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Navarrete C, Riquelme A, Baksai N, Pérez R, González C, Michea M, von Mühlenbrock H, Cafferata EA, Vernal R. Levels of Pro-Inflammatory and Bone-Resorptive Mediators in Periodontally Compromised Patients under Orthodontic Treatment Involving Intermittent Forces of Low Intensities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054807. [PMID: 36902236 PMCID: PMC10002573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic treatment, diverse cytokines, enzymes, and osteolytic mediators produced within the teeth surrounding periodontal tissues determine the rate of alveolar bone remodeling and consequent teeth movement. In patients with teeth presenting reduced periodontal support, periodontal stability should be ensured during orthodontic treatment. Thus, therapies based on the application of low-intensity intermittent orthodontic forces are recommended. To determine if this kind of treatment is periodontally well tolerated, this study aimed to analyze the production of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 in periodontal tissues of protruded anterior teeth with reduced periodontal support and undergoing orthodontic treatment. Patients with periodontitis-associated anterior teeth migration received non-surgical periodontal therapy and a specific orthodontic treatment involving controlled low-intensity intermittent orthodontic forces. Samples were collected before periodontitis treatment, after periodontitis treatment, and at 1 week to 24 months of the orthodontic treatment. During the 2 years of orthodontic treatment, no significant differences were detected in the probing depth, clinical attachment level, supragingival bacterial plaque, and bleeding on probing. In line with this, the gingival crevicular levels of RANKL, OPG, IL-6, IL-17A, and MMP-8 did not vary between the different evaluation time-points of the orthodontic treatment. When compared with the levels detected during the periodontitis, the RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly lower at all the analyzed time-points of the orthodontic treatment. In conclusion, the patient-specific orthodontic treatment based on intermittent orthodontic forces of low intensities was well tolerated by periodontally compromised teeth with pathological migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Navarrete
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Alejandro Riquelme
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Natalia Baksai
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Romina Pérez
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Claudia González
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - María Michea
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Hans von Mühlenbrock
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Emilio A. Cafferata
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Correspondence:
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2
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Ashifa N, Viswanathan K, Sundaram R, Srinivasan S. Sclerostin and its role as a bone modifying agent in periodontal disease. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:104-110. [PMID: 33878470 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease affecting the periodontium that results from an imbalance between periodontopathogens and host mechanisms. Continuous progression of the disease may lead to tissue and bone destruction, eventually resulting in tooth loss. The extent of bone loss depends on the dysregulated host immune response. Various host-elicited molecules play a major role in disease progression. The discovery of the glycoprotein sclerostin and its role as a regulator of bone mass has led to a better understanding of bone metabolism. HIGHLIGHT Sclerostin, which is primarily expressed by osteocytes, is a negative regulator of bone formation. It is a potent antagonist of the canonical Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) pathway, which is actively involved in bone homeostasis. Sclerostin is known to stimulate bone resorption by altering the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa- β ligand (RANKL) balance. Additionally, in periodontitis, activation of the inflammatory cascade also increases the synthesis of sclerostin. CONCLUSION The recently discovered sclerostin antibody has emerged as a positive therapeutic tool for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases. It has been reported to improve bone strength, bone formation, osseointegration around implants and lower the risk of bone fractures in various animal and human models. This review describes the properties and action of sclerostin, its role in periodontal diseases, and the advent and efficacy of sclerostin antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Ashifa
- Department of Periodontology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Krishnan Viswanathan
- Department of Periodontology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rajasekar Sundaram
- Department of Periodontology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sivapragasam Srinivasan
- Department of Periodontology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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López Roldán A, García Giménez JL, Alpiste Illueca F. Impact of periodontal treatment on the RANKL/OPG ratio in crevicular fluid. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227757. [PMID: 31986169 PMCID: PMC6984681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Alveolar resorption is one of the most important events in periodontitis. Osteoclast activity is regulated by the ratio between receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the RANKL/OPG ratio in crevicular fluid after periodontal treatment. Material and methods A total of 15 patients with periodontitis were included in the study group. Samples were collected from an area with active periodontitis and a healthy area. The RANKL and OPG levels were measured before and after periodontal scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment. The study group was compared to the control group, which included 10 patients without periodontitis. ID Clinicaltrial.gov: NCT03787875. Results A decrease in the RANKL level was found in areas with active periodontitis after periodontal treatment, but no change in the OPG level was observed. Therefore, the treatment induced a decrease in the RANKL/OPG ratio in sites with destructive periodontal activity. Conclusions Periodontal treatment acts on the RANKL/OPG ratio by decreasing osteoclastogenesis. These results encourage the use of these molecules for periodontal diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. ID Clinicaltrial.gov NCT03787875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés López Roldán
- Dept. of Periodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis García Giménez
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), CIBER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Epigenetics Research Platform, CIBERER-UV, Valencia, Spain
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Yakar N, Guncu GN, Akman AC, Pınar A, Karabulut E, Nohutcu RM. Evaluation of gingival crevicular fluid and peri-implant crevicular fluid levels of sclerostin, TWEAK, RANKL and OPG. Cytokine 2019; 113:433-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Borges CD, Ricoldi MS, Messora MR, Palioto DB, Souza SLSD, Novaes Júnior AB, Taba Jr M. Clinical attachment loss and molecular profile of inflamed sites before treatment. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180671. [PMID: 31508795 PMCID: PMC9648953 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To monitor early periodontal disease progression and to investigate clinical and molecular profile of inflamed sites by means of crevicular fluid and gingival biopsy analysis. Methodology: Eighty-one samples of twenty-seven periodontitis subjects and periodontally healthy individuals were collected for the study. Measurements of clinical parameters were recorded at day −15, baseline and 2 months after basic periodontal treatment aiming at monitoring early variations ofthe clinical attachment level. Saliva, crevicular fluid and gingival biopsies were harvested from clinically inflamed and non-inflamed sites from periodontal patients and from control sites of healthy patients for the assessment of IL-10, MMP-8, VEGF, RANKL, OPG and TGF-β1 protein and gene expression levels. Results: Baseline IL-10 protein levels from inflamed sites were higher in comparison to both non-inflamed and control sites (p<0.05). Higher expression of mRNA for IL-10, RANK-L, OPG, e TGF-β1 were also observed in inflamed sites at day −15 prior treatment (p<0.05). After the periodontal treatment and the resolution of inflammation, seventeen percent of evaluated sites still showed clinically detectable attachment loss without significant differences in the molecular profile. Conclusions: Clinical attachment loss is a negative event that may occur even after successful basic periodontal therapy, but it is small and limited to a small percentage of sites. Elevated inflammation markers of inflamed sites from disease patients reduced to the mean levels of those observed in healthy subjects after successful basic periodontal therapy. Significantly elevated both gene and protein levels of IL-10 in inflamed sites prior treatment confirms its modulatory role in the disease status.
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6
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Aldahlawi S, Youssef AR, Shahabuddin S. Evaluation of chemokine CXCL10 in human gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, and serum as periodontitis biomarker. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:389-396. [PMID: 30464571 PMCID: PMC6216963 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s177188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate CXCL10 as a biomarker for periodontitis by determining the CXCL10 levels in saliva, serum, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from periodontally healthy control subjects and adult subjects with chronic periodontitis. Patients and methods Adult patients seeking dental treatment at Umm Al-Qura University dental clinic underwent a complete periodontal examination, and saliva, serum, and GCF samples were collected. Subjects were classified as chronic periodontitis patients (n=31) if they have a periodontal probing depth (PD) of ≥4 mm and/or clinical attachment level (CAL) of ≥3 mm in >30% of the teeth. The control group (n=25) had PD ≤3 mm and/or CAL ≤2 mm. ELISA was performed to determine the concentration of CXCL10 in saliva, serum, and GCF samples. Student’s t-test was carried out to evaluate the significant difference between different groups. Spearman’s correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between the levels of CXCL10 and the clinical periodontal parameters. P-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results Significantly higher concentrations of CXCL10 were found in saliva and serum in chronic periodontitis patients as compared with the controls (272±60.4 pg/mL and 72±13.4 pg/mL vs 130±22.2 pg/mL and 44.08±4.5 pg/mL, P≤0.05). The CXCL10 levels in GCF were higher in the periodontitis group as compared with the control group (66.36±32.0 pg/mL and 44.56±17.5 pg/mL, respectively); the difference did not reach statistical significance (P≥0.05). Moreover, serum CXCL10 level was significantly higher in periodontitis patients with moderate to severe bone loss as compared with those with mild bone loss (71.05±4.7 pg/mL vs 54.8±7.7 pg/mL, P≤0.05). The serum CXCL10 levels were found to be related to CAL measurements (r=0.3, P=0.026), while the saliva CXCL10 levels were related to PD measurements (r=0.8, P=0.0007). Conclusion CXCL10 is significantly increased in periodontitis subjects as compared with controls and could be used as a marker for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Aldahlawi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Abdel-Rahman Youssef
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Syed Shahabuddin
- Abbvie, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Deportment of Biology, City Colleges of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Almehmadi AH, Alghamdi F. Biomarkers of alveolar bone resorption in gingival crevicular fluid: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:12-21. [PMID: 29800801 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a prevalent oral disease with bone loss being it's hallmark. Clinical parameters used to measure periodontitis are retrospective and do not indicate active inflammation nor prognosis. GCF can be easily collected chairside and bone turnover biomarkers found in GCF can be evaluated to check for active inflammation and disease progression. This systematic review aims to evaluate the literature for association and predictive value of bone turnover biomarkers in GCF during periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. The online databases Google Scholar and PubMed were used for data search. MeSH terms were used for PubMed search. All original studies from 1990 to 2017 conducted on human subjects in the English language were included in the review. Studies on non-human subjects, reviews and studies conducted in languages other than English were not considered. Reference lists of qualified articles were also searched. RESULTS The search generated 2300 results whose titles were screened and 1571 articles were retreived. 23 articles were accepted in the review and full texts were accessed. These included 1 randomized controlled trial, 12 cross-sectional studies, five pre-post interventional studies, 4 longitudinal and 1 in-vitro in-vivo experimental study. The studies were conducted on patients of both genders ranging from 10 to 81 years in age. A total of 37 biomarkers were evalueted in the studies included in this review. Majority of the studies reported interleukin-1β (IL-1β) while receptor activated nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) were the other frequently reported biomarkers. Most of the studies evaluated more than two biomarkers. ELISA was the most commonly used biochemical test used for detection. CONCLUSION A wide range of biomarkers have been established as indicators of alveolar bone resorption. Few of the biomarkers have also shown positive correlation with disease progression and outcome of periodontal therapies thus underscoring their predictive value in periodontal diagnosis and prognosis. Not one single biomarker has been reported to have a predictive advantage over another and a combination of two or more biomarkers along with clinical evaluation is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Almehmadi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faisal Alghamdi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Hernández-Ríos P, Pussinen PJ, Vernal R, Hernández M. Oxidative Stress in the Local and Systemic Events of Apical Periodontitis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:869. [PMID: 29163211 PMCID: PMC5672116 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory disorders. Apical periodontitis (AP) usually results in the formation of an osteolytic apical lesion (AL) caused by the immune response to endodontic infection. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytic cells in response to bacterial challenge represent an important host defense mechanism, but disturbed redox balance results in tissue injury. This mini review focuses on the role of oxidative stress in the local and associated systemic events in chronic apical periodontitis. During endodontic infection, ligation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on phagocytes' surface triggers activation, phagocytosis, synthesis of ROS, activation of humoral and cellular responses, and production of inflammatory mediators, such as, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The increment in ROS perturbs the normal redox balance and shifts cells into a state of oxidative stress. ROS induce molecular damage and disturbed redox signaling, that result in the loss of bone homeostasis, increased pro-inflammatory mediators, and MMP overexpression and activation, leading to apical tissue breakdown. On the other hand, oxidative stress has been strongly involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, where a chronic inflammatory process develops in the arterial wall. Chronic AP is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and especially atherogenesis. The potential mechanisms linking these diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hernández-Ríos
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Alkadasi B, Abdulrab S, Gaafer S, Kalakonda B, Hosny M, Shaker O, Hosny M. Effect of adjunctive use of systemic antioxidant therapy (N-acetylcysteine) on soluble receptor activator nuclear factor κB ligand levels in gingival crevicular fluid following surgical periodontal treatment for chronic periodontitis. J Oral Sci 2017; 59:519-526. [PMID: 29093283 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an anti-oxidant drug that has been used as a mucolytic agent and a paracetamol antidote for many years. This study was designed to determine the efficacy of the adjunctive use of NAC for periodontal treatment. Thirty subjects with moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis were randomized to surgery with NAC (600 mg; S-NAC), surgery only (S-nonNAC), and healthy control groups. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained from all patients and sRANKL levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline, and 1, 3, and 7 months post-surgery. Plaque and gingival indices, probing depths, and clinical attachment levels were recorded at the same time. There was a significant reduction in probing depth at 3 months in the S-NAC group when compared to the S-nonNAC group (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences in plaque and gingival indices, probing depths, clinical attachment levels, and sRANKL levels in GCF were noted between the surgical treatment groups at the end of 7 months. Hence, the use of adjunctive NAC resulted in a significant reduction in probing depths in the S-NAC group when compared to the S-nonNAC group at 3 months, but no statistically significant differences in GCF sRANKL levels were observed in the sites that underwent surgical treatment with or without NAC at different time intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baleegh Alkadasi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University
| | - Saleem Abdulrab
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Al Farabi Colleges
| | - Soheir Gaafer
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University
| | | | - Manal Hosny
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University
| | - Olfat Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
| | - Mohamed Hosny
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University
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10
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Sojod B, Chateau D, Mueller CG, Babajko S, Berdal A, Lézot F, Castaneda B. RANK/RANKL/OPG Signalization Implication in Periodontitis: New Evidence from a RANK Transgenic Mouse Model. Front Physiol 2017; 8:338. [PMID: 28596739 PMCID: PMC5442248 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is based on a complex inflammatory over-response combined with possible genetic predisposition factors. The RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway is implicated in bone resorption through its key function in osteoclast differentiation and activation, as well as in the inflammatory response. This central element of osteo-immunology has been suggested to be perturbed in several diseases, including periodontitis, as it is a predisposing factor for this disease. The aim of the present study was to validate this hypothesis using a transgenic mouse line, which over-expresses RANK (RTg) and develops a periodontitis-like phenotype at 5 months of age. RTg mice exhibited severe alveolar bone loss, an increased number of TRAP positive cells, and disorganization of periodontal ligaments. This phenotype was more pronounced in females. We also observed dental root resorption lacunas. Hyperplasia of the gingival epithelium, including Malassez epithelial rests, was visible as early as 25 days, preceding any other symptoms. These results demonstrate that perturbations of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system constitute a core element of periodontitis, and more globally, osteo-immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Sojod
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche des CordeliersParis, France
| | - Danielle Chateau
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Intestine: Nutrition, Barrier, and Diseases Group, Centre de Recherche des CordeliersParis, France
| | - Christopher G Mueller
- Laboratoire Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR-9021, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche des CordeliersParis, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche des CordeliersParis, France
| | - Frédéric Lézot
- INSERM, UMR-957, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Faculté de Médecine, Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Beatriz Castaneda
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche des CordeliersParis, France.,Department of Basic Studies, Faculty of Odontology, University of AntioquiaMedellin, Colombia
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11
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Behfarnia P, Saied-Moallemi Z, Javanmard SH, Naseri R. Serum, saliva, and GCF concentration of RANKL and osteoprotegerin in smokers versus nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:80. [PMID: 27195253 PMCID: PMC4863406 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.180992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of host response in periodontitis pathogenesis is confirmed, and it is well established that immune response plays a major role in the alveolar bone destruction. In the investigation of these responses, the role of receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin (OPG) system is the most promising. Smoking can affect the RANKL-OPG system in a manner that will further enhance bone loss in periodontitis. The aim of this study is to assess the serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) concentration of RANKL and OPG in smoker versus nonsmoker untreated chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine subjects were included in the present cross-sectional study: 29 systemically healthy CP male patients (15 smokers, 14 nonsmokers) and 10 systemically and periodontally healthy nonsmoker male subjects. Serum, GCF, and whole saliva samples were obtained from the subjects. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used for assaying the concentrations of RANKL and OPG in the samples. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test were utilized to compare differences between the groups. Results: RANKL and OPG concentrations in saliva, serum, and GCF did not show any significant difference among all groups (P > 0.05). Salivary RANKL/OPG ratios were significantly higher in the nonsmoker CP group than in the healthy control group (P > 0.05) but they were not statistically significant among smoker periodontitis patients. Conclusions: The salivary RANKL/OPG ratio was higher in nonsmokers with periodontitis in comparison with smoker periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichehr Behfarnia
- Department of Periodontics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Saied-Moallemi
- Department of Oral Public Health, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Roohollah Naseri
- Department of Periodontics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Silva N, Abusleme L, Bravo D, Dutzan N, Garcia-Sesnich J, Vernal R, Hernández M, Gamonal J. Host response mechanisms in periodontal diseases. J Appl Oral Sci 2015. [PMID: 26221929 PMCID: PMC4510669 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases usually refer to common inflammatory disorders known as gingivitis and periodontitis, which are caused by a pathogenic microbiota in the subgingival biofilm, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola that trigger innate, inflammatory, and adaptive immune responses. These processes result in the destruction of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, and eventually in tissue, bone and finally, tooth loss. The innate immune response constitutes a homeostatic system, which is the first line of defense, and is able to recognize invading microorganisms as non-self, triggering immune responses to eliminate them. In addition to the innate immunity, adaptive immunity cells and characteristic cytokines have been described as important players in the periodontal disease pathogenesis scenario, with a special attention to CD4+ T-cells (T-helper cells). Interestingly, the T cell-mediated adaptive immunity development is highly dependent on innate immunity-associated antigen presenting cells, which after antigen capture undergo into a maturation process and migrate towards the lymph nodes, where they produce distinct patterns of cytokines that will contribute to the subsequent polarization and activation of specific T CD4+ lymphocytes. Skeletal homeostasis depends on a dynamic balance between the activities of the bone-forming osteoblasts (OBLs) and bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs). This balance is tightly controlled by various regulatory systems, such as the endocrine system, and is influenced by the immune system, an osteoimmunological regulation depending on lymphocyte- and macrophage-derived cytokines. All these cytokines and inflammatory mediators are capable of acting alone or in concert, to stimulate periodontal breakdown and collagen destruction via tissue-derived matrix metalloproteinases, a characterization of the progression of periodontitis as a stage that presents a significantly host immune and inflammatory response to the microbial challenge that determine of susceptibility to develop the destructive/progressive periodontitis under the influence of multiple behavioral, environmental and genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Silva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Denisse Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Dutzan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jocelyn Garcia-Sesnich
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Gamonal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Arabacı T, Kermen E, Özkanlar S, Köse O, Kara A, Kızıldağ A, Duman ŞB, Ibişoğlu E. Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin on Alveolar Bone Resorption After Experimental Periodontitis in Rats: A Biochemical and Immunohistochemical Study. J Periodontol 2015; 86:874-81. [PMID: 25812911 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aims to investigate the effects of systemic melatonin administration on alveolar bone resorption in experimental periodontitis in rats. METHODS Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (control, experimental periodontitis [Ped], and experimental periodontitis treated with melatonin [Mel-Ped]). For periodontitis induction, first molars were ligatured submarginally for 4 weeks. After ligature removal, rats in the Mel-Ped group were treated with a daily single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight melatonin for 15 consecutive days. At the end of the study, intracardiac blood samples and mandible tissues were obtained for histologic, biochemical, and radiographic analysis. Serum markers related to bone turnover, calcium, phosphorus, bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), and terminal C telopeptide of collagen Type I (CTX) were analyzed. Myeloperoxidase levels were determined in gingival tissue homogenates, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) activation was analyzed in the mandible samples stereologically. Alveolar bone loss was also evaluated radiographically in the mandible samples of each group. RESULTS Melatonin treatment decreased serum CTX levels and increased b-ALP levels. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were not statistically different among groups (P >0.05). Alveolar bone resorption and myeloperoxidase activity were statistically higher in the Ped group compared to the Mel-Ped group (P <0.05). Immunohistochemical staining of RANKL and osteoclast activity were significantly lower in the Mel-Ped group compared to the Ped group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION This study reveals that melatonin treatment significantly inhibits regional alveolar bone resorption and contributes to periodontal healing in an experimental periodontitis rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Arabacı
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Eda Kermen
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Seçkin Özkanlar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University
| | - Oğuz Köse
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adem Kara
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University
| | - Alper Kızıldağ
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şuayip Burak Duman
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University
| | - Ebru Ibişoğlu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University
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Bhuvaneswarri J, Gita B, Chandrasekaran SC. Detection of rankl positive cells in gingival tissue in healthy & chronic periodontal disease patients-a comparative study. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC31-4. [PMID: 25584312 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/9876.5125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aim & Objective: The receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG), are the important proteins implicated in osteoclastogenesis. This study aimed to identify & quantify RANKL positive cells in gingival tissues in healthy & diseased patients & the study looks for immunohistochemical evidence of the expression of the protein in gingival tissue samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were randomly selected. Thirty subject each for (test & control). Age range of 25-55y, either sex was selected. Tissue samples were collected from Control - Healthy Gingiva & Test-Chronic Periodontitis Patients. Tissue sections were prepared. An Immunohistochemical analysis was done & cell counting was done for RANKL positive cells. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining showed that RANKL-positive cells were significantly distributed in the inflammatory epithelium & connective tissue zone of diseased & non-diseased gingiva. RANKL, positive cells was increased significantly in patients with chronic periodontitis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings imply that in this comparative study of gingival tissue for, RANKL positive cells, these cells were present in both healthy & chronic periodontitis samples, but number of positive cells present is significantly increased in chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bhuvaneswarri
- Reader, Department of Periodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital , Chennai, India
| | - Bagavad Gita
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital , Chennai, India
| | - S C Chandrasekaran
- Professor & HOD, Department of Periodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital , Chennai, India
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Baltacıoğlu E, Kehribar MA, Yuva P, Alver A, Atagün ÖS, Karabulut E, Akalın FA. Total Oxidant Status and Bone Resorption Biomarkers in Serum and Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients With Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2014; 85:317-26. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Tabari ZA, Azadmehr A, Tabrizi MAA, Hamissi J, Ghaedi FB. Salivary soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio in periodontal disease and health. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2013; 43:227-32. [PMID: 24236245 PMCID: PMC3825990 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2013.43.5.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system plays a significant role in osteoclastogenesis, activation of osteoclasts, and regulation of bone resorption. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the salivary soluble RANKL (sRANKL)/OPG ratio as a diagnostic marker for periodontitis in nonsmokers. Methods Twenty-five patients with chronic periodontitis and 25 individuals with a healthy periodontium were enrolled in this study. Samples containing 5 mL of unstimulated saliva were obtained from each subject. Salivary sRANKL and OPG concentrations were determined using a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 18.0. Results The levels of sRANKL and OPG were detectable in all of the samples. Positive relationships were found between the plaque index and clinical attachment level and both the salivary concentration of sRANKL and the salivary sRANKL/OPG ratio (P<0.05). The salivary concentration of sRANKL and the sRANKL/OPG ratio were significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the healthy group (P=0.004 and P=0.001, respectively). In contrast, the OPG concentration showed no significant differences between the groups (P=0.455). Conclusions These findings suggest that the salivary sRANKL/OPG ratio may be helpful in the screening and diagnosis of periodontitis. However, longitudinal studies with larger populations are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alizadeh Tabari
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Cutando A, López-Valverde A, de Diego RG, de Vicente J, Reiter R, Herrero Fernández M, Ferrera MJ. Effect of topical application of melatonin to the gingiva on salivary osteoprotegerin, RANKL and melatonin levels in patients with diabetes and periodontal disease. Odontology 2013; 102:290-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-013-0122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Antonoglou G, Knuuttila M, Nieminen P, Vainio O, Hiltunen L, Raunio T, Niemelä O, Hedberg P, Karttunen R, Tervonen T. Serum osteoprotegerin and periodontal destruction in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:765-70. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Antonoglou
- Department of Periodontology and Geriatric Dentistry; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - Matti Knuuttila
- Department of Periodontology and Geriatric Dentistry; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - Pentti Nieminen
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Research Group; Oulu University; Oulu Finland
| | - Olli Vainio
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory; Oulu University Hospital; Oulu Finland
| | - Liisa Hiltunen
- Health Centre of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Department of Primary Health Care; Vaasa Central Hospital; Vaasa Finland
| | - Taina Raunio
- Specialist Dental Health Care Unit; Oulu Finland
| | - Onni Niemelä
- Medical Research Unit; Seinäjoki Central Hospital and University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Pirjo Hedberg
- Laboratory; Oulu University Hospital; Oulu Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Diagnostics; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - Riitta Karttunen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Laboratory Division (HUSLAB), Haartman Institute; Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Tellervo Tervonen
- Department of Periodontology and Geriatric Dentistry; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department; Oulu University Hospital; Oulu Finland
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Gümüş P, Buduneli E, Bıyıkoğlu B, Aksu K, Saraç F, Nile C, Lappin D, Buduneli N. Gingival crevicular fluid, serum levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, osteoprotegerin, and interleukin-17 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis and with periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2013; 84:1627-37. [PMID: 23327689 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.120595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is performed to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum levels of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL), interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17E, IL-17F, IL-17A/F, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoporosis (OPR), and those who are systemically healthy (SH), all with periodontal disease. METHODS GCF and serum samples were obtained before any periodontal intervention from 17 women with RA, 19 with OPR, and 13 who were SH with periodontitis. Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. sRANKL, OPG, and IL-17 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Clinical periodontal measurements were similar in the three study groups. Although the total amounts of GCF albumin, OPG, IL-17A, and IL-17A/F were similar in the study groups, there were statistically significant differences in GCF concentrations of sRANKL, OPG, IL-17A, IL-17E, IL-17F, and IL-17A/F. The sRANKL/OPG ratios were significantly higher in the RA group than in the OPR and SH groups (P <0.05). Serum sRANKL, sRANKL/OPG, and IL-17A/IL-17E ratios were significantly higher, whereas OPG concentrations were significantly lower in the RA group compared to other groups (P <0.05). Serum IL-17A concentrations were significantly higher in the RA and OPR groups than in the SH group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION Increased inflammatory mediator levels in patients with RA, despite the long-term use of various anti-inflammatory drugs, suggest that these patients may have a propensity to overproduce these inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Gümüş
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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20
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Giannopoulou C, Martinelli-Klay CP, Lombardi T. Immunohistochemical expression of RANKL, RANK and OPG in gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis. Acta Odontol Scand 2012; 70:629-34. [PMID: 22214279 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.645064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the expression of the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), in the gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival tissue was obtained from 14 systemically healthy subjects with chronic periodontitis during conventional periodontal surgery. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of RANK, RANKL and OPG in the oral and periodontal pocket epithelium as well as in the connective tissue cells. RESULTS RANKL was negatively expressed in both oral and periodontal pocket epithelium. OPG was also negative or weakly positive in the whole epithelium. RANK showed moderate/strong positive staining mainly in the basal and suprabasal layer of oral and periodontal pocket epithelium. In most of the cases, more than 60% of the inflammatory cell infiltrate stained for RANK and RANKL. In these cases the intensity of the stained cells ranged from moderate-to-strong. In less than half of the cases, OPG was positive in more than 60% of the stained cells of the inflammatory cell infiltrate. CONCLUSION The RANK, RANKL and OPG proteins are differentially expressed in periodontal tissues and may play a major role in the bone loss occurring in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Giannopoulou
- Division of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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21
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Tobón-Arroyave SI, Isaza-Guzmán DM, Restrepo-Cadavid EM, Zapata-Molina SM, Martínez-Pabón MC. Association of salivary levels of the bone remodelling regulators sRANKL and OPG with periodontal clinical status. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:1132-40. [PMID: 23039038 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the variations in salivary concentrations of sRANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ratio, regarding the periodontal status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-seven chronic periodontitis (CP) subjects and 43 healthy controls were selected. Periodontal status was assessed based on full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements. sRANKL and OPG salivary levels were analysed by ELISA. The association between these analytes and its ratio with CP was analysed individually and adjusted for confounding using a binary logistic regression model. RESULTS sRANKL and sRANKL/OPG ratio were increased, whereas OPG was decreased in CP compared with healthy controls subjects. Although univariate analysis revealed a positive association of sRANKL salivary levels ≥6 pg/ml, OPG salivary levels ≤131 pg/ml and sRANKL/OPG ratio ≥0.062 with CP, after logistic regression analysis only the latter parameter was strongly and independently associated with disease status. Confounding and interaction effects of ageing and smoking habit on sRANKL and OPG levels could be noted. CONCLUSION Although salivary concentrations of sRANKL, OPG and its ratio may act as indicators of the amount/extent of periodontal breakdown, the mutual confounding and synergistic biological interactive effects related to ageing and smoking habit of the susceptible host may also promote the tissue destruction in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio I Tobón-Arroyave
- POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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22
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Ko SY. Myricetin suppresses LPS-induced MMP expression in human gingival fibroblasts and inhibits osteoclastogenesis by downregulating NFATc1 in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1623-32. [PMID: 22795564 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects connective tissue attachments and the supporting bone that surrounds the teeth. Gingival fibroblasts induce the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), which is involved in inflammatory progression in periodontitis. Osteoclasts are responsible for skeletal modeling and remodeling but may also destroy bone in several bone diseases, including osteoporosis and periodontitis. This study examined the anti-destructive effects of myricetin on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) under lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced inflammatory conditions, and the anti-osteoclastogenetic effect of myricetin on the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) induced RAW264.7 cells was also investigated. DESIGN The effects of myricetin on HGF were determined by measuring the cell viability and mRNA expression and enzyme activity of tissue-destructive proteins, including MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-8. The effects of myricetin on osteoclasts were examined by measuring the following: (1) the cell viability, (2) the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)(+) multinucleated cells, (3) MAPK signalling pathways (4) mRNA expression of osteoclast-associated genes and (5) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion. RESULTS The myricetin had no effects on the cell viability of the HGF and decreased the mRNA expression and enzyme activity of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-8 in the HGF. Myricetin inhibited the formation of RANKL-stimulated TRAP(+) multinucleated cells. Myricetin also inhibited the RANKL-stimulated activation of p-38, ERK and cSrc signaling, and inhibited the RANKL-stimulated degradation of I(k)B in the RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the RANKL-stimulated induction of NFATc1 transcription factors was abrogated by myricetin. Myricetin decreased the mRNA expression of osteoclast-associated genes, including cFOS, TRAP and cathepsin K in the RAW264.7 cells. Myricetin inhibited the secretion of LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β in the RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that myricetin has therapeutic effects on bone-destructive processes, such as those that occur in periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yle Ko
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Anseo-dong, Cheonan, Choongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Duarte PM, Szeremeske Miranda T, Lima JA, Dias Gonçalves TE, Santos VR, Bastos MF, Ribeiro FV. Expression of Immune-Inflammatory Markers in Sites of Chronic Periodontitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. J Periodontol 2012; 83:426-34. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Belibasakis GN, Bostanci N. The RANKL-OPG system in clinical periodontology. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 39:239-48. [PMID: 22092994 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-osteoprotegerin (RANKL-OPG) bi-molecular system is the "bottle-neck" regulator of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, both in physiological and pathological conditions. This review aims to elaborate the current knowledge on RANKL and OPG in periodontal disease, and to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic potential as biomarkers of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS To pursue this aim, electronic and manual searches were performed for identifying clinical and in vivo studies on RANKL and OPG in gingival tissue, gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and blood. Smoking and diabetes mellitus were also considered for their potential effects. RESULTS Papers fulfilling the inclusion criteria demonstrate that RANKL is up-regulated, whereas OPG is down-regulated in periodontitis, compared to periodontal health, resulting in an increased RANKL/OPG ratio. This ratio is further up-regulated in smokers and diabetics, and is not affected by conventional periodontal treatment. CONCLUSIONS The increased RANKL/OPG ratio may serve as a biomarker that denotes the occurrence of periodontitis, but may not necessarily predict on-going disease activity. Its steadily elevated levels post treatment may indicate that the molecular mechanisms of bone resorption are still active, holding an imminent risk for relapse of the disease. Additional adjunct treatment modalities that would "switch-off" the RANKL/OPG ratio may therefore be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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25
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Santos VR, Ribeiro FV, Lima JA, Miranda TS, Feres M, Bastos MF, Duarte PM. Partial- and full-mouth scaling and root planing in type 2 diabetic subjects: a 12-mo follow-up of clinical parameters and levels of cytokines and osteoclastogenesis-related factors. J Periodontal Res 2011; 47:45-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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La Fontaine J, Shibuya N, Sampson HW, Valderrama P. Trabecular quality and cellular characteristics of normal, diabetic, and charcot bone. J Foot Ankle Surg 2011; 50:648-53. [PMID: 21705241 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a disabling and devastating condition that affects many neuropathic diabetic patients. It can lead to foot deformity, ulceration, and lower extremity amputation. The pathogenesis of CN is not clear, but 1 possible predisposing factor is increased bone turnover and increased osteoclastic activity. Although the affect of diabetes on bone is not entirely clear, studies have shown increased bone fragility in diabetics with neuropathy. The purpose of the present study was to compare the bone quality histologic findings and trabecular histomorphometry, including the cellular characteristics, between normal subjects (N = 7), diabetics without CN (N = 8), and diabetics with CN (N = 8). Histologically, the bone in diabetics with CN displayed an inflammatory, myxoid infiltrate. We also observed a statistically significant decrease in the number of trabeculae in bone in diabetics with CN compared with normal controls (p < .02). However, the difference between the trabeculae in diabetics with CN and diabetics without CN was not statistically significant (p > .05). Histologically, the CN bone appeared to be infiltrated with inflammatory myxoid tissue and had a disorganized trabecular pattern compared with diabetic bone without CN and normal bone. The trabeculae in patients with CN appeared to have poor quality characteristics compared with that of the other groups. The findings from the present study might indicate that diabetes mellitus bone is fragile, and the decrease in the cellular component might impair the reparative process in those with CN foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier La Fontaine
- Department of Surgery, Podiatry Division, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, and Chief, Podiatry Section, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Surgical Service, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
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Hernández M, Dutzan N, García-Sesnich J, Abusleme L, Dezerega A, Silva N, González F, Vernal R, Sorsa T, Gamonal J. Host-Pathogen Interactions in Progressive Chronic Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2011; 90:1164-70. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034511401405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infection characterized by the occurrence of supporting tissue destruction with an episodic nature. Disease progression is often determined by the loss of attachment level or alveolar bone, and sequential probing of periodontal attachment remains the most commonly utilized method to diagnose progressive destruction of the periodontium. The tolerance method has been the most extensive clinical method used in recent years to determine site-specific attachment level changes. There is abundant evidence that major tissue destruction in periodontal lesions results from the recruitment of immune cells. Considerable effort has been made to study the host cell and mediator profiles involved in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis, but the definition of active sites, where current periodontal breakdown occurs, and consecutive characterization of the mediators involved are still among the main concerns. In the present review, we summarize periodontopathic bacteria and host factors, including infiltrating cell populations, cytokines, and host matrix metalloproteinases, associated with under-going episodic attachment loss that could partly explain the mechanisms involved in destruction of the supporting tissues of the tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone (Ex-Olivos) 943 - Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - N. Dutzan
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone (Ex-Olivos) 943 - Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - J. García-Sesnich
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone (Ex-Olivos) 943 - Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - L. Abusleme
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A. Dezerega
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone (Ex-Olivos) 943 - Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - N. Silva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F.E. González
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone (Ex-Olivos) 943 - Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R. Vernal
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone (Ex-Olivos) 943 - Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - T. Sorsa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Gamonal
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone (Ex-Olivos) 943 - Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile
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Kim M, Jun HK, Choi BK, Cha JH, Yoo YJ. Td92, an outer membrane protein of Treponema denticola, induces osteoclastogenesis via prostaglandin E(2)-mediated RANKL/osteoprotegerin regulation. J Periodontal Res 2011; 45:772-9. [PMID: 20682013 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium that causes significant alveolar bone loss. Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing multinucleated cells. Osteoblasts regulate osteoclast differentiation by expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Td92 is a surface-exposed outer membrane protein of Treponema denticola, a periodontopathogen. Although it has been demonstrated that Td92 acts as a stimulator of various proinflammatory mediators, the role of Td92 in alveolar bone resorption remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of Td92 in bone resorption. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mouse bone marrow cells were co-cultured with calvariae-derived osteoblasts in the presence or absence of Td92. Osteoclast formation was assessed by TRAP staining. Expressions of RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ) in osteoblasts were estimated by ELISA. RESULTS Td92 induced osteoclast formation in the co-cultures. In the osteoblasts, RANKL and PGE(2) expressions were up-regulated, whereas OPG expression was down-regulated by Td92. The addition of OPG inhibited Td92-induced osteoclast formation. The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors NS398 and indomethacin were also shown to inhibit Td92-induced osteoclast formation. The effects of Td92 on the expressions of RANKL, OPG and PGE(2) in osteoblasts were blocked by NS398 or indomethacin. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Td92 promotes osteoclast formation through the regulation of RANKL and OPG production via a PGE(2) -dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 Project, Oral Science Research Center, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Ribeiro FV, de Mendonça AC, Santos VR, Bastos MF, Figueiredo LC, Duarte PM. Cytokines and bone-related factors in systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis and patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2011; 82:1187-96. [PMID: 21284550 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compares the levels of cytokines and bone-related factors in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis (CP); and better-controlled, and poorly controlled patients with type 2 diabetes and CP. METHODS Thirty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes and CP and 20 systemically healthy patients with CP were enrolled in this study. The patients with diabetes mellitus were categorized as better-controlled (n = 17; HbA(1c) levels ≤8%) or poorly controlled (n = 20; glycated hemoglobin values >8%). Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-4, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-23, IL-17, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in GCF of diseased sites were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Type 2 diabetes mellitus, as a whole, upregulates the levels of OPG, sRANKL, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-23 and downregulates the production of IL-4 in sites with CP (P <0.05). Better-controlled individuals exhibited the highest levels of IFN-γ, whereas poorly controlled patients presented the highest levels of IL-17 (P <0.05). There were no differences in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, OPG, and IL-23 among systemically healthy, better-controlled, and poorly controlled patients with diabetes (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and RANKL were observed in the GCF of patients with type 2 diabetes with CP, compared to patients without diabetes. In addition, poor or good glycemic status seems to modulate osteo-immunoinflammatory mediators in a different manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Vieira Ribeiro
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hernández M, Gamonal J, Salo T, Tervahartiala T, Hukkanen M, Tjäderhane L, Sorsa T. Reduced expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced experimental periodontitis in matrix metalloproteinase-8 null mice. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:58-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Bostanci N, Saygan B, Emingil G, Atilla G, Belibasakis GN. Effect of periodontal treatment on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin levels and relative ratio in gingival crevicular fluid. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38:428-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Özçaka Ö, Nalbantsoy A, Köse T, Buduneli N. Plasma osteoprotegerin levels are decreased in smoker chronic periodontitis patients. Aust Dent J 2010; 55:405-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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33
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Santos VR, Lima JA, Gonçalves TED, Bastos MF, Figueiredo LC, Shibli JA, Duarte PM. Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Ligand/Osteoprotegerin Ratio in Sites of Chronic Periodontitis of Subjects With Poorly and Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1455-65. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liu YCG, Lerner UH, Teng YTA. Cytokine responses against periodontal infection: protective and destructive roles. Periodontol 2000 2010; 52:163-206. [PMID: 20017801 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Buduneli N, Buduneli E, Kütükçüler N. Interleukin-17, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin levels in gingival crevicular fluid from smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis during initial periodontal treatment. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1274-80. [PMID: 19656027 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to evaluate the effects of initial periodontal treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-17, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS At baseline, GCF samples were obtained from 10 smoking and 10 non-smoking systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis. Initial periodontal treatment, consisting of motivation and instruction for daily plaque control and scaling and root planing (SRP), was performed. GCF sampling and clinical periodontal measurements were repeated 4 weeks after completion of SRP. The data were tested statistically by the Student t and Wilcoxon matched-pairs test and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS All clinical periodontal measurements had decreased significantly 4 weeks after SRP (P <0.001). GCF volume and the total amount and concentration of OPG decreased in smokers and non-smokers after SRP, whereas the IL-17 concentration increased (P <0.05). sRANKL levels did not differ between groups or with SRP (P >0.05). Significant correlations were found between baseline IL-17 and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) levels and between baseline papilla bleeding index and OPG levels (P <0.001 and P <0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Neither smoking nor periodontal inflammation seemed to influence GCF RANKL levels in systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis. Smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis were not affected differently by the initial periodontal treatment with regard to GCF IL-17 and OPG concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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36
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Tang TH, Fitzsimmons TR, Bartold PM. Effect of smoking on concentrations of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B ligand and osteoprotegerin in human gingival crevicular fluid. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36:713-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xu J, Wu HF, Ang ES, Yip K, Woloszyn M, Zheng MH, Tan RX. NF-κB modulators in osteolytic bone diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2009; 20:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Fukada SY, Silva TA, Garlet GP, Rosa AL, da Silva JS, Cunha FQ. Factors involved in the T helper type 1 and type 2 cell commitment and osteoclast regulation in inflammatory apical diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 24:25-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2008.00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Frodge BD, Ebersole JL, Kryscio RJ, Thomas MV, Miller CS. Bone remodeling biomarkers of periodontal disease in saliva. J Periodontol 2009; 79:1913-9. [PMID: 18834246 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.080070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links of type I collagen (ICTP), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) have been associated with bone remodeling and periodontal tissue destruction. This study evaluated the level of these biomarkers in saliva with respect to periodontal disease status. METHODS Levels of TNF-alpha in unstimulated whole saliva of 74 adults (35 subjects with moderate to severe periodontal disease and 39 healthy controls) and salivary levels of RANKL and ICTP of a subset of 21 subjects and 21 matched controls were examined using enzyme immunosorbent assays in a case-control clinical study. RESULTS Salivary levels of TNF-alpha were detected in all subjects, whereas levels of ICTP and RANKL were detected in only a minority of subjects. Mean salivary levels of TNF-alpha were significantly higher in individuals with periodontal disease (mean: 4.33 pg/ml) than in controls (mean: 2.03 pg/ml; P = 0.02), with a maximum level (27.96 pg/ml) observed in periodontitis. Subjects with salivary TNF-alpha levels above a threshold of 5.75 pg/ml (i.e., two standard deviations above the mean of the controls) had significantly more sites with bleeding on probing, probing depths >/=4 mm, and attachment loss > or =2 mm (P < or =0.01). CONCLUSION Salivary levels of TNF-alpha were elevated in patients who had clinical indicators of periodontitis, suggesting that this biomarker may serve in a panel of salivary biomarkers that could facilitate the screening, diagnosis, and management of periodontal disease.
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Sakellari D, Menti S, Konstantinidis A. Free soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand in gingival crevicular fluid correlates with distinct pathogens in periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:938-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Buduneli N, Bıyıkoğlu B, Sherrabeh S, Lappin DF. Saliva concentrations of RANKL and osteoprotegerin in smokerversusnon-smoker chronic periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:846-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Arıkan F, Buduneli N, Kütükçüler N. Osteoprotegerin levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid. Clin Oral Implants Res 2008; 19:283-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2007.01463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Bostanci N, Emingil G, Afacan B, Han B, Ilgenli T, Atilla G, Hughes F, Belibasakis G. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-converting Enzyme (TACE) Levels in Periodontal Diseases. J Dent Res 2008; 87:273-7. [DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (TACE) is a metalloprotease which can shed several cytokines from the cell membrane, including receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that TACE would be elevated in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of persons with periodontitis. Total TACE amounts in GCF were higher in persons with chronic and aggressive periodontitis than in those with gingivitis or in healthy persons. TACE concentrations in GCF were higher in persons with chronic and aggressive periodontitis than in those with gingivitis, although not significantly higher than in healthy persons. Persons with chronic periodontitis receiving immunosuppressive treatment exhibited over 10-fold lower TACE levels than the other periodontitis groups. TACE was positively correlated with probing pocket depth, clinical attachment levels, and RANKL concentrations in GCF. In conclusion, the increased GCF TACE levels in persons with periodontitis and their positive correlation with RANKL may indicate an association of this enzyme with alveolar bone loss, and may warrant special attention in future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Bostanci
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - G. Emingil
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - B. Afacan
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - B. Han
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - T. Ilgenli
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - G. Atilla
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - F.J. Hughes
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - G.N. Belibasakis
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Bertoldo F, Santini D, Lo Cascio V. Bisphosphonates and osteomyelitis of the jaw: a pathogenic puzzle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 4:711-21. [PMID: 18037875 DOI: 10.1038/ncponc1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The maxillary and mandibular bones undergo high-turnover remodeling to maintain mechanical competence. Common dental or periodontal diseases can increase local bone turnover. Bisphosphonates (BPs) accumulate almost exclusively in skeletal sites that have active bone remodeling. The maxillary and mandibular bones are preferential sites for accumulation of BPs, which become buried under new layers of bone and remain biologically inactive for a long time. Surgical odontostomatological procedures create open bony wounds that heal quickly and without infection, as a result of activation of osteoclasts and subsequently osteoblasts. Once BPs are removed from the bone via activation of osteoclasts after a tooth extraction or a periodontal procedure, they induce osteoclast apoptosis. This inhibition of osteoclast bone resorption impairs bone wound healing because of decreased production of cytokines derived from the bone matrix, and the bone is exposed to the risk of osteomyelitis and necrosis. The pathogenic relationship between BPs and osteonecrosis of the jaw is unclear, but there is evidence to indicate an association between high-dose BP treatment and exposure to dental infections or oral surgical procedures. A better knowledge of the interactions between BPs and jaw and maxillary bone biology will improve clinical and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bertoldo
- Internal Medicine, Bone Mineral Metabolism Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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45
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Hernández M, Martínez B, Tejerina JM, Valenzuela MA, Gamonal J. MMP-13 and TIMP-1 determinations in progressive chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:729-35. [PMID: 17716308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 is a collagenase involved in extracellular matrix degradation either by its direct degradative effects or by processing bioactive substrates. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of MMP-13 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingival biopsies obtained from active and inactive sites during chronic periodontitis progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a longitudinal study in which chronic periodontitis patients with moderate to severe disease were included and followed until they developed progression determined by the tolerance method. GCF samples were obtained from periodontitis, active, inactive and healthy sites and additional gingival biopsies were taken from active and inactive sites. MMP-13 and TIMP-1 determinations were carried out by immunodot blots and immunowestern blots. RESULTS In progressive periodontitis, MMP-13 and TIMP-1 remained unchanged between active and inactive sites, but as the TIMP-1 relative levels increased together with MMP-13 elevation in inactive samples, an inverse correlation was observed in active sites. Besides, MMP-13 was undetectable in healthy controls. CONCLUSION Chronic periodontitis is characterized by increased MMP-13 expression. During disease progression, active sites tended to decrease TIMP-1 levels in association with MMP-13 elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Hernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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46
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Abstract
Multiple dental diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation, due to the production of cytokines, chemokines, and prostanoids by immune and non-immune cells. Membrane-bound receptors provide a link between the extracellular environment and the initiation of intracellular signaling events that activate common signaling components, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. Although ERK pathways regulate cell survival and are responsive to extracellular mitogens, p38 MAPK, JNK, and NF-kappaB are involved in environmental stress responses, including inflammatory stimuli. Over the past decade, significant advances have been made relative to our understanding of the fundamental intracellular signaling mechanisms that govern inflammatory cytokine expression. The p38 MAPK pathway has been shown to play a pivotal role in inflammatory cytokine and chemokine gene regulation at both the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional levels. In this review, we present evidence for the significance of p38 MAPK signaling in diverse dental diseases, including chronic pain, desquamative disorders, and periodontal diseases. Additional information is presented on the molecular mechanisms whereby p38 signaling controls post-transcriptional gene expression in inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Patil
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214-3008, USA
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47
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Taubman MA, Kawai T, Han X. The new concept of periodontal disease pathogenesis requires new and novel therapeutic strategies. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:367-9. [PMID: 17448041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this issue Bostanci et al. (2007) demonstrate that receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were oppositely regulated in gingival crevice fluid (GCF) from periodontitis patients. RANKL, RANK and OPG are key molecules that regulate osteoclast recruitment, differentiation and activation. New concepts of the pathogenesis of periodontitis have implicated inflammation triggered by host immune response to periodontal biofilm microorganisms(s) in disease. Host response to bacteria involves activation of T and B cells in the inflammatory infiltrate which bear abundant RANKL that promotes osteoclastic bone resorption. Periodontal tissue destruction can be ameliorated by immunobiological interference with immune cell RANKL expression or function. The new disease concepts provide a foundation to build biological approaches to target RANKL production in periodontal lesions.
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48
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Bostanci N, Ilgenli T, Emingil G, Afacan B, Han B, Töz H, Atilla G, Hughes FJ, Belibasakis GN. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of RANKL and OPG in periodontal diseases: implications of their relative ratio. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:370-6. [PMID: 17355365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are a system of molecules that regulate bone resorption. This study aims to compare the levels of RANKL, OPG and their relative ratio in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of healthy and periodontal disease subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS GCF was obtained from healthy (n=21), gingivitis (n=22), chronic periodontitis (n=28), generalized aggressive periodontitis (n=25) and chronic periodontitis subjects under immunosuppressant therapy (n=11). RANKL and OPG concentrations in GCF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS RANKL levels were low in health and gingivitis groups, but increased in all three forms of periodontitis. OPG levels were higher in health than all three periodontitis, or gingivitis groups. There were no differences in RANKL and OPG levels between chronic and generalized aggressive periodontitis groups, whereas these were lower in the immunosuppressed chronic periodontitis group. The RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly elevated in all three periodontitis forms, compared with health or gingivitis, and positively correlated to probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. CONCLUSION GCF RANKL and OPG levels were oppositely regulated in periodontitis, but not gingivitis, resulting in an enhanced RANKL/OPG ratio. This ratio was similar in all three periodontitis groups and may therefore predict disease occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Adult Oral Health, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Gemmell E, Yamazaki K, Seymour GJ. The role of T cells in periodontal disease: homeostasis and autoimmunity. Periodontol 2000 2007; 43:14-40. [PMID: 17214833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gemmell
- Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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50
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Kawasaki K, Takahashi T, Yamaguchi M, Kasai K. Effects of aging on RANKL and OPG levels in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement. Orthod Craniofac Res 2006; 9:137-42. [PMID: 16918678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2006.00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the levels of the receptor activator of NFkB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement in juvenile and adult patients. DESIGN Fifteen juveniles and 15 adults served as subjects. GCF was collected from the distal cervical margins of the experimental and control teeth at 0, 1, 24, and 168 h after application of a retracting force. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine RANKL and OPG levels in the GCF samples. RESULTS The amount of tooth movement for juveniles was larger than for adults after 168 h. Further, after 24 h RANKL levels were increased and those of OPG decreased in GCF samples from the compression side during orthodontic tooth movement in both juveniles and adults. The RANKL/OPG ratio in GCF from adult patients was lower than that in the juvenile patient samples. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the age-related decrease in amount of tooth movement may be related to a decrease in RANKL/OPG ratio in GCF during the early stages of orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kawasaki
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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