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Ladurner M, Lindner AK, Rehder P, Tulchiner G. The influence of sex hormones on renal cell carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359241269664. [PMID: 39175990 PMCID: PMC11339752 DOI: 10.1177/17588359241269664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer is a common malignancy that constitutes around 5% of all cancer cases. Males are twice as likely to acquire renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared to females and experience a higher rate of mortality. These disparities indicate that sex hormone (SH)-dependent pathways may have an impact on the aetiology and pathophysiology of RCC. Examination of SH involvement in conventional signalling pathways, as well as genetics and genomics, especially the involvement of ribonucleic acid, reveal further insights into sex-related differences. An understanding of SHs and their influence on kidney cancer is essential to offer patients individualized medicine that would better meet their needs in terms of prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This review presents the understanding of sex-related differences in the clinical manifestation of kidney cancer patients and the underlying biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ladurner
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Peter Rehder
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gennadi Tulchiner
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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2
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Wang S. Evaluating the KEYNOTE-057 trial's findings: addressing demographic, methodological, and economic considerations. Lancet Oncol 2024; 25:e335. [PMID: 39089309 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wang
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Public Health, China Medical University, China.
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3
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Steinberg GD, Shore ND, Redorta JP, Galsky MD, Bedke J, Ku JH, Kretkowski M, Hu H, Penkov K, Vermette JJ, Tarazi JC, Randall AE, Pierce KJ, Saltzstein D, Powles TB. CREST: phase III study of sasanlimab and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-naïve high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Future Oncol 2024; 20:891-901. [PMID: 38189180 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the standard of care for patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). BCG in combination with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors may yield greater anti-tumor activity compared with either agent alone. CREST is a phase III study evaluating the efficacy and safety of the subcutaneous PD-1 inhibitor sasanlimab in combination with BCG for patients with BCG-naive high-risk NMIBC. Eligible participants are randomized to receive sasanlimab plus BCG (induction ± maintenance) or BCG alone for up to 25 cycles within 12 weeks of TURBT. The primary outcome is event-free survival. Secondary outcomes include additional efficacy end points and safety. The target sample size is around 1000 participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Steinberg
- Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neal D Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, Grand Strand Urology, 823 82nd Parkway, Myrtle Beach, SC 29572, USA
| | - Joan Palou Redorta
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C. de Cartagena 340-350, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai, 1190 One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ja Hyeon Ku
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Michal Kretkowski
- Clinical Research Center, Spolka z Ograniczona, Feliksa Nowowiejskiego 5, 61-731 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hailong Hu
- Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Konstantin Penkov
- Private Medical Institution Euromedservice, Suvorovskiy Prospekt, 60, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Jamal C Tarazi
- Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer, 10646 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Alison E Randall
- Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Kristen J Pierce
- Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer, 280 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Daniel Saltzstein
- Division of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Thomas B Powles
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 5PZ, UK
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Grabe-Heyne K, Henne C, Mariappan P, Geiges G, Pöhlmann J, Pollock RF. Intermediate and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an overview of epidemiology, burden, and unmet needs. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1170124. [PMID: 37333804 PMCID: PMC10272547 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1170124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer ranks among the most common cancers globally. At diagnosis, 75% of patients have non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Patients with low-risk NMIBC have a good prognosis, but recurrence and progression rates remain high in intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC, despite the decades-long availability of effective treatments for NMIBC such as intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The present review provides an overview of NMIBC, including its burden and treatment options, and then reviews aspects that counteract the successful treatment of NMIBC, referred to as unmet treatment needs. The scale and reasons for each unmet need are described based on a comprehensive review of the literature, including insufficient adherence to treatment guidelines by physicians because of insufficient knowledge, training, or access to certain therapy options. Low rates of lifestyle changes and treatment completion by patients, due to BCG shortages or toxicities and adverse events as well as their impact on social activities, represent additional areas of potential improvement. Highly heterogeneous evidence for the effectiveness and safety of some treatments limits the comparability of results across studies. As a result, efforts are underway to standardize treatment schedules for BCG, but intravesical chemotherapy schedules remain unstandardized. In addition, risk-scoring models often perform unsatisfactorily due to significant differences between derivation and real-world cohorts. Reporting in clinical trials suffers from a lack of consistent outcomes reporting in bladder cancer clinical trials, paired with an under-representation of racial and ethnic minorities in many trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paramananthan Mariappan
- Edinburgh Bladder Cancer Surgery (EBCS), Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Sengupta N, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Anand R. Sex bias phenomenon in oral cancer: an insight. Future Oncol 2023; 19:1381-1384. [PMID: 37403625 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Sengupta
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, 411018, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, 411018, India
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, 411018, India
| | - Rahul Anand
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, 411018, India
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Sanguedolce F, Zanelli M, Palicelli A, Bisagni A, Zizzo M, Ascani S, Pedicillo MC, Cormio A, Falagario UG, Carrieri G, Cormio L. HER2 Expression in Bladder Cancer: A Focused View on Its Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Role. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043720. [PMID: 36835131 PMCID: PMC9962688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease from a molecular, morphological, and clinical standpoint. HER2 is a known oncogene involved in bladder carcinogenesis. Assessing HER2 overexpression as a result of its molecular changes in a routine pathology practice using immunohistochemistry might be a useful adjunct in several scenarios, namely (1) to correctly identify flat urothelial lesions and inverted urothelial lesions in the diagnostic setting; (2) to provide prognostic hints in both non-muscle invasive (NMI) and muscle invasive (MI) tumors, thus supplementing risk stratification tools, especially when evaluating higher-risk tumors such as those with variant morphology; (3) to improve antibody panels as a surrogate marker of BC molecular subtyping. Furthermore, the potential of HER2 as a therapeutic target has been only partly explored so far, in light of the ongoing development of novel target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sanguedolce
- Pathology Unit, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisagni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zizzo
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ascani
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Cormio
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Di Ancona, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ugo Giovanni Falagario
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Department of Urology, Bonomo Teaching Hospital, 76123 Andria, Italy
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7
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Fadel J, Simonyan D, Fradet V, Lodde M, Lacombe L, Fradet Y, Toren P. Analysis of sex-based differences to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:539.e1-539.e8. [PMID: 36272848 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether differences exist between men and women in response to intravesical BCG treatments. The incidence of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is lower in women but they tend to present with more aggressive and advanced disease. Some prior studies also suggest there are sex-based differences in response to treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder tumors. METHODS In this retrospective study, we reviewed all consecutive patients who received BCG at the CHU de Québec - Laval University from 2009-2019. Men and women were treated with intravesical BCG therapy following pathologic confirmation of urothelial carcinoma. Outcomes evaluated include recurrence, progression, and treatment tolerability. Recurrence was defined as a pathology confirmed cancer whereas progression was the new development of high-grade (recurrence) pathology or an increase of stage. Tolerability was defined according to the proportion of prescribed BCG received. All clinical details were obtained through review of the medical records, collaborated by pharmacy records for BCG administration. Competing-risk analysis was used to compare outcomes. RESULTS Among 613 patients who received BCG at our institution between 2009-2019, 472 (77.0%) were men and 141 (23.0%) were women. The recurrence rate was not different between sexes, with a 5-year recurrence risk of 52% (95% CI: 36.93-65.4) among women compared to 57.5% (CI 95%: 51.9-62.6) among men. The overall non-progression rate at 1,3 and 5 years was 97.3% (95% CI: 95.6%-98.3%), 93.6% (95% CI: 91.2%-95.4%), and 91.7% (95% CI: 88.4%-94.1%), respectively. The completion of ≥5 induction BCG instillations and maintenance BCG use was similar in both genders. CONCLUSIONS We report a contemporary NMIBC cohort treated with BCG and find no clear evidence for sex-based differences in response to BCG treatment in regard of progression, recurrence, and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fadel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division
| | - David Simonyan
- Clinical and Evaluative Research Platform, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division
| | - Michele Lodde
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division
| | - Yves Fradet
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division
| | - Paul Toren
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division.
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8
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Li S, Karagas MR, Jackson BP, Passarelli MN, Gui J. Adaptive-mixture-categorization (AMC)-based g-computation and its application to trace element mixtures and bladder cancer risk. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17841. [PMID: 36284198 PMCID: PMC9596719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Several new statistical methods have been developed to identify the overall impact of an exposure mixture on health outcomes. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression assigns the joint mixture effect weights to indicate the overall association of multiple exposures, and quantile-based g-computation is a generalized version of WQS without the restriction of directional homogeneity. This paper proposes an adaptive-mixture-categorization (AMC)-based g-computation approach that combines g-computation with an optimal exposure categorization search using the F statistic. AMC-based g-computation reduces variance within each category and retains the variance between categories to build more powerful predictors. In a simulation study, the performance of association analysis was improved using categorizing by AMC compared with quantiles. We applied this method to assess the association between a mixture of 12 trace element concentrations measured from toenails and the risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Our findings suggested that medium-level (116.7-145.5 μg/g) vs. low-level (39.5-116.2 μg/g) of toenail zinc had a statistically significant positive association with bladder cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Li
- Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Program, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Trace Element Analysis Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Michael N Passarelli
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
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9
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Combining Antiandrogens with Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer Treatment. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022; 43:35-44. [PMID: 36246841 PMCID: PMC9557088 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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10
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Liu J, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zhang W, Meng L, Wang J, Lv Z, Xia H, Zhang Y, Wang J. Predictive role of ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs in bladder cancer and their association with immune microenvironment and immunotherapy response. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:47. [PMID: 35209909 PMCID: PMC8867683 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported that ferroptosis has an important role in bladder cancer development. In this study, we aimed to further explore the possible predictive ability of ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in bladder cancer and their relation with immune microenvironment and immunotherapy response. Materials and methods The ferroptosis-related lncRNAs were identified by Pearson’s correlation analysis. The predictive lncRNA signature was developed by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Only the main effects of independent variables in multivariate analysis were included in this signature. The TCGA dataset was defined as the training cohort and GEO was the validation cohort in this study. All samples were grouped into a high- or low-risk group depending on risk signature. The prognostic role of lncRNA signature was explored through survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis in both TCGA and GEO cohorts. Additionally, the independent prognostic ability of the lncRNA signature was confirmed by multivariate independent analysis. Furthermore, the relationship between lncRNAs and immune microenvironment as well as immunotherapy response in bladder cancers was studied. Results The Kaplan–Meier curves identified significantly poorer overall survival outcomes for high-risk groups in both TCGA (p < 0.001) and GEO (p < 0.001) cohorts. The area under the curve (AUC) during ROC analysis of 1, 3, and 5 years was 0.781 ± 0.046, 0.784 ± 0.027, and 0.817 ± 0.025, respectively, in the TCGA cohort and 0.665 ± 0.177, 0.719 ± 0.068, and 0.791 ± 0.055, respectively, in the GEO cohort. The multivariate independent analysis in TCGA cohort identified age (p = 0.003), stage (p < 0.001), and signature risk score (p < 0.001) as independent risk factors for overall survival. Furthermore, this study demonstrated a significant difference in infiltration levels of various immune cells between high- and low-risk groups. The high risk group tended to have a lower expression of proteins including PD1 (p < 0.01), PD-L1 (p < 0.01), CTLA-4 (p < 0.05), etc. corresponding to various immune checkpoints. Additionally, the immunotherapy trial confirmed that the high-risk group tended to have a poorer treatment response than the low-risk group (p < 0.001). Conclusions The ferroptosis-related lncRNAs exhibited a good predictive capacity for overall survival in bladder cancer. Additionally, they could be utilized to reveal tumour-immune microenvironment and immunotherapy responses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-022-02514-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan Santiao, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan Santiao, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lingfeng Meng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan Santiao, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan Santiao, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhengtong Lv
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan Santiao, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haoran Xia
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan Santiao, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yaoguang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan Santiao, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jianye Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan Santiao, Beijing, 100730, China.
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11
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Siracusano S, Zaka A, Romantini F, Porcaro AB, Vicentini C, Lonardi C. Quality of Life in Female Patients Following Ileal Neobladder and Ileal Conduit: Where Are We? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143042. [PMID: 34300207 PMCID: PMC8304698 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Women undergoing a radical cystectomy (RC) followed by a urinary diversion (UD) for bladder cancer (BC), experience a substantial reduction in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). At present, studies comparing long-term QOL outcomes for different UD methods in female patients are lacking. We summarize the current state of the QoL assessment in female patients after an RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Siracusano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.R.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Agustina Zaka
- Department of Urology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (A.Z.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Federico Romantini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.R.); (C.V.)
| | | | - Carlo Vicentini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.R.); (C.V.)
| | - Cristina Lonardi
- Department of Human Science, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
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Ripoll J, Ramos M, Montaño J, Pons J, Ameijide A, Franch P. Cancer-specific survival by stage of bladder cancer and factors collected by Mallorca Cancer Registry associated to survival. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:676. [PMID: 34098901 PMCID: PMC8186217 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Information about survival by stage in bladder cancer is scarce, as well as about survival of non-invasive bladder cancer. The aims of this study are: 1) to find out the distribution of bladder cancer by stage; 2) to determine cancer-specific survival by stage of bladder cancer; 3) to identify factors that explain and predict the likelihood of survival and the risk of dying from these cancers. Methods Incident bladder cancer cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2011 were identified through the Mallorca Cancer Registry. Inclusion criteria: cases with code C67 according to the ICD-O 3rd edition with any behaviour and any histology, except lymphomas and small cell carcinomas. Cases identified exclusively through the death certificate were excluded. We collected the following data: sex; age; date and method of diagnosis; histology according to the ICD-O 3rd edition; T, N, M and stage at the time of diagnosis; and date of follow-up or death. End point of follow-up was 31 December 2015. Multiple imputation (MI) was performed to estimate cases with unknown stage. Cases with benign or indeterminate behaviour were excluded for the survival analysis. Actuarial and Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression models were used for survival analysis. Results One thousand nine hundred fourteen cases were identified. 14% were women and 65.4% were 65 years or older. 3.9% had no stage (benign or undetermined behaviour) and 11.5% had unknown stage. After MI, 37.5% were in stage Ta (non-invasive papillary carcinoma), 3.2% in stage Tis (carcinoma in situ), 34.3% in stage I, 11.7% in Stage II, 4.3% in stage III, and 9.0% in stage IV. Survival was 76% at 5 years. Survival by stage: 98% at stage Ta, 90% at stage Tis, 85% at stage I, 45% at stage II, 35% at stage III, and 7% at stage IV. The Cox model showed that age, histology, and stage, but not sex, were associated with survival. Conclusion Bladder cancer survival vary greatly with stage, among both non-invasive and invasive cases. The percentage of non-invasive cancers is high. Stage, age, and histology are associated to survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ripoll
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Health Service, Palma, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, 07120, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - M Ramos
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, 07120, Illes Balears, Spain. .,Mallorca Cancer Registry, Balearic Islands Public Health Department, Palma, Spain.
| | - J Montaño
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, 07120, Illes Balears, Spain.,University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - J Pons
- Mallorca Cancer Registry, Balearic Islands Public Health Department, Palma, Spain
| | - A Ameijide
- Tarragona Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Service. Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, IISPV., Reus, Spain
| | - P Franch
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, 07120, Illes Balears, Spain.,Mallorca Cancer Registry, Balearic Islands Public Health Department, Palma, Spain
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13
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Al-Sharaky DR, Abdelwahed M, Asaad N, Foda A, Abdou AG. Stratification of urinary bladder carcinoma based on immunohistochemical expression of CK5, CK14 and CK20. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2020; 42:236-251. [PMID: 33213275 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1845726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular subtyping of urothelial carcinoma (UC) is similar to that of breast cancer and is based on the developmental biology approach. The aim of the present study is to assess the prognostic impact of CK5, CK14, and CK20 expression in urinary bladder cancer (UBC) with the potential to stratify them into different subtypes. The current study examined the immunohistochemical expression of CK5, CK14, and CK20 in 90 specimens of UBC. CK5 was expressed in 81.1% of the cases and was significantly associated with old age, muscle invasion, presence of bilharziasis, and tendency for poor overall survival. CK20 was expressed in 47.8% of the cases and was associated with nonmuscle invasion and pure UC while 50% of the cases expressed CK14 that were associated with muscle invasion and perineural invasion. Most squamous cell carcinoma and those associated with bilharziasis were belonged to Ck5+/CK20- subgroup while pure UC and those lacked bilharziasis were located in the Ck5+/CK20+ subgroup. The basal group (Ck5+/CK14+/CK20-) showed high proliferative features compared to the intermediate group (Ck5+/CK14-/CK20-). Generally, presence of CK5 is associated with adverse features especially in the group lacking CK20; however, basal and intermediate subgroups share CK5 expression but they show different proliferative capacities, so their distinction by CK14 is helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia R Al-Sharaky
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Moshira Abdelwahed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Nancy Asaad
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Amira Foda
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
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14
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Kourbanhoussen K, McMartin C, Lodde M, Zlotta A, Bryan RT, Toren P. Switching Cancers: A Systematic Review Assessing the Role of Androgen Suppressive Therapy in Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2020; 7:1044-1051. [PMID: 33132108 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bladder cancer demonstrates striking gender-based differences in incidence, with a role for androgens possibly implicated in the development and progression of the disease. Emerging preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that there may be a role for antiandrogen therapy in bladder cancer. OBJECTIVE This systematic review assessed the current clinical evidence evaluating androgen suppressive therapy (AST) for the treatment or prevention of bladder cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, MEDLINE was searched for full-text articles detailing clinical outcomes or incidence of bladder cancer among patients who received AST, defined as gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists or equivalent, androgen receptor antagonists, or 5-alpha reductase inhibitors. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 12 studies were included. Five studies focused on prostate cancer patients, with one study in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Among these studies, a lower incidence of bladder cancer was observed in five, with adjusted risk reduction estimates ranging from 7% to 47%. Six studies evaluating 11 820 bladder cancer patients investigated clinical outcomes among men who received a form of AST. Three out of four studies evaluating recurrence-free survival found a benefit for AST, with adjusted hazard ratios for recurrence of non-muscle-invasive cancer ranging from 0.29 to 0.53. Limitations included large variability in data sources and methodologies, as well as no data on tolerability. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence indicates that antiandrogen therapies exert a favorable influence on bladder tumors. Further prospective studies are needed to assess their therapeutic potential. PATIENT SUMMARY Androgen suppressive therapy is commonly prescribed for the treatment of prostate-related problems. Prior research indicates that there may be a role for these treatments in patients with bladder cancer. In this review, we evaluate the current evidence that strongly suggests that these agents may be effective against bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassim Kourbanhoussen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine McMartin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michele Lodde
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Oncology Division, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Zlotta
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Toren
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Oncology Division, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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15
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Costa AR, Lança de Oliveira M, Cruz I, Gonçalves I, Cascalheira JF, Santos CRA. The Sex Bias of Cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:785-799. [PMID: 32900596 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In hormone-dependent organs, sex hormones and dysregulated hormone signaling have well-documented roles in cancers of the breast and female reproductive organs including endometrium and ovary, as well as in prostate and testicular cancers in males. Strikingly, epidemiological data highlight significant differences between the sexes in the incidence of various cancers in nonreproductive organs, where the role of sex hormones has been less well studied. In an era when personalized medicine is gaining recognition, understanding the molecular, cellular, and biological differences between men and women is timely for developing more appropriate therapeutic interventions according to gender. We review evidence that sex hormones also shape many of the dysregulated cellular and molecular pathways that lead to cell proliferation and cancer in nonreproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Costa
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - Inês Cruz
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José Francisco Cascalheira
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal.
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16
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Moorthy HK, Prabhu GGL, Venugopal P. Clinical and therapeutic implications of sex steroid hormone receptor status in urothelial bladder cancer. Indian J Urol 2020; 36:171-178. [PMID: 33082631 PMCID: PMC7531383 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_320_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the clinical profile of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) have shown significant gender differences, namely, higher occurrence in males (male-to-female ratio of 3.5:1) and an advanced stage of disease at the time of diagnosis with rapid progression of the disease after initial diagnosis seen more commonly in females. The relationship between gender and UBC is complex and probably influenced by biological and epidemiological factors. Potential contributory factors such as sex steroid hormone pathway, gender difference in environmental carcinogen exposure, metabolic enzyme activity, and disparities in the intensity of diagnostic evaluation could probably explain the demographic trends in UBC. This comprehensive review of Medline publications during the period 2009–2019 attempts to identify the possible role of sex hormone receptors in gender variation and sexual dimorphism in the occurrence and progression of UBC. The clinical implications of identifying sex steroid receptors on factors such as disease prognostication and the therapeutic role of anti-androgens in the prevention and progression of UBC are critically reviewed. There is now significant evidence in literature to suggest the possible role of sex steroid hormone receptor-mediated signals in the genesis and progression of UBC. These receptors include androgen receptors, estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and various other orphan receptors. Excessive or reduced expression of these receptors, as well as alterations in their upstream or downstream pathways, correlate well with the clinical and therapeutic outcomes of UBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G G Laxman Prabhu
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College (A Unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - P Venugopal
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College (A Unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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