pathway mediated mechanism.
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Abstract
With the recognition in the 1960s and 1970s of the periodontopathic importance of the microbial biofilm and its specific anaerobic microorganisms, periodontitis was treated as an infectious disease (more recently, as a dysbiosis). Subsequently, in the 1980s, host-response mechanisms were identified as the mediators of the destruction of the collagen-rich periodontal tissues (gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone), and the periodontopathogens were now regarded as the "trigger" of the inflammatory/collagenolytic response that characterizes actively destructive periodontitis. Also at this time a new pharmacologic strategy emerged, entitled "host-modulation therapy", based on 2 major findings: (1) that the ability of tetracycline antibiotics to inhibit periodontal breakdown was due (in large part) to their previously unrecognized ability to inhibit the host-derived matrix metalloproteinases (notably, the collagenases, gelatinases, macrophage metalloelastase), and by mechanisms unrelated to the antimicrobial properties of these medications; and (2) that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as flurbiprofen, again by nonantimicrobial mechanisms, could reduce the severity of periodontitis (however, the adverse effects of long-term therapy precluded their development as safe and effective host-modulatory agents). Additional mechanistic studies resulted in the development of novel nonantimicrobial formulations (Periostat® [now generic] and Oracea®) and compositions of tetracyclines (notably chemically modified tetracycline-3) as host-modulator drugs for periodontitis, arthritis, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, cancer, and, more recently, for local and systemic bone loss in postmenopausal women. Identification of the cation-binding active site in the tetraphenolic chemically modified tetracycline molecules drove the development of a new category of matrix metalloproteinase-inhibitor compounds, with a similar active site, the biphenolic chemically modified curcumins. A lead compound, chemically modified curcumin 2.24, has demonstrated safety and efficacy in vitro, in cell culture, and in vivo in mouse, rat, rabbit, and dog models of disease. In conclusion, novel host-modulation compounds have shown significant promise as adjuncts to traditional local therapy in the clinical management of periodontal disease; appear to reduce systemic complications of this all-too-common "inflammatory/collagenolytic" disease; and Oracea® is now commonly prescribed for inflammatory dermatologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorne M. Golub
- Department of Oral Biology & PathologySchool of Dental MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York, USA
| | - Hsi‐Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology & PathologySchool of Dental MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York, USA
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A Novel Analysis via Micro-CT Imaging Indicates That Chemically Modified Tetracycline-3 (CMT-3) Inhibits Tooth Relapse after Orthodontic Movement: A Pilot Experimental Study. Int J Dent 2019; 2019:3524207. [PMID: 31065268 PMCID: PMC6466921 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3524207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of chemically modified tetracycline-3 (CMT-3) and simvastatin on tooth relapse after orthodontic movement in rats using a novel analysis method employing high-resolution micro-CT (Micro-CT) images. In addition, the correlation between bone density and orthodontic relapse was also evaluated for each experimental group. Methods Forty adult male Wistar rats had stainless steel springs installed on their left upper first molars in order to generate tooth movement for 18 days. After this initial period, the animals were divided into three groups: (1) 30 mg/kg of CMT-3; (2) 5 mg/kg of simvastatin; and (3) 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose, and each group was treated for 20 days. Micro-CT images were analyzed (conventional method and 3D reconstruction) on the 7th and 18th days following spring fixation and finally, 20 days after treatment either with CMT-3 or simvastatin (38th day). Bone mineral density (BMD) of the mesial and distal roots of the upper first molar was also analyzed. Results The difference was statistically significant between the groups as to recurrence (p=0.048), and the post hoc test identified the value of p=0.007 between the control group and the CMT-3 group. Simvastatin was not able to inhibit tooth relapse. The bone mineral densities of both the mesial and distal roots were different between the three groups, after the 20th day of drug use (p=0001 and p < 0001). Conclusion Our findings support the initial evidence that CMT-3 is able to prevent relapse after tooth movement. Future trials in humans should evaluate such treatment as a promising approach to preventing this common phenomenon. Clinical Relevance Considering the results obtained, CMT-3 can be used to avoid relapse after tooth movement.
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Farzamfar S, Naseri-Nosar M, Sahrapeyma H, Ehterami A, Goodarzi A, Rahmati M, Ahmadi Lakalayeh G, Ghorbani S, Vaez A, Salehi M. Tetracycline hydrochloride-containing poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly lactic acid scaffold for bone tissue engineering application: in vitro and in vivo study. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1466133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Farzamfar
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Naseri-Nosar
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Sahrapeyma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Ehterami
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Arash Goodarzi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Rahmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ahmadi Lakalayeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Ghorbani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Tissue Engineering and stem cells research center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Golub LM, Payne JB, Reinhardt RA, Nieman G. Can Systemic Diseases Co-induce (Not Just Exacerbate) Periodontitis? A Hypothetical “Two-hit” Model. J Dent Res 2016; 85:102-5. [PMID: 16434727 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology & Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Chaussain-Miller C, Fioretti F, Goldberg M, Menashi S. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Human Caries. J Dent Res 2016; 85:22-32. [PMID: 16373676 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to summarize our understanding of the role of host matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the caries process and to discuss new therapeutic avenues. MMPs hydrolyze components of the extracellular matrix and play a central role in many biological and pathological processes. MMPs have been suggested to play an important role in the destruction of dentin organic matrix following demineralization by bacterial acids and, therefore, in the control or progression of carious decay. Host-derived MMPs can originate both from saliva and from dentin. They may be activated by an acidic pH brought about by lactate release from cariogenic bacteria. Once activated, they are able to digest demineralized dentin matrix after pH neutralization by salivary buffers. Furthermore, the degradation of SIBLINGs (Small Integrin-binding Ligand N-linked Glycoproteins) by the caries process may potentially enhance the release of MMPs and their activation. This review also explores the different available MMP inhibitors, natural or synthetic, and suggests that MMP inhibition by several inhibitors, particularly by natural substances, could provide a potential therapeutic pathway to limit caries progression in dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chaussain-Miller
- Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Biominéralisation, Université Paris 5, France.
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Qiu Z, Zhang F, Gong C, Xu H, Hu J. Fusion Peptides CPU1 and CPU2 Inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases and Protect Mice from Endotoxin Shock Within a Strict Time Window. Inflammation 2016; 38:2092-104. [PMID: 26111477 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxin shock induction in mice is a commonly used animal model to evaluate the protective effect of biologically active reagents. After an lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulus, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are rapidly degranulated and released by neutrophils, aside other enzymes and effector molecules. MMPs cleave extracellular matrix components and cytokines, and such processes contribute to shock syndrome development. CPU1 and CPU2 are two peptide MMP inhibitors with different in vitro IC50 values to several key enzymes, including MMP-8 and MMP-9. In vivo work confirmed that CPU1 and CPU2 protected mice from endotoxin shock after intravenous and intraperitoneal injections. Furthermore, their minimal effective dose after an intravenous injection and the maximum time interval between intraperitoneal peptide injection (150 mg/kg) and intravenous LPS injection were determined. With the use of an indirect competitive ELISA, plasma CPU1 and CPU2 concentrations in different experimental settings were measured. In addition, the acuteness of MMP-9 release in the mouse circulation after an intravenous LPS injection was confirmed with the zymography technique. Our findings reinforce previous work with other inhibitors about a strict time window within which effective MMP inhibition is needed to obtain significant survival rate improvements and also show that, with strict pharmacokinetic monitoring, potent protease inhibitors may in the future become life-savers in shock conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Fengguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Chengxin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Peoples Republic of China. .,The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Hanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Peoples Republic of China. .,The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Jialiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Peoples Republic of China. .,The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Peoples Republic of China.
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Javed F, Kellesarian SV, Al-Kheraif AA, Ranna V, Qadri T, Yunker M, Malmstrom H, Romanos GE. Effect of Nd:YAG laser-assisted non-surgical periodontal therapy on clinical periodontal and serum biomarkers in patients with and without coronary artery disease: A short-term pilot study. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:929-935. [PMID: 26846607 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that nonsurgical-periodontal-therapy (NSPT) with adjunct Nd:YAG laser therapy is more effective in reducing periodontal inflammatory parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding-on-probing [BOP], and probing-pocket-depth [PPD]) and serum interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels in patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) than NSPT alone. The aim of this short-term pilot study was to assess the effect of NSPT + Nd:YAG laser therapy on periodontal parameters and serum IL-1β and MMP-9 levels in patients with and without CAD. STUDY DESIGN A prospective randomized clinical study was conducted on 87 patients who were divided into two groups: Group-1: 44 patients with CAD and periodontal disease (PD) and Group-2: 43 patients with PD alone. Treatment-wise, these individuals were randomly divided into two subgroups: (i) NSPT alone and (ii) NSPT + Nd:YAG laser therapy. Demographic information was collected using a self-completed questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (PI, BOP, and PPD) and serum IL-1β and MMP-9 levels were measured at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS At 3 months follow-up, PI (P < 0.01), BOP (P < 0.01), PPD ≥ 4 mm (P < 0.01), and serum IL-1β (P < 0.01) and MMP-9 (P < 0.01) levels were significantly higher in patients treated with NSPT alone than those treated with NSPT + Nd:YAG laser therapy. Among patients that underwent NSPT + laser therapy in both groups, periodontal parameters and serum IL-1β, and MMP-9 levels were comparable at 3-months follow-up. CONCLUSION NSPT + Nd:YAG laser therapy may be more effective in reducing periodontal inflammation and serum IL-1β and MMP-9 levels in patients with and without CAD than NSPT alone. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:929-935, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Sergio V Kellesarian
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinisha Ranna
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Talat Qadri
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Yunker
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Hans Malmstrom
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Stony Brook, New York.,Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, University of Johann Wolfgang, Frankfurt, Germany
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Swamy DN, Sanivarapu S, Moogla S, Kapalavai V. Chemically modified tetracyclines: The novel host modulating agents. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015; 19:370-4. [PMID: 26392682 PMCID: PMC4555791 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.149934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal pathogens and destructive host responses are involved in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. The emergence of host response modulation as a treatment concept has resulted from our improved understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. A variety of drugs have been evaluated as host modulation agents (HMA), including Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS), bisphosphonates, tetracyclines, enamel matrix proteins and bone morphogenetic proteins. Chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) are one such group of drugs which have been viewed as potential host modulating agents by their anticollagenolytic property. The CMTs are designed to be more potent inhibitors of pro inflammatory mediators and can increase the levels of anti inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahitya Sanivarapu
- Department of Periodontics, SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivas Moogla
- Department of Periodontics, SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vasavi Kapalavai
- Department of Periodontics, SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Oral biosciences: The annual review 2013. J Oral Biosci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Araújo AA, Souza TO, Moura LM, Brito GAC, Aragão KS, Araújo LS, Medeiros CAX, Alves MSCF, Araújo RF. Effect of telmisartan on levels of IL-1, TNF-α, down-regulated COX-2, MMP-2, MMP-9 and RANKL/RANK in an experimental periodontitis model. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:1104-11. [PMID: 24118063 PMCID: PMC4274974 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of telmisartan (TELM) on inflammation, oxidation and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the expression RANKL/RANK/OPG in the periodontal tissue of a rat model for ligature-induced periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of 10 rats each: (i) non-ligated, given water; (ii) ligated, given water; (iii) ligated, given 1 mg/kg TELM; (iv) ligated, given 5 mg/kg TELM; and (v) ligated, given 10 mg/kg TELM. All groups were treated with saline or TELM for 10 days. Periodontal tissue was analysed by histopathology; by the immunohistochemical examination of COX-2, MMP-2, MMP-9 and the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway; and by ELISA analysis of the levels of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). RESULTS Treatment with 10 mg/kg TELM resulted in reduced concentrations of MPO, MDA (p < 0.05) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β (p < 0.05); reduced expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, RANK, RANKL and COX-2; and an increase in OPG. The levels of TNF-α were significantly reduced in all TELM-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the involvement of TELM in reducing the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurigena A Araújo
- Post graduation Program Public Health/Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
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Jin J, Zhang X, Lu Z, Li Y, Lopes-Virella MF, Yu H, Haycraft CJ, Li Q, Kirkwood KL, Huang Y. Simvastatin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclastogenesis and reduces alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:518-26. [PMID: 24117880 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Statins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and have anti-inflammatory effects independent of cholesterol lowering. Recent clinical studies have indicated that statin intake has a beneficial effect on periodontal disease. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been well understood. In the current study, we employed a rat model with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced periodontal disease and determined the effect of simvastatin, a commonly prescribed statin, on osteoclastogenesis, gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans LPS in periodontal tissue three times per week for 8 wk and part of the rats with LPS injection were also given simvastatin via gavage. After the treatments, the rat maxillae were scanned by microcomputed tomography and the images were analyzed to determine alveolar bone loss. To explore the underlying mechanisms, the effect of simvastatin on osteoclastogenesis and gingival expression of proinflammatory cytokines were also determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, respectively. RESULTS Results showed that LPS treatment markedly increased bone loss, but administration of simvastatin significantly alleviated the bone loss. Results also showed that LPS treatment stimulated osteoclastogenesis and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, but simvastatin significantly modulates the stimulatory effect of LPS on osteoclastogenesis and cytokine expression. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that simvastatin treatment inhibits LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis and gingival inflammation and reduces alveolar bone loss, indicating that the intake of simvastatin may hinder the progression of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Fugler LA, Eades SC, Moore RM, Koch CE, Keowen ML. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase activity in horses after intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide and treatment with matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:473-80. [PMID: 23438126 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.3.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish an in vivo method for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 induction in horses via IV administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to evaluate the ability of doxycycline, oxytetracycline, flunixin meglumine, and pentoxifylline to inhibit equine MMP-2 and MMP-9 production. ANIMALS 29 adult horses of various ages and breeds and either sex. PROCEDURES In part 1, horses received an IV administration of LPS (n = 5) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (5). Venous blood samples were collected before and at specified times for 24 hours after infusion. Plasma was harvested and analyzed for MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities via zymography. In part 2, horses received doxycycline (n = 5), oxytetracycline (5), flunixin meglumine (5), or pentoxifylline (4) before and for up to 12 hours after administration of LPS. Plasma was obtained and analyzed, and results were compared with results from the LPS-infused horses of part 1. RESULTS Administration of LPS significantly increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in the venous circulation of horses. All MMP inhibitors significantly decreased LPS-induced increases in MMP activities but to differing degrees. Pentoxifylline and oxytetracycline appeared to be the most effective MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors, whereas doxycycline and flunixin meglumine were more effective at inhibiting MMP-2 activity than MMP-9 activity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IV administration of LPS to horses caused increased venous plasma activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. These MMP activities were reduced by pentoxifylline and oxytetracycline, suggesting that further evaluation of these medications for treatment and prevention of MMP-associated diseases in horses is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ann Fugler
- Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Gamal AY, Kumper RM, Al Gendy AERR. Doxycycline-Loaded β-Tricalcium Phosphate Release Following EDTA Root Surface Etching Improved the Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Periodontitis: An In Vivo Study. J Periodontol 2013; 84:924-33. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yağan A, Kesim S, Liman N. Effect of low-dose doxycycline on serum oxidative status, gingival antioxidant levels, and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontol 2013; 85:478-89. [PMID: 23786405 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subantibiotic doses of doxycycline (low-dose doxycycline [LDD]) have been widely used in periodontal treatment for enzymatic inhibition and related anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study is to verify the possible effects of LDD on oxidative stress in relation to periodontal attachment loss associated with ligature-induced experimental periodontal disease in rats. METHODS Thirty female Wistar albino rats were divided into three study groups as follows: 1) control (C) rats; 2) rats with experimental periodontitis (PED); and 3) rats with PED that were treated with doxycycline (PED + LDD). PED was induced by placing ligatures around the cervix of the maxillary second molars for 21 days. The PED + LDD group was treated orally with doxycycline (6 mg/kg) for 21 days after the ligature was placed. After 21 days, the rats were euthanized, and samples of the right maxilla were defleshed and used for histologic and morphometric analyses. The gingival tissue of the left maxilla was used for the analysis of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase). Levels of serum total antioxidant status (TAS)/total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also analyzed. RESULTS Alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in the PED group compared with the PED + LDD and C groups (P <0.05). Doxycycline exhibited the most prominent inhibition on gingival tissue levels of MDA and antioxidant enzymes (P <0.05). Doxycycline also significantly reduced TOS and OSI levels (P <0.05) but increased the TAS level. CONCLUSION Doxycycline helps to prevent periodontal tissue breakdown by inhibiting local and systemic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akın Yağan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Suchak A, Soory M. Anabolic potential of bone mineral in human periosteal fibroblasts using steroid markers of healing. Steroids 2013; 78:462-7. [PMID: 23438414 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A deproteinized natural cancellous bone mineral (B) was studied in a cell culture model for its anabolic potential using two radiolabelled steroid substrates, 14C-testosterone (14C-T) and 14C-4-androstenedione (14C-4-A) independently; in the presence or absence of the anti-androgen finasteride (F) and minocycline (M). Culture medium was assayed for the biologically active metabolite 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) a marker of regenerative potential and wound healing. Confluent monolayer cultures of human periosteal fibroblasts were incubated in Eagle's minimum essential medium with each of the substrates 14C-T and 14C-4-A. Incubations were performed with previously established optimal concentrations of B5 (milligrams/ml), M25 (μg/ml) and F5 (μg/ml) alone and in combination (n=6) for 24h. The eluent was solvent extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ml x 2) and subjected to TLC in a benzene/acetone solvent system (4:1 v/v) for separation of metabolites; they were quantified using a radioisotope scanner. The yield of DHT was increased over controls in response to B and M with both substrates 14C-T and 14C-4-A by 1.7, 1.8-fold and 1.7, 1.6-fold respectively (n=6; p<0.001; one way ANOVA). Combined incubations of B and M resulted in similar yields. F inhibited DHT yields with both radiolabelled substrates by 2-3-fold (n=6; p<0.001) which was overcome by a combined incubation of F+B to values similar to those of controls (p<0.01). Documented pro-anabolic effects of minocycline were applicable as a standard for confirmation of responses to B. Significant increases in yields of DHT in response to B and M with both substrates indicate their anabolic potential in periosteal fibroblasts with implications for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suchak
- Formerly at King's College London Dental Institute, Periodontology, King's College Dental Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RW, UK
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Kaur K, Sikri P. Evaluation of the effect of allograft with doxycycline versus the allograft alone in the treatment of infrabony defects: A controlled clinical and radiographical study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2013; 10:238-46. [PMID: 23946743 PMCID: PMC3731967 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.113359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful prevention and treatment of periodontal disease are contingent on effective control of periodontopathic microbiota based on the premise of periodontal disease being infectious disorders. An anti-microbial agent, i.e., doxycycline has been incorporated into the allograft to control infection and facilitate healing during and after periodontal therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a split-mouth design, 15 patients showing clinical evidence of almost identical bilateral infrabony defects requiring bone grafting procedures were randomly selected. In each patient, infrabony defects on one side were designated as Group A (control group) and infrabony defects of the contralateral side of the same arch were designated as Group B (test group). Clinical assessment of probing pocket depth and attachment level and radiographic evaluation of the defect depth was done pre-operatively and at 12-week and 24-week post-operatively. The relative efficacy of the two treatment modalities was evaluated using paired Student's t-test and the comparative evaluation between the two groups over the 3 time intervals was done using independent Student's t-test. RESULTS Both the groups exhibited a highly significant reduction in probing depth and gain in clinical attachment level (CAL) and a linear bone fill at the end of 12 and 24 weeks. Comparative evaluation showed a statistically significant gain in bone fill in Group B as compared to Group A, whereas a non-significant reduction in probing depth and gain in CALs between the two groups at the end of 24 weeks (whereas mean reduction in probing depth and gain in CAL were also greater in Group B but the difference was statistically non-significant). CONCLUSION The increase in linear bone fill in Group B signifies the role of doxycycline in augmenting regenerative potential of allograft by combating residual infection and through host modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulmeet Kaur
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, B.J.S. Dental College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Poonam Sikri
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Desh Bhagat Dental College and Research Institute, Mukatsar, Punjab, India
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Udagawa N, Koide M, Nakamura M, Takahashi N. Minocycline to be used a potential anti-bone resorption agents due to the suppression of osteoclastic bone resorption. J Oral Biosci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Honibald EN, Mathew S, Padmanaban J, Sundaram E, Ramamoorthy RD. Perioceutics: Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as an adjunctive therapy for inflammatory periodontal disease. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2012; 4:S417-21. [PMID: 23066302 PMCID: PMC3467883 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) form a group of more than 20 zinc-dependent enzymes that are crucial in the degradation of the main components in the extracellular matrix, and thereby play important roles in cell migration, wound healing, and tissue remodeling. MMPs have outgrown the field of extracellular matrix biology and have progressed toward being important regulatory molecules in inflammation, and hence are key components in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This rise in status has led to the development of MMP inhibitors which can act as switches or delicate tuners in acute and chronic inflammation and the regenerative phase after inflammation. The new challenge in MMP research is to better understand the complex role these enzymes play in periodontal disease and to design inhibitors that are successful in the clinic. Perioceutics or the use of the pharmacological agents specifically developed to manage periodontitis is an interesting and emerging aid in the management of periodontal diseases along with mechanical debridement. The purpose of this review is to provide an introduction to MMPs and their inhibitors, the pathologic effects of a disturbance in the functions of enzyme cascades in balance with natural inhibitors, and highlight on the adjunctive use of MMP inhibitors in periodontal therapy and some of the current challenges with an overview of what has been achieved till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nalini Honibald
- Department of Periodontics, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, KSR Kalvi Nagar, Thokkavadi (PO), Tiruchengode,Namakkal (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India
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Vijayaraghavan R, Mathian VM, Sundaram AM, Karunakaran R, Vinodh S. Triple antibiotic paste in root canal therapy. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4:S230-3. [PMID: 23066258 PMCID: PMC3467921 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of the endodontic treatment depends on the microbial suppression in the root canal and periapical region. Endodontic instrumentation alone cannot achieve a sterile condition. With the advent of non-instrumentation endodontic treatment and lesion sterilization and tissue repair, local application of antibiotics has been investigated. Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) containing metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline has been reported to be a successful regimen in controlling the root canal pathogen and in managing non-vital young permanent tooth. This paper reviews the existing literature on biocompatibility, efficiency, drawbacks of TAP in endodontic therapy and pulp revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangasamy Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Pedodontics and Reventive Dentistry, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
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Agnihotri R, Gaur S. Chemically modified tetracyclines: Novel therapeutic agents in the management of chronic periodontitis. Indian J Pharmacol 2012; 44:161-7. [PMID: 22529468 PMCID: PMC3326905 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.93841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is a complex infection initiated by gram-negative bacteria which destroy the supporting structures of the tooth. Recently, it has been recognized that it is the host response to bacterial infection which causes greater destruction of the connective tissue elements, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in periodontitis. This has led to the development of various host modulating approaches to target cells and their destructive mediators involved in tissue degradation. Chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) are derivatives of tetracycline group of drugs which lack antimicrobial action but have potent host modulating affects. They inhibit pathologically elevated matrix metal loproteinases, pro-inflammtory cytokines and other destructive mediators. Bone resorption is also suppressed due to their combined anti-proteinase and apoptotic affects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. Development of resistant bacteria and gastrointestinal toxicity seen with parent tetracyclines is not produced by CMTs. Hence, CMTs are viewed as potential therapeutic agents in the management of chronic diseases like periodontitis that involve destruction of connective tissue and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Agnihotri
- Department of Periodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Gamal AY, Kumper RM. A Novel Approach to the Use of Doxycycline-Loaded Biodegradable Membrane and EDTA Root Surface Etching in Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Periodontol 2012; 83:1086-94. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.110476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Özdemir SP, Kurtiş B, Tüter G, Bozkurt Ş, Gültekin SE, Sengüven B, Watanabe K, Aydın S. Effects of Low-Dose Doxycycline and Bisphosphonate Clodronate on Alveolar Bone Loss and Gingival Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Interleukin-1β in Rats With Diabetes: A Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Study. J Periodontol 2012; 83:1172-82. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.110459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kinugawa S, Koide M, Kobayashi Y, Mizoguchi T, Ninomiya T, Muto A, Kawahara I, Nakamura M, Yasuda H, Takahashi N, Udagawa N. Tetracyclines convert the osteoclastic-differentiation pathway of progenitor cells to produce dendritic cell-like cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:1772-81. [PMID: 22250082 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclines, such as doxycycline and minocycline, are used to suppress the growth of bacteria in patients with inflammatory diseases. Tetracyclines have been shown to prevent bone loss, but the mechanism involved is unknown. Osteoclasts and dendritic cells (DCs) are derived from common progenitors, such as bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). In this article, we show that tetracyclines convert the differentiation pathway, resulting in DC-like cells not osteoclasts. Doxycycline and minocycline inhibited the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis of BMMs, but they had no effects on cell growth and phagocytic activity. They influenced neither the proliferation nor the differentiation of bone-forming osteoblasts. Surprisingly, doxycycline and minocycline induced the expression of DC markers, CD11c and CD86, in BMMs in the presence of RANKL. STAT5 is involved in DC differentiation induced by GM-CSF. Midostaurin, a STAT5-signaling inhibitor, and an anti-GM-CSF-neutralizing Ab suppressed the differentiation induced by GM-CSF but not by tetracyclines. In vivo, the injection of tetracyclines into RANKL-injected mice and RANKL-transgenic mice suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and promoted the concomitant appearance of CD11c(+) cells. These results suggested that tetracyclines prevent bone loss induced by local inflammation, including rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, through osteoclast-DC-like cell conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Kinugawa
- Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
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Tissue Reaction to a Triantibiotic Paste Used for Endodontic Tissue Self-regeneration of Nonvital Immature Permanent Teeth. J Endod 2012; 38:91-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Galezowska J, Gumienna-Kontecka E. Phosphonates, their complexes and bio-applications: A spectrum of surprising diversity. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Huang Y, Li R, Chen X, Zhuo Y, Jin R, Qian XP, Jiang YQ, Zeng ZH, Zhang Y, Shao QX. Doxycycline up-regulates the expression of IL-6 and GM-CSF via MAPK/ERK and NF-κB pathways in mouse thymic epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1143-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Nagasawa T, Arai M, Togari A. Inhibitory effect of minocycline on osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow cells. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:924-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Botelho MA, Martins JG, Ruela RS, Queiroz DB, Ruela WS. Nanotechnology in ligature-induced periodontitis: protective effect of a doxycycline gel with nanoparticules. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 18:335-42. [PMID: 20835566 PMCID: PMC5349078 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572010000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a locally applied 8.5%
nanostructured doxycycline (DOX) gel in preventing alveolar bone loss in
experimental periodontal disease (ePD) in rats by using the tapping mode atomic
force microscopy (AFM). Material and Methods ePD was induced in 24 Wistar rats. Animals were treated with the doxycycline gel
topically, immediately after ePD induction, and 3 times a day during 11 days. Four
groups (n=6) were formed as follows: Naïve group (animals not subjected to
ePD nor treated); non-treated (NT) group (animals subjected to ePD, but not
treated); vehicle gel (VG) group (animals subjected to ePD and treated with
topical gel vehicle); and DOX group (test group): animals subjected to ePD and
treated with the 8.5% DOX gel. In order to investigate topographical changes in
histological sections, a novel simple method was used for sample preparation, by
etching sections from paraffin-embedded specimens with xylol. Results Comparing the AFM images, several grooves were observed on the surface of the
alveolar bone and other periodontal structures in the NT and VG groups, with
significantly greater depths when compared to the DOX group (p<0.05). Conclusions Periodontal structures were brought into high relief confirming to be a simple and
costeffective method for AFM imaging with ultrastructural resolution. The
doxycycline gel was able to afford periodontal surface preservation, with flatter
grooves.
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41
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Using tetracyclines to treat osteoporotic/osteopenic bone loss: from the basic science laboratory to the clinic. Pharmacol Res 2010; 63:121-9. [PMID: 20937388 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis (progressive inflammatory disease characterized by alveolar bone loss, a major cause of tooth loss worldwide) is associated with both systemic osteoporosis and its milder form, osteopenia. Tetracyclines, by virtue of their non-antimicrobial pro-anabolic and anti-catabolic properties, are excellent candidate pharmaceuticals to simultaneously treat these local and systemic disorders. This paper reviews the foundational basic science and translational research which lead to a pivotal multicenter randomized clinical trial in postmenopausal women with both periodontitis and systemic (skeletal) osteopenia. This trial was designed primarily to examine whether subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) could reduce progressive alveolar (oral) bone loss associated with periodontitis and, secondarily, whether SDD could reduce systemic bone loss in the same subjects. This paper describes the efficacy and safety findings from this clinical trial and also outlines future directions using this promising and novel approach to manage both oral and systemic bone loss.
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42
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Olmarker K. Reduction of adhesion formation and promotion of wound healing after laminectomy by pharmacological inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines: an experimental study in the rat. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2010; 19:2117-21. [PMID: 20623241 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-010-1488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In a previous experiment using TNF inhibition in the rat it was accidentally found that adhesion and scar formation was reduced compared to previous experience. Wound and bone healing also seemed enhanced. The present study was conducted to assess if this observation could be verified in a controlled setting using a standardized laminectomy in the rat. Five rats received doxycycline and five other rats received saline and served as control. Macroscopic blinded evaluation 1 week after the laminectomy revealed that adhesion and scar formation was less in doxycycline-treated animals than in control animals. Wound and bone healing was found to be better in doxycycline-treated animals. The mechanisms for the observed effects cannot be fully understood but the data indicate that further research may lead to opportunities to design pharmacological modalities to reduce adhesion and scar formation, maybe in combination with suitable barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Olmarker
- Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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43
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Schnabel LV, Papich MG, Watts AE, Fortier LA. Orally administered doxycycline accumulates in synovial fluid compared to plasma. Equine Vet J 2010; 42:208-12. [PMID: 20486976 DOI: 10.2746/042516409x478514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Tetracycline compounds have been used to slow the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis but the concentration of doxycycline attained in synovial fluid following oral, low-dose administration has yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE To determine the concentration of doxycycline in synovial fluid following oral, low-dose administration. METHODS Six mature horses received doxycycline (5 mg/kg bwt q. 12 h for 5 doses). Venous blood and synovial fluid samples were collected at t=0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Doxycycline concentrations were measured using reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. RESULTS Doxycycline concentrations at all time points after t=0 were above the lower limit of quantification for the assay. Plasma concentrations of doxycycline were above 0.21 microg/ml at t=0.5 h. The mean+/-s.d. peak concentration (Cmax) of doxycycline in plasma was 0.37+/-0.22 microg/ml and time to peak concentration was 0.54+/-0.19 h. Synovial fluid concentrations of doxycycline were above 0.12 microg/ml 1 h after drug administration. The mean Cmax of doxycycline in the synovial fluid was 0.27+/-0.10 microg/ml. The penetration factor of doxycycline from plasma into synovial fluid, as determined by a ratio of the area-under-the-curve for synovial fluid:plasma during the sampling period, was 4.6. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Orally administered doxycycline distributes easily into synovial fluid with a penetration factor of 4.6. Terminal half-life of the drug in synovial fluid was longer than in the plasma, indicating possible accumulation in this compartment. Further in vivo studies are warranted to define a medication protocol prior to routine clinical use of doxycycline for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Hwang JK. Suppressive effect of ethanolic Kaempferia pandurata Roxb. extract on matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in Porphyromonas gingivalis-treated human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. J Oral Sci 2010; 52:583-91. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.52.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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45
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Histochemical localization of neutral proteases released during development of rat periradicular lesion. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:1128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Gürkan A, Emingil G, Nizam N, Doğanavşargil B, Sezak M, Kütükçüler N, Atilla G. Therapeutic Efficacy of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide inEscherichia coliLipopolysaccharide-Induced Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1655-64. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Doxycycline is a member of the tetracycline class of antibiotics and has been used clinically for more than 40 years. It is a well-tolerated drug that is bacteriostatic and acts via the inhibition of bacterial ribosomes. It is generally given at a dose of 100-mg daily or twice daily. It is well absorbed and has generally good tissue penetration. The serum half-life is 18-22 hours and dosage does not need to be adjusted in the presence of renal or hepatic impairment. Major side effects are gastro-intestinal and dermatological and it is generally contra-indicated in pregnancy or childhood because of concerns about discolouration of developing teeth and potential effects on growing bones. Drug interactions are not common although can occur with the concomitant use of methotrexate and the oral contraceptive pill, and its absorption can be reduced by the co-administration with some antacids and iron preparations. It has activity against many organisms, including Gram-positives, Gram-negatives and atypical bacteria. In addition, it appears to have some potentially clinically useful anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E. Holmes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, PO Box 5555, Heidelberg VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Patrick G.P. Charles
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, PO Box 5555, Heidelberg VIC 3084, Australia
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Carneiro E, Menezes R, Garlet GP, Garcia RB, Bramante CM, Figueira R, Sogayar M, Granjeiro JM. Expression analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in epithelialized and nonepithelialized apical periodontitis lesions. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2009; 107:127-32. [PMID: 18926740 PMCID: PMC2742315 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in apical periodontitis lesions. STUDY DESIGN Nineteen epithelialized and 18 nonepithelialized apical periodontitis lesions were collected after periapical surgery. After histological processing, serial sectioning, H&E staining, and microscopic analysis, 10 epithelialized and 10 nonepithelialized lesions were selected for immunohistochemical analysis for MMP-9 and CD 68. At least one third of each specimen collected was frozen at -70 degrees C for further mRNA isolation and reverse transcription into cDNA for real-time-PCR procedures. Geometric averaging of multiple housekeeping genes normalized MMP-9 mRNA expression level. RESULTS Polymorphonuclear neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes presented MMP-9 positive immunostaining in both types of lesions. When present, epithelial cells were also stained. The number and the ratio of MMP-9(+)/total cells were greater in nonepithelialized than epithelialized lesions (P = .0001) presenting a positive correlation to CD68(+)/total cells (P = .045). Both types of lesions presented increased MMP-9 expression (P < .0001) when compared to healthy periapical ligaments. However, no significant differences were observed for MMP-9 mRNA expression between ephithelized and nonephithelized lesions. CONCLUSION The present data suggest the participation of several inflammatory cells, mainly CD68(+) cells, in the MMP-9 expression in apical periodontitis lesions. MMP-9 could be actively enrolled in the extracellular matrix degradation in apical periodontitis lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everdan Carneiro
- Department of Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of Sao Paulo (Brazil)
| | - Renato Menezes
- Department of Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of Sao Paulo (Brazil)
| | | | | | | | - Rita Figueira
- Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo (Brazil)
| | - Mari Sogayar
- Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo (Brazil)
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center, University of São Paulo (Brazil)
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center, University of São Paulo (Brazil)
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University (Brazil)
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Houri-Haddad Y, Halabi A, Soskolne WA. Inflammatory response to chlorhexidine, minocycline HCl and doxycycline HCl in an in vivo mouse model. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:783-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Moalli PA, Debes KM, Meyn LA, Howden NS, Abramowitch SD. Hormones restore biomechanical properties of the vagina and supportive tissues after surgical menopause in young rats. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 199:161.e1-8. [PMID: 18395691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the impact of hormones on the biomechanical properties of the vagina and its supportive tissues following surgical menopause in young vs middle-aged rats. STUDY DESIGN Long-Evans rats (4-month virgin [n = 34], 4-month parous [n = 36], and 9-month parous [n = 34]), underwent ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery. OVX animals received hormones (estrogen [E2] or estrogen plus progesterone [E2 plus P4]), placebo, or a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (chemically modified tetracycline-8 [CMT-8]). Animals were euthanized after 8 weeks and the biomechanical properties of the vagina and supportive tissues determined. Data were analyzed using a 1-way analysis of variance and posthoc tests. RESULTS OVX induced a rapid decline in the biomechanical properties of pelvic tissues in young but not middle-aged rats. Supplementation with E2, E2 plus P4, or CMT-8 restored tissues of young rats to control levels with no effect on middle-aged tissues. Parity did not have an impact on tissue behavior. CONCLUSION OVX has a differential effect on the tissues of young vs middle-aged rats.
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