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Zhao Q, Wu G, Yang P, Shi Y, Fu Z, Mo H, Shi C, Yu S. Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Massive Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seeds. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:343. [PMID: 38540402 PMCID: PMC10969933 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a traditional medicinal plant for treating human diseases that is widely cultivated in many countries. However, the component and related metabolic pathways are still unclear. To understand the changes in expression of the component and related genes during seed development, this study employed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses and integrative analysis to explore the metabolites and pathways involved in the growth of fenugreek. The antifungal activity of the fenugreek seeds was also analyzed. A total of 9499 metabolites were identified in the positive ion mode, and 8043 metabolites were identified in the negative ion mode. Among them, the main components were fatty acyls, prenol lipids, steroids, steroid derivatives, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids. Among these enriched pathways, the top 20 pathways were "flavone and flavonol biosynthesis", "isoflavonoid biosynthesis", and "flavonoid biosynthesis". 3,7-Di-O-methylquercetin, flavonoids, pseudobaptigenin, isoflavonoids, methylecgonine, alkaloids, and derivatives were the most significantly upregulated metabolites. There were 38,137 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified via transcriptomic analysis. According to the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, 147 DEGs were significantly enriched in "flavonoid biosynthesis". Ten DEGs of the six key enzymes were found to be involved in three pathways related to flavonoid and alkaloid synthesis in fenugreek. The antifungal activity test revealed the inhibitory effect of the ethanol extract of fenugreek seeds on Alternaria tenuissima (Kunze)Wiltshire and Magnaporthe oryzae. These findings further prove that the use of botanical pesticides in fenugreek fruit has research value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Zhao
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China;
| | - Guoxing Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (G.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Pu Yang
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (P.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.F.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yuanchong Shi
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (P.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.F.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zuoyi Fu
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (P.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.F.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Haifeng Mo
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (P.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.F.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Chunlan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (G.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Shuhui Yu
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China;
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Chen D, Chen Y, Huang F, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Xu L. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of colorectal carcinoma by combining Vitexin and Aspirin: based on systems biology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and in vitro study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1147132. [PMID: 37564983 PMCID: PMC10410442 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1147132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent digestive system malignancy. Aspirin is currently one of the most promising chemopreventive agents for CRC, and the combination of aspirin and natural compounds helps to enhance the anticancer activity of aspirin. Natural flavonoids like vitexin have an anticancer activity focusing on colorectal carcinoma. Methods This study investigated the potential mechanism of action of the novel combination of vitexin and aspirin against colorectal cancer through network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and in vitro experiments. Results The results of network pharmacology suggested that vitexin and aspirin regulate multiple signaling pathways through various target proteins such as NFKB1, PTGS2 (COX-2), MAPK1, MAPK3, and TP53. Cellular experiments revealed that the combined effect of vitexin and aspirin significantly inhibited HT-29 cell growth. Vitexin dose-dependently inhibited COX-2 expression in cells and enhanced the down-regulation of COX-2 and NF-κB expression in colorectal cancer cells by aspirin. Discussion This study provides a pharmacodynamic material and theoretical basis for applying agents against colorectal cancer to delay the development of drug resistance and improve the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengsheng Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Yulv Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine and Anorectology, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Luning Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
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Cao X, Liu Q, Adu-Frimpong M, Shi W, Liu K, Deng T, Yuan H, Weng X, Gao Y, Yu Q, Deng W, Yu J, Wang Q, Xiao G, Xu X. Microfluidic Generation of Near-Infrared Photothermal Vitexin/ICG Liposome with Amplified Photodynamic Therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:82. [PMID: 36949351 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma, in which a malignant tumor cell occurs in neural mesenchymal cells, has a rapid progression and poor prognosis, which is still far from desirable in clinical treatments. We developed a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for the rapid and efficient preparation of vitexin/indocyanine green (ICG) liposomes. Vitexin could be released from liposome to kill cancer cell, which can potentially improve the glioma therapeutic effect and reduce the treatment time through synergistic photodynamic/photothermal therapies (PDT/PTT). The vitexin/ICG liposome was fabricated via LOC and its physicochemical property and release in vitro were evaluated. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and live/dead staining were used to examine the enhanced antitumor effect of vitexin/ICG liposome in cooperation with PDT/PTT, while the related mechanism was explored by flow cytometry and western blot. The results were as follows: (1) The prepared vitexin/ICG liposome was smaller in size, homogenous in particle size distribution with significant low polydispersity index (PDI), and enhanced cumulative release in vitro. (2) We found that the formulated liposome presented strong cancer cell inhibition and suppression of its migration in a dose-dependent manner. (3) Further mechanistic studies showed that liposome combined with near-infrared irradiation could significantly upregulate levels of B cell lymphoma 2-associated X (Bax) protein and decrease B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) at protein levels. The vitexin/ICG liposomes prepared based on a simple LOC platform can effectively enhance the solubility of insoluble drugs, and the combined effect of PTT/PDT can effectively increase their antitumor effect, which provides a simple and valid method for the clinical translation of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Adu-Frimpong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences (CKT-UTAS), Navrongo, UK-0215-5321, Ghana
| | - Wenwan Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedi Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihong Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gao Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China.
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China.
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Li YY, Tian ZH, Su SS, Shi JJ, Zhou C, Zhang LH, Zhang FR, Hao YK. Anti-apoptotic effect of HeidihuangWan in renal tubular epithelial cells via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115882. [PMID: 36341817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Heidihuang Wan (HDHW) is a classic Chinese herbal formula, which was first recorded in the "Suwen Bingji Qiyi Baoming Collection" written by Liu Wansu during the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234 AD). It is commonly used clinically for the treatment of kidney diseases and its curative effect is stable. Previous animal experiments have confirmed that HDHW can effectively improve renal fibrosis. However, the underlying pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. AIMS OF THIS STUDY Renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) apoptosis is one of the main pathological features of renal fibrosis. This study aimed to observe the effect and underlying mechanism of HDHW on the apoptosis of RTECs to further explore the pathological mechanism of HDHW against renal fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the HDHW composition in rat serum. In vitro, we first screened out the optimal intervention concentration of HDHW on RTECs using the MTT assay. Hypoxia/reoxygenation was then used to induce apoptosis of RTECs (H/R-RTECs), which were divided into H/R-RTEC, astragaloside IV (positive control), HDHW, and RTECs groups. After 48 h of drug intervention, apoptosis of RTECs was detected using flow cytometry and protein expression was detected by western blotting. The 5/6 nephrectomy rat model was constructed and divided into the normal control, 5/6 nephrectomy, HDHW, and astragaloside IV groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis, and western blotting was used to detect protein expression. RESULTS HDHW downregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase3, up-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and reversed the early apoptosis of RTECs, thereby resisting the apoptosis of RTECs. CONCLUSION HDHW inhibits apoptosis of RTECs by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This study provides experimental evidence for the anti-fibrotic effect of HDHW on the kidneys and partially elucidates its pharmacological mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Li
- College of First Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zeng-Hui Tian
- College of First Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Su
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Shi
- College of First Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Fa-Rong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yan-Ke Hao
- Department of Spine Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Targeting mTOR as a Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances in Natural Bioactive Compounds and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225520. [PMID: 36428613 PMCID: PMC9688668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine-protein kinase, which regulates many biological processes related to metabolism, cancer, immune function, and aging. It is an essential protein kinase that belongs to the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) family and has two known signaling complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Even though mTOR signaling plays a critical role in promoting mitochondria-related protein synthesis, suppressing the catabolic process of autophagy, contributing to lipid metabolism, engaging in ribosome formation, and acting as a critical regulator of mRNA translation, it remains one of the significant signaling systems involved in the tumor process, particularly in apoptosis, cell cycle, and cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, the mTOR signaling system could be suggested as a cancer biomarker, and its targeting is important in anti-tumor therapy research. Indeed, its dysregulation is involved in different types of cancers such as colon, neck, cervical, head, lung, breast, reproductive, and bone cancers, as well as nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Moreover, recent investigations showed that targeting mTOR could be considered as cancer therapy. Accordingly, this review presents an overview of recent developments associated with the mTOR signaling pathway and its molecular involvement in various human cancer types. It also summarizes the research progress of different mTOR inhibitors, including natural and synthetised compounds and their main mechanisms, as well as the rational combinations with immunotherapies.
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Zhang H, Du X, Yu J, Jin H, Liu N. Comparative Metabolomics study of flavonoids in the pericarp of different coloured bitter gourds ( Momordica charantia L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1347-1357. [PMID: 36051232 PMCID: PMC9424440 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a member of Cucurbitaceae family and has long been used as a source of food and medicine for its rich bioactive components or secondary metabolites. However, there are relatively few large-scale detection, identification, and quantitative studies on flavonoids in the pericarp of bitter gourds of different colours. To determine the differences in the diversity and specificity of flavonoids in the pericarp of bitter gourd of different colours, the metabolic profiles in the pericarp of three coloured bitter gourd accessions, dark green (mo), pale green (lv), and white (bai), were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Priorly, it was confirmed that the different shades of green were caused by the content of chlorophyll. A total of 93 metabolites, including 90 flavonoids and three tannins, were detected in the current study. These 90 flavonoids included three isoflavones, nine dihydroflavones, seven flavanols, 34 flavonols, 26 flavonoids, four chalcones, five flavonoid carbonosides, and two dihydroflavonols. Compared to mo, both lv and bai had 21 and 25 different metabolites, respectively, while there were only nine different metabolites between lv and bai. The relative contents of vitexin and isovitexin increased with the deeper colour of the bitter gourd. Thus, the different metabolites in coloured bitter gourds are mainly involved in the biosynthesis of flavonols, flavonoid carbonosides, and flavonoids. This study enables identification of metabolic differences in the pericarp of bitter gourds of different colours. The results will be helpful for quality breeding of new bitter gourd varieties and shall provide a reference for their medical application. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01210-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Xuan Du
- The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Jizhu Yu
- The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Haijun Jin
- The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Na Liu
- The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
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Role of Induced Programmed Cell Death in the Chemopreventive Potential of Apigenin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073757. [PMID: 35409117 PMCID: PMC8999072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), which is one of the most widely distributed phytochemicals in the plant kingdom, is one of the most thoroughly investigated phenolic components. Previous studies have attributed the physiological effects of apigenin to its anti-allergic, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and blood-pressure-lowering properties, and its documented anticancer properties have been attributed to the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, the inhibition of inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation, and the regulation of cellular responses to oxidative stress and DNA damage. The most well-known mechanism for the compound’s anticancer effects in human cancer cell lines is apoptosis, followed by autophagy, and studies have also reported that apigenin induces novel cell death mechanisms, such as necroptosis and ferroptosis. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the therapeutic potential of apigenin as a chemopreventive agent, as well as the roles of programmed cell death mechanisms in the compound’s chemopreventive properties.
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Qiu S, Chen J, Kim JT, Zhou Y, Moon JH, Lee SB, Park HJ, Lee HJ. Suppression of Adipogenesis and Fat Accumulation by Vitexin Through Activation of Hedgehog Signaling in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. J Med Food 2022; 25:313-323. [PMID: 35320011 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that adipogenesis is associated with obesity, and the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates adipogenesis and obesity. Following the screening study of the chemical library evaluating the effect of vitexin on Gli1 transcriptional activity, vitexin was chosen as a candidate for antiadipogenic efficacy. Vitexin significantly reduced lipid accumulation and suppressed C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α) and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) expression, which are known as key adipogenic factors in the early stages of adipogenesis by activating Hh signaling. Furthermore, Hh inhibitor GANT61 reversed the effect of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide), indicating that Hh signaling is an upstream regulator of AMPK in 3T3-L1 cells. Vitexin suppressed adipogenesis by regulating Hh signaling and phosphorylation of AMPK, leading to the inhibition of fat formation. These results suggest that vitexin can be considered a potent dietary agent in alleviating lipid accumulation and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Qiu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Yimeng Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Moon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Seung Beom Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Ho Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
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Effects of Vitexin, a Natural Flavonoid Glycoside, on the Proliferation, Invasion, and Apoptosis of Human U251 Glioblastoma Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3129155. [PMID: 35281458 PMCID: PMC8906934 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3129155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by high recurrence and poor prognosis. Vitexin has shown activities against esophageal, liver, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancers; however, there is little knowledge on the activity of vitexin against glioblastoma. This study was therefore designed with aims to examine the effects of vitexin on proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of human U251 glioblastoma cells and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms using mRNA sequencing and molecular docking. Vitexin was found to inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion and promote apoptosis in U251 cells. mRNA sequencing identified 499 differentially expressed genes in vitexin-treated U251 cells relative to controls, including 154 upregulated genes and 345 downregulated genes. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were most significantly enriched in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and the downregulated genes were most significantly enriched in positive regulation of cell development and positive regulation of locomotion relating to biological processes, endoplasmic reticulum lumen and side of membrane relating to cellular components, and receptor ligand activity and receptor regulator activity relating to molecular functions. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were involved in the pathways of transcriptional misregulation in cancer and the downregulated genes were involved in FoxO and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Western blotting assay revealed that vitexin treatment resulted in reduced p-JAK1, p-JAK3, and p-STAT3 protein expression in U251 cells relative to untreated controls, and molecular docking predicted that vitexin had docking scores of –8.8, –10.8, and –10.5 kJ/mol with STAT3, JAK1, and JAK2, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrate that vitexin inhibits the proliferation and invasion and induces the apoptosis of glioblastoma U251 cells through suppressing the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, and vitexin may be a promising potential agent for the chemotherapy of glioblastoma.
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10
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Zhou G, Cui J, Xie S, Wan H, Luo Y, Guo G. Vitexin, a fenugreek glycoside, ameliorated obesity-induced diabetic nephropathy via modulation of NF-κB/IkBα and AMPK/ACC pathways in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1183-1193. [PMID: 33704405 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most critical risk factors for diabetes mellitus and plays a significant role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present investigation aimed to evaluate the possible mechanism of action of vitexin on obesity-induced DN in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed experimental C57BL/6 mice model. Obesity was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by chronic administration of HFD, and mice were concomitantly treated with vitexin (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg, p.o.). HFD-induced increased renal oxido-nitrosative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels were significantly inhibited by vitexin. The Western blot analysis suggested that alteration in renal NF-κB, IκBα, nephrin, AMPK, and ACC phosphorylation levels was effectively restored by vitexin treatment. Histological aberration induced in renal tissue after chronic administration of HFD was also reduced by vitexin. In conclusion, vitexin suppressed the progression of obesity-induced DN via modulation of NF-κB/IkBα and AMPK/ACC pathways in an experimental model of HFD-induced DN in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangju Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiale Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Suhua Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyan Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Li J, Tan G, Cai Y, Liu R, Xiong X, Gu B, He W, Liu B, Ren Q, Wu J, Chi B, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Zou Z, Kang F, Xu K. A novel Apigenin derivative suppresses renal cell carcinoma via directly inhibiting wild-type and mutant MET. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114620. [PMID: 34043966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
MET, the receptor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), is a driving factor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and also a proven drug target for cancer treatment. To improve the activity and to investigate the mechanisms of action of Apigenin (APG), novel derivatives of APG with improved properties were synthesized and their activities against Caki-1 human renal cancer cell line were evaluated. It was found that compound 15e exhibited excellent potency against the growth of multiple RCC cell lines including Caki-1, Caki-2 and ACHN and is superior to APG and Crizotinib. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that compound 15e can inhibit Caki-1 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, 15e directly targeted the MET kinase domain, decreased its auto-phosphorylation at Y1234/Y1235 and inhibited its kinase activity and downstream signaling. Importantly, 15e had inhibitory activity against mutant MET V1238I and Y1248H which were resistant to approved MET inhibitors Cabozantinib, Crizotinib or Capmatinib. In vivo tumor graft study confirmed that 15e repressed RCC growth through inhibition of MET activation. These results indicate that compound 15e has the potential to be developed as a treatment for RCC, and especially against drug-resistant MET mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Guishan Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yabo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd, Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Ruihuan Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd, Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Baohua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd, Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd, Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd, Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Qingyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd, Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Bo Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd, Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd, Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Yanzhong Zhao
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yangrui Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhenxing Zou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fenghua Kang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Kangping Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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12
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Ponte LGS, Pavan ICB, Mancini MCS, da Silva LGS, Morelli AP, Severino MB, Bezerra RMN, Simabuco FM. The Hallmarks of Flavonoids in Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:2029. [PMID: 33918290 PMCID: PMC8038160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids represent an important group of bioactive compounds derived from plant-based foods and beverages with known biological activity in cells. From the modulation of inflammation to the inhibition of cell proliferation, flavonoids have been described as important therapeutic adjuvants against several diseases, including diabetes, arteriosclerosis, neurological disorders, and cancer. Cancer is a complex and multifactor disease that has been studied for years however, its prevention is still one of the best known and efficient factors impacting the epidemiology of the disease. In the molecular and cellular context, some of the mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and the progression of the disease are understood, known as the hallmarks of cancer. In this text, we review important molecular signaling pathways, including inflammation, immunity, redox metabolism, cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle, and analyze the known mechanisms of action of flavonoids in cancer. The current literature provides enough evidence supporting that flavonoids may be important adjuvants in cancer therapy, highlighting the importance of healthy and balanced diets to prevent the onset and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gustavo Saboia Ponte
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
- Laboratory of Signal Mechanisms (LMS), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camargo Silva Mancini
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Luiz Guilherme Salvino da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Ana Paula Morelli
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Matheus Brandemarte Severino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Rosangela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
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