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Kzar WA, Abbas RF. Association of Polymorphism with Periodontitis and Salivary Levels of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38744330 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This investigation aims to investigate the association between HIF-1α genetic polymorphism and periodontitis and examine and contrast the levels of HIF-1α present in the saliva of subjects afflicted with periodontitis and in the control group. Additionally, this study aims to establish diagnostic proficiency of this biomarker in distinguishing between periodontal health and disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study entailed the collection of venous blood samples and unstimulated saliva samples from a total of 160 participants, encompassing 80 individuals diagnosed with periodontitis and 80 periodontitis-free individuals. The periodontal parameters were evaluated, involving the measurement of clinical attachment loss, the probing pocket depth, and the bleeding on probing percentage. Subsequently, genetic analysis of HIF-1α using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, DNA sequencing, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays was conducted. RESULTS The genetic analysis of 352 bp of the HIF-1α gene revealed the presence of 66 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in control samples, whereas 78 SNPs were found in periodontitis sample. The nucleotide A was replaced with a C nucleotide at position 207 of the amplified PCR fragments. The homozygous AA pattern was predominant in the control group, with significant differences between the two groups. In contrast, the homozygous CC pattern was more dominant in the periodontitis group, with significant differences between the two groups. The analysis of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the comparison between the observed and the expected genotypes showed significant differences between the observed and the expected values in the control and periodontitis groups, as well as the total sample. The highest mean values of the measured periodontal parameters were found in the periodontitis group (clinical attachment loss = 4.759, probing pocket depth = 4.050, and bleeding on probing = 30.950) with statistically significant differences between the groups. The periodontitis group showed significantly higher salivary HIF-1α levels compared to control group (p < 0.001). Besides, HIF-1α is a good biomarker in distinguishing between periodontal health and periodontitis. CONCLUSION rs1951795 SNP of HIF-1α has no significant impact on the progression of periodontitis and the salivary level HIF-1α. Periodontitis results in a notable elevation in HIF-1α salivary levels, with an outstanding diagnostic ability to distinguish between periodontitis and periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Abdulazeez Kzar
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Raghad Fadhil Abbas
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Xiao H, Li Y. Hypoxia dissociates HDAC6/FOXO1 complex and aggregates them into nucleus to regulate autophagy and osteogenic differentiation. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1248-1260. [PMID: 37767803 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the periodontitis-associated bone loss, with particular emphasis on the contributory role of hypoxic microenvironment in this process. BACKGROUND Periodontitis generally causes alveolar bone loss and is often associated with a hypoxic microenvironment, which affects bone homeostasis. However, the regulating mechanism between hypoxia and jaw metabolism remains unclear. Hypoxia triggers autophagy, which is closely related to osteogenic differentiation, but how hypoxia-induced autophagy regulates bone metabolism is unknown. HDAC6 and FOXO1 are closely related to bone metabolism and autophagy, respectively, but whether they are related to hypoxia-induced bone loss and their internal mechanisms is still unclear. METHODS Established rat nasal obstruction model and hypoxia cell model. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression and localization of HDAC6 and FOXO1 proteins, analysis of autophagic flux and transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the autophagy level and observe the autophagosomes, co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation were preformed to investigate the interaction of HDAC6 and FOXO1. RESULTS Hypoxia causes increased autophagy and reduced osteogenic differentiation in rat mandibles and BMSCs, and blocking autophagy can attenuate hypoxia-induced osteogenic differentiation decrease. Moreover, hypoxia dissociated the FOXO1-HDAC6 complex and accumulated them in the nucleus. Knocking down of FOXO1 or HDAC6 alleviated hypoxia-induced autophagy elevation or osteogenic differentiation reduction by binding to related genes, respectively. CONCLUSION Hypoxia causes mandibular bone loss and autophagy elevation. Mechanically, hypoxia dissociates the FOXO1-HDAC6 complex and aggregates them in the nucleus, whereas HDAC6 decreases osteogenic differentiation and FOXO1 enhances autophagy to inhibit osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Xu
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongming Li
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Shan C, Xia Y, Wu Z, Zhao J. HIF-1α and periodontitis: Novel insights linking host-environment interplay to periodontal phenotypes. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 184:50-78. [PMID: 37769974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, the sixth most prevalent epidemic disease globally, profoundly impacts oral aesthetics and masticatory functionality. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), an oxygen-dependent transcriptional activator, has emerged as a pivotal regulator in periodontal tissue and alveolar bone metabolism, exerts critical functions in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, energy metabolism, and cell fate determination. Numerous essential phenotypes regulated by HIF are intricately associated with bone metabolism in periodontal tissues. Extensive investigations have highlighted the central role of HIF and its downstream target genes and pathways in the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Within this concise perspective, we comprehensively review the cellular phenotypic alterations and microenvironmental dynamics linking HIF to periodontitis. We analyze current research on the HIF pathway, elucidating its impact on bone repair and regeneration, while unraveling the involved cellular and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the potential application of targeted interventions aimed at HIF in the field of bone tissue regeneration engineering. This review expands our biological understanding of the intricate relationship between the HIF gene and bone angiogenesis in periodontitis and offers valuable insights for the development of innovative therapies to expedite bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shan
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China
| | - YuNing Xia
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Stomatology, Ürümqi, China.
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Tamiya H, Abe M, Nagase T, Mitani A. The Link between Periodontal Disease and Asthma: How Do These Two Diseases Affect Each Other? J Clin Med 2023; 12:6747. [PMID: 37959214 PMCID: PMC10650117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the effects of poor oral hygiene extend beyond the oral cavity and are associated with a variety of systemic diseases, including asthma. Asthma, which results in symptoms of cough, wheezing, and dyspnoea, and is characterized by airflow limitation with variability and (partial or complete) reversibility, is amongst the most prevalent respiratory diseases with approximately 262 million patients worldwide, and its prevalence and disease burden is on the increase. While asthma can occur at a young age, it can also develop later in life and affects a variety of age groups. Both of these diseases have a chronic course, and various researchers have suggested a link between the two. In this article, we aim to provide a literature review focusing on the association between the two diseases. The results demonstrate that medications (primarily, inhaler medicine), hypoxia induced by asthma, and the breathing behaviour of patients potentially trigger periodontal disease. In contrast, oral periodontopathogenic microorganisms and the inflammatory mediators produced by them may be involved in the onset and/or exacerbation of asthma. Common contributing factors, such as smoking, gastro-oesophageal reflux, and type-2 inflammation, should also be considered when evaluating the relationship between the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tamiya
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masanobu Abe
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akihisa Mitani
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Prieto D, Pino-Lagos K, Realini O, Cáceres F, Retamal I, Chaparro A. Relationship between soluble neuropilin-1 in the gingival crevicular fluid of early pregnant women and different severities of periodontitis: A cross-sectional study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:321-326. [PMID: 36891285 PMCID: PMC9988399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy exacerbates the periodontal inflammation; however, the biological mediators involved are not well characterized. Neuropilins (NRPs) are transmembrane glycoproteins involved in physiological and pathogenic processes such as angiogenesis and immunity but its relationship with periodontal disease in pregnant women has not been studied. Objective To explore the soluble Neuropilin-1 (sNRP-1) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples during early pregnancy and its association with the periodontitis severity and periodontal clinical parameters. Methods 80 pregnant women were recruited, and GCF samples were collected. Clinical data and periodontal clinical parameters were recorded. sNRP-1 expression was determined by ELISA assay. The relationship between sNRP-1(+) pregnant women with the severity of periodontitis and periodontal clinical parameters was determined by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Spearman's test estimated the correlation between sNRP-1 levels and periodontal clinical parameters. Results Periodontitis was classified as mild in 27.5% (n = 22) women, moderate in 42.5% (n = 34), and severe in 30% (n = 24). sNRP-1 expression was higher in the GCF of pregnant with severe (41.67%) and moderate (41.17%) periodontitis compared than in those with mild periodontitis (18.8%). The sNRP-1(+) pregnant had a higher BOP (76.5% v/s 57%; p = 0.0071) and PISA (1199.5 mm2 v/s 880.2 mm2; p = 0.0282) compared with sNRP-1(-). A positive correlation between sNRP-1 levels in GCF and BOP (p = 0.0081) and PISA (p = 0.0398) was observed. Conclusions The results suggest that sNRP-1 could be involved in periodontal inflammation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Prieto
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Magíster en Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de La Odontología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
| | - Karina Pino-Lagos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
| | - Ornella Realini
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Magíster en Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de La Odontología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
| | - Felipe Cáceres
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Magíster en Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de La Odontología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
| | - Ignacio Retamal
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Magíster en Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de La Odontología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
| | - Alejandra Chaparro
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Magíster en Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de La Odontología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
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Li X, Guo L, Sato F, Kitayama T, Tewari N, Makishima M, Hamada N, Liu Y, Bhawal UK. Dec2 negatively regulates bone resorption in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1056-1069. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Pathology Division Shizuoka Cancer Center Shizuoka Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Kitayama
- Department of Anesthesiology Nihon University School of Dentistry Tokyo Japan
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Division of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Department of Oral Microbiology Kanagawa Dental University Yokosuka Japan
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systematic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India
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Liu L, Zhang L, Li Y, Wang Y, He L, Song L, Shi X. The relationship between FOSB and SOCS3 gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to periodontitis and osteopenia in the Chinese population. Odontology 2022; 110:747-758. [PMID: 35661052 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim is to analyze the relationship and significance of the FOS, FOSB, Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) gene loci and their polymorphisms with periodontitis and osteopenia in the Chinese population. In this case-control study, data on questionnaires, periodontal examination, bone mineral density, and FOS, FOSB, SOCS3, and HIF1 gene loci and their polymorphisms were obtained from 474 participants. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, χ2 test, and logistic regression. The incidence of osteopenia was significantly increased in patients with periodontitis compared to controls (58.6 vs. 34.4%, P < 0.001). Accordingly, the risk was increased 2.21-fold compared with controls (95% CI 2.09-4.95). Osteopenia patients had a significantly higher risk of periodontitis than patients with normal bone density (OR = 3.22, 95% CI 2.09-4.94). There were significant positive associations between FOSB and SOCS3 polymorphisms and periodontitis and osteopenia susceptibility. Individuals carrying the G/G genotype of the FOSB gene rs708905 locus had an increased risk of periodontitis (OR = 5.06, 95% CI 2.36-10.86) and osteopenia (OR = 3.26, 95% CI 1.34-7.96). Compared with the C/C genotype, the A/A genotype of the FOSB rs8105114 locus was associated with a significantly higher risk of periodontitis (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.02-4.53) and osteopenia (OR = 2.85, 95% CI 1.12-7.22). Compared with the A/A genotype, the risk of periodontitis in the G/G genotype of the SOCS3 rs7207782 locus was increased 3.10-fold (P < 0.001), and the risk of osteopenia was increased 2.01-fold (P = 0.023). There was a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and osteopenia. The rs708905 G/G and rs8105114 A/A genotypes of FOSB and the rs7207782 G/G genotype of SOCS3 were risk factors for both periodontitis and osteopenia in the Chinese population, which could increase knowledge about disease‑specific and cross‑disease genetic pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhui Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liu He
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liang Song
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Takedachi M, Yamamoto S, Kawasaki K, Shimomura J, Murata M, Morimoto C, Hirai A, Kawakami K, Bhongsatiern P, Iwayama T, Sawada K, Yamada S, Murakami S. Reciprocal role of PLAP-1 in HIF-1α-mediated responses to hypoxia. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:470-478. [PMID: 35138637 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mutual regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α activity and periodontal ligament-associated protein-1 (PLAP-1) expression in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLs). BACKGROUND Cellular responses to hypoxia regulate various biological events (e.g., inflammation and tissue regeneration) through activation of HIF-1α. PLAP-1, an extracellular matrix protein preferentially expressed in the periodontal ligament, plays important roles in the functions of HPDLs. Although PLAP-1 expression has been demonstrated in hypoxic regions, the involvement of PLAP-1 in responses to hypoxia has not been revealed. METHODS HPDLs were cultured under normoxic (20% O2 ) or hypoxic (1% O2 ) conditions with or without deferoxamine mesylate (chemical hypoxia inducer) or chetomin (HIF signaling inhibitor). Expression levels of PLAP-1 and HIF-1α were examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Luciferase reporter assays of HIF-1α activity were performed using 293T cells stably transfected with a hypoxia response element (HRE)-containing luciferase vector in the presence or absence of recombinant PLAP-1 or PLAP-1 gene transfection. RESULTS Cultivation under hypoxic conditions elevated the gene and protein expression levels of PLAP-1 in HPDLs. Deferoxamine mesylate treatment also enhanced PLAP-1 expression in HPDLs. Hypoxia-induced PLAP-1 expression was significantly suppressed in the presence of chetomin. PLAP-1-suppressed HPDLs showed increased HIF-1α accumulation in the nucleus during culture under hypoxic conditions, but not in the presence of recombinant PLAP-1. In the presence of recombinant PLAP-1, hypoxia-induced HRE activity of 293T cells was significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. Transfection of the PLAP-1 gene resulted in a significant reduction of HRE activity during culture under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION PLAP-1 expression is upregulated under hypoxic conditions through HIF-1α activation. Moreover, hypoxia-induced PLAP-1 expression regulates HIF-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Takedachi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satomi Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kawasaki
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junpei Shimomura
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Murata
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiaki Morimoto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asae Hirai
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kawakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Phan Bhongsatiern
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Iwayama
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keigo Sawada
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Rhatomy S, Utomo DN, Prakoeswa CRS, Rantam FA, Suroto H, Mahyudin F. Ligament/Tendon Culture under Hypoxic Conditions: A Systematic Review. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 11:595-600. [PMID: 34888206 PMCID: PMC8642806 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic environment is a substantial factor in maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of the cell cultures. Low oxygen is known as a potent chondrogenesis stimulus in stem cells that is important for clinical application and engineering of functional cartilage. Hypoxia can potentially induce angiogenesis process by secretion of cytokines. This systematic review goal is to discover the effect of hypoxic condition on tendon/ ligament culture and the best oxygen level of hypoxia for in vitro and in vivo studies. We included 21 articles. A comprehensive review of this database confirms that the hypoxic condition is a substantial factor in the maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of ligament/tendon cultures. Cell proliferation in the severe hypoxic (oxygen concentration of 1%) group at 24 h postcultivation was considered significant, but cell proliferation was markedly inhibited in the severe hypoxic group after 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholahuddin Rhatomy
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dwikora Novembri Utomo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Virology and Immunology Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya Indonesia.,Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya Indonesia
| | - Heri Suroto
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ferdiansyah Mahyudin
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Morimoto C, Takedachi M, Kawasaki K, Shimomura J, Murata M, Hirai A, Kawakami K, Sawada K, Iwayama T, Murakami S. Hypoxia stimulates collagen hydroxylation in gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1635-1645. [PMID: 33660864 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular responses to hypoxia regulate various biological events, including angiogenesis and extracellular matrix metabolism. Collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix in periodontal tissues and its coordinated production is essential for tissue homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on collagen production in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLs). METHODS HGFs and HPDLs were cultured under either normoxic (20% O2 ) or hypoxic (1% O2 ) conditions. Nuclear expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was determined by western blotting. Peri-cellular expression of type I collagen was examined by immunocytochemistry analysis. Synthesis of type I collagen was evaluated by measuring the concentration of procollagen type I C-peptide (PIP) in culture supernatant using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of collagen hydroxylase enzymes prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha polypeptide 1 (P4HA1) and 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2) was determined by RT-qPCR and western blotting. The roles of these enzymes were analyzed using siRNA transfection. RESULTS Cultivation under hypoxic conditions stimulated type I collagen production via HIF-1α in both cell types. Interestingly, hypoxic conditions did not affect collagen 1a1 or 1a2 gene expression but upregulated that of P4HA1 and PLOD2. Additionally, suppressing P4HA1 significantly decreased the levels of hypoxia-induced procollagen type I C-peptide, a product of stable triple helical collagen, in the supernatant. In contrast, PLOD2 suppression decreased cross-linked collagen expression in the pericellular region. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that hypoxia activates collagen synthesis in HGFs and HPDLs by upregulating hydroxylases P4HA1 and PLOD2 in an HIF-1α-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Morimoto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Takedachi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kawasaki
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junpei Shimomura
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Murata
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asae Hirai
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kawakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keigo Sawada
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Iwayama
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Yang K, Xu S, Zhao H, Liu L, Lv X, Hu F, Wang L, Ji Q. Hypoxia and Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide synergistically induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human gingival fibroblasts. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107456. [PMID: 33588175 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of hypoxia and Porphyromonas gingivalis- lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis-LPS) on activation of the NACHT leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). DESIGN Periodontitis was optimally simulated using a hypoxic concentration of 1%. HGFs were stimulated using P. gingivalis-LPS (1.0 μg/ml) in normoxia and hypoxia for 3 h and 6 h, respectively. The expression levels of genes and proteins of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), interleukin-1β, gasdermin D (GSDMD) and the NLRP3 inflammasome, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), caspase-1 and its activated forms, were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. ELISA was used to detect and determine levels of the inflammatory factor interleukin-1β in cell supernatants. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, caspase-1 activity assay and Hoechst 33342/Propidium Iodide (PI) staining were performed to further verify the presence of pyroptosis. RESULTS The NLRP3 inflammasome (i.e., NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1) was not affected by individual stimulation using P. gingivalis-LPS or hypoxia. However, the combination of both hypoxia and P. gingivalis-LPS stimulation significantly enhanced inflammasome activation and promoted the expression of interleukin-1β, gasdermin D and HIF-1α at gene and protein levels; PI positive cells and the release of LDH were also elevated. CONCLUSION Hypoxia and P. gingivalis-LPS synergistically induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HGFs, and subsequently high levels of interleukin-1β and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis can cause an HGF inflammatory response, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lingshuang Liu
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofang Lv
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuxia Ji
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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12
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Arita Y, Yoshinaga Y, Kaneko T, Kawahara Y, Nakamura K, Ohgi K, Arita S, Ryu T, Takase M, Sakagami R. Glyburide inhibits the bone resorption induced by traumatic occlusion in rats. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:464-471. [PMID: 32153049 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether glyburide inhibits bone destruction caused by traumatic occlusion in a rat occlusal trauma model. BACKGROUND Excessive mechanical stress, such as traumatic occlusion, induces expression of IL-1β and may be involved in bone resorption. NLRP3 inflammasomes have been linked to IL-1β expression, but it is currently unclear whether glyburide, the inhibiter of NLRP3 inflammasome, suppresses occlusal trauma in rats. METHODS Male SD rats aged 7 weeks were used. In the trauma group, the occlusal surface of the maxillary first right molar was raised by attaching a metal wire to apply occlusal trauma to the mandibular first right molar. In the trauma + glyburide group, the NLRP3 inhibitor glyburide was administered orally every 24 hours from 1 day before induction of occlusal trauma. Rats were euthanized after 5 or 10 days, and the maxillary first molars were harvested with the adjacent tissues for histopathological investigation. Immunohistochemical expression of IL-1β, NLRP3, and RANKL was also assessed. RESULTS On day 5, bone resorption was significantly greater in the trauma group compared with the control group or the trauma + glyburide group, and there were significantly higher numbers of osteoclasts and cells positive for IL-1β, NLRP3, and RANKL in the trauma group. CONCLUSION In this study, glyburide inhibits bone resorption by traumatic occlusion in rats. It suggests that the NLRP3/IL-1β pathway might be associated with bone resorption induced by traumatic occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Arita
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yoshinaga
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.,Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneko
- Center for Oral Diseases, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuri Kawahara
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakamura
- Center for Oral Diseases, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kimiko Ohgi
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiichi Arita
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Ryu
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Minoru Takase
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Sakagami
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Yan K, Wu C, Ye Y, Li L, Wang X, He W, Ren S, Xu Y. A20 inhibits osteoclastogenesis via TRAF6-dependent autophagy in human periodontal ligament cells under hypoxia. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12778. [PMID: 32027437 PMCID: PMC7106956 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A20 exerts an anti-osteoclastogenic effect through the inhibition of NF-κB signalling in periodontitis. It also regulates autophagy via ubiquitin modification. This study was aimed at exploring the relationship between A20 and autophagy in anti-osteoclastogenesis in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect relative mRNA and protein levels. The formation of autophagosomes was measured by TEM. Osteoclastic differentiation was assessed by TRAP staining and hydroxyapatite resorption assay. The interactions between different proteins were observed by co-IP. RESULTS Cells cultured under 2% O₂ exhibited decreased A20 expression and increased RANKL/OPG (R/O) ratio. There was a negative correlation between A20 and TRAF6, and similar results were found with autophagic flux. A20 delayed the increase in R/O ratio under hypoxia. Autophagy in hPDLCs and osteoclast differentiation and hydroxyapatite resorption areas in mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) were inhibited by A20. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy using 3-MA resulted in increased expression of A20 and decreased number and function of osteoclasts. In addition, A20 inhibited polyubiquitination at K63 and enhanced that at K48 in TRAF6 to suppress autophagy under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS A20 inhibits osteoclastogenesis via inhibition of TRAF6-dependent autophagy in hPDLCs under hypoxia. These findings suggest that A20 may be a key gene target during bone loss in periodontitis via TRAF6-mediated inhibition of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Li Q, Luo T, Lu W, Yi X, Zhao Z, Liu J. Proteomic analysis of human periodontal ligament cells under hypoxia. Proteome Sci 2019; 17:3. [PMID: 31496921 PMCID: PMC6717648 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-019-0151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The periodontal ligament is essential for homeostasis of periodontal tissue. A hypoxic milieu of the periodontal tissue is generated under periodontitis or during orthodontic treatment, which affects the periodontal and bone remodelling process. Here, we provide a comprehensive proteomic characterization of periodontal ligament cells under hypoxic conditions, aiming to reveal previously unappreciated biological changes and to help advance hypoxia-based therapeutic strategies for periodontal diseases. Methods Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were characterized using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry (FACS). Successful hypoxia treatment of hPDLCs with 1% O2 was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Proliferation was evaluated using an MTT assay. The proteomic expression profile under hypoxia was studied with the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) approach followed by protein identification and bioinformatic analysis, and western blot verification was performed. Results The hPDLCs were positive for vimentin, CD73 and CD105 and negative for keratin, CD34 and CD45. After hypoxia treatment, the mRNA expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF1a) was upregulated. The proliferation rate was elevated during the first 6 h but decreased from 6 h to 72 h. A total of 220 differentially expressed proteins were quantified in hPDLCs under hypoxia (1% O2, 24 h), including 153 upregulated and 67 downregulated proteins, five of which were verified by western blot analysis. The Gene Ontology enriched terms included the energy metabolic process, membrane-bound organelle and vesicle, and protein binding terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated several involved pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, the HIF-1 signalling pathway, and focal adhesion. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network demonstrated the dominant role of autophagy over apoptosis under hypoxia. Conclusion The proteomic profile of hPDLCs under hypoxia was mainly related to energy metabolism, autophagy, and responses to stimuli such as adhesion and inflammation. Previously unrecognized proteins including solute carrier family proteins, heat shock proteins, ubiquitination-related enzymes, collagen and S100 family proteins are involved in adaptive response to hypoxia in hPDLCs and are thus of great research interest in future work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12953-019-0151-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Tao Luo
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China.,2Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxin Lu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China.,3Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yi
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China.,3Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China.,3Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China.,3Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Karatas O, Balci Yuce H, Aydemir Turkal H. Dental hypofunction alters subgingival microorganisms: a pilot study. MINERVA STOMATOLOGICA 2019; 68:183-191. [PMID: 31357852 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4970.19.04245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate dental plaque compositions, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1-alpha levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at hypofunctional and normofunctional teeth in healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis patients. METHODS Sixty systemically healthy individuals were enrolled. Study groups were: group 1 hypofunctional healthy group (group 1, N.=15); group 2 hypofunctional periodontitis group (group 2, N.=15); group 3 normofunctional healthy group (group 3, N.=15); and group 4 normofunctional periodontitis group (group 4, N.=15). Clinical periodontal measurements (plaque index, gingival index and clinical attachment level) were recorded. Dental plaque and GCF samples were taken. VEGF and HIF 1-alpha levels in GCF were determined. Subgingival plaque samples were evaluated for 11 different bacterial species as, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, Eikenella corrodens and Capnocytophaga species. RESULTS Tannerella forsythia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Eubacterium nodatum levels decreased in hypofunctional healthy and periodontitis groups (P<0.05). Porphyromonas gingivalis levels increased in hypofunctional healthy group and decreased in hypofunctional periodontitis group (P<0.05). There was also a decrease in Eikenella corrodens levels in hypofunctional periodontitis group (P<0.05). There were no difference regarding the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga spp., Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum levels among the groups (P>0.05). VEGF and HIF-1α levels in both GCF and serum samples were also similar (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, the authors found that the levels of four significant bacterial strains were decreased in both hypofunctional healthy and hypofunctional periodontitis groups compared to normofunctional equivalents. Though not evaluated in this study, this situation could be due to periodontal ligament atrophy and related physiological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Karatas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey -
| | - Hatice Balci Yuce
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Humeyra Aydemir Turkal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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16
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Kifune T, Ito H, Ishiyama M, Iwasa S, Takei H, Hasegawa T, Asano M, Shirakawa T. Hypoxia-induced upregulation of angiogenic factors in immortalized human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Oral Sci 2019; 60:519-525. [PMID: 30587686 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia induces complex cellular responses that are mediated by a key transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 promotes production of cytokines and angiogenic factors and contributes to recovery of injured tissues. In the present study, expressions of angiogenin (ANG) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are potent angiogenic factors in mammalian tissues, were examined in immortalized fibroblasts exposed to hypoxia. After 24 h of exposure to hypoxia, ANG and VEGF mRNAs expressions were significantly elevated in periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts but not in embryonic fibroblasts. Hypoxia also increased productions of ANG and VEGF proteins in PDL fibroblasts. HIF-1α mRNA expression was not affected by hypoxia in either fibroblast, although HIF-1α protein expression was enhanced after exposure to hypoxia. Treatment of PDL fibroblasts with dimethyloxaloylglycine, a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that stabilizes the HIF-1α protein, significantly increased expressions of ANG and VEGF mRNAs under normoxia. This suggests that stabilization of HIF-1α is crucial for upregulation of ANG and VEGF in PDL fibroblasts. These results indicate that, under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α upregulates synthesis of ANG and VEGF in PDL fibroblasts and promotes angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kifune
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Hisanori Ito
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Misa Ishiyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Satoko Iwasa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Hiroki Takei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Masatake Asano
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Tetsuo Shirakawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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17
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Afacan B, Öztürk VÖ, Paşalı Ç, Bozkurt E, Köse T, Emingil G. Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontol 2018; 90:788-797. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beral Afacan
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryAdnan Menderes University Aydın Turkey
| | - Veli Özgen Öztürk
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryAdnan Menderes University Aydın Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Paşalı
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryEge University İzmir Turkey
| | - Emir Bozkurt
- Section of Molecular BiologyDepartment of BiologyFaculty of Science and LettersCelal Bayar University Manisa Turkey
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsFaculty of MedicineEge University İzmir Turkey
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryEge University İzmir Turkey
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18
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Lv K, Wang G, Shen C, Zhang X, Yao H. Role and mechanism of the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome in oral disease. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 97:1-11. [PMID: 30315987 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize evidence and data from experimental studies regarding the role and mechanism of the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathogenesis of several representative oral diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search of PubMed and EBSCO was performed. The literature was searched using a combination of keywords, e.g., NLRP3 inflammasome, inflammation, microorganisms, oral inflammatory diseases, and oral immunological diseases. RESULTS The initiation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of several representative oral diseases, including periodontitis, oral lichen planus, dental pulp disease, and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in the progression of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses. The possible role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in several oral diseases, including not only periodontitis and pulpitis but also mucosal diseases and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, may involve the aberrant regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. Understanding the cellular and molecular biology of the NLRP3 inflammasome is necessary because the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of oral inflammatory and immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Lv
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Chenlu Shen
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Yinzhou People Hospital, College of Medicine, Ningbo University, China
| | - Hua Yao
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
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19
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Ito H, Kifune T, Ishiyama M, Iwasa S, Takei H, Hasegawa T, Asano M, Shirakawa T. Effect of hypoxia on the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand in periodontal ligament cells. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:544-551. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Ito
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Takashi Kifune
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Misa Ishiyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Satoko Iwasa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Hiroki Takei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Masatake Asano
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Tetsuo Shirakawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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20
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Song ZC, Li S, Dong JC, Sun MJ, Zhang XL, Shu R. Enamel matrix proteins regulate hypoxia-induced cellular biobehavior and osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:606-618. [PMID: 29205072 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1370131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a crucial microenvironment for inflamed periodontal tissue and periodontal wound healing. Enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) potentially can promote the formation of new periodontium. The effects of EMPs on periodontal ligament cells under hypoxia, however, remain unclear. We investigated the effects of EMPs on cellular biobehavior and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under hypoxia. Under cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced hypoxia, cellular biobehavior of hPDLCs, including proliferation, attachment, spreading, and migration with or without EMPs, was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), cell counting, spreading area measurement and wound scratch assay. The osteogenic activity of hPDLCs was assessed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S staining (ARS). The expressions of osteogenic genes including runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), ALP, osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen type I (Col-I) were detected using real time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunocytochemistry assays. The biobehavior and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs were inhibited significantly under hypoxia. EMPs have no effect on cell proliferation under mimicked hypoxia. EMPs partly reversed the inhibitory effects of hypoxia, however, for other cellular biobehavior including attachment, spreading and migration, and markedly up-regulated osteogenic differentiation activities including ALP, mineralization ability and the expressions of osteogenic genes such as Runx2, ALP, osteocalcin, and collagen type I in hPDLCs under hypoxia. EMPs attenuate the hypoxic injury to cellular biobehavior and osteogenic differentiation in hPDLCs under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Song
- a Department of Periodontology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , 200011 , China
| | - S Li
- a Department of Periodontology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , 200011 , China
| | - J C Dong
- a Department of Periodontology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , 200011 , China
| | - M J Sun
- a Department of Periodontology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , 200011 , China
| | - X L Zhang
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , 200011 , China
| | - R Shu
- a Department of Periodontology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , 200011 , China
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21
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Cheng R, Liu W, Zhang R, Feng Y, Bhowmick NA, Hu T. Porphyromonas gingivalis-Derived Lipopolysaccharide Combines Hypoxia to Induce Caspase-1 Activation in Periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:474. [PMID: 29184853 PMCID: PMC5694474 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is defined as inflammation affecting the supporting tissue of teeth. Periodontal pathogens initiate the disease and induce inflammatory host response. Hypoxia may accelerate the process by producing pro-inflammatory factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS in inducing caspase-1 activation in normoxic or hypoxic phases. The results showed that healthy gingiva was in a normoxic phase (HIF-1α negative). However, hypoxia appeared in periodontitis, in which NLRP3, cleaved-caspase-1, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and caspase-1-induced cell death was enhanced in periodontitis specimens. The in vitro experiment showed that P. gingivalis LPS slightly decreased the level of NLRP3 and IL-1β in gingival fibroblasts under normoxia. Surprisingly, hypoxia reversed the effects of P. gingivalis LPS, highly promoted caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation. E. coli LPS, a kind of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) was chosen to simulate the effect of Gram-negative microbiota. Different from P. gingivalis LPS, E. coli LPS enhanced IL-1β maturation both in normoxia and hypoxia. Moreover, E. coli LPS turned normoxia into hypoxia phase in experimental periodontitis model, which may subsequently propel the inflammatory effect of P. gingivalis LPS. It was concluded that E. coli LPS induced a hypoxic phase, which is a combing pathological factor of P. gingivalis LPS in caspase-1 activating and IL-1β maturation in periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Neil A. Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Müller AS, Janjić K, Lilaj B, Edelmayer M, Agis H. Hypoxia-based strategies for regenerative dentistry—Views from the different dental fields. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 81:121-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Oishi S, Shimizu Y, Hosomichi J, Kuma Y, Maeda H, Nagai H, Usumi-Fujita R, Kaneko S, Shibutani N, Suzuki JI, Yoshida KI, Ono T. Intermittent Hypoxia Influences Alveolar Bone Proper Microstructure via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and VEGF Expression in Periodontal Ligaments of Growing Rats. Front Physiol 2016; 7:416. [PMID: 27695422 PMCID: PMC5025444 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) recapitulates morphological changes in the maxillofacial bones in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Recently, we found that IH increased bone mineral density (BMD) in the inter-radicular alveolar bone (reflecting enhanced osteogenesis) in the mandibular first molar (M1) region in the growing rats, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we focused on the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway to assess the effect of IH by testing the null hypothesis of no significant differences in the mRNA-expression levels of relevant factors associated with the HIF pathway, between control rats and growing rats with IH. To test the null hypothesis, we investigated how IH enhances mandibular osteogenesis in the alveolar bone proper with respect to HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues. Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to IH for 3 weeks. The microstructure and BMD in the alveolar bone proper of the distal root of the mandibular M1 were evaluated using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Expression of HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA in PDL tissues were measured, whereas osteogenesis was evaluated by measuring mRNA levels for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The null hypothesis was rejected: we found an increase in the expression of all of these markers after IH exposure. The results provided the first indication that IH enhanced osteogenesis of the mandibular M1 region in association with PDL angiogenesis during growth via HIF-1α in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Oishi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Hosomichi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kuma
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Maeda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nagai
- Department of Legal Medicine (Forensic Medicine), Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Usumi-Fujita
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sawa Kaneko
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Shibutani
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yoshida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo, Japan
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The Neurovascular Properties of Dental Stem Cells and Their Importance in Dental Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9762871. [PMID: 27688777 PMCID: PMC5027319 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9762871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the field of tissue engineering, natural tissues are reconstructed by combining growth factors, stem cells, and different biomaterials to serve as a scaffold for novel tissue growth. As adequate vascularization and innervation are essential components for the viability of regenerated tissues, there is a high need for easily accessible stem cells that are capable of supporting these functions. Within the human tooth and its surrounding tissues, different stem cell populations can be distinguished, such as dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human deciduous teeth, stem cells from the apical papilla, dental follicle stem cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Given their straightforward and relatively easy isolation from extracted third molars, dental stem cells (DSCs) have become an attractive source of mesenchymal-like stem cells. Over the past decade, there have been numerous studies supporting the angiogenic, neuroprotective, and neurotrophic effects of the DSC secretome. Together with their ability to differentiate into endothelial cells and neural cell types, this makes DSCs suitable candidates for dental tissue engineering and nerve injury repair.
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25
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Caviedes-Bucheli J, Gomez-Sosa JF, Azuero-Holguin MM, Ormeño-Gomez M, Pinto-Pascual V, Munoz HR. Angiogenic mechanisms of human dental pulp and their relationship with substance P expression in response to occlusal trauma. Int Endod J 2016; 50:339-351. [PMID: 26953220 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels based on a pre-existing vasculature. It comprises two processes, sprouting of endothelial cells and the division of vessels due to abnormal growth of the microvasculature. It has been demonstrated that substance P (SP) can induce angiogenesis either by modulating endothelial cell growth (direct mechanism) or by attracting cells with angiogenic potential to the injury site (indirect mechanism). Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the angiogenic mechanisms that regulate mineralized tissue formation in human dental pulp tissue and their relationship with SP expression as a defence response to stimuli such as the masticatory function and occlusal trauma. Articles included in this review were searched in PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases, combining the following keywords: human dentine pulp, angiogenesis, angiogenic growth factors, neuropeptides, substance P, neurogenic inflammation, dentine matrix, dentinogenesis, occlusal trauma and dental occlusion. It is concluded that human dental pulp tissue responds to occlusal trauma and masticatory function with a neurogenic inflammatory phenomenon in which SP plays an important role in the direct and indirect mechanisms of angiogenesis by the action evoked via NK1 receptors at different cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial and inflammatory cells, leading to new blood vessel formation which are needed to stimulate mineralized tissue formation as a defence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caviedes-Bucheli
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - J F Gomez-Sosa
- Department of Endodontics, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - M M Azuero-Holguin
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Ormeño-Gomez
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - V Pinto-Pascual
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - H R Munoz
- Postgraduate Department of Endodontics, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
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Pumklin J, Bhalang K, Pavasant P. Hypoxia enhances the effect of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IL-1β expression in human periodontal ligament cells. Odontology 2016; 104:338-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-015-0223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Expression and Function of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Pulp Tissue of Teeth under Orthodontic Movement. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:215761. [PMID: 26441483 PMCID: PMC4579319 DOI: 10.1155/2015/215761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic force may lead to cell damage, circulatory disturbances, and vascular changes of the dental pulp, which make a hypoxic environment in pulp. In order to maintain the homeostasis of dental pulp, hypoxia will inevitably induce the defensive reaction. However, this is a complex process and is regulated by numerous factors. In this study, we established an experimental animal model of orthodontic tooth movement to investigate the effects of mechanical force on the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in dental pulp. Histological analysis of dental pulp and expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF proteins in dental pulp were examined. The results showed that inflammation and vascular changes happened in dental pulp tissue in different periods. Additionally, there were significant changes in the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF proteins under orthodontic force. After application of mechanical load, expression of HIF-1α and VEGF was markedly positive in 1, 3, 7 d, and 2 w groups, and then it weakened in 4 w group. These findings suggested that the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF was enhanced by mechanical force. HIF-1α and VEGF may play an important role in retaining the homeostasis of dental pulp during orthodontic tooth movement.
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28
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Expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor-C in human chronic periodontitis. J Dent Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Intermittent Compressive Stress Enhanced Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Int J Cell Biol 2015; 2015:369874. [PMID: 26106417 PMCID: PMC4464684 DOI: 10.1155/2015/369874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical force was shown to promote IGF-1 expression in periodontal ligament both in vitro and in vivo. Though the mechanism of this effect has not yet been proved, here we investigated the molecular mechanism of intermittent mechanical stress on IGF-1 expression. In addition, the role of hypoxia on the intermittent compressive stress on IGF-1 expression was also examined. In this study, human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLs) were stimulated with intermittent mechanical stress for 24 hours. IGF-1 expression was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Chemical inhibitors were used to determine molecular mechanisms of these effects. For hypoxic mimic condition, the CoCl2 supplementation was employed. The results showed that intermittent mechanical stress dramatically increased IGF-1 expression at 24 h. The pretreatment with TGF-β receptor I or TGF-β1 antibody could inhibit the intermittent mechanical stress-induced IGF-1 expression. Moreover, the upregulation of TGF-β1 proteins was detected in intermittent mechanical stress treated group. Correspondingly, the IGF-1 expression was upregulated upon being treated with recombinant human TGF-β1. Further, the hypoxic mimic condition attenuated the intermittent mechanical stress and rhTGF-β1-induced IGF-1 expression. In summary, this study suggests intermittent mechanical stress-induced IGF-1 expression in HPDLs through TGF-β1 and this phenomenon could be inhibited in hypoxic mimic condition.
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30
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Jian C, Li C, Ren Y, He Y, Li Y, Feng X, Zhang G, Tan Y. Hypoxia augments lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine expression in periodontal ligament cells. Inflammation 2015; 37:1413-23. [PMID: 24609838 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of tooth supporting tissues. Hypoxia, the mainly changes of the plateau environment, can induce severe periodontitis by animal experiments. There is, however, very little information on hypoxia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cytokine expression in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. In this article, we characterized hypoxia or P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg LPS) induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 expression by human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. We found that hypoxia augmented Pg LPS induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression in hPDL cells. We also demonstrated that nuclear factor kappa B pathway was involved in hypoxia augmenting Pg LPS induced cytokine expression in hPDL cells. Thus, our results suggest that the hypoxic environment may enhance the immune function of hPDL cells that is induced by Pg LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxiang Jian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiaozheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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31
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Bae WJ, Shin MR, Kang SK, Zhang-Jun, Kim JY, Lee SC, Kim EC. HIF-2 Inhibition Supresses Inflammatory Responses and Osteoclastic Differentiation in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1241-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jung Bae
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC); School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Ran Shin
- Department of Prosthodontics; Dongatn Sacred Heart Hospital; Hallym University; Dongtan South Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kang
- Department of Oral Medicine; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Zhang-Jun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC); School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC); School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Cheon Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC); School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Li L, Han MX, Li S, Xu Y, Wang L. Hypoxia regulates the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells under cyclic tensile stress via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Periodontol 2014; 85:498-508. [PMID: 23805815 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that periodontal ligament exists in a hypoxic microenvironment, especially under the condition of periodontitis or physical stress. The present study is designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of hypoxia on regulating the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under cyclic tensile stress (CTS). METHODS hPDLCs were cultured in 2% O2 (hypoxia) or 20% O2 (normoxia) and then subjected to a cyclic in-plane tensile deformation of 10% at 0.5 Hz. The following parameters were measured: 1) cell proliferation by flow cytometry; 2) cell ultrastructure by transmission electron microscopy; 3) expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and osteogenic relative factors (i.e., secreted phosphoprotein 1 [SPP1; also known as bone sialoprotein I/osteopontin], runt-related transcription factor 2 [RUNX2], and transcription factor Sp7 [SP7]) by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot; and 4) involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways by Western blot with specific inhibitor. RESULTS Proliferation index in the hypoxia with CTS group was significantly higher than in other groups. Significant increases in HIF-1α, SPP1, RUNX2, and SP7 occurred in the presence of hypoxia for 24 hours. In addition, MAPK inhibitor (PD 98,059) significantly attenuated hypoxia and CTS-induced phosphor-ERK1/2 (extracellular regulated kinase 1/2), phosphor-JNK (c-jun N-terminal kinase), and phosphor-P38 expression. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia regulates CTS-responsive changes in proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs via MAPK pathways. Hypoxia-treated hPDLCs may serve as an in vitro model to explore the molecular mechanisms of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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33
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Tumor necrosis factor stimulates osteoclastogenesis from human bone marrow cells under hypoxic conditions. Exp Cell Res 2014; 321:167-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wu Y, Han X, Guo Y, Wu H, Ren J, Li J, Ai D, Wang L, Bai D. Response of immortalized murine cementoblast cells to hypoxia in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1718-25. [PMID: 24112739 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of hypoxia on proliferation, apoptosis and mineralization of cementoblast-like cells (OCCM-30) in vitro. METHODS The effects of different periods of hypoxia (2% O2) on proliferation, apoptosis, cementoblastic potential and root cementum resorption capability of OCCM-30 were evaluated, by using MTT, flow cytometry, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction measurement, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and mineralization nodule formation assay. RESULTS OCCM-30 viability was significantly inhibited by hypoxia while the apoptosis ratio was enhanced in a time-dependent manner; hypoxia inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA were induced by hypoxia in different manners; temporary hypoxia (<24 h) stimulated cementoblastic function of OCCM-30, while long-term hypoxia inhibited it, manifested by decreased mRNA level or release of ALP, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin and osteoprotegerin. In addition, hypoxia affected mineralized nodule formation of OCCM-30 in a time-dependent fashion; moreover, root cementum resorption function was also induced by hypoxia, manifested by increased receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand mRNA and protein expression. CONCLUSION Temporary exposure of OCCM-30 to hypoxia inhibited proliferation, promoted apoptosis and mineralization, while longer duration of hypoxia could inhibit the cementoblast function. The findings may provide theoretical basis for developing novel therapeutics to prevent root resorption during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Wu Y, Cao H, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Gu Y, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Yin J. Effects of vascular endothelial cells on osteogenic differentiation of noncontact co-cultured periodontal ligament stem cells under hypoxia. J Periodontal Res 2013; 48:52-65. [PMID: 22905750 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE During periodontitis or orthodontic tooth movement, the periodontal vasculature is severely impaired by chronic inflammation or excessive mechanical force. This leads to a hypoxic microenvironment of the periodontal cells and enhances the expression of various cytokines and growth factors that may regulate angiogenesis and alveolar bone remodeling. However, the role of hypoxia in regulating the communication between endothelial cells (ECs) and osteoblast progenitors during the remodeling and repair of periodontal tissue is still poorly defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vascular ECs on osteogenic differentiation, mineralization and the paracrine function of noncontact co-cultured periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) under hypoxia, and further reveal the involvement of MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK pathways in the process. MATERIAL AND METHODS First, PDLSCs were obtained and a noncontact co-culture system of PDLSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells was established. Second, the effects of different time-periods of hypoxia (2% O(2) ) on the osteogenic potential, mineralization and paracrine function of co-cultured PDLSCs were investigated. Third, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activities of PDLSCs under hypoxia were measured by western blotting. Finally, we employed specific MAPK inhibitors (PD98059 and SB20350) to investigate the involvement of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in PDLSC osteogenesis under hypoxia. RESULTS We observed further increased osteogenic differentiation of co-cultured PDLSCs, manifested by markedly enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) levels, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Sp7 transcriptional and protein levels and mineralized nodule formation, compared with PDLSCs cultured alone. ERK1/2 was phosphorylated in a rapid but transient manner, whereas p38 MAPK was activated in a slow and sustained way under hypoxia. Furthermore, hypoxia-stimulated transcription and expression of osteogenic regulators (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, ALP, Runx2, Sp7, PGE(2) and VEGF) were also inhibited by PD98059 and SB203580 to different degrees. CONCLUSION Further increased osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of co-cultured PDLSCs under hypoxia were regulated by MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK pathways. And the ECs-mediated paracrine of PGE(2) and VEGF may facilitate the unidirectional PDLSC-EC communication and promote PDLSCs osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Song Z, Zhou W, Shu R, Ni J. Hypoxia induces apoptosis and autophagic cell death in human periodontal ligament cells through HIF-1α pathway. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:239-48. [PMID: 22429763 PMCID: PMC6496313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxygen deficiency caused by occlusal trauma and smoking can be present in patients with periodontitis. However, biochemical events important in periodontal tissues during hypoxia remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of hypoxia on apoptosis and autophagy of human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human PDLCs were obtained and cultured in vitro. Cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy and gene and protein expression were measured in presence and absence of cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)). RESULTS CoCl(2) induced cytotoxicity of human PDLCs in a concentration-dependent manner dependent on macromolecular synthesis, and resulted in apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. CoCl(2) also induced redistribution of autophagy marker LC3, increased ratio of LC3-IIto LC3-Iand function of lysosomes. Furthermore, CoCl(2) promoted expression of HIF-1α following upregulation of expressions of Bnip3. Significant increases in expression of IL-1β and MMP-8 were also observed. All these results were reversed by pre-treatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that CoCl(2) could induce cytotoxicity through mitochondria- apoptotic and autophagic pathways involved in HIF-1α. CoCl(2 -treated PDLCs may serve as an in vitro model for studies of molecular mechanisms in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z.‐C. Song
- Department of PeriodontologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghaiChina
| | - W. Zhou
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Medical SciencesShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - R. Shu
- Department of PeriodontologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghaiChina
| | - J. Ni
- Department of PeriodontologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghaiChina
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Xiao X, Li Y, Zhang G, Gao Y, Kong Y, Liu M, Tan Y. Detection of bacterial diversity in rat's periodontitis model under imitational altitude hypoxia environment. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 57:23-9. [PMID: 21840496 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral epidemiologic investigations in China western territory have showed that the immigrants in the plateau have a higher morbidity with periodontitis. To find the possible relationship between the pathogenesis of periodontitis and altitude hypoxia, we designed a periodontitis rat model via housed in low pressure oxygen chamber and investigated the bacterial diversity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). DESIGN Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into CON-normal, CON-hypoxia, EXP-normal and EXP-hypoxia group, without or with periodontal induce, breeding in normal environment or altitude hypoxia environment. Periodontal parameters (including gingival index, GI, and tooth mobility, TM) were measured after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks; periodontal samples were collected for histological analysis after rats were sacrificed at the 8th week. The 16S rDNA of bacteria in GCF was amplified by PCR at the 8th week, and separated by the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approach. RESULTS EXP-hypoxia group's GI and TM showed later and more severe periodontal tissue damage than EXP-normal (p<0.05 or 0.01). The histologic analyses did not find any pathologic difference between EXP-hypoxia and EXP-normal groups except for a slight difference on the lesion degree. By the DGGE analyses, the bacteria of five samples in the same group showed high concordance, but the bacteria in the different groups showed a great diversity. CONCLUSION The course of periodontitis in altitude hypoxia environment is later than normal, but the degree of periodontal lesion was more severe and microbial community in GCF can be affected by the altitude hypoxia environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xiao
- The First Outpatient Department of Chengdu Military District Institution, Chengdu Army General Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
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Chae HS, Park HJ, Hwang HR, Kwon A, Lim WH, Yi WJ, Han DH, Kim YH, Baek JH. The effect of antioxidants on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and orthodontic tooth movement. Mol Cells 2011; 32:189-96. [PMID: 21574020 PMCID: PMC3887665 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic force causes gradual compression of the periodontal ligament tissues, which leads to local hypoxia in the compression side of the tissues. In this study, we investigated whether antioxidants exert a regulatory effect on two factors: the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) that were exposed to mechanical compression and hypoxia and the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Exposure of PDLFs to mechanical compression (0.5-3.0 g/cm(2)) or hypoxic conditions increased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Hypoxic treatment for 24 h increased the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in PDLFs. Resveratrol (10 nM) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 20 mM) diminished the transcriptional activity of hypoxiainducible factor-1 and hypoxia-induced expression of VEGF. Combined treatment with mechanical compression and hypoxia significantly increased the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and VEGF in PDLFs. These levels were suppressed by NAC and resveratrol. The maxillary first molars of rats were moved mesially for seven days using an orthodontic appliance. NAC decreased the amount of orthodontic tooth movement compared to the vehicle-treated group. The results from immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that NAC suppressed the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the periodontal ligament tissues compared to the vehicle-treated group. These results suggest that antioxidants have the potential to negatively regulate the rate of orthodontic tooth movement through the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the compression sides of periodontal ligament tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Sung Chae
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hyo Rin Hwang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Arang Kwon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Won-Hee Lim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Won Jin Yi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Han
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Oral Health Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
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Park HJ, Baek KH, Lee HL, Kwon A, Hwang HR, Qadir AS, Woo KM, Ryoo HM, Baek JH. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α directly induces the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Mol Cells 2011; 31:573-8. [PMID: 21533547 PMCID: PMC3887619 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-1055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement, local hypoxia and enhanced osteoclastogenesis are observed in the compression side of periodontal tissues. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is an osteoblast/stromal cell-derived factor that is essential for osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we examined the effect of hypoxia on RANKL expression in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) to investigate the relationship between local hypoxia and enhanced osteoclastogenesis in the compression side of periodontal tissues. Hypoxia significantly enhanced the levels of RANKL mRNA and protein as well as hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein in PDLFs. Constitutively active HIF-1α alone significantly increased the levels of RANKL expression in PDLFs under normoxic conditions, whereas dominant negative HIF-1α blocked hypoxia-induced RANKL expression. To investigate further whether HIF-1α directly regulates RANKL transcription, a luciferase reporter assay was performed using the reporter vector containing the RANKL promoter sequence. Exposure to hypoxia or overexpression of constitutively active HIF-1α significantly increased RANKL promoter activity, whereas dominant negative HIF-1α blocked hypoxia-induced RANKL promoter activity. Furthermore, mutations of putative HIF-1α binding elements in RANKL promoter prevented hypoxia-induced RANKL promoter activity. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that hypoxia or constitutively active HIF-1α increased the DNA binding of HIF-1α to RANKL promoter. These results suggest that HIF-1α mediates hypoxia-induced up-regulation of RANKL expression and that in compression side periodontal ligament, hypoxia enhances osteoclastogenesis, at least in part, via an increased RANKL expression in PDLFs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
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Mamalis AA, Cochran DL. The therapeutic potential of oxygen tension manipulation via hypoxia inducible factors and mimicking agents in guided bone regeneration. A review. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1466-75. [PMID: 21621191 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intraoral bone grafting is routinely employed for implant site development prior or simultaneously to implant placement. Bone graft consolidation is a complex biological process depending on the formation of blood vessels into the augmented area. It is highly regulated by the angiogenesis and osteogenesis coupling phenomenon. The vascular system apart from supplying nutrients and oxygen to the developing and regenerating bone, also delivers critical signals which stimulate mesenchymal cell differentiation towards an osteogenic phenotype. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) and mimicking agents (HMAs) (or alternatively HIF stabilizing agents) are considered to act as key stimulators of blood vessel formation. Under normoxia, HIFs are rapidly degraded. However, their degradation is prevented under hypoxia, which in turn, triggers angiogenesis. Hence, the major role of HMAs is to prevent degradation of HIFs under normoxic conditions. Recent studies suggest that HIFs and HMAs trigger the initiation and promotion of angiogenic-osteogenic cascade events. In vitro and animal studies involving genetic manipulation of individual components of the HIFs and HMAs have provided clues to how angiogenic-osteogenic coupling is achieved. Evidence from preclinical studies further suggests that topical application of HMAs enhance angiogenesis in intraoral augmented sites. In this article, we review the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for angiogenic-osteogenic coupling. We also discuss the therapeutic manipulation of HIFs and HMAs in intraoral bone repair and regeneration. Such discoveries suggest promising approaches for the development of novel therapies to improve intraoral bone repair and regeneration procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios A Mamalis
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas, Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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Chen FM, Jin Y. Periodontal tissue engineering and regeneration: current approaches and expanding opportunities. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:219-55. [PMID: 19860551 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The management of periodontal tissue defects that result from periodontitis represents a medical and socioeconomic challenge. Concerted efforts have been and still are being made to accelerate and augment periodontal tissue and bone regeneration, including a range of regenerative surgical procedures, the development of a variety of grafting materials, and the use of recombinant growth factors. More recently, tissue-engineering strategies, including new cell- and/or matrix-based dimensions, are also being developed, analyzed, and employed for periodontal regenerative therapies. Tissue engineering in periodontology applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological techniques that can restore lost alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and root cementum. It is based on an understanding of the role of periodontal formation and aims to grow new functional tissues rather than to build new replacements of periodontium. Although tissue engineering has merged to create more opportunities for predictable and optimal periodontal tissue regeneration, the technique and design for preclinical and clinical studies remain in their early stages. To date, the reconstruction of small- to moderate-sized periodontal bone defects using engineered cell-scaffold constructs is technically feasible, and some of the currently developed concepts may represent alternatives for certain ideal clinical scenarios. However, the predictable reconstruction of the normal structure and functionality of a tooth-supporting apparatus remains challenging. This review summarizes current regenerative procedures for periodontal healing and regeneration and explores their progress and difficulties in clinical practice, with particular emphasis placed upon current challenges and future possibilities associated with tissue-engineering strategies in periodontal regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Abstract
Although O(2) concentrations are considerably lowered in vivo, depending on the tissue and cell population in question (some cells need almost anoxic environment for their maintenance) the cell and tissue cultures are usually performed at atmospheric O(2) concentration (20-21%). As an instructive example, the relationship between stem cells and micro-environmental/culture oxygenation has been recapitulated. The basic principle of stem cell biology, "the generation-age hypothesis," and hypoxic metabolic properties of stem cells are considered in the context of the oxygen-dependent evolution of life and its transposition to ontogenesis and development. A hypothesis relating the self-renewal with the anaerobic and hypoxic metabolic properties of stem cells and the actual O(2) availability is elaborated ("oxygen stem cell paradigm"). Many examples demonstrated that the cellular response is substantially different at atmospheric O(2) concentration when compared to lower O(2) concentrations which better approximate the physiologic situation. These lower O(2) concentrations, traditionally called "hypoxia" represent, in fact, an in situ normoxia, and should be used in experimentation to get an insight of the real cell/cytokine physiology. The revision of our knowledge on cell/cytokine physiology, which has been acquired ex vivo at non physiological atmospheric (20-21%) O(2) concentrations representing a hyperoxic state for most primate cells, has thus become imperious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Ivanovic
- Aquitaine-Limousin Branch of French Blood Institute, Bordeaux, France.
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