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Okeafor CU, Esu I. Spectrum of substance use precipitating rehabilitative services among adult patients in the university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:714-723. [PMID: 38357179 PMCID: PMC10862572 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i3.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background World Health Organization ranks substance abuse as one of the top twenty health risk factors. It poses a serious public health crisis with a significant burden for affected individuals, families and health systems. This study aimed to identify the spectrum and pattern of substance use among patients receiving rehabilitative services. Methods The study was a cross-sectional design involving 190 patients receiving rehabilitative care for substance use in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), a validated and reliable tool was employed to obtain data on substance use. Statistical analyses were performed at P<0.05. Results The male to female ratio was 4:1. A higher proportion of the patients were within 18-35years category (81.6%; n=155). The commonly used substances were alcohol (90.5%; n=172), cannabis/marijuana (43.7%; n=83), prescription opioids (28.9%; n=55). cigarette (25.8%; n=49), and street opioids (15.8%; n=30). The prevalence of poly substance use was 68.4%(n=130). Age(p=0.033) and sex (being male) (p=0.002) were predictors for number of substances used. Conclusion Almost all the patients receiving drug rehabilitative service used alcohol, and approximately 7 in 10 used more than one substance. The need to inculcate harm reduction in the management protocol is therefore paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Esu
- Federal Ministry of Health, Department of Public Health
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2
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Ilic I, Ilic M. Opium consumption and pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 81:102287. [PMID: 36347214 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer represents a serious public health problem worldwide. Due to its high mortality, efforts on identifying risk factors are very important since only a few risk-related factors have been well established. The present study aimed to address this knowledge gap by estimating the risk of pancreatic cancer associated with opium use. We performed a thorough literature search of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, which yielded 3 case-control and 1 cohort study which were included in the analysis. A meta-analysis was conducted using the DerSimonian and Laird inverse-variance approach as the random effects method. The pooled risk ratio for pancreatic cancer in opium users was significantly increased (RR=1.98, 95 % CI 1.33-2.96, p = 0.0008) compared to never users. Subgroup analyses identified a significantly increased risk for pancreatic cancer in men (RR=1.74, 95 % CI 1.22-2.47, p = 0.002), in persons who consumed both raw teriak and refined shireh opium (RR=4.21, 95 % 1.27-13.93, p = 0.02) and in persons who smoked opium (RR=4.21, 95 % 1.27-13.93, p = 0.02). The findings of this study will help in efforts aimed at prevention of pancreatic cancer. Still, further epidemiological research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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3
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Merghati Khoei E, Mohraz M, Mohammadi S, Brady KT, Killeen T, Korte JE, Rezaei Z. Gender differences in sexual risk behaviors among population with substance use disorders, Iran. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2098843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Effat Merghati Khoei
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Mohraz
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi
- Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kathleen T. Brady
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Therese Killeen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Korte
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zahed Rezaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
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4
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Rostam-Abadi Y, Gholami J, Amin-Esmaeili M, Baheshmat S, Hamzehzadeh M, Rafiemanesh H, Nasserbakht M, Ghalichi L, Safarcherati A, Taremian F, Mojtabai R, Rahimi-Movaghar A. Evidence for an increase in cannabis use in Iran - A systematic review and trend analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256563. [PMID: 34460847 PMCID: PMC8404985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance globally. In this systematic review, we examined the prevalence and trends of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in Iran. METHODS We searched International and Iranian databases up to March 2021. Pooled prevalence of use among sex subgroups of the general population, university and high school students, combined youth groups, and high-risk groups was estimated through random-effects model. Trends of various use indicators and national seizures were examined. RESULTS Ninety studies were included. The prevalence estimates of last 12-month cannabis use were 1.3% (95%CI: 0.1-3.6) and 0.2% (95%CI: 0.1-0.3) among the male and female Iranian general population, respectively. The prevalence of cannabis use disorder among general population in national studies rose from 0% in 2001 to 0.5% in 2011. In the 2016-2020 period, the pooled prevalence estimates of last 12-month cannabis use were 4.9% (95% CI: 3.4-6.7) and 0.3% (95% CI: 0.0-1.3) among males and females of "combined youth groups", respectively. The linear trend of last 12-month cannabis use among males of "combined youth groups" and among female university students increased significantly from 2000 to 2020. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of cannabis use in Iran is low compared to many countries. However, there is strong evidence of an increase in cannabis use among the youth and some evidence for an increase in cannabis use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasna Rostam-Abadi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaleh Gholami
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Mental Health Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shahab Baheshmat
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Hamzehzadeh
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Rafiemanesh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Nasserbakht
- Mental Health Research Center, Tehran Psychiatry Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Ghalichi
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anousheh Safarcherati
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Taremian
- Substance Abuse and Dependence research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Mojtabai
- Mental Health Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Exploring the Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cognitive Functions and Mental Health Status in Subjects Under Methadone Maintenance Treatment. J Addict Med 2021; 14:18-25. [PMID: 31145174 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D deficiency may be linked to several mental complications including cognitive deficits, depression, and anxiety in patients under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). This study was designed to explore the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cognitive functions and mental health parameters in subjects under MMT. METHODS This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out among 64 patients under MMT. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either 50,000 IU vitamin D supplements (n = 32) or placebo (n = 32) every 2 weeks for 24 weeks. Cognitive functions and mental health parameters were taken at baseline and posttreatment to evaluate relevant variables. RESULTS After the 24-week intervention, compared with the placebo, serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels significantly increased in participants who received vitamin D supplements (β 14.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13.17-15.83; P < 0.001). In addition, compared with the placebo, subjects who received vitamin D had a significant reduction in Iowa Gambling Task (β -6.25; 95% CI, -8.60 to -3.90; P < 0.001), and significant increases in Verbal Fluency Test (β 2.82; 95% CI, 0.78-4.86; P = 0.007), Immediate Logic Memory (β 1. 32; 95% CI, 0.27-2.37; P = 0.01), Reverse Digit Span (β 2.06; 95% CI, 1.18-2.94; P < 0.001) and visual working memory (β 0.75; 95% CI, 0.33-1.16; P = 0.001). Also, vitamin D supplementation significantly improved BDI (β -2.76; 95% CI, -3.97 to -1.55; P < 0.001) compared with the placebo. When we applied Bonferroni correction, LM-Immediate (P = 0.07) became nonsignificant, and other mental health parameters did not alter. CONCLUSIONS Overall, taking 50,000 IU vitamin D supplements every 2 weeks for 24 weeks by patients under MMT had beneficial effects on cognitive functions and some mental health parameters. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Ghaderi A, Eghtesadi R, Esmaili-Shahzade-Ali-Akbari P, Shahmirzaei F, Banafsheh H. Evaluation of thallium levels in opioid substance users: A case–control study. INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_109_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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7
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Paknahad S, Akhgari M, Ghadipasha M. An alarming rise in the prevalence of deaths with methamphetamine involved in Tehran, Iran 2011-2018. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2020; 17:208-215. [PMID: 33237521 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-020-00339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is one of the most commonly abused illicit drugs in Iran. Despite this fact, there has been relatively little research on methamphetamine-associated deaths in Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the cause of death in methamphetamine positive cases based on forensic toxicology findings In this data base descriptive study, individuals with methamphetamine-associated deaths that were referred to the Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran (2011-2018) were assessed. Deaths including those from natural causes, toxicity, accident and suicides with positive forensic toxicology analyses for methamphetamine and its metabolite amphetamine in postmortem samples were investigated. All cases were examined to determine trends in methamphetamine-associated deaths, and in the manner and causes of deaths. During the eight year study there were 1389 methamphetamine-associated deaths. The mean age was 37.47±10.87 years, with a male/female ratio of 12.36:10. The methamphetamine-associated death rate increased significantly during the study period (2.05 vs. 21.93 per 106 Tehran province populations). The most common cause of death was cardiac arrest due to stimulant abuse with supportive histologic findings of acute myocardial infarction, myocardial fiber hypertrophy, aortic dissection and perivascular fibrosis (25%). Opioids (methadone, tramadol and morphine), tricyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines were frequently present in postmortem samples of study cases. Methamphetamine-associated deaths significantly contribute to illicit drug-associated deaths in Tehran and represent a substantial clinical and public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Paknahad
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akhgari
- Forensic Toxicology Department, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Ghadipasha
- Forensic Toxicology Department, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Paknahad S, Akhgari M, Ghadipasha M. An alarming rise in the prevalence of deaths with methamphetamine involved in Tehran, Iran 2011-2018. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-020-00339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Abbaszadeh-Mashkani S, Hoque SS, Banafshe HR, Ghaderi A. The effect of crocin (the main active saffron constituent) on the cognitive functions, craving, and withdrawal syndrome in opioid patients under methadone maintenance treatment. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1486-1494. [PMID: 33078480 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Individuals under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programs are susceptible to several complications, including withdrawal syndrome, craving, and cognitive deficits. This study was designed to elevate the effect of crocin administration on withdrawal syndrome, craving, and cognitive function in subjects under MMT programs. It was a clinical trial that was conducted among 60 patients referred to Soltan Mirahmad Clinic for addict patients in Kashan, Iran. The patients were allocated to two groups including placebo and intervention groups. The intervention group received 30 mg/day crocin (n = 30) and placebo (n = 30) once a day, in 12 weeks. Withdrawal syndrome, craving, and cognitive function parameters were measured before and after the intervention in subjects under MMT programs. Compared with the placebo group, crocin resulted in a significant improvement in craving score (p = .03), and withdrawal symptoms score (p = .01) in the intervention group. In addition, crocin supplementation did not affect cognitive function parameters (e.g., TMT, FAS test, and DGSP score). Overall, crocin supplementation for 12 weeks to patients under MMT programs had beneficial effects on craving and withdrawal symptoms score, but did not affect the cognitive function parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Abbaszadeh-Mashkani
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit-Matini/Kargarnejad Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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10
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Farook Mİ, İlhan MN, Koçak C. Determination of epidemiological characteristics of addicts treated in drug addiction clinics in Kabul. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:1063-1082. [PMID: 33054629 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1824842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
According to the Afghanistan Ministry of Health, 3.5 million people use drugs, 2.4 million of which are regular users. In this cross-sectional study, it was aimed to determine epidemiological characteristics of addicts in a treatment center in Kabul. Eight hundred people were included. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 22.0. The average age was 30.74 years, 88.9% were male, and 50.6% were married. Further, 35.9% have never been trained, 60.5% of participants were living in urban areas, 62.8% were refugees, 17.5% were unemployed, and 30.3% of them had monthly income below 147.1 USD. The average age of starting substance use was 19.9 years. "Friendship environment" was the leading reason to start (36.6%), followed by "reduce troubles" with 22.3%. The most preferred substance was cannabis (46.0%), followed by opium (25.3%) and heroin (17.0%). Heroin was the most commonly used substance lifelong (87.1%), followed by cannabis (66.3%) and opium (65.5%). When compared to individuals younger than 18, heroin use rates were 3.52 times higher in the 18-to-30 age range, 5.49 times higher in the 31-to-45 age range, and 1.86 times higher in urban residents than rural. Cannabis use was 12.24 times more among men than women, 2.79 times higher among divorced or widowed individuals than singles, 1.68 times higher among refugees than non-refugees, and 2.26 times higher among drug traffickers than non-traffickers. Opium use was 1.63 times higher for refugees than non-refugees and 3.24 times higher in those who worked in drug fields than those who did not. Periodic assessment of prevalence of drug use and the establishment of drug use monitoring systems are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad İsmail Farook
- Public Health Doctorate Program, Gazi University Graduate School of Health Science, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Necmi İlhan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemal Koçak
- General Directorate of Public Health, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Cross-cultural Applicability of the 12-Step Model: A Comparison of Narcotics Anonymous in the USA and Iran. J Addict Med 2020; 13:493-499. [PMID: 30939500 PMCID: PMC6846120 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Narcotics Anonymous (NA), a nonprofessional 12-step fellowship for people seeking recovery from addiction, reports 27,677 meetings in the USA, where it was founded, but there is limited literature on its adaptability cross-culturally. We studied NA within the Islamic Republic of Iran to ascertain its relative adaptation in a different cultural setting.
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12
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Sadeghi Bimorgh M, Omidi A, Ghoreishi FS, Rezaei Ardani A, Ghaderi A, Banafshe HR. The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Relapse, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients With Opioid Dependence Under Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A Pilot Study. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:401. [PMID: 32308624 PMCID: PMC7145941 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Patients under methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) are susceptible to several complications including mental disturbances and risk of relapse. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of tDCS on relapse, depression, and anxiety of opioid-dependent patients under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Methods It was a randomized-clinical trial that conducted among 27 male patients referred to the outpatient addiction clinic of Ibn-e-Sina psychiatric hospital in Mashhad from July 2018 to May 2019. Participants were allocated to two treatment groups including intervention and sham groups. The intervention group received seven sessions of tDCS, in the F3 (cathode) and F4 (anode) areas of the brain, each one lasts 20 min, in two consecutive weeks. Depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) were measured before, during, and after the intervention in patients under MMT. Relapse on the morphine, cannabis, and methamphetamine was screened by urine dipstick tests of morphine, cannabis, and methamphetamine. Results Depression, anxiety, and stress of participants were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared with the control after the seventh session of tDCS (P < 0.001, P=0.01, and P=0.01, respectively). In addition, the relapse rate showed no significant changes between the two groups (P=0.33). Conclusion Overall, our study demonstrated that depression, anxiety, and stress of participants were significantly reduced after the seventh session of tDCS, but did not affect on the relapse rate. Therefore, it can be applied as a safe and effective technique to relieve mental disorder among receiving MMT. Clinical Trial Registration http://www.irct.ir, identifier IRCT20180604039979N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadeghi Bimorgh
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Omidi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Ghoreishi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Matini/Kargarnejad Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Rezaei Ardani
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit, Matini/Kargarnejad Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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13
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Oveisi S, Stein LAR, Babaeepour E, Araban M. The impact of motivational interviewing on relapse to substance use among women in Iran: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:157. [PMID: 32272923 PMCID: PMC7147038 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women in Iran are in great need of effective substance abuse services. The current study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) for women in treatment for drug use in Iran. METHOD The sample (N = 60) included women in a drug treatment center in Qazvin (Iran) from August to December of 2017. The research sample included 60 female drug users randomly assigned to MI or Standard Care (SC). Prior to randomization women completed a baseline questionnaire and the Relapse Prediction Scale (RPS), which measures desire (urge) to use and probability of using/not using in risky situations (self-efficacy). MI consisted of eight 60-min group sessions over a 1-month period, twice weekly. At 2-months follow-up, data were gathered using a questionnaire similar to baseline. Mixed Model Analysis were used to determine group differences. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 30 years and average addiction duration was 7 years. Although the scores of the desire to use and the probability of drug use were not significant before the intervention, after the intervention, scores on desire to use and probability of use improved about 81.1% (F: 2230.15, P < 0.001, degrees of freedom: 63, 15) and 81.9%, (F: 749.39, P < 0.001, degrees of freedom: 79, 77), respectively, compared to those of control group. CONCLUSION The results showed that motivational interviewing could decrease desire to use and probability of use among female drug users. Motivational interviewing could play an important role in improving women's health in Iran. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT registration number: IRCT20140907019077N4 Registration date: 2017-12-12, 1396/09/21 Registration timing: registered_while_recruiting Last update: 2017-12-12, 1396/09/21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Oveisi
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Metabolic Disease Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - L. A. R. Stein
- grid.20431.340000 0004 0416 2242Psychology Department, University of RI, Kingston, RI USA ,grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Behavioral & Social Sciences Department, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI USA ,RI Training School, Cranston, RI USA ,grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Center for Prisoner Health & Human Rights, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI USA
| | - Elham Babaeepour
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XDepartment of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Marzieh Araban
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Public Health School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Huhn AS, Berry MS, Dunn KE. Review: Sex-Based Differences in Treatment Outcomes for Persons With Opioid Use Disorder. Am J Addict 2019; 28:246-261. [PMID: 31131505 PMCID: PMC6591072 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In order to address the current opioid crisis, research on treatment outcomes for persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) should account for biological factors that could influence individual treatment response. Women and men might have clinically meaningful differences in their experience in OUD treatment and might also have unique challenges in achieving successful, long-term recovery. This review summarizes and synthesizes the current literature on sex-based differences in OUD treatment outcomes. METHODS Relevant literature was identified via automated and manual searches using the terms "opioid treatment outcome sex [or gender] differences" and "opiate treatment outcome sex [or gender] differences." Search methodology was consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and were conducted within the PubMed electronic database during March and April of 2018. RESULTS The initial PubMed search yielded 241 manuscripts and 31 original research articles that met inclusion/exclusion criteria were synthesized in this review. Several important trends emerged, including findings that women are more likely than men to present to treatment with co-occurring mental health conditions such as depression, and that women might respond particularly well to buprenorphine maintenance. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS While much of the literature on this topic is subject to potential cohort effects, interventions that address co-occurring mental health conditions and psychosocial stress might improve treatment outcomes for women with OUD. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Funding agencies and researchers should focus attention toward human laboratory studies and clinical trials that are prospectively designed to assess sex-based differences in OUD recovery. (Am J Addict 2019;28:246-261).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Huhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Meredith S. Berry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, and Department of Psychology, University of Florida
| | - Kelly E. Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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15
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Mental health and cognitive function responses to quetiapine in patients with methamphetamine abuse under methadone maintenance treatment. J Affect Disord 2019; 251:235-241. [PMID: 30928863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with methamphetamine (MA) abuse under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) are susceptible to several complications including cognitive disturbance and mental health disorder. This trial was designed to determine the impacts of quetiapine administration on cognitive function and mental health scale in patients with MA abuse under MMT. METHODS This study was carried out in 60 MA abusers under MMT. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either 100 mg quetiapine (n = 30) or control (n = 30) daily for 8 weeks. Cognitive function and mental health scale were taken at baseline and post-treatment to evaluate relevant variables. RESULTS Quetiapine significantly decreased depression (b -3.94; 95% CI, -7.73, -0.16; P = 0.04) and sleep disorder (b -2.18; 95% CI, -2.89, -1.47; P < 0.001). Also, quetiapine administration resulted in a significant reduction in Iowa Gambling Task (b -2.70; 95% CI, -4.69, -0.71; P = 0.009), and significant increases in Verbal Fluency Test (b 3.04; 95% CI, 1.24, 4.85; P = 0.001), Reverse Digit Span (b 2.80; 95% CI, 2.13, 3.47; P = 0.001) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSION Overall, taking 100 mg quetiapine daily for 8 weeks by patients MA abuse in MMT had favorable effects on some of cognitive functions and mental health parameters.
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Drug-induced prolonged corrected QT interval in patients with methadone and opium overdose. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2019; 14:8. [PMID: 30786894 PMCID: PMC6383250 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-019-0196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iran is a country with the highest rate of opioid addiction in the world. The most commonly used opioid in Iran is opium, and methadone is in second place. The trend of drug use has changed from opium to methadone from 2006 to 2011. Presence of a large number of addicted people and methadone maintenance therapy clinics make methadone readily available in Iran. Therefore, evaluation of the epidemiological characteristic of methadone toxicity and its effects on the heart is essential. METHODS In This cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, analytical study all patients with methadone or opium toxicity who had been admitted to Vasei hospital, Sabzevar, Iran, during the years 2015 and 2016 were included, and their records were evaluated. Demographic data, addiction history, underlying diseases, and the outcome of admission were recorded. Then, corrected QT interval (QTc) of the first ECG of the patients after admission was evaluated. RESULTS The Majority of toxicities occurred in those above 30 years of age (71.4%), who lived in cities (62.8%), and were married (69.2%). A positive history of addiction was considerably higher in the opium group (72.3% versus 43.3%). There was no significant difference regarding QTc prolongation between patients with methadone and opium toxicity (p = 0.3). CONCLUSION QTc prolongation is one of the adverse effects of methadone or opium overdose. It seems that significant QTc prolongation is not uncommon among patients with opium overdose.
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Noori R, Pashaei T, Panjvini S, Khoshravesh S. Treatment needs of drug users: The perspective of Iranian women. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2018.1562573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Noori
- Health Education and Health Promotion, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Tahereh Pashaei
- Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Susan Panjvini
- School Nursing & Midwify School, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Massah O, Moradi A. The Prevalence of Methamphetamine Dependence among Iranian Women in Methadone Maintenance Therapy in Tehran, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2018; 13:10-14. [PMID: 29892312 PMCID: PMC5994228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To date, there has been no specific survey of the prevalence of methamphetamine (MA) dependence among Iranian women in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). The current study aimed at addressing this critical gap in the literature. Method: This study was part of a larger cross-sectional survey, which was conducted in 36 MMT clinics in Tehran during 2015 and 2016. A researcher-designed questionnaire was devised to collect data on demographics and drug and treatment characteristics. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 19. Results: Overall, 307 women were in the study sites. Of them, 275 were MA dependent (89.5%) while in MMT. The mean age of the participants, who were MA-dependent, was 38 years. Age of MA dependence was 30 years, and duration of MA dependence was 7years. However, only 24.3% of the participants were currently in MA treatment (i.e. Matrix Model). This was accompanied with high rates of psychiatric hospitalization (29.4%), anxiety (33.4%), and depression (50.9%) because of long years of untreated MA dependence. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of untreated MA dependence and its adverse health impacts among the participants. However, no considerable treatment for MA dependence had been received by the participants. Psychosocial treatments should address MA dependence in MMT in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Massah
- Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Address: Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Koodakyar St., Daneshjoo Blvd,. Evin, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2122180097, Fax: +98-2122180095
| | - Afsaneh Moradi
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran
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