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Singh VK, Rajak N, Singh Y, Singh AK, Giri R, Garg N. Role of MicroRNA-21 in Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:4795-4808. [PMID: 38758485 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The role of noncoding RNA has made remarkable progress in understanding progression, metastasis, and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A better understanding of the miRNAs has enhanced our knowledge of their targeting mainly at the therapy level in solid tumors, such as prostate cancer (PCa). microRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of endogenous RNA that deficit encoded proteins. Therefore, the role of miRNAs has been well-coined in the progression and development of PCa. miR-21 has a dual nature in its work both as a tumor suppressor and oncogenic role, but most of the recent studies showed that miR-21 is a tumor promoter and also is involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Upregulation of miR-21 suppresses programmed cell death and inducing metastasis and castration resistant in PCa. miR-21 is involved in the different stages, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion, and plays an important role in the progression, metastasis, and advanced stages of PCa. Recently, various studies directly linked the role of high levels of miR-21 with a poor therapeutic response in the patient of PCa. In the present review, we have explained the molecular mechanisms/pathways of miR-21 in PCa progression, metastasis, and castration resistant and summarized the role of miR-21 in diagnosis and therapeutic levels in PCa. In addition, we have spotlighted the recent therapeutic strategies for targeting different stages of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipendra Kumar Singh
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., DC, USA
| | - Naina Rajak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Yashasvi Singh
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- University Department of Botany Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India.
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2
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Han X, Zhao L, Xiang W, Wang M, Miao B, Qin C, McEachern D, Lu J, Wang Y, Metwally H, Kirchhoff P, Wang L, Matvekas A, Takyi-Williams J, Wen B, Sun D, Ator M, Mckean R, Wang S. Discovery of ARD-2051 as a Potent and Orally Efficacious Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) Degrader of Androgen Receptor for the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:8822-8843. [PMID: 37382562 PMCID: PMC10568492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of ARD-2051 as a potent and orally efficacious androgen receptor (AR) proteolysis-targeting chimera degrader. ARD-2051 achieves DC50 values of 0.6 nM and Dmax >90% in inducing AR protein degradation in both the LNCaP and VCaP prostate cancer cell lines, potently and effectively suppresses AR-regulated genes, and inhibits cancer cell growth. ARD-2051 achieves a good oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile in mouse, rat, and dog. A single oral dose of ARD-2051 strongly reduces AR protein and suppresses AR-regulated gene expression in the VCaP xenograft tumor tissue in mice. Oral administration of ARD-2051 effectively inhibits VCaP tumor growth and causes no signs of toxicity in mice. ARD-2051 is a promising AR degrader for advanced preclinical development for the treatment of AR+ human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Han
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lijie Zhao
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Weiguo Xiang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bukeyan Miao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chong Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Donna McEachern
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hoda Metwally
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul Kirchhoff
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Aleksas Matvekas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John Takyi-Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mark Ator
- Oncopia Therapeutics Inc, 2 West Liberty Blvd. Malvern, PA 19355 USA
| | - Robert Mckean
- Oncopia Therapeutics Inc, 2 West Liberty Blvd. Malvern, PA 19355 USA
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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3
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Xu H, Liu J, Li X, Li J, Lin X, Li Z, Dou T, Gao L, Li R, Lai KP. Instrumental and transcriptome analysis reveals the chemotherapeutic effects of doxorubicin-loaded black phosphate nanosheets on abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106583. [PMID: 37163810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men and is common in most developed countries. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) that uses abiraterone acetate (AA) is an effective second-line treatment for prostate cancer. However, approximately 20-40% of patients develop primary resistance to abiraterone post-treatment. In this study, we aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of abiraterone resistance in prostate cancer cells and the potential use of black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS) for treating abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer. We first established abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer PC-3 cells and found that these cells have higher migration ability than normal prostate cancer cells. Using comparative transcriptomic and bioinformatics analyses between abiraterone-sensitive PC-3 and abiraterone-resistant PC-3 cells, we highlighted the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the biological processes related to prostate gland morphogenesis, drug response, immune response, angiogenesis. We further studied the therapeutic effects of BPNS. Our results show that BPNS reduced the proliferation and migration of abiraterone-resistant PC-3 cells. Bioinformatics analysis, including gene ontology, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis, and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) of the DEGs, suggested that BPNS treatment controlled cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and oncogenic signaling pathways. Furthermore, the IPA gene network highlighted the involvement of the MMP family, ATF, and notch families in the anti-prostate cancer function of BPNS. Our findings suggest that BPNS may have a chemotherapeutic function in treating abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Xu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Zhuowei Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Tong Dou
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China; Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China.
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China.
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Bergom HE, Shabaneh A, Day A, Ali A, Boytim E, Tape S, Lozada JR, Shi X, Kerkvliet CP, McSweeney S, Pitzen SP, Ludwig M, Antonarakis ES, Drake JM, Dehm SM, Ryan CJ, Wang J, Hwang J. ALAN is a computational approach that interprets genomic findings in the context of tumor ecosystems. Commun Biol 2023; 6:417. [PMID: 37059746 PMCID: PMC10104859 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene behavior is governed by activity of other genes in an ecosystem as well as context-specific cues including cell type, microenvironment, and prior exposure to therapy. Here, we developed the Algorithm for Linking Activity Networks (ALAN) to compare gene behavior purely based on patient -omic data. The types of gene behaviors identifiable by ALAN include co-regulators of a signaling pathway, protein-protein interactions, or any set of genes that function similarly. ALAN identified direct protein-protein interactions in prostate cancer (AR, HOXB13, and FOXA1). We found differential and complex ALAN networks associated with the proto-oncogene MYC as prostate tumors develop and become metastatic, between different cancer types, and within cancer subtypes. We discovered that resistant genes in prostate cancer shared an ALAN ecosystem and activated similar oncogenic signaling pathways. Altogether, ALAN represents an informatics approach for developing gene signatures, identifying gene targets, and interpreting mechanisms of progression or therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Bergom
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ashraf Shabaneh
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Abderrahman Day
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Atef Ali
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ella Boytim
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sydney Tape
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John R Lozada
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carlos Perez Kerkvliet
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sean McSweeney
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Samuel P Pitzen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Megan Ludwig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Justin M Drake
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Scott M Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Charles J Ryan
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Justin Hwang
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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5
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Ge Y, Zhan Z, Ye M, Jin X. The crosstalk between ubiquitination and endocrine therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:461-486. [PMID: 36961537 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy (ET), also known as hormone therapy, refers to the treatment of tumors by regulating and changing the endocrine environment and hormone levels. Its related mechanism is mainly through reducing hormone levels and blocking the binding of hormones to corresponding receptors, thus blocking the signal transduction pathway to stimulate tumor growth. However, with the application of ET, some patients show resistance to ET, which is attributed to abnormal accumulation of hormone receptors (HRs) and the production of multiple mutants of HRs. The targeted degradation of abnormal accumulation protein mediated by ubiquitination is an important approach that regulates the protein level and function of intracellular proteins in eukaryotes. Here, we provide a brief description of the traditional and novel drugs available for ET in this review. Then, we introduce the link between ubiquitination and ET. In the end, we elaborate the clinical application of ET combined with ubiquitination-related molecules. KEY MESSAGES: • A brief description of the traditional and novel drugs available for endocrine therapy (ET). • The link between ubiquitination and ET. • The clinical application of ET combined with ubiquitination-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Ge
- The Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Ziqing Zhan
- The Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Meng Ye
- The Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- The Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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Chen X, Wang Q, Pan Y, Wang S, Li Y, Zhang H, Xu M, Zhou H, Liu X. Comparative efficacy of second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors for treating prostate cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1134719. [PMID: 36967752 PMCID: PMC10034066 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1134719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors (SGARIs), namely enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide, are good for improving survival outcomes in prostate cancer patients, but some researchers have shown that using SGARIs increases side effects, which complicates clinicians' choice of. Therefore, we performed this network meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and toxicity of several SGARIs in the treatment of patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases from January 2000 to December 2022 to identify randomized controlled studies associated with SGARIs. We use Stata 16.0 and R 4.4.2 for data analysis, hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the results. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 7 studies with a total of 9488 patients. In mHSPC, enzalutamide and darolutamide had a positive effect on overall survival (OS) (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59-0.82), but we did not find a difference in their efficacy to improve OS (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.75-1.89). Also in nmCRPC, enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide were beneficial for metastasis-free survival (MFS) (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.25-0.41). Compared to darolutamide, enzalutamide (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and apalutamide (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51-0.91) prolonged MFS, but there was no difference in efficacy between enzalutamide and apalutamide (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.73-1.28). Finally in mCRPC, there was no significant difference in indirect effects on OS between pre- and post-chemotherapy enzalutamide (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.70-1.13). However, using enzalutamide before chemotherapy to improve radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) was a better option (HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.62-2.73). CONCLUSION The SGARIs used in each trial were beneficial for the primary endpoint in the study. Firstly there was no significant difference in the effect of enzalutamide and darolutamide in improving OS in patients with mHSPC. Secondly improving MFS in patients with nmCRPC was best achieved with enzalutamide and apalutamide. In addition both pre- and post-chemotherapy use of enzalutamide was beneficial for OS in mCRPC patients, but for improving rPFS pre-chemotherapy use of enzalutamide should be preferred.The INPLASY registration number of this systematic review is INPLASY202310084.
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Marklund M, Schultz N, Friedrich S, Berglund E, Tarish F, Tanoglidi A, Liu Y, Bergenstråhle L, Erickson A, Helleday T, Lamb AD, Sonnhammer E, Lundeberg J. Spatio-temporal analysis of prostate tumors in situ suggests pre-existence of treatment-resistant clones. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5475. [PMID: 36115838 PMCID: PMC9482614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer remain poorly understood, with intratumoral heterogeneity a likely contributing factor. To examine the temporal aspects of resistance, we analyze tumor heterogeneity in needle biopsies collected before and after treatment with androgen deprivation therapy. By doing so, we are able to couple clinical responsiveness and morphological information such as Gleason score to transcriptome-wide data. Our data-driven analysis of transcriptomes identifies several distinct intratumoral cell populations, characterized by their unique gene expression profiles. Certain cell populations present before treatment exhibit gene expression profiles that match those of resistant tumor cell clusters, present after treatment. We confirm that these clusters are resistant by the localization of active androgen receptors to the nuclei in cancer cells post-treatment. Our data also demonstrates that most stromal cells adjacent to resistant clusters do not express the androgen receptor, and we identify differentially expressed genes for these cells. Altogether, this study shows the potential to increase the power in predicting resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Marklund
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Niklas Schultz
- Division of Translational Medicine & Chemical Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Friedrich
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Science for Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Emelie Berglund
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Firas Tarish
- Division of Translational Medicine & Chemical Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna Tanoglidi
- Department of Pathology, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, Athens, Greece
| | - Yao Liu
- Division of Translational Medicine & Chemical Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ludvig Bergenstråhle
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Andrew Erickson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Division of Translational Medicine & Chemical Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alastair D Lamb
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Erik Sonnhammer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Science for Laboratory, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden.
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8
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Targeting Breast Cancer-Derived Stem Cells by Dietary Phytochemicals: A Strategy for Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122864. [PMID: 35740529 PMCID: PMC9221436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is heterogeneous disease with variable prognosis and therapeutic response. Approximately, 70% of diagnosed breast cancer represents the luminal A subtype. This subpopulation has a fair prognosis with a lower rate of relapse than the other clinical subtypes. Acquisition of stemness in luminal A subtype modifies the phenotype plasticity to accomplish increased aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, targeting luminal A-derived breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) could be a promising strategy for its prevention and treatment. Extensive studies reveal that dietary phytochemicals have the potential to target BCSCs by modulating the molecular and signal transduction pathways. Dietary phytochemicals alone or in combination with standard therapeutic modalities exert higher efficacy in targeting BCSCs through changes in stemness, self-renewal properties and hypoxia-related factors. These combinations offer achieving higher radio- and chemo- sensitization through alteration in the key signaling pathways such as AMPK, STAT3, NF-ĸB, Hedgehog, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Notch, GSK3β, and Wnt related to cancer stemness and drug resistance. In this review, we highlight the concept of targeting luminal A-derived BCSCs with dietary phytochemicals by summarizing the pathways and underlying mechanism(s) involved during therapeutic resistance.
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9
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Sommer U, Siciliano T, Ebersbach C, Beier AMK, Stope MB, Jöhrens K, Baretton GB, Borkowetz A, Thomas C, Erb HHH. Impact of Androgen Receptor Activity on Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031046. [PMID: 35162969 PMCID: PMC8835452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an essential molecular regulator of prostate cancer (PCa) progression coded by the FOLH1 gene. The PSMA protein has become an important factor in metastatic PCa diagnosis and radioligand therapy. However, low PSMA expression is suggested to be a resistance mechanism to PSMA-based imaging and therapy. Clinical studies revealed that androgen receptor (AR) inhibition increases PSMA expression. The mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of activation and inhibition of androgen signaling on PSMA expression levels in vitro and compared these findings with PSMA levels in PCa patients receiving systemic therapy. To this end, LAPC4, LNCaP, and C4-2 PCa cells were treated with various concentrations of the synthetic androgen R1881 and antiandrogens. Changes in FOLH1 mRNA were determined using qPCR. Open access databases were used for ChIP-Seq and tissue expression analysis. Changes in PSMA protein were determined using western blot. For PSMA staining in patients’ specimens, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed. Results revealed that treatment with the synthetic androgen R1881 led to decreased FOLH1 mRNA and PSMA protein. This effect was partially reversed by antiandrogen treatment. However, AR ChIP-Seq analysis revealed no canonical AR binding sites in the regulatory elements of the FOLH1 gene. IHC analysis indicated that androgen deprivation only resulted in increased PSMA expression in patients with low PSMA levels. The data demonstrate that AR activation and inhibition affects PSMA protein levels via a possible non-canonical mechanism. Moreover, analysis of PCa tissue reveals that low PSMA expression rates may be mandatory to increase PSMA by androgen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Sommer
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (U.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.)
| | - Tiziana Siciliano
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Celina Ebersbach
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (A.B.); (C.T.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alicia-Marie K. Beier
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (A.B.); (C.T.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Stope
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- UroFors Consortium (Natural Scientists in Urological Research), German Society of Urology, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (U.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.)
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (U.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Angelika Borkowetz
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Christian Thomas
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Holger H. H. Erb
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (A.B.); (C.T.)
- UroFors Consortium (Natural Scientists in Urological Research), German Society of Urology, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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10
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Prajapati KS, Shuaib M, Kushwaha PP, Singh AK, Kumar S. Identification of cancer stemness related miRNA(s) using integrated bioinformatics analysis and in vitro validation. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:446. [PMID: 34631347 PMCID: PMC8460704 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The stemness property of cells allows them to sustain their lineage, differentiation, proliferation, and regeneration. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs known to regulate the stemness property of cells by regulating the expression of stem cell signaling pathway proteins at mRNA level. Dysregulated miRNA expression and associated stem cell signaling pathways in normal stem cells give rise to cancer stem cells. Thus, the present study was aimed to identify the miRNAs involved in the regulation of major stem cell signaling pathways. The proteins (n = 36) involved in the signaling pathways viz., Notch, Wnt, JAK-STAT, and Hedgehog which is associated with the stemness property was taken into the consideration. The miRNAs, having binding sites for the targeted protein-encoding gene were predicted using an online tool (TargetScan) and the common miRNA among the test pathways were identified using Venn diagram analysis. A total of 22 common miRNAs (including 8 non-studied miRNAs) were identified which were subjected to target predictions, KEGG pathway, and gene ontology (GO) analysis to study their potential involvement in the stemness process. Further, we studied the clinical relevance of the non-studied miRNAs by performing the survival analysis and their expression levels in clinical breast cancer patients using the TCGA database. The identified miRNAs showed overall poor survival in breast cancer patients. The miR-6844 showed significantly high expression in various clinical subgroups of invasive breast cancer patients compared with the normal samples. The expression levels of identified miRNA(s) were validated in breast normal, luminal A, triple-negative, and stem cells in vitro models using qRT-PCR analysis. Further treatment with the phytochemical showed excellent down regulation of the lead miRNA. Overall the study first time reports the association of four miRNAs (miR-6791, miR-4419a, miR-4251 and miR-6844) with breast cancer stemness. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02994-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Development Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401 India
| | - Mohd Shuaib
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Development Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401 India
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Development Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401 India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Development Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401 India
| | - Shsahank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Development Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401 India
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Siciliano T, Simons IH, Beier AMK, Ebersbach C, Aksoy C, Seed RI, Stope MB, Thomas C, Erb HHH. A Systematic Comparison of Antiandrogens Identifies Androgen Receptor Protein Stability as an Indicator for Treatment Response. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:874. [PMID: 34575023 PMCID: PMC8468615 DOI: 10.3390/life11090874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiandrogen therapy is a primary treatment for patients with metastasized prostate cancer. Whilst the biologic mechanisms of antiandrogens have been extensively studied, the operating protocols used for the characterization of these drugs were not identical, limiting their comparison. Here, the antiandrogens Bicalutamide, Enzalutamide, Apalutamide, and Darolutamide were systematically compared using identical experimental setups. Androgen-dependent LNCaP and LAPC4 cells as well as androgen-independent C4-2 cells were treated with distinct concentrations of antiandrogens. Androgen receptor (AR)-mediated gene transactivation was determined using qPCR. Cell viability was measured by WST1 assay. Protein stability and AR localization were determined using western blot. Response to the tested antiandrogens across cellular backgrounds differed primarily in AR-mediated gene transactivation and cell viability. Antiandrogen treatment in LNCaP and LAPC4 cells resulted in AR protein level reduction, whereas in C4-2 cells marginal decreased AR protein was observed after treatment. In addition, AR downregulation was already detectable after 4 h, whereas reduced AR-mediated gene transactivation was not observed before 6 h. None of the tested antiandrogens displayed an advantage on the tested parameters within one cell line as opposed to the cellular background, which seems to be the primary influence on antiandrogen efficacy. Moreover, the results revealed a prominent role in AR protein stability. It is one of the first events triggered by antiandrogens and correlated with antiandrogen efficiency. Therefore, AR stability may surrogate antiandrogen response and may be a possible target to reverse antiandrogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Siciliano
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (I.H.S.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.E.); (C.A.); (C.T.)
| | - Ingo H. Simons
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (I.H.S.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.E.); (C.A.); (C.T.)
| | - Alicia-Marie K. Beier
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (I.H.S.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.E.); (C.A.); (C.T.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Celina Ebersbach
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (I.H.S.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.E.); (C.A.); (C.T.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cem Aksoy
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (I.H.S.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.E.); (C.A.); (C.T.)
| | - Robert I. Seed
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA;
| | - Matthias B. Stope
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- UroFors Consortium (Natural Scientists in Urological Research) of the German Society of Urology, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (I.H.S.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.E.); (C.A.); (C.T.)
| | - Holger H. H. Erb
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (I.H.S.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.E.); (C.A.); (C.T.)
- UroFors Consortium (Natural Scientists in Urological Research) of the German Society of Urology, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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