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Gao ZX, Wang Y, Yan LY, Liu T, Peng LW. Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses in children during the COVID-19 epidemic in Chengdu, China. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0261423. [PMID: 38051057 PMCID: PMC10783071 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02614-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE During the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the Chinese government launched and used a series of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including banning social gatherings, wearing face masks, home isolation, and maintaining hand hygiene, to control the disease spread. Whether and how NPIs influence other respiratory viruses in children remain unclear. In this article, we analyzed relative data and found that the number of samples and positive proportion of respiratory viruses decreased significantly compared with that before the epidemic. Clinicians and public health policymakers should pay attention to changes in the epidemic trends and types of respiratory viruses and maintain monitoring of respiratory-related viruses to avoid possible abnormal rebounds and epidemic outbreaks of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xiang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling-Yi Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei-Wen Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Children Aged <5 Years in China, from 2014−2018. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050810. [PMID: 35632566 PMCID: PMC9147122 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important pathogen that causes acute respiratory tract infections in children. To understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of RSV in children, we analyzed the RSV diagnostic testing results from the 2014−2018 surveillance of acute respiratory infections in China. Among children aged <5 years, RSV incidence during 2014−2018 was 17.3% (3449/19,898), and 89.1% of RSV-positive individuals were inpatients. Children aged < 6 months had a high proportion in RSV infected individual (n = 1234; 35.8%). The highest RSV detection rate was in winter, RSV-A and RSV-B co-circulated year-round and jointly prevailed in 2015−2016. Cough was the common symptom of RSV infection 93.2% (3216/3449). Compared with older children, those aged <6 months were more likely to show breathing difficulty or lung rale that further developed into bronchopneumonia (p < 0.001). The symptoms such as cough, running nose, and diarrhea had significant differences between the RSV-A and RSV-B groups. The rate of RSV co-detection with other viruses or bacteria was 35.4%. Those coinfected with other viruses had a significantly higher incidence of fever, whereas those coinfected with bacteria had higher incidences of breathing difficulty and severe pneumonia. Our findings highlight the need for accumulating epidemiological information for the prevention and control of RSV.
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Duan Y, He J, Cui Y, Li W, Jiang Y. Characteristics and forecasting of respiratory viral epidemics among children in west China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25498. [PMID: 33879683 PMCID: PMC8078258 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the respiratory virus characteristics and forecasts among young children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in west China.This retrospective study investigated the epidemic characteristics of respiratory viruses among 11,813 paediatric ARTI patient samples (mean age, 2.25 years) between March 2018 and March 2020.The ratio of boys to girls was 1.36. The 2 predominant viruses were influenza (Flu) A and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in both years, with Flu A accounting for 47.3% and 47.5% in the first and second years and RSV accounting for 32.7% and 24.7% of the positive samples in the first and second years, respectively. The Flu B positive rates were 10.9% and 13.1%, and those of the other 4 viruses were <7%. The most common virus was RSV in children below 5 years and Flu A in those between 5 and 10 years. Flu A and RSV demonstrated pronounced seasonality, and their infection rates increased from October. During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, isolation measures led to a decline in the number of ARTI cases.This study provides surveillance data of the respiratory viruses in west China. It could guide medical staff in implementing necessary prevention and management strategies before future viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education
| | - Jinlan He
- Departments of Head and Neck Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yali Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education
| | - Wensheng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education
| | - Yongmei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education
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Sánchez-González L, Quandelacy TM, Johansson M, Torres-Velásquez B, Lorenzi O, Tavarez M, Torres S, Alvarado LI, Paz-Bailey G. Viral etiology and seasonal trends of pediatric acute febrile illness in southern Puerto Rico; a seven-year review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247481. [PMID: 33606839 PMCID: PMC7895389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute febrile illness (AFI) is an important cause for seeking health care among children. Knowledge of the most common etiologic agents of AFI and its seasonality is limited in most tropical regions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To describe the viral etiology of AFI in pediatric patients (≤18 years) recruited through a sentinel enhanced dengue surveillance system (SEDSS) in Southern Puerto Rico, we analyzed data for patients enrolled from 2012 to May 2018. To identify seasonal patterns, we applied time-series analyses to monthly arboviral and respiratory infection case data. We calculated coherence and phase differences for paired time-series to quantify the association between each time series. A viral pathogen was found in 47% of the 14,738 patients. Influenza A virus was the most common pathogen detected (26%). The incidence of Zika and dengue virus etiologies increased with age. Arboviral infections peaked between June and September throughout the times-series. Respiratory infections have seasonal peaks occurring in the fall and winter months of each year, though patterns vary by individual respiratory pathogen. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Distinct seasonal patterns and differences in relative frequency by age groups seen in this study can guide clinical and laboratory assessment in pediatric patients with AFI in Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Talia M. Quandelacy
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Michael Johansson
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Olga Lorenzi
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mariana Tavarez
- Saint Luke’s Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Sanet Torres
- Saint Luke’s Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Luisa I. Alvarado
- Saint Luke’s Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Huang XB, Yuan L, Ye CX, Zhu X, Lin CJ, Zhang DM, He KS, Niu RX, Cao KY, Xu L. Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses in patients with acute respiratory infections during 2009-2018 in southern China. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 98:21-32. [PMID: 32562851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) remain a significant public threat with high morbidity and mortality worldwide; viruses are significant pathogens that cause ARIs. This study was conducted to better understand the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses circulating in southern China. METHODS We collected 22,680 respiratory samples from ARI patients in 18 hospitals in southern China during 2009-2018; seven common respiratory viruses including Flu, RSV, PIV, hMPV, ADV, HCoV, and HBoV were screened using in-house real-time PCR. RESULTS Of all samples, 9760 ARI cases (9760/22680, 43.03%) tested positive for the seven common respiratory viruses. The most detected virus was Flu (14.15%), followed by RSV (10.33%) and PIV (5.43%); Flu-A, PIV3, and HCoV-OC43 were the predominant subtypes. Although most of the viruses were detected in male inpatients, Flu was more likely detected in female outpatients. Flu infection was more likely to cause URTI (upper respiratory tract infection), whereas RSV infection was more likely to cause pneumonia and bronchitis. The prevalence of Flu was particularly high in 2009. The epidemic level was found notably high in 2014-2018 for RSV, in 2016-2018 for PIV, in the summer of 2018 for ADV, in the summer of 2016 and winter of 2018 for HCoV, and in the summer of 2011 and autumn of 2018 for HBoV. The co-detection rate of the seven viruses was 4.70%; RSV, PIV, and Flu were the most commonly co-detected viruses. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the epidemiological characteristics of seven common respiratory viruses in ARI patients in southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Bin Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Clinical laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong-Xiu Ye
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui-Ji Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Mei Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Shu He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Xi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Yuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Inagaki A, Kitano T, Nishikawa H, Suzuki R, Onaka M, Nishiyama A, Kitagawa D, Oka M, Masuo K, Yoshida S. The Epidemiology of Admission-Requiring Pediatric Respiratory Infections in a Japanese Community Hospital Using Multiplex PCR. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 74:23-28. [PMID: 32611977 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the most common diseases globally among children. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology of admission-requiring pediatric RTI cases and evaluate the effect of the pathogen type on the length of hospital stay (LOS) using the FilmArray® respiratory panel, a multiplex PCR test. The age-specific distribution and seasonality of viruses were investigated between March 26, 2018 and April 12, 2019. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of pathogen type and coinfection on LOS. Among 153 hospitalized RTI patients, respiratory syncytial virus was the leading cause of hospitalization in infants < 12 months of age (27.7%). Human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza virus were also major causes of hospitalization in patients aged 2-3 years (22.6% and 22.6%, respectively). In the multivariable linear regression model excluding rhinovirus/enterovirus, there was a significant association between viral coinfection and longer LOS (p = 0.012), while single viral infection of any type was not positively correlated with LOS. This study revealed the epidemiology of admission-requiring pediatric RTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Inagaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
| | - Taito Kitano
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Hiroki Nishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
| | - Rika Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
| | - Masayuki Onaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nishiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitagawa
- Department of Microbiology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
| | - Miyako Oka
- Department of Microbiology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
| | - Kazue Masuo
- Department of Microbiology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
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