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Xu JY, Fan JX, Hu M, Zeng J. Microorganism-regulated autophagy in gastrointestinal cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16130. [PMID: 37786582 PMCID: PMC10541808 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer has always been one of the most urgent problems to be solved, and it has become a major global health issue. Microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract regulate normal physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence reveals the role of the imbalance in the microbial community during tumorigenesis. Autophagy is an important intracellular homeostatic process, where defective proteins and organelles are degraded and recycled under stress. Autophagy plays a dual role in tumors as both tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. Many studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in response to microbial infection. Here, we provide an overview on the regulation of the autophagy signaling pathway by microorganisms in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Xu
- Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Min Hu
- Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Shi W, Liu Y, Qiu X, Yang L, Lin G. Cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived exosome-mediated transfer of miR-345-5p promotes the progression of colorectal cancer by targeting CDKN1A. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:317-327. [PMID: 37052230 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-induced death in the world. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) released exosomes that contributed to cancer progression. This research was carried out to study the influence of CRC-associated fibroblasts-derived exosomes on the phenotype of CRC cells and the underlying mechanism. CAFs-derived exosomes (CAFs-exo) and normal fibroblasts (NFs)-derived exosomes (NFs-exo) were recognized by transmission electronic microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot analysis. Cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry analysis, colony formation assay, Transwell, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry staining and xenografts model were carried out to proceed with function studies in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that CAFs-exo induced cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while NFs-exo did not influence the tumor biological properties of CRC cells. Using qRT-PCR, miR-345-5p was observed to be a notably up-regulated miRNA in CAFs-exo compared to NFs-exo. CAFs-exo could mediate the transfer of miR-345-5p to CRC cells, and downregulation of miR-345-5p in CAFs notably reversed the pro-tumoral effect of CAFs-exo on CRC cells. Based on online prediction database, CDKN1A was proved as a direct downstream target of miR-345-5p in CRC cells, which was lowly expressed and negatively associated with miR-345-5p in CRC tumors. Furthermore, miR-345-5p upregulation-mediated tumor biological behaviors were abrogated by exogenous CDKN1A. In CRC cells-beared tumor xenograft, CAFs-exo administration promoted tumor growth and decreased CDKN1A expression, whereas miR-345-5p inhibition reversed these effects. The present study revealed that by interacting with CDKN1A, CAF-derived exosomal miR-345-5p promotes CRC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Beijing GenePlus Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guole Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Nam NN, Do HDK, Loan Trinh KT, Lee NY. Metagenomics: An Effective Approach for Exploring Microbial Diversity and Functions. Foods 2023; 12:2140. [PMID: 37297385 PMCID: PMC10252221 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Various fields have been identified in the "omics" era, such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, phenomics, and metagenomics. Among these, metagenomics has enabled a significant increase in discoveries related to the microbial world. Newly discovered microbiomes in different ecologies provide meaningful information on the diversity and functions of microorganisms on the Earth. Therefore, the results of metagenomic studies have enabled new microbe-based applications in human health, agriculture, and the food industry, among others. This review summarizes the fundamental procedures on recent advances in bioinformatic tools. It also explores up-to-date applications of metagenomics in human health, food study, plant research, environmental sciences, and other fields. Finally, metagenomics is a powerful tool for studying the microbial world, and it still has numerous applications that are currently hidden and awaiting discovery. Therefore, this review also discusses the future perspectives of metagenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Nhat Nam
- Biotechnology Center, School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Do
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ward 13, District 04, Ho Chi Minh City 72820, Vietnam
| | - Kieu The Loan Trinh
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
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Sillo TO, Beggs AD, Middleton G, Akingboye A. The Gut Microbiome, Microsatellite Status and the Response to Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065767. [PMID: 36982838 PMCID: PMC10054450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence in a range of cancer types that the microbiome plays a direct role in modulating the anti-cancer immune response both at the gut level and systemically. Differences in the gut microbiota have been shown to correlate with differences in immunotherapy responses in a range of non-gastrointestinal tract cancers. DNA mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) is radically different to DNA mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) CRC in clinical phenotype and in its very good responses to immunotherapy. While this has usually been thought to be due to the high mutational burden in dMMR CRC, the gut microbiome is radically different in dMMR and pMMR CRC in terms of both composition and diversity. It is probable that differences in the gut microbiota contribute to the varied responses to immunotherapy in dMMR versus pMMR CRC. Targeting the microbiome offers a way to boost the response and increase the selection of patients who might benefit from this therapy. This paper reviews the available literature on the role of the microbiome in the response to immunotherapy in dMMR and pMMR CRC, explores the potential causal relationship and discusses future directions for study in this exciting and rapidly changing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toritseju O Sillo
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew D Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gary Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Abbes S, Baldi S, Sellami H, Amedei A, Keskes L. Molecular methods for colorectal cancer screening: Progress with next-generation sequencing evolution. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:425-442. [PMID: 37009313 PMCID: PMC10052664 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i3.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common malignancy and the second most deadly cancer worldwide, with a higher incidence in developed countries. Like other solid tumors, CRC is a heterogeneous genomic disease in which various alterations, such as point mutations, genomic rearrangements, gene fusions or chromosomal copy number alterations, can contribute to the disease development. However, because of its orderly natural history, easily accessible onset location and high lifetime incidence, CRC is ideally suited for preventive intervention, but the many screening efforts of the last decades have been compromised by performance limitations and low penetrance of the standard screening tools. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has both facilitated the identification of previously unrecognized CRC features such as its relationship with gut microbial pathogens and revolutionized the speed and throughput of cataloguing CRC-related genomic alterations. Hence, in this review, we summarized the several diagnostic tools used for CRC screening in the past and the present, focusing on recent NGS approaches and their revolutionary role in the identification of novel genomic CRC characteristics, the advancement of understanding the CRC carcinogenesis and the screening of clinically actionable targets for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Abbes
- Laboratory of Parasitic and Fungal Molecular Biology, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Hayet Sellami
- Drosophila Research Unit-Parasitology and Mycologie Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
- SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Leila Keskes
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetic, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
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Moreira FC, Sarquis DP, de Souza JES, Avelar DDS, Araújo TMT, Khayat AS, dos Santos SEB, de Assumpção PP. Treasures from trash in cancer research. Oncotarget 2022; 13:1246-1257. [PMID: 36395362 PMCID: PMC9671455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer research has significantly improved in recent years, primarily due to next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Consequently, an enormous amount of genomic and transcriptomic data has been generated. In most cases, the data needed for research goals are used, and unwanted reads are discarded. However, these eliminated data contain relevant information. Aiming to test this hypothesis, genomic and transcriptomic data were acquired from public datasets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metagenomic tools were used to explore genomic cancer data; additional annotations were used to explore differentially expressed ncRNAs from miRNA experiments, and variants in adjacent to tumor samples from RNA-seq experiments were also investigated. RESULTS In all analyses, new data were obtained: from DNA-seq data, microbiome taxonomies were characterized with a similar performance of dedicated metagenomic research; from miRNA-seq data, additional differentially expressed sncRNAs were found; and in tumor and adjacent to tumor tissue data, somatic variants were found. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that unexplored data from NGS experiments could help elucidate carcinogenesis and discover putative biomarkers with clinical applications. Further investigations should be considered for experimental design, providing opportunities to optimize data, saving time and resources while granting access to multiple genomic perspectives from the same sample and experimental run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Cordeiro Moreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia/Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Co-first authors
| | - Dionison Pereira Sarquis
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia/Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Co-first authors
| | | | | | | | - André Salim Khayat
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia/Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia/Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Song Y, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Zhang W. CD8+ T cell-associated genes MS4A1 and TNFRSF17 are prognostic markers and inhibit the progression of colon cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:941208. [PMID: 36203424 PMCID: PMC9530608 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.941208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundColon cancer (CC) is among the top three diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Its increasing incidence imposes a major global health burden. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1, can be used for the treatment of CC; however, most patients with CC are resistant to immunotherapy. Therefore, identification of biomarkers that can predict immunotherapy sensitivity is necessary for selecting patients with CC who are eligible for immunotherapy.MethodsDifferentially expressed genes associated with the high infiltration of CD8+ T cells were identified in CC and para-cancerous samples via bioinformatic analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that MS4A1 and TNFRSF17 were associated with the overall survival of patients with CC. Cellular experiments were performed for verification, and the protein expression of target genes was determined via immunohistochemical staining of CC and the adjacent healthy tissues. The proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of CC cells with high expression of target genes were determined via in vitro experiments.ResultsDifferential gene expression, weighted gene co-expression and survival analyses revealed that patients with CC with high expression of MS4A1 and TNFRSF17 had longer overall survival. The expression of these two genes was lower in CC tissues than in healthy colon tissues and was remarkably associated with the infiltration of various immune cells, including CD8+ T cells, in the tumour microenvironment (TME) of CC. Patients with CC with high expression of MS4A1 and TNFRSF17 were more sensitive to immunotherapy. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining validated the differential expression of MS4A1 and TNFRSF17. In addition, Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and transwell assays revealed that the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of CC cells were weakened after overexpression of MS4A1 and TNFRSF17.ConclusionsThe core genes MS4A1 and TNFRSF17 can be used as markers to predict the sensitivity of patients with CC to immunotherapy and have potential applications in gene therapy to inhibit CC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Song
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weihui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Weihui Zhang,
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Bi Y, Liu X, Li W, Xu J, Xi J, Wei S. Clinical Data and Biocalculation Methods of GABRD Determine the Clinical Characteristics and Immune Relevance of Colorectal Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:6198448. [PMID: 35774742 PMCID: PMC9239793 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6198448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to clarify the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor delta subunit (GABRD) gene in pan-cancer and its correlation with patient prognosis, and to investigate the function and possible mechanism of GABRD in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were used to analyze the expression differences of GABRD in pan-cancer, and the correlation between GABRD and clinical prognosis of various tumors was analyzed by Cox regression method. According to the expression level of GABRD, Gene Function Annotation (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis were performed on the differentially expressed genes. Expression of GABRD gene and 44 marker genes of three types of RNA modification (m1A (10), m5C (13), m6A (21)) genes in different tumors was observed. Pearson correlation of GABRD gene and marker genes of five immune pathways was measured. Results : TCGA data analysis showed that GABRD was significantly upregulated in various tumor tissues, especially COAD and READCOAD. Survival analysis showed that GABRD was a prognostic protective factor in CRC (p < 0.001). The results of survival nomogram showed that GABRD, age, and tumor (T) lymph node (N) distant metastasis (M) stage were independent prognostic factors, and the survival model C-index was 0.724 (0.644-1). Gene enrichment and functional analysis showed that GABRD may be related to protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, extracellular structure organization, extracellular matrix organization, pancreatic secretion, and antimicrobial humoral response. The expression of GABRD was positively correlated in m1A-, m5C-, and m6A-related genes. The GABRD gene was found in B cell, T cell CD4, T cell CD8, neutrophil, macrophage in TCGA-COAD (N = 282), and TCGA-COADREAD (N = 373). The infiltration level and DC was significantly positively correlated (p < 0.05). Also, the Pearson correlation coefficient is the largest. Conclusion The involvement of GABRD in the occurrence and development of CRC may be related to protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, extracellular structure organization, extracellular matrix organization, pancreatic secretion, and antimicrobial humoral response. GABRD can be used as a molecular marker for the prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Bi
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jinan People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 271199, Shandong, China
| | - Xinju Liu
- Department of Oncology, Jinan People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 271199, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jinan People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 271199, Shandong, China
| | - JiaCheng Xu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jinan People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 271199, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xi
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jinan People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 271199, Shandong, China
| | - Shengchao Wei
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jinan People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 271199, Shandong, China
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Zuo W, Michail S, Sun F. Metagenomic Analyses of Multiple Gut Datasets Revealed the Association of Phage Signatures in Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:918010. [PMID: 35782128 PMCID: PMC9240273 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.918010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the human gut microbiome dysbiosis has been the focus of several studies in the past. Many bacterial taxa have been shown to have differential abundance among CRC patients compared to healthy controls. However, the relationship between CRC and non-bacterial gut microbiome such as the gut virome is under-studied and not well understood. In this study we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the association of viral abundances with CRC using metagenomic shotgun sequencing data of 462 CRC subjects and 449 healthy controls from 7 studies performed in 8 different countries. Despite the high heterogeneity, our results showed that the virome alpha diversity was consistently higher in CRC patients than in healthy controls (p-value <0.001). This finding is in sharp contrast to previous reports of low alpha diversity of prokaryotes in CRC compared to healthy controls. In addition to the previously known association of Podoviridae, Siphoviridae and Myoviridae with CRC, we further demonstrate that Herelleviridae, a newly constructed viral family, is significantly depleted in CRC subjects. Our interkingdom association analysis reveals a less intertwined correlation between the gut virome and bacteriome in CRC compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, we show that the viral abundance profiles can be used to accurately predict CRC disease status (AUROC >0.8) in both within-study and cross-study settings. The combination of training sets resulted in rather generalized and accurate prediction models. Our study clearly shows that subjects with colorectal cancer harbor a distinct human gut virome profile which may have an important role in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Zuo
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sonia Michail
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fengzhu Sun
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Fengzhu Sun,
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Luo D, Yang J, Liu J, Yong X, Wang Z. Identification of four novel hub genes as monitoring biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Hereditas 2022; 159:11. [PMID: 35093172 PMCID: PMC8801129 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-021-00216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It must be admitted that the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) was on the rise all over the world, but the related treatment had not caught up. Further research on the underlying pathogenesis of CRC was conducive to improving the survival status of current CRC patients. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screening were conducted based on “limma” and “RobustRankAggreg” package of R software. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed in the integrated DEGs that from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and all samples of validation were from Gene Expression Omnlbus (GEO) dataset. Results The terms obtained in the functional annotation for primary DEGs indicated that they were associated with CRC. The MEyellow stand out whereby showed the significant correlation with clinical feature (disease), and 4 hub genes, including ABCC13, AMPD1, SCNN1B and TMIGD1, were identified in yellow module. Nine datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus database confirmed these four genes were significantly down-regulated and the survival estimates for the low-expression group of these genes were lower than for the high-expression group in Kaplan-Meier survival analysis section. MEXPRESS suggested that down-regulation of some top hub genes may be caused by hypermethylation. Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that these genes had certain diagnostic efficacy. Moreover, tumor-infiltrating immune cells and gene set enrichment analysis for hub genes suggested that there were some associations between these genes and the pathogenesis of CRC. Conclusion This study identified modules that were significantly associated with CRC, four novel hub genes, and further analysis of these genes. This may provide a little new insights and directions into the potential pathogenesis of CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41065-021-00216-7.
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Tang Y, Liu J, Huang X, Ding H, Tan S, Zhu Y. Effect of Dexmedetomidine-Assisted Intravenous Inhalation Combined Anesthesia on Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism and Serum Th1/Th2 Level in Elderly Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Surg 2022; 8:832646. [PMID: 35145993 PMCID: PMC8821817 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.832646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous inhalation combined anesthesia on cerebral oxygen metabolism and serum Th1/Th2 levels in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. Method From April 2018 to May 2020,100 elderly patients undergoing elective laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer were prospectively selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group. Before induction of anesthesia, the loading dose of dexmedetomidine was given at 0.5 μg/kg, and the infusion time was 15 min. After tracheal intubation, 0.4 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine was continuously pumped, and the infusion was stopped 40 min before the end of the operation. In the control group, the same amount of 0.9% sodium chloride was injected intravenously in the same way. 30 min before induction of anesthesia (T0), immediately before induction of anesthesia (T1), immediately after tracheal intubation (T2), 40 min before operation (T3), and immediately after operation (T4), record the blood oxygen content of the artery and internal jugular vein Difference (D(a-jv)O2), brain oxygen uptake rate (COER%), brain oxygen saturation (rSO2) mean. VAS scale, Ramsay scale, MoCA scale were taken at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively to evaluate analgesia, sedation, and cognitive function. And monitor the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), myelin basic protein (MBP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100β. The occurrence of restlessness and adverse reactions during the recovery period of the two groups were compared. Result The levels of D(a-jv)O2, COER%, and rSO2 in the control group and observation group were higher than the preoperative basic values at T2, T3, and T4 (P < 0.05); The levels of D(a-jv)O2, COER%, and rSO2 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at T2, T3, and T4 (P < 0.05). The VAS score and Ramsay score of the observation group were lower than those of the control group at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery, while the MoCA score was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the serum IFN-γ, MBP, NSE and S100β levels of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05), and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The overall incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [32.0% (16/50) vs. 12.0% (6/50), P < 0.05]. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine-assisted combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia is beneficial to reduce perioperative cerebral oxygen metabolism and improve postoperative immunosuppression in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. It has a certain protective effect on nerve injury after operation, thus improving the cognitive function of patients and reducing the occurrence of adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixun Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jitong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Huijuan Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Suhong Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yimin Zhu
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Ibragimova S, Ramachandran R, Ali FR, Lipovich L, Ho SB. Dietary Patterns and Associated Microbiome Changes that Promote Oncogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:725821. [PMID: 34869313 PMCID: PMC8633417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.725821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent increases in cancer incidences have been linked to lifestyle changes that result in obesity and metabolic syndrome. It is now evident that these trends are associated with the profound changes that occur in the intestinal microbiome, producing altered microbial population signatures that interact, directly or indirectly, with potentially pro-carcinogenic molecular pathways of transcription, proliferation, and inflammation. The effects of the entire gut microbial population on overall health are complex, but individual bacteria are known to play important and definable roles. Recent detailed examinations of a large number of subjects show a tight correlation between habitual diets, fecal microbiome signatures, and markers of metabolic health. Diets that score higher in healthfulness or diversity such as plant-based diets, have altered ratios of specific bacteria, including an increase in short-chain fatty acid producers, which in turn have been linked to improved metabolic markers and lowered cancer risk. Contrarily, numerous studies have implicated less healthy, lower-scoring diets such as the Western diet with reduced intestinal epithelial defenses and promotion of specific bacteria that affect carcinogenic pathways. In this review, we will describe how different dietary patterns affect microbial populations in the gut and illustrate the subsequent impact of bacterial products and metabolites on molecular pathways of cancer development, both locally in the gut and systemically in distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakhzada Ibragimova
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Revathy Ramachandran
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Fahad R Ali
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Leonard Lipovich
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Samuel B Ho
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE.,Department of Medicine, Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE
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13
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Hertel J, Heinken A, Martinelli F, Thiele I. Integration of constraint-based modeling with fecal metabolomics reveals large deleterious effects of Fusobacterium spp. on community butyrate production. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-23. [PMID: 34057024 PMCID: PMC8168482 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1915673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the metabolic functions of the gut microbiome in health and disease is pivotal for translating alterations in microbial composition into clinical insights. Two major analysis paradigms have been used to explore the metabolic functions of the microbiome but not systematically integrated with each other: statistical screening approaches, such as metabolome-microbiome association studies, and computational approaches, such as constraint-based metabolic modeling. To combine the strengths of the two analysis paradigms, we herein introduce a set of theoretical concepts allowing for the population statistical treatment of constraint-based microbial community models. To demonstrate the utility of the theoretical framework, we applied it to a public metagenomic dataset consisting of 365 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and 251 healthy controls, shining a light on the metabolic role of Fusobacterium spp. in CRC. We found that (1) glutarate production capability was significantly enriched in CRC microbiomes and mechanistically linked to lysine fermentation in Fusobacterium spp., (2) acetate and butyrate production potentials were lowered in CRC, and (3) Fusobacterium spp. presence had large negative ecological effects on community butyrate production in CRC cases and healthy controls. Validating the model predictions against fecal metabolomics, the in silico frameworks correctly predicted in vivo species metabolite correlations with high accuracy. In conclusion, highlighting the value of combining statistical association studies with in silico modeling, this study provides insights into the metabolic role of Fusobacterium spp. in the gut, while providing a proof of concept for the validity of constraint-based microbial community modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hertel
- School of Medicine, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Almut Heinken
- School of Medicine, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland,Ryan Institute, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Filippo Martinelli
- School of Medicine, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland,Ryan Institute, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland,Ryan Institute, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland,Discipline of Microbiology, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,CONTACT Ines Thiele School of Medicine, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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14
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Music of metagenomics-a review of its applications, analysis pipeline, and associated tools. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 22:3-26. [PMID: 34657989 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This humble effort highlights the intricate details of metagenomics in a simple, poetic, and rhythmic way. The paper enforces the significance of the research area, provides details about major analytical methods, examines the taxonomy and assembly of genomes, emphasizes some tools, and concludes by celebrating the richness of the ecosystem populated by the "metagenome."
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15
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Liu K, Wang C, Wang J, Zhan Y, Yue X, Kong D. Nomogram model characterized by mutant genes and clinical indexes to identify high-risk patients with stage III/IV colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:1214-1223. [PMID: 33456994 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to construct a nomogram model of high-risk stage III/IV colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Gene mutation and clinical information of 251 CRC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed on 44 patients to screen shared mutation genes with frequency >5% between TCGA and clinical cohorts. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the mutant genes and clinical indexes, and a high-risk stage III/IV nomogram model was constructed. The nomogram model was further validated in the clinical cohort. Results SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4), zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3), and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 2 (PREX2) mutations; pathological location; and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) value were screened out to compose a high-risk III/IV nomogram model. The nomogram had good calibration and discriminative ability, with an area under the curve of 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-0.84]. Hosmer-Leme show test indicated that the model had good goodness of fit (P=0.83). The decision curve revealed this a nomogram model was feasible in clinical practice. In our clinical cohort, the calibration curve did not show good calibration and discrimination. Conclusions We established a nomogram model, including the mutation status of SMAD4, ZFHX3, and PREX2; pathological location; and preoperative CEA value, which showed accuracy in the risk prediction of stage III/IV CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiefu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Yue
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dalu Kong
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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16
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Shang F, Jiang X, Wang H, Chen S, Wang X, Liu Y, Guo S, Li D, Yu W, Zhao Z, Wang G. The inhibitory effects of probiotics on colon cancer cells: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:1224-1232. [PMID: 33456995 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy. And probiotics may have the function of preventing colon cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of a probiotic mixture on colorectal cancer and its potential mechanisms. Methods The effects of the probiotic mixture on proliferation and metastasis of mouse colon cancer CT26 cells were assessed by probiotics and cells co-culture assay, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, wound-healing assay, as well as migration and invasion assays. And CT26 cells were also transplanted into BALB/c mice to construct transplanted tumor animal model. The mice were randomly divided into two groups, control group and probiotic mixture intragastric administration group, after injection 21 days the tumor size and infiltration of immune cells in the tumor or spleen tissues were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Results The probiotic mixture significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of CT26 cells compare to the control cells (P<0.05). In the animal experiments, the tumor volume of mice that had been fed the probiotic mixture was significantly smaller than that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with control mice, more apoptotic cells and infiltration of immune cells were showed in the tumor tissues of the mice treated with the probiotic mixture, and an increased number of CD8+ cells in the tumor and spleen tissues but no significant change in tissues. Conclusions These results suggested that the probiotic mixture could inhibit the growth of CT26 tumors and induce an immune response in vivo. The probiotic mixture also inhibited the invasion, migration, and proliferation ability of CT26 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjian Shang
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haobo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shihao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongyun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weifang Yu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zengren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guiqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Wu Y, Xu Y. Bioinformatics for The Prognostic Value and Function of Cubilin (CUBN) in Colorectal Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922447. [PMID: 33235183 PMCID: PMC7702664 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cubilin (CUBN) gene was reported to be a novel risk variant for colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have shown that germline variants in known cancer driver genes are predictive of patient outcome, but no study has systematically analyzed CRC to identify CUBN that can predict patient outcome and function by using bioinformatics. Material/Methods The association in expression, clinicopathological parameters, and survival were analyzed by using Oncomine, UNCLA, and GEPIA, while CUBN alterations and related functional networks were identified using cBioPortal. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways (KEGG) of CUBN in CRC were explored by using LinkOmics. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) examined target networks of kinases, miRNAs, and transcription factors. Results We found that CUBN was overexpressed in CRC. Patients who were in advanced TNM stage tended to express higher CUBN mRNA levels, while those who received radiotherapy tended to express relatively lower CUBN mRNA levels. Higher expression of CUBN was found to be associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Moreover, functional networks analysis suggested that CUBN can regulate mismatch repair, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, base excision repair, and proteasome via vitamin digestion and absorption pathway to influence CRC occurrence. Conclusions These findings suggested that CUBN could serve as a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker of CRC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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18
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Liu YZ, Han DT, Shi DR, Hong B, Qian Y, Wu ZG, Yao SH, Tang TM, Wang MH, Xu XM, Yao HP. Pathological significance of abnormal recepteur d’origine nantais and programmed death ligand 1 expression in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:1216-1236. [PMID: 33250957 PMCID: PMC7667461 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i11.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy remains poorly efficacious in colorectal cancer (CRC). The recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) receptor tyrosine kinase plays an important role in regulating tumor immunity.
AIM To identify the patterns of RON and PD-L1 expression and explore their clinical significance in CRC.
METHODS Gene expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO; n = 290) and patients at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (FAHZUSM; n = 381) were analyzed to determine the prognostic value of RON and PD-L1 expression within the tumor microenvironment of CRC. HT29 cell line was treated with BMS-777607 to explore the relationship between RON activity and PD-L1 expression. Signaling pathways and protein expression perturbed by RON inhibition were evaluated by cellular immunofluorescence and Western blot.
RESULTS In the GEO patient cohort, cut-off values for RON and PD-L1 expression were determined to be 7.70 and 4.3, respectively. Stratification of patients based on these cutoffs demonstrated that high expression of RON and PD-L1 was associated with a poor prognosis. In the FAHZUSM cohort, rates of high expression of RON in tumor cells, high PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and tumor infiltrating monocytes, and both high RON and high PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment were 121 (32%), 43 (11%), 91 (24%), and 51 (13.4%), respectively. High expression of RON was significantly correlated with high expression of PD-L1 in the tumor cell compartment (P < 0.001). High expression of RON and that of PD-L1 were independent prognostic factors for poorer overall survival. Concurrent high expression of both RON and PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment was significantly associated with a poor prognosis. In vitro, BMS-777607 inhibited the phosphorylation of RON, inhibited PD-L1 expression, and attenuated activation of the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways in CRC cells.
CONCLUSION RON, PD-L1, and their crosstalk are significant in predicting the prognostic value of CRC. Moreover, phosphorylation of RON upregulates PD-L1 expression, which provides a novel approach to immunotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology Research, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Da-Ting Han
- Department of Cancer Biology Research, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dan-Rong Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology Research, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology Research, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shu-Hao Yao
- Department of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University Renji College, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tao-Ming Tang
- Department of Cancer Biology Research, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Hai Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States
| | - Xiang-Ming Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang-Ping Yao
- Department of Cancer Biology Research, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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Alessandri G, Argentini C, Milani C, Turroni F, Cristina Ossiprandi M, van Sinderen D, Ventura M. Catching a glimpse of the bacterial gut community of companion animals: a canine and feline perspective. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1708-1732. [PMID: 32864871 PMCID: PMC7533323 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs and cats have gained a special position in human society by becoming our principal companion animals. In this context, efforts to ensure their health and welfare have increased exponentially, with in recent times a growing interest in assessing the impact of the gut microbiota on canine and feline health. Recent technological advances have generated new tools to not only examine the intestinal microbial composition of dogs and cats, but also to scrutinize the genetic repertoire and associated metabolic functions of this microbial community. The application of high-throughput sequencing techniques to canine and feline faecal samples revealed similarities in their bacterial composition, with Fusobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes as the most prevalent and abundant phyla, followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Although key bacterial members were consistently present in their gut microbiota, the taxonomic composition and the metabolic repertoire of the intestinal microbial population may be influenced by several factors, including diet, age and anthropogenic aspects, as well as intestinal dysbiosis. The current review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multitude of factors which play a role in the modulation of the canine and feline gut microbiota and that of their human owners with whom they share the same environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Alessandri
- Department of Veterinary Medical ScienceUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Chiara Argentini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Maria Cristina Ossiprandi
- Department of Veterinary Medical ScienceUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience InstituteNational University of IrelandCorkIreland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
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Liu J, Shi Z, Ma Y, Fu L, Yi M. MOB1 Inhibits Malignant Progression of Colorectal Cancer by Targeting PAK2. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8803-8811. [PMID: 32943885 PMCID: PMC7481273 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s253470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed at studying the mechanism of MOB1 inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC), to provide a new guidance for the early diagnosis and treatment of CRC. Methods MOB1 expression level in 68 pairs of CRC tissues and adjacent ones was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, and the associations between the expression level of MOB1 and the clinicopathological indicators as well as the prognosis of CRC patients were analyzed. After constructing CRC cell lines that stably overexpressing or silencing MOB1, the changes of cell proliferation and metastasis ability were examined by Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8) and Transwell assay. In addition, the interaction between MOB1 and PAK2 and how the these two genes affect the biological functions of CRC cell lines were investigated by luciferase assay, qRT-PCR and Western Blot experiments. Results Our data showed that MOB1 expression level in CRC tissues was remarkably lower than that in adjacent ones. In comparison to patients of the group of high MOB1 expression, these patients of low MOB1 expression group showed higher incidence of distant or lymph node metastasis and lower survival rate. Cell functional experiments revealed that overexpression of MOB1 markedly attenuated the proliferation and migration ability of CRC cell lines compared to the NC group; In contrast, knockdown of MOB1 enhanced the above-mentioned cell abilities compared to anti-NC group. Luciferase assay verified an interaction between MOB1 and PAK2; and Western blot analysis showed a negative correlation between the expression of the MOB1 and PAK2 protein levels in CRC tissues. Subsequently, we demonstrated that MOB1 interacted with PAK2 to regulate its expression and affected the proliferation and migration capacity of CRC cell lines in vitro. Conclusion In summary, the lowly expressed MOB1 in CRC tissues and cell lines may accelerate the proliferation and migration through modulating PAK2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Proctology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhitao Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Ma
- Department of Proctology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Fu
- Department of Proctology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Yi
- Department of Proctology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
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21
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Vacante M, Ciuni R, Basile F, Biondi A. The Liquid Biopsy in the Management of Colorectal Cancer: An Overview. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E308. [PMID: 32858879 PMCID: PMC7555636 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a crucial need for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity in patients with colorectal cancer. A "liquid biopsy" is characterized by the isolation of cancer-derived components, such as circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and proteins, from peripheral blood or other body fluids and their genomic or proteomic assessment. The liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive and repeatable technique that could play a significant role in screening and diagnosis, and predict relapse and metastasis, as well as monitoring minimal residual disease and chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer patients. However, there are still some practical issues that need to be addressed before liquid biopsy can be widely used in clinical practice. Potential challenges may include low amounts of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA in samples, lack of pre-analytical and analytical consensus, clinical validation, and regulatory endorsement. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the role of liquid biopsy in the management of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vacante
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (F.B.); (A.B.)
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22
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Peng C, Ouyang Y, Lu N, Li N. The NF-κB Signaling Pathway, the Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Tumorigenesis: Recent Advances. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1387. [PMID: 32695120 PMCID: PMC7338561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, especially gastric cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC), represent a major global health burden. A large population of microorganisms residing in the GI tract regulate physiological processes, such as the immune response, metabolic balance, and homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has revealed the alteration of microbial communities in GI tumorigenesis. Experimental studies in cell lines and animal models showed the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of several bacteria in GI cancers, including Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer as well as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Bacteroides fragilis in CRC. The transcriptional factor NF-κB plays a crucial role in the host response to microbial infection through orchestrating innate and adaptive immune functions. Moreover, NF-κB activity is linked to GI cancer initiation and development through its induction of chronic inflammation, cellular transformation and proliferation. Here, we provide an overview and discussion of modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by microbiota, especially infectious bacteria, in GI tumorigenesis, with a major focus on gastric cancer and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaobin Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nonghua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nianshuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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