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Chen L, Zhang H, Chi M, Wang Y, Zhu X, Han L, Xin B, Gan R, Tu Y, Sun X, Lu J, Li J, Huang J, Zhang J, Han Y, Guo C, Yang Q. Bckdk-Mediated Branch Chain Amino Acid Metabolism Reprogramming Contributes to Muscle Atrophy during Cancer Cachexia. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300577. [PMID: 38150655 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids and important nutrient signals for energy and protein supplementation. The study uses muscle-specific branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (Bckdk) conditional knockout (cKO) mice to reveal the contribution of BCAA metabolic dysfunction to muscle wasting. METHOD AND RESULTS Muscle-specific Bckdk-cKO mice are generated through crossbreeding of Bckdkf/f mice with Myf5Cre mice. Lewis lung cancer (LLC) tumor transplantation is used to establish the cancer cachexia model. The occurrence of cancer cachexia is accelerated in the muscle-specific Bckdk-cKO mice after bearing LLC tumor. Wasting skeletal muscle is characterized by increased protein ubiquitination degradation and impaired protein synthesis. The wasting muscle gastrocnemius is mechanized as a distinct BCAA metabolic dysfunction. Based on the atrophy phenotype resulting from BCAA metabolism dysfunction, the optimized BCAA supplementation improves the survival of cancer cachexia in muscle-specific Bckdk-cKO mice bearing LLC tumors, and improves the occurrence of cancer cachexia. The mechanism of BCAA supplementation on muscle mass preservation is based on the promotion of protein synthesis and the inhibition of protein ubiquitination degradation. CONCLUSIONS Dysfunctional BCAA metabolism contributes to the inhibition of protein synthesis and increases protein degradation in the cancer cachexia model of muscle-specific Bckdk-cKO mice bearing LLC tumors. The reprogramming of BCAA catabolism exerts therapeutic effects by stimulating protein synthesis and inhibiting protein degradation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Mengyi Chi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yaxian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xinting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Bo Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Run Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yixin Tu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xipeng Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jinlu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yonglong Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Lian S, Liu S, Wu A, Yin L, Li L, Zeng L, Zhao M, Zhang L. Branched-Chain Amino Acid Degradation Pathway was Inactivated in Colorectal Cancer: Results from a Proteomics Study. J Cancer 2024; 15:3724-3737. [PMID: 38911385 PMCID: PMC11190764 DOI: 10.7150/jca.95454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in terms of cancer incidence and fourth in terms of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Identifying potential biomarkers of CRC is crucial for treatment and drug development. Methods: In this study, we established a C57B/6N mouse model of colon carcinogenesis using azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate (AOM-DSS) treatment for 14 weeks to identify proteins associated with colon cancer. An isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis was conducted on the cell membrane components enriched in the colonic mucosa. Additionally, tumor tissues and adjacent normal colon tissues were collected from patients with colon cancer for comparative protein and metabolite analyses. Results: In total, 74 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the tumor tissue samples from AOM/DSS-treated mice compared to both the adjacent tissue samples from AOM/DSS-treated mice and tissue samples from saline-treated control mice. Bioinformatics analysis revealed eight downregulated proteins enriched in the branched-chain amino acids pathway (valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation). Moreover, these proteins are already known to be associated with the survival rate of patients with cancer. Targeted metabolomics showed increased levels of valine, leucine, and isoleucine in tumor tissues compared to those in adjacent normal tissues in patients with colon cancer. Furthermore, a real-time PCR experiment demonstrated that Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (short protein name ALDH2, gene name Aldh2) and Hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (short protein name HCDH, gene name Hadh) (two genes) in the pathway of branched-chain amino acids) were downregulated in patients with colon cancer (colon tumor tissues vs. their adjacent colon tissues). ALDH2 expression was further validated by western blotting in AOM/DSS-treated mouse model and in clinical samples. Conclusion: This study highlighted the inactivation of the branched-chain amino acid degradation pathway in colon cancer and identified ALDH2 and HCDH as potential biomarkers for diagnosing colon cancer and developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixian Lian
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ao Wu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lin Yin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lei Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Liyan Zeng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Mingkun Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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3
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Bowman CE, Neinast MD, Jang C, Patel J, Blair MC, Mirek ET, Jonsson WO, Chu Q, Merlo L, Mandik-Nayak L, Anthony TG, Rabinowitz JD, Arany Z. Off-target depletion of plasma tryptophan by allosteric inhibitors of BCKDK. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.582974. [PMID: 38496495 PMCID: PMC10942310 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.582974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The activation of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism has garnered interest as a potential therapeutic approach to improve insulin sensitivity, enhance recovery from heart failure, and blunt tumor growth. Evidence for this interest relies in part on BT2, a small molecule that promotes BCAA oxidation and is protective in mouse models of these pathologies. BT2 and other analogs allosterically inhibit branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) to promote BCAA oxidation, which is presumed to underlie the salutary effects of BT2. Potential "off-target" effects of BT2 have not been considered, however. We therefore tested for metabolic off-target effects of BT2 in Bckdk-/- animals. As expected, BT2 failed to activate BCAA oxidation in these animals. Surprisingly, however, BT2 strongly reduced plasma tryptophan levels and promoted catabolism of tryptophan to kynurenine in both control and Bckdk-/- mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that none of the principal tryptophan catabolic or kynurenine-producing/consuming enzymes (TDO, IDO1, IDO2, or KATs) were required for BT2-mediated lowering of plasma tryptophan. Instead, using equilibrium dialysis assays and mice lacking albumin, we show that BT2 avidly binds plasma albumin and displaces tryptophan, releasing it for catabolism. These data confirm that BT2 activates BCAA oxidation via inhibition of BCKDK but also reveal a robust off-target effect on tryptophan metabolism via displacement from serum albumin. The data highlight a potential confounding effect for pharmaceutical compounds that compete for binding with albumin-bound tryptophan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn E. Bowman
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Present address: Biology Department, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA
| | - Michael D. Neinast
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jiten Patel
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan C. Blair
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily T. Mirek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - William O. Jonsson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Qingwei Chu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Merlo
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | | | - Tracy G. Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua D. Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Zolt Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Xu E, Ji B, Jin K, Chen Y. Branched-chain amino acids catabolism and cancer progression: focus on therapeutic interventions. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1220638. [PMID: 37637065 PMCID: PMC10448767 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1220638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including valine, leucine, and isoleucine, are crucial amino acids with significant implications in tumorigenesis across various human malignancies. Studies have demonstrated that altered BCAA metabolism can influence tumor growth and progression. Increased levels of BCAAs have been associated with tumor growth inhibition, indicating their potential as anti-cancer agents. Conversely, a deficiency in BCAAs can promote tumor metastasis to different organs due to the disruptive effects of high BCAA concentrations on tumor cell migration and invasion. This disruption is associated with tumor cell adhesion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion. Furthermore, BCAAs serve as nitrogen donors, contributing to synthesizing macromolecules such as proteins and nucleotides crucial for cancer cell growth. Consequently, BCAAs exhibit a dual role in cancer, and their effects on tumor growth or inhibition are contingent upon various conditions and concentrations. This review discusses these contrasting findings, providing valuable insights into BCAA-related therapeutic interventions and ultimately contributing to a better understanding of their potential role in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er Xu
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bangju Ji
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yefeng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Fu S, Xu S, Zhang S. The role of amino acid metabolism alterations in pancreatic cancer: From mechanism to application. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188893. [PMID: 37015314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing in both developed and developing Nations. In recent years, various research evidence suggested that reprogrammed metabolism may play a key role in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and development. Therefore, it has great potential as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic target. Amino acid metabolism is deregulated in pancreatic cancer, and changes in amino acid metabolism can affect cancer cell status, systemic metabolism in malignant tumor patients and mistakenly involved in different biological processes including stemness, proliferation and growth, invasion and migration, redox state maintenance, autophagy, apoptosis and even tumor microenvironment interaction. Generally, the above effects are achieved through two pathways, energy metabolism and signal transduction. This review aims to highlight the current research progress on the abnormal alterations of amino acids metabolism in pancreatic cancer, how they affect tumorigenesis and development of pancreatic cancer and the application prospects of them as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenao Fu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Shaokang Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Shubing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
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6
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Liao X, Tsai HI. KRAS mutation: The booster of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma transformation and progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1147676. [PMID: 37152291 PMCID: PMC10157181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1147676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer. It has a poor response to conventional therapy and has an extremely poor 5-year survival rate. PDAC is driven by multiple oncogene mutations, with the highest mutation frequency being observed in KRAS. The KRAS protein, which binds to GTP, has phosphokinase activity, which further activates downstream effectors. KRAS mutation contributes to cancer cell proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, immune escape, and therapy resistance in PDAC, acting as a critical driver of the disease. Thus, KRAS mutation is positively associated with poorer prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients. This review focus on the KRAS mutation patterns in PDAC, and further emphases its role in signal transduction, metabolic reprogramming, therapy resistance and prognosis, hoping to provide KRAS target therapy strategies for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zining Zhang
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Liao, ; Hsiang-i Tsai,
| | - Hsiang-i Tsai
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Liao, ; Hsiang-i Tsai,
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7
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Hamada S, Matsumoto R, Masamune A. Pancreatic Stellate Cells and Metabolic Alteration: Physiology and Pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2022; 13:865105. [PMID: 35370770 PMCID: PMC8967348 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.865105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells play a pivotal role in the development of pancreatic fibrosis. A wide variety of external stimuli can cause PSC activation accompanied by metabolic changes, which alters the tissue microenvironment by producing extracellular matrix proteins, cytokines, growth factors, and other mediators. Several metabolites aggravate fibrosis and inflammation by acting as key activating factors for PSCs. In other words, PSCs sense systemic metabolic changes. The detrimental effects of PSC activation on normal pancreatic cells, especially islet cells, further complicate metabolic imbalance through the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. PSC activation promotes cancer by altering the metabolism in pancreatic cancer cells, which collaborate with PSCs to efficiently adapt to environmental changes, promoting their growth and survival. This collaboration also contributes to the acquisition of chemoresistance. PSCs sequester chemotherapeutic agents and produce competing molecules as additional resistance mechanisms. The application of these metabolic targets for novel therapeutic strategies is currently being explored. This mini-review summarizes the role of PSCs in metabolic regulation of normal and cancerous cells.
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8
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Gao Y, Dai Z, Yang C, Wang D, Guo Z, Mao W, Chen Z. Metabolomics of a cell line-derived xenograft model reveals circulating metabolic signatures for malignant mesothelioma. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12568. [PMID: 35036082 PMCID: PMC8740518 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare and highly aggressive cancer. Despite advances in multidisciplinary treatments for cancer, the prognosis for MM remains poor with no effective diagnostic biomarkers currently available. The aim of this study was to identify plasma metabolic biomarkers for better MM diagnosis and prognosis by use of a MM cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) model. METHODS The MM CDX model was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Twenty female nude mice were randomly divided into two groups, 10 for the MM CDX model and 10 controls. Plasma samples were collected two weeks after tumor cell implantation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was conducted. Both univariate and multivariate statistics were used to select potential metabolic biomarkers. Hierarchical clustering analysis, metabolic pathway analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis was used to investigate differential genes between tumor and normal tissues, and survival-associated genes. RESULTS The MM CDX model was successfully established. With VIP > 1.0 and P-value < 0.05, a total of 23 differential metabolites were annotated, in which isoleucine, 5-dihydrocortisol, and indole-3-acetamide had the highest diagnostic values based on ROC analysis. These were mainly enriched in pathways for starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, galactose metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, as well as phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. Further, down-regulation was observed for amino acids, especially isoleucine, which is consistent with up-regulation of amino acid transporter genes SLC7A5 and SLC1A3 in MM. Overall survival was also negatively associated with SLC1A5, SLC7A5, and SLC1A3. CONCLUSION We found several altered plasma metabolites in the MM CDX model. The importance of specific metabolic pathways, for example amino acid metabolism, is herein highlighted, although further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis&Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology(Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Dai
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Wang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenying Guo
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Mao
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis&Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology(Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis&Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology(Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, China
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9
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Hrabák P, Kalousová M, Krechler T, Zima T. Pancreatic stellate cells - rising stars in pancreatic pathologies. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) receive growing interest in past decades. Two types of PSCs are recognized –vitamin A accumulating quiescent PSCs and activated PSCs- the main producents of extracellular matrix in pancreatic tissue. PSCs plays important role in pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. PSCs are intensively studied as potential therapeutical target because of their important role in developing desmoplastic stroma in pancreatic cancer. There also exists evidence that PSC are involved in other pathologies like type-2 diabetes mellitus. This article brings brief characteristics of PSCs and recent advances in research of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Kalousová
- 2Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
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10
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Rossmeislová L, Gojda J, Smolková K. Pancreatic cancer: branched-chain amino acids as putative key metabolic regulators? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1115-1139. [PMID: 34962613 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids utilized in anabolic and catabolic metabolism. While extensively studied in obesity and diabetes, recent evidence suggests an important role for BCAA metabolism in cancer. Elevated plasma levels of BCAA are associated with an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer, namely pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a tumor with one of the highest 1-year mortality rates. The dreadful prognosis for PDAC patients could be attributable also to the early and frequent development of cancer cachexia, a fatal host metabolic reprogramming leading to muscle and adipose wasting. We propose that BCAA dysmetabolism is a unifying component of several pathological conditions, i.e., obesity, insulin resistance, and PDAC. These conditions are mutually dependent since PDAC ranks among cancers tightly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. It is also well-established that PDAC itself can trigger insulin resistance and new-onset diabetes. However, the exact link between BCAA metabolism, development of PDAC, and tissue wasting is still unclear. Although tissue-specific intracellular and systemic metabolism of BCAA is being intensively studied, unresolved questions related to PDAC and cancer cachexia remain, namely, whether elevated circulating BCAA contribute to PDAC etiology, what is the biological background of BCAA elevation, and what is the role of adipose tissue relative to BCAA metabolism during cancer cachexia. To cover those issues, we provide our view on BCAA metabolism at the intracellular, tissue, and whole-body level, with special emphasis on different metabolic links to BCAA intermediates and the role of insulin in substrate handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Rossmeislová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Research On Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research On Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gojda
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research On Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Smolková
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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11
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Ge P, Luo Y, Chen H, Liu J, Guo H, Xu C, Qu J, Zhang G, Chen H. Application of Mass Spectrometry in Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667427. [PMID: 34707986 PMCID: PMC8544753 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive tract worldwide, with increased morbidity and mortality. In recent years, with the development of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, and the change of the medical thinking model, remarkable progress has been made in researching comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of PC. However, the present situation of diagnostic and treatment of PC is still unsatisfactory. There is an urgent need for academia to fully integrate the basic research and clinical data from PC to form a research model conducive to clinical translation and promote the proper treatment of PC. This paper summarized the translation progress of mass spectrometry (MS) in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and PC treatment to promote the basic research results of PC into clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haoya Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Caiming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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