1
|
Elnegris HM, Abdelrahman AA, El-Roghy ES. The potential therapeutic effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on ileum injury of a rat sepsis model (histological and immunohistochemical study). Ultrastruct Pathol 2024; 48:274-296. [PMID: 38946300 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2024.2368011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis denotes a serious high mortality concern. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (MSC-exosomes) on the evolution of the animal model of sepsis. In this study, 36 rats were distributed into three groups, (I) controls, (II) LPS-treated, and (III) LPS+MSC-EVs. Sepsis was simulated by administering E. coli-LPS to the laboratory animals. Group III was given MSC-exosomes four hours after the LPS injection. Forty-eight hours later rats were sacrificed. Ileum samples were excised, and processed for the histological assessment, immunohistochemical identification of CD44, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Ileum homogenate was used to estimate tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) besides Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2). PCR was used for the detection of interleukin 1α (IL‑1α), and interleukin 17 (IL‑17). Statistical and morphometrical analysis was done. The LPS-treated group showed increased TNF-α, IL‑1α, IL‑17, and decreased COX 2. LPS administration led to cytoplasmic vacuolization of enterocytes, an increase in the vasculature, and cellular infiltrations invaded the lamina propria. There was a significant rise in goblet cells and the proportion of collagen fibers. Ultrastructurally, the enterocytes displayed nuclear irregularity, rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) dilatation, and increased mitochondria number. Sepsis induces a significant increase in iNOS and a decrease in CD44 immune expressions. LPS+MSC-EVs group restored normal ileum structure and revealed a significant elevation in CD44 and a reduction in iNOS immunoreactions. LPS-sepsis induced an obvious ileum inflammatory deterioration ameliorated by MSC-exosomes, mostly through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Elnegris
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Abdelrahman
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman S El-Roghy
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin el Kom, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang W, Jiang H, Wu G, Huang P, Wang H, An H, Liu S, Zhang W. The pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets in sepsis. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e418. [PMID: 38020710 PMCID: PMC10661353 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as "a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host systemic inflammatory and immune response to infection." At present, sepsis continues to pose a grave healthcare concern worldwide. Despite the use of supportive measures in treating traditional sepsis, such as intravenous fluids, vasoactive substances, and oxygen plus antibiotics to eradicate harmful pathogens, there is an ongoing increase in both the morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis during clinical interventions. Therefore, it is urgent to design specific pharmacologic agents for the treatment of sepsis and convert them into a novel targeted treatment strategy. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in sepsis, such as the inflammatory response, immune dysfunction, complement deactivation, mitochondrial damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, we highlight important targets involved in sepsis-related regulatory mechanisms, including GSDMD, HMGB1, STING, and SQSTM1, among others. We summarize the latest advancements in potential therapeutic drugs that specifically target these signaling pathways and paramount targets, covering both preclinical studies and clinical trials. In addition, this review provides a detailed description of the crosstalk and function between signaling pathways and vital targets, which provides more opportunities for the clinical development of new treatments for sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendan Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Faculty of PediatricsNational Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failurethe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Honghong Jiang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Faculty of PediatricsNational Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failurethe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Pengli Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haonan Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huazhasng An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanShandongChina
| | - Sanhong Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of PhytochemistrySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zha D, Yang Y, Huang X, Wang Z, Lin H, Yang L, Xu L, Wu Y, Huang H, Wang Y, Xin Z, Wu X, Xiao YF, Li TS, Deng KY, Xin HB, Qian Y. Nicaraven protects against endotoxemia-induced inflammation and organ injury through modulation of AMPK/Sirt1 signaling in macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 946:175666. [PMID: 36944380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxemia is a disease characterized by systemic inflammatory responses and organ injury caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infection, with high mortality. Nicaraven (AVS), a potent hydroxyl radical scavenger, has been proven to regulate the inflammatory response in tumors. To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of AVS in endotoxemia, mice were injected intraperitoneally with LPS to induce endotoxemia. AVS treatment significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, reduced neutrophil infiltration, attenuated multiple organ injury, and increased the survival rate in LPS-challenged mice. In the LPS-induced inflammatory model of macrophages, AVS inhibited macrophage activation, suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production, and inhibited the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, AVS treatment up-regulated silence information regulator transcript-1 (Sirt1) expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. AVS treatment activated the AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK)/Sirt1 signaling pathway and suppressed the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in macrophages exposed to LPS. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of AVS could be reversed by the AMPK, the Sirt1 inhibitor, or the histone deacetylase inhibitor. We confirmed that the AMPK inhibitor inhibited AVS-mediated AMPK/Sirt1 activation and NF-κB p65 acetylation. These results suggested that AVS alleviated endotoxemia by activating the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Zha
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yaqin Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Hongru Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Lingyi Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Luyan Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yijia Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Houda Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhaochen Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xuehan Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yun-Fei Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Yisong Qian
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee HH, Shin JS, Chung KS, Kim JM, Jung SH, Yoo HS, Hassan AHE, Lee JK, Inn KS, Lee S, Kim NJ, Lee KT. 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavone mitigates inflammatory responses by inhibiting LPS and TLR4/MD2 interaction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154553. [PMID: 36610153 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported the potential inhibitory activity of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. PURPOSE We investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of DHF in LPS-activated macrophages and evaluated its effect on LPS-induced septic shock in mice. METHODS To explore the anti-inflammatory effect of DHF, nitrite, PGE2, and cytokines were measured in vitro and in vivo experiments. In addition, to verify the molecular signaling pathway, quantitative real time-PCR, luciferase assay, nuclear extraction, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, molecular docking analysis, and myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2)-LPS binding assay were conducted. RESULTS DHF suppressed the LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) inactivation pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Importantly, molecular docking analysis and in vitro binding assays showed that DHF interacts with the hydrophobic pocket of MD2 and then interferes with the interaction between LPS and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). DHF inhibited LPS-induced oxidative stress by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Treatment of LPS-induced endotoxemia mice with DHF reduced the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators via the inactivation of NF-κB, AP-1, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in the lung tissue, thus increasing the survival rate. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data first time revealed the underlying mechanism of the DHF-dependent anti-inflammatory effect by preventing LPS from binding to the TLR4/MD2 complex. Therefore, DHF may be a possible anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwi-Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Seang-Hwan Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Inn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ruxolitinib Alleviates Uveitis Caused by Salmonella typhimurium Endotoxin. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071481. [PMID: 34361917 PMCID: PMC8307045 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is characterized by inflammatory lesions of intraocular structures. It is one of the important manifestations in patients with Reiter’s syndrome, an inflammatory arthritis, which is caused by enteric infection with bacteria, including Salmonella typhimurium. Corticosteroids remain the most frequently used therapies against uveitis associating with inflammatory arthritis. However, the long-term administration of steroids results in many side effects, and some uveitis patients do not respond to steroid treatment. Non-steroidal treatments are needed for uveitis patients. Our previous study found that Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib could suppress the expression of proinflammatory mediators in the ciliary body and iris. However, the impacts of ruxolitinib on ophthalmic features in uveitic eyes are still unknown. In this study, Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Compared with LPS-induced rats treated with water, ruxolitinib significantly attenuated the clinical manifestations, infiltrating cells and protein exudation in the aqueous humor, and retina–choroid thickening. Amplitudes of b-wave in both scotopic and photopic electroretinogram (ERG), and the amplitude of a-wave in scotopic ERG in EIU animals were alleviated by ruxolitinib. Collectively, we propose ruxolitinib could attenuate endotoxin-induced uveitis and rescue visual functions in rats by inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 pathway.
Collapse
|
6
|
Heimfarth L, Serafini MR, Martins-Filho PR, Quintans JDSS, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Drug repurposing and cytokine management in response to COVID-19: A review. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106947. [PMID: 32919216 PMCID: PMC7457938 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an aggressive disease that attacks the respiratory tract and has a higher fatality rate than seasonal influenza. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis, and no specific therapy or drug has been formally recommended for use against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this context, it is a rational strategy to investigate the repurposing of existing drugs to use in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. In the meantime, the medical community is trialing several therapies that target various antiviral and immunomodulating mechanisms to use against the infection. There is no doubt that antiviral and supportive treatments are important in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, but anti-inflammatory therapy also plays a pivotal role in the management COVID-19 patients due to its ability to prevent further injury and organ damage or failure. In this review, we identified drugs that could modulate cytokines levels and play a part in the management of COVID-19. Several drugs that possess an anti-inflammatory profile in others illnesses have been studied in respect of their potential utility in the treatment of the hyperinflammation induced by SAR-COV-2 infection. We highlight a number of antivirals, anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and antiparasitic drugs that have been found to mitigate cytokine production and consequently attenuate the "cytokine storm" induced by SARS-CoV-2. Reduced hyperinflammation can attenuate multiple organ failure, and even reduce the mortality associated with severe COVID-19. In this context, despite their current unproven clinical efficacy in relation to the current pandemic, the repurposing of drugs with anti-inflammatory activity to use in the treatment of COVID-19 has become a topic of great interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Heimfarth
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000 Brazil; Graduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000 Brazil.
| | - Mairim Russo Serafini
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF). Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000 Brazil
| | | | - Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000 Brazil; Graduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000 Brazil
| | - Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000 Brazil; Graduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000 Brazil; Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF). Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|