1
|
Colín-Val Z, Flores-Navarro G, Rocha-Zavaleta L, Robledo-Cadena DX, Quintana-Belmares RO, López-Marure R. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) promotes chemoresistance and aggressive phenotype of A549 lung cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 487:116955. [PMID: 38710373 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with a high mortality rate. In large cities, particulate matter (PM) is a common air pollutant. High PM levels with aerodynamic size ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) associates with lung cancer incidence and mortality. In this work, we explored PM2.5 effects on the behavior of lung cancer cells. To this, we chronically exposed A549 cells to increasing PM2.5 concentrations collected in México City, then evaluating cell proliferation, chemoresponse, migration, invasion, spheroid formation, and P-glycoprotein and N-cadherin expression. Chronic PM2.5 exposure from 1 μg/cm2 stimulated A549 cell proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance and upregulated P-glycoprotein and N-cadherin expression. PM2.5 also induced larger multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) and less disintegration compared with control cells. Therefore, these results indicate lung cancer patients exposed to airborne PM2.5 as urban pollutant could develop more aggressive tumor phenotypes, with increased cell proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Colín-Val
- CIBIMEC, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur (CUSur), Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Flores-Navarro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Raúl Omar Quintana-Belmares
- Laboratorio de Salud Ambiental, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Frezzetti D, Caridi V, Marra L, Camerlingo R, D’Alessio A, Russo F, Dotolo S, Rachiglio AM, Esposito Abate R, Gallo M, Maiello MR, Morabito A, Normanno N, De Luca A. The Impact of Inadequate Exposure to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on the Development of Resistance in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4844. [PMID: 38732063 PMCID: PMC11084975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) inevitably develop resistance through several biological mechanisms. However, little is known on the molecular mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to suboptimal EGFR-TKI doses, due to pharmacodynamics leading to inadequate drug exposure. To evaluate the effects of suboptimal EGFR-TKI exposure on resistance in NSCLC, we obtained HCC827 and PC9 cell lines resistant to suboptimal fixed and intermittent doses of gefitinib and compared them to cells exposed to higher doses of the drug. We analyzed the differences in terms of EGFR signaling activation and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, whole transcriptomes byRNA sequencing, and cell motility. We observed that the exposure to low doses of gefitinib more frequently induced a partial EMT associated with an induced migratory ability, and an enhanced transcription of cancer stem cell markers, particularly in the HCC827 gefitinib-resistant cells. Finally, the HCC827 gefitinib-resistant cells showed increased secretion of the EMT inducer transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, whose inhibition was able to partially restore gefitinib sensitivity. These data provide evidence that different levels of exposure to EGFR-TKIs in tumor masses might promote different mechanisms of acquired resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frezzetti
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.F.); (V.C.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (A.M.R.); (R.E.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.M.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Vincenza Caridi
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.F.); (V.C.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (A.M.R.); (R.E.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.M.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Laura Marra
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.F.); (V.C.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (A.M.R.); (R.E.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.M.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Rosa Camerlingo
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.F.); (V.C.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (A.M.R.); (R.E.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.M.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Amelia D’Alessio
- Laboratory of Toxicology Analysis, Department for the Treatment of Addictions, ASL Salerno, 84124 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Francesco Russo
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Serena Dotolo
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.F.); (V.C.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (A.M.R.); (R.E.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.M.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Anna Maria Rachiglio
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.F.); (V.C.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (A.M.R.); (R.E.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.M.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Riziero Esposito Abate
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.F.); (V.C.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (A.M.R.); (R.E.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.M.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Marianna Gallo
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.F.); (V.C.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (A.M.R.); (R.E.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.M.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Monica Rosaria Maiello
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.F.); (V.C.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (A.M.R.); (R.E.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.M.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Alessandro Morabito
- Thoracic Department, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.F.); (V.C.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (A.M.R.); (R.E.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.M.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Antonella De Luca
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.F.); (V.C.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (A.M.R.); (R.E.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.M.); (A.D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Sharma A, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Evolving insights into the improvement of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy through PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in the clinical spectrum of lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:80. [PMID: 38659003 PMCID: PMC11040940 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Undeniably, cancer immunotherapies have expanded the spectrum of cancer treatment, however, some patients do not respond to immunotherapies. This scenario is no different for lung cancer, whose two main types, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), still pose a serious clinical challenge. Adoptive T-cell therapies (ATC), which primarily include cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy and γδ-T-cell therapy, strengthen the patient's immune system in combating cancer. Combining ATC with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) further enhances the effectiveness of this approach to eradicate cancer. With a particular emphasis on CIK cell therapy, which recently completed 30 years, we highlight the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in NSCLC and SCLC. Besides, we provide insights into the potential synergies of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with adoptive T-cell immunotherapy in reshaping the treatment paradigm for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, D-53127,, Bonn, Germany
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, D-53127,, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo G H Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, D-53127,, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin YY, Lin YS, Liang CW. Heterogeneity of cancer stem cell-related marker expression is associated with three-dimensional structures in malignant pleural effusion produced by lung adenocarcinoma. Cytopathology 2024; 35:105-112. [PMID: 37897199 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer stem cells have been described in lung adenocarcinoma-associated malignant pleural effusion. They show clinically important features, including the ability to initiate new tumours and resistance to treatments. However, their correlation with the three-dimensional tumour structures in the effusion is not well understood. METHODS Cell blocks produced from lung adenocarcinoma patients' pleural effusion were examined for cancer stem cell-related markers Nanog and CD133 using immunocytochemistry. The three-dimensional cancer cell structures and CD133 expression patterns were visualized with tissue-clearing technology. The expression patterns were correlated with tumour cell structures, genetic variants and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were analysed. Moderate-to-strong Nanog expression was detected in 27 cases (69%), while CD133 was expressed by more than 1% of cancer cells in 11 cases (28%). Nanog expression was more homogenous within individual specimens, while CD133 expression was detected in single tumour cells or cells within small clusters instead of larger structures in 8 of the 11 positive cases (73%). Although no statistically significant correlation between the markers and tumour genetic variants or patient survival was observed, we recorded seven cases with follow-up specimens after cancer treatment, and four (57%) showed a change in stem cell-related marker expression corresponding to treatment response. CONCLUSIONS Lung adenocarcinoma cells in the pleural effusion show variable expression of cancer stem cell-related markers, some showing a correlation with the size of cell clusters. Their expression level is potentially correlated with cancer treatment effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Shen Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cher-Wei Liang
- Department of Pathology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu Z, Li W, Tang Q, Huang L, Zhan Z, Li Y, Wang G, Dai X, Zhang Y. A Novel Aniline Derivative from Peganum harmala L. Promoted Apoptosis via Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12626. [PMID: 37628807 PMCID: PMC10454575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common clinical malignant tumor with limited therapeutic drugs. Leading by cytotoxicity against NSCLC cell lines (A549 and PC9), bioactivity-guided isolation of components from Peganum harmala seeds led to the isolation of pegaharoline A (PA). PA was elucidated as a structurally novel aniline derivative, originating from tryptamine with a pyrrole ring cleaved and the degradation of carbon. Biological studies showed that PA significantly inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, suppressed DNA synthesis, arrested the cell cycle, suppressed colony formation and HUVEC angiogenesis, and blocked cell invasion and migration. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) demonstrated PA could bind with CD133, correspondingly decreased CD133 expression to activate autophagy via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and increased ROS levels, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 to promote apoptosis. PA could also decrease p-cyclinD1 and p-Erk1/2 and block the EMT pathway to inhibit NSCLC cell growth, invasion, and migration. According to these results, PA could inhibit NSCLC cell growth by blocking PI3K/AKT/mTOR and EMT pathways. This study provides evidence that PA has a promising future as a candidate for developing drugs for treating NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Wu
- Guangdong Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (G.W.)
| | - Qing Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (G.W.)
| | - Laiqiang Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhaochun Zhan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (G.W.)
| | - Yaolan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (G.W.)
| | - Guocai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (G.W.)
| | - Xiaoyong Dai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Guangdong Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (G.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dehghani T, Shahrjerdi A, Kahrizi MS, Soleimani E, Ravandeh S, Merza MS, Rahnama N, Ebrahimzadeh F, Bakhshesh M. Targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) for treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); the recent advances. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154470. [PMID: 37150133 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The immune system uses various immune checkpoint axes to adjust responses, support homeostasis, and deter self-reactivity and autoimmunity. Nevertheless, non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) can use protective mechanisms to facilitate immune evasion, which leads to potentiated cancer survival and proliferation. In this light, many blocking anti-bodies have been developed to negatively regulate checkpoint molecules, in particular, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) / PD-ligand 1 (L1), and bypass these immune suppressive mechanisms. Meanwhile, anti-PD-1 anti-bodies such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, and sintilimab have shown excellent competence in successfully inspiring immune responses versus NSCLC. Accordingly, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved nivolumab (alone or in combination with ipilimumab) and pembrolizumab (alone or in combination with chemotherapy) as first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC patients. However, PD-1 blockade monotherapy remains inefficient in more than 60% of NSCLC patients, and many patients don't respond or acquire resistance to this modality. Also, toxicities related to anti-PD-1 anti-body have been progressively identified in clinical trials and oncology practice. Herein, we will outline the clinical benefits of PD-1 blockade therapy alone or in combination with other treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy) in NSCLC patients. Moreover, we will take a glimpse into the recently identified predictive biomarkers to determine patients most likely to suffer serious adverse events to decrease untoward toxicity risk and diminish treatment costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Dehghani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahrjerdi
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box: 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Soleimani
- Departmant of Genetic, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Muna S Merza
- Prosthetic Dental Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal university College, Babylon 51001, Iraq
| | - Negin Rahnama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Health Services, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Morteza Bakhshesh
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Microbiota-Derived Natural Products Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: Inside the Gut Pharma Factory. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054997. [PMID: 36902427 PMCID: PMC10003410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have drawn much attention as important tumour-initiating cells that may also be crucial for recurrence after chemotherapy. Although the activity of CSCs in various forms of cancer is complex and yet to be fully elucidated, opportunities for therapies targeting CSCs exist. CSCs are molecularly distinct from bulk tumour cells, so they can be targeted by exploiting their signature molecular pathways. Inhibiting stemness has the potential to reduce the risk posed by CSCs by limiting or eliminating their capacity for tumorigenesis, proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence. Here, we briefly described the role of CSCs in tumour biology, the mechanisms involved in CSC therapy resistance, and the role of the gut microbiota in cancer development and treatment, to then review and discuss the current advances in the discovery of microbiota-derived natural compounds targeting CSCs. Collectively, our overview suggests that dietary intervention, toward the production of those identified microbial metabolites capable of suppressing CSC properties, is a promising approach to support standard chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tangchang W, Kim Y, Oh YI, Lee BW, Kim H, Yoon B. Critical diagnostic and cancer stem cell markers in neoplastic cells from canine primary and xenografted pulmonary adenocarcinoma. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e89. [PMID: 36448435 PMCID: PMC9715391 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is challenging to diagnose metastatic tumors whose cellular morphology is different from the primary. We characterized canine primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAC) and its xenografted tumors by histological and immunohistochemical analyses for critical diagnostic and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers. To generate a tumor xenograft model, we subsequently transplanted the tissue pieces from the PAC into athymic nude mice. Immunohistochemical examination was performed for diagnostic (TTF-1, Napsin A, and SP-A) and CSC markers (CD44 and CD133). The use of CSC markers together with diagnostic markers can improve the detection and diagnosis of canine primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warisraporn Tangchang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - YunHyeok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ye-In Oh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | | | | | - Byungil Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zheng Y, Wang L, Yin L, Yao Z, Tong R, Xue J, Lu Y. Lung Cancer Stem Cell Markers as Therapeutic Targets: An Update on Signaling Pathways and Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873994. [PMID: 35719973 PMCID: PMC9204354 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells, a relatively small group of self-renewing cancer cells, were first isolated from acute myeloid leukemia. These cells can play a crucial role in tumor metastasis, relapse, and therapy resistance. The cancer stem cell theory may be applied to lung cancer and explain the inefficiency of traditional treatments and eventual recurrence. However, because of the unclear accuracy and illusive biological function of cancer stem cells, some researchers remain cautious about this theory. Despite the ongoing controversy, cancer stem cells are still being investigated, and their biomarkers are being discovered for application in cancer diagnosis, targeted therapy, and prognosis prediction. Potential lung cancer stem cell markers mainly include surface biomarkers such as CD44, CD133, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2, along with intracellular biomarkers such as aldehyde dehydrogenase, sex-determining region Y-box 2, NANOG, and octamer-binding transcription factor 4. These markers have different structures and functions but are closely associated with the stem potential and uncontrollable proliferation of tumor cells. The aberrant activation of major signaling pathways, such as Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt, may be associated with the expression and regulation of certain lung cancer stem cell markers, thus leading to lung cancer stem cell maintenance, chemotherapy resistance, and cancer promotion. Treatments targeting lung cancer stem cell markers, including antibody drugs, nanoparticle drugs, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and other natural or synthetic specific inhibitors, may provide new hope for patients who are resistant to conventional lung cancer therapies. This review provides comprehensive and updated data on lung cancer stem cell markers with regard to their structures, functions, signaling pathways, and promising therapeutic target approaches, aiming to elucidate potential new therapies for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Laduona Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Limei Yin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuoran Yao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruizhan Tong
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
EZH2 endorses cell plasticity to non-small cell lung cancer cells facilitating mesenchymal to epithelial transition and tumour colonization. Oncogene 2022; 41:3611-3624. [PMID: 35680984 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reversible transition between the epithelial and mesenchymal states are key aspects of carcinoma cell dissemination and the metastatic disease, and thus, characterizing the molecular basis of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial to find druggable targets and more effective therapeutic approaches in cancer. Emerging studies suggest that epigenetic regulators might endorse cancer cells with the cell plasticity required to conduct dynamic changes in cell state during EMT. However, epigenetic mechanisms involved remain mostly unknown. Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRCs) proteins are well-established epigenetic regulators of development and stem cell differentiation, but their role in different cancer systems is inconsistent and sometimes paradoxical. In this study, we have analysed the role of the PRC2 protein EZH2 in lung carcinoma cells. We found that besides its described role in CDKN2A-dependent cell proliferation, EZH2 upholds the epithelial state of cancer cells by repressing the transcription of hundreds of mesenchymal genes. Chemical inhibition or genetic removal of EZH2 promotes the residence of cancer cells in the mesenchymal state during reversible epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In fitting, analysis of human patient samples and tumour xenograft models indicate that EZH2 is required to efficiently repress mesenchymal genes and facilitate tumour colonization in vivo. Overall, this study discloses a novel role of PRC2 as a master regulator of EMT in carcinoma cells. This finding has important implications for the design of therapies based on EZH2 inhibitors in human cancer patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Development of a 5-Gene Signature to Evaluate Lung Adenocarcinoma Prognosis Based on the Features of Cancer Stem Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4404406. [PMID: 35480140 PMCID: PMC9036162 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4404406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can induce recurrence and chemotherapy resistance of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Reliable markers identified based on CSC characteristic of LUAD may improve patients' chemotherapy response and prognosis. OCLR was used to calculate mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) of LUAD patients' data in TCGA. Association analysis of mRNAsi was performed with clinical features, somatic mutation, and tumor immunity. A prognostic prediction model was established with LASSO Cox regression. Kaplan-Meier Plotter (KM-plotter) and time-dependent ROC were applied to assess signature performance. For LUAD, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors. LUAD tissues showed a noticeably higher mRNAsi in than nontumor tissues, and it showed significant differences in T, N, M, AJCC stages, and smoking history. The most frequently mutated gene was TP53, with a higher mRNAsi relating to more frequent mutation of TP53. The mRNAsi was significantly negatively correlated with immune score, stromal score, and ESTIMATE score in LUAD. The blue module was associated with mRNAsi. The 5-gene signature was confirmed as an independent indicator of LUAD prognosis that could promote personalized treatment of LUAD and accurately predict overall survival (OS) of LUAD patients.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hyun SY, Min HY, Lee HJ, Cho J, Boo HJ, Noh M, Jang HJ, Lee HJ, Park CS, Park JS, Shin YK, Lee HY. Ninjurin1 drives lung tumor formation and progression by potentiating Wnt/β-Catenin signaling through Frizzled2-LRP6 assembly. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:133. [PMID: 35395804 PMCID: PMC8991582 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role in lung tumor formation and progression. Nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninjurin1, Ninj1) has been implicated in lung cancer; however, the pathological role of Ninj1 in the context of lung tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. METHODS The role of Ninj1 in the survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) CSCs within microenvironments exhibiting hazardous conditions was assessed by utilizing patient tissues and transgenic mouse models where Ninj1 repression and oncogenic KrasG12D/+ or carcinogen-induced genetic changes were induced in putative pulmonary stem cells (SCs). Additionally, NSCLC cell lines and primary cultures of patient-derived tumors, particularly Ninj1high and Ninj1low subpopulations and those with gain- or loss-of-Ninj1 expression, and also publicly available data were all used to assess the role of Ninj1 in lung tumorigenesis. RESULTS Ninj1 expression is elevated in various human NSCLC cell lines and tumors, and elevated expression of this protein can serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Elevated Ninj1 expression in pulmonary SCs with oncogenic changes promotes lung tumor growth in mice. Ninj1high subpopulations within NSCLC cell lines, patient-derived tumors, and NSCLC cells with gain-of-Ninj1 expression exhibited CSC-associated phenotypes and significantly enhanced survival capacities in vitro and in vivo in the presence of various cell death inducers. Mechanistically, Ninj1 forms an assembly with lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) through its extracellular N-terminal domain and recruits Frizzled2 (FZD2) and various downstream signaling mediators, ultimately resulting in transcriptional upregulation of target genes of the LRP6/β-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Ninj1 may act as a driver of lung tumor formation and progression by protecting NSCLC CSCs from hostile microenvironments through ligand-independent activation of LRP6/β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeob Hyun
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebeom Cho
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Boo
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungkyung Noh
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Jang
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sook Park
- Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Genetic Clonality as the Hallmark Driving Evolution of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071813. [PMID: 35406585 PMCID: PMC8998004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Limited knowledge about NSCLC evolution has affected therapeutic strategies for many decades. The application of NGS-based techniques to studies on ITH has provided genetic insight into the contribution of clonality primary seeding, as well as to distant dissemination. To date, multiregional ITH affects accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions and is considered the main hallmark of anticancer therapy failure. Understanding the evolutionary trajectories that drive the metastatic process is critical for improving treatment strategies for this deadly condition. In this review, we discuss how the clonality of genetic alterations influence the seeding of primary and metastatic lesions of NSCLC, highlighting that wide genetic analyses may reveal the phylogenetic lineages of NSCLC evolution. Abstract Data indicate that many driver alterations from the primary tumor of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are predominantly shared across all metastases; however, disseminating cells may also acquire a new genetic landscape across their journey. By comparing the constituent subclonal mutations between pairs of primary and metastatic samples, it is possible to derive the ancestral relationships between tumor clones, rather than between tumor samples. Current treatment strategies mostly rely on the theory that metastases are genetically similar to the primary lesions from which they arise. However, intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) affects accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions and it is considered the main hallmark of anticancer therapy failure. Understanding the genetic changes that drive the metastatic process is critical for improving the treatment strategies of this deadly condition. Application of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques has already created knowledge about tumorigenesis and cancer evolution; however, further NGS implementation may also allow to reconstruct phylogenetic clonal lineages and clonal expansion. In this review, we discuss how the clonality of genetic alterations influence the seeding of primary and metastatic lesions of NSCLC. We highlight that wide genetic analyses may reveal the phylogenetic trajectories of NSCLC evolution, and may pave the way to better management of follow-up and treatment.
Collapse
|
14
|
Seguin L, Durandy M, Feral CC. Lung Adenocarcinoma Tumor Origin: A Guide for Personalized Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071759. [PMID: 35406531 PMCID: PMC8996976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with an average 5-year survival rate of approximately 15%. Among the multiple histological type of lung cancer, adenocarcinoma is the most common. Adenocarcinoma is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity at many levels, including histological, cellular, and molecular. Understanding the cell of origin of adenocarcinoma, and the molecular changes during tumor progression, will allow better therapeutic strategies. Abstract Lung adenocarcinoma, the major form of lung cancer, is the deadliest cancer worldwide, due to its late diagnosis and its high heterogeneity. Indeed, lung adenocarcinoma exhibits pronounced inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity cofounding precision medicine. Tumor heterogeneity is a clinical challenge driving tumor progression and drug resistance. Several key pieces of evidence demonstrated that lung adenocarcinoma results from the transformation of progenitor cells that accumulate genetic abnormalities. Thus, a better understanding of the cell of origin of lung adenocarcinoma represents an opportunity to unveil new therapeutic alternatives and stratify patient tumors. While the lung is remarkably quiescent during homeostasis, it presents an extensive ability to respond to injury and regenerate lost or damaged cells. As the lung is constantly exposed to potential insult, its regenerative potential is assured by several stem and progenitor cells. These can be induced to proliferate in response to injury as well as differentiate into multiple cell types. A better understanding of how genetic alterations and perturbed microenvironments impact progenitor-mediated tumorigenesis and treatment response is of the utmost importance to develop new therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pang L, Huang X, Zhu L, Xiao H, Li M, Guan H, Gao J, Jin H. [Targeted killing of CD133 + lung cancer stem cells using paclitaxel-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles with CD133 aptamers]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:26-35. [PMID: 35249867 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a polylactic acid-glycolic acid-polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG) nanocarrier (N-Pac-CD133) coupled with a CD133 nucleic acid aptamer carrying paclitaxel for eliminating lung cancer stem cells (CSCs). METHODS Paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 was prepared using the emulsion/solvent evaporation method and characterized. CD133+ lung CSCs were separated by magnetic bead separation and identified for their biological behaviors and gene expression profile. The efficiency of paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 for targeted killing of lung cancer cells was assessed in vitro. SCID mice were inoculated with A549 cells and received injections of normal saline, empty nanocarrier linked with CD133 aptamer (N-CD133), paclitaxel, paclitaxel-loaded nanocarrier (N-Pac) or paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 (n=8, 5 mg/kg paclitaxel) on days 10, 15 and 20, and the tumor weight and body weight of the mice were measured on day 40. RESULTS Paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 showed a particle size of about 100 nm with a high encapsulation efficiency (>80%) and drug loading rate (>8%), and was capable of sustained drug release within 48 h. The CD133+ cell population in lung cancer cells showed the characteristic features of lung CSCs, including faster growth rate (30 days, P=0.001) and high expressions of tumor stem cell markers OV6(P < 0.001), CD133 (P=0.001), OCT3/4 (P=0.002), EpCAM (P=0.04), NANOG (P=0.005) and CD44 (P=0.02). Compared with N-Pac and free paclitaxel, paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 showed significantly enhanced targeting ability and cytotoxicity against lung CSCs in vitro (P < 0.001) and significantly reduced the formation of tumor spheres (P < 0.001). In the tumor-bearing mice, paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 showed the strongest effects in reducing the tumor mass among all the treatments (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION CD133 aptamer can promote targeted delivery of paclitaxel to allow targeted killing of CD133+ lung CSCs. N-Pac-CD133 loaded with paclitaxel may provide an effective treatment for lung cancer by targeting the lung cancer stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Pang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - X Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - L Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - H Xiao
- Research Department, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - M Li
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | | | - J Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - H Jin
- Clinical Laboratory, 5Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Skurikhin E, Pershina O, Zhukova M, Widera D, Ermakova N, Pan E, Pakhomova A, Morozov S, Kubatiev A, Dygai A. Potential of Stem Cells and CART as a Potential Polytherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:778020. [PMID: 34926461 PMCID: PMC8678572 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.778020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing urgency of the problem of treating small cell lung cancer (SCLC), information on the causes of its development is fragmentary. There is no complete understanding of the features of antitumor immunity and the role of the microenvironment in the development of SCLC resistance. This impedes the development of new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of SCLC. Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have common pathogenetic factors. COPD is a risk factor for lung cancer including SCLC. Therefore, the search for effective approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of SCLC in patients with COPD is an urgent task. This review provides information on the etiology and pathogenesis of SCLC, analyses the effectiveness of current treatment options, and critically evaluates the potential of chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy (CART therapy) in SCLC. Moreover, we discuss potential links between lung cancer and COPD and the role of endothelium in the development of COPD. Finally, we propose a new approach for increasing the efficacy of CART therapy in SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Skurikhin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga Pershina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mariia Zhukova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Ermakova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Edgar Pan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Angelina Pakhomova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Morozov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Dygai
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Z, Tang X, Wu J, Zhang Z, He K, Wu D, Chen S, Xiao X. Radiomics features based on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI predict the expression levels of CD44 and CD133 in lower-grade gliomas. Future Oncol 2021; 18:807-819. [PMID: 34783576 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To verify the association between CD44 and CD133 expression levels and the prognosis of patients with lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) and constructing radiomic models to predict those two genes' expression levels before surgery. Materials & methods: Genomic data of patients with LGG and the corresponding T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Cancer Imaging Archive, which were utilized for prognosis analysis, radiomic feature extraction and model construction, respectively. Results & conclusion: CD44 and CD133 expression levels in LGG can significantly affect the prognosis of patients with LGG. Based on the T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, the radiomic features can effectively predict the expression levels of CD44 and CD133 before surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Tang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhaotao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Keng He
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of GanNan Medical College, GanZhou, China
| | - ShiQi Chen
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xinlan Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Raniszewska A, Kwiecień I, Rutkowska E, Rzepecki P, Domagała-Kulawik J. Lung Cancer Stem Cells-Origin, Diagnostic Techniques and Perspective for Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2996. [PMID: 34203877 PMCID: PMC8232709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the most aggressive solid tumors with an overall poor prognosis. Molecular studies carried out on lung tumors during treatment have shown the phenomenon of clonal evolution, thereby promoting the occurrence of a temporal heterogeneity of the tumor. Therefore, the biology of lung cancer is interesting. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in tumor initiation and metastasis. Aging is still the most important risk factor for lung cancer development. Spontaneously occurring mutations accumulate in normal stem cells or/and progenitor cells by human life resulting in the formation of CSCs. Deepening knowledge of these complex processes and improving early recognition and markers of predictive value are of utmost importance. In this paper, we discuss the CSC hypothesis with an emphasis on age-related changes that initiate carcinogenesis. We analyze the current literature in the field, describe our own experience in CSC investigation and discuss the technical challenges with special emphasis on liquid biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Raniszewska
- Laboratory of Hematology and Flow Cytometry, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (I.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Iwona Kwiecień
- Laboratory of Hematology and Flow Cytometry, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (I.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Elżbieta Rutkowska
- Laboratory of Hematology and Flow Cytometry, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (I.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Piotr Rzepecki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Domagała-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Skachkova OV, Gorbach OI, Inomistova MV, Garmanchuk LV, Khranovska NM. Comparative characteristic of lung cancer stem-like cells generated in vitro under different culture conditions. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
20
|
Castelli V, Giordano A, Benedetti E, Giansanti F, Quintiliani M, Cimini A, d’Angelo M. The Great Escape: The Power of Cancer Stem Cells to Evade Programmed Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:328. [PMID: 33477367 PMCID: PMC7830655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the primary causes of death worldwide. Tumour malignancy is related to tumor heterogeneity, which has been suggested to be due to a small subpopulation of tumor cells named cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs exert a key role in metastasis development, tumor recurrence, and also epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptotic resistance, self-renewal, tumorigenesis, differentiation, and drug resistance. Several current therapies fail to eradicate tumors due to the ability of CSCs to escape different programmed cell deaths. Thus, developing CSC-selective and programmed death-inducing therapeutic approaches appears to be of primary importance. In this review, we discuss the main programmed cell death occurring in cancer and the promising CSC-targeting agents developed in recent years. Even if the reported studies are encouraging, further investigations are necessary to establish a combination of agents able to eradicate CSCs or inhibit their growth and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Francesco Giansanti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Massimiliano Quintiliani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim JY, Kim HJ, Jung CW, Lee TS, Kim EH, Park MJ. CXCR4 uses STAT3-mediated slug expression to maintain radioresistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells: emerges as a potential prognostic biomarker for lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:48. [PMID: 33414415 PMCID: PMC7791104 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common reasons for cancer-induced mortality across the globe, despite major advancements in the treatment strategies including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Existing reports suggest that CXCR4 is frequently expressed by malignant tumor and is imperative for vascularization, tumor growth, cell migration, and metastasis pertaining to poor prognosis. In this study, we infer that CXCR4 confers resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Further, on the basis of colony forming ability, one finds that drug-resistant A549/GR cells with improved CXCR4 expression exhibited more resistance to IR than A549 cells evidenced along with a reduction in the formation of γ-H2AX foci after IR. Transfection of shRNA against CXCR4 or treatment of pharmacological inhibitor (AMD3100) both led to sensitization of A549/GR cells towards IR. Conversely, the overexpression of CXCR4 in A549 and H460 cell lines was found to improve clonogenic survival, and reduce the formation of γ-H2AX foci after IR. CXCR4 expression was further correlated with STAT3 activation, and suppression of STAT3 activity with siSTAT3 or a specific inhibitor (WP1066) significantly stymied the colony-forming ability and increased γ-H2AX foci formation in A549/GR cells, indicating that CXCR4-mediated STAT3 signaling plays an important role for IR resistance in NSCLC cells. Finally, CXCR4/STAT3 signaling was mediated with the upregulation of Slug and downregulation of the same with siRNA, which heightened IR sensitivity in NSCLC cells. Our data collectively suggests that CXCR4/STAT3/Slug axis is paramount for IR resistance of NSCLC cells, and can be regarded as a therapeutic target to enhance the IR sensitivity of this devastating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yub Kim
- Radiation Therapeutics Development Team, Division of Radiation Cancer Science, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Radiation Therapeutics Development Team, Division of Radiation Cancer Science, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,School of Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Woong Jung
- Radiation Therapeutics Development Team, Division of Radiation Cancer Science, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, 33, 17-gil, Duryugongwon-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42472, Korea.
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Radiation Therapeutics Development Team, Division of Radiation Cancer Science, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Peng X, Wei Z, Gerweck LE. Making radiation therapy more effective in the era of precision medicine. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2020; 3:272-283. [PMID: 35692625 PMCID: PMC8982539 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become a leading cause of death and constitutes an enormous burden worldwide. Radiation is a principle treatment modality used alone or in combination with other forms of therapy, with 50%–70% of cancer patients receiving radiotherapy at some point during their illness. It has been suggested that traditional radiotherapy (daily fractions of approximately 1.8–2 Gy over several weeks) might select for radioresistant tumor cell sub-populations, which, if not sterilized, give rise to local treatment failure and distant metastases. Thus, the challenge is to develop treatment strategies and schedules to eradicate the resistant subpopulation of tumorigenic cells rather than the predominant sensitive tumor cell population. With continued technological advances including enhanced conformal treatment technology, radiation oncologists can increasingly maximize the dose to tumors while sparing adjacent normal tissues, to limit toxicity and damage to the latter. Increased dose conformality also facilitates changes in treatment schedules, such as changes in dose per treatment fraction and number of treatment fractions, to enhance the therapeutic ratio. For example, the recently developed large dose per fraction treatment schedules (hypofractionation) have shown clinical advantage over conventional treatment schedules in some tumor types. Experimental studies suggest that following large acute doses of radiation, recurrent tumors, presumably sustained by the most resistant tumor cell populations, may in fact be equally or more radiation sensitive than the primary tumor. In this review, we summarize the related advances in radiotherapy, including the increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of radioresistance, and the targeting of these mechanisms with potent small molecule inhibitors, which may selectively sensitize tumor cells to radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhigong Wei
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Leo E Gerweck
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Steens J, Klar L, Hansel C, Slama A, Hager T, Jendrossek V, Aigner C, Klein D. The vascular nature of lung-resident mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:128-143. [PMID: 32830458 PMCID: PMC7780817 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lungs bear their own reservoir of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although described as located perivascular, the cellular identity of primary lung MSCs remains elusive. Here we investigated the vascular nature of lung‐resident MSCs (LR‐MSCs) using healthy human lung tissue. LR‐MSCs predominately reside within the vascular stem cell niche, the so‐called vasculogenic zone of adult lung arteries. Primary LR‐MSCs isolated from normal human lung tissue showed typical MSC characteristics in vitro and were phenotypically and functionally indistinguishable from MSCs derived from the vascular wall of adult human blood vessels (VW‐MSCs). Moreover, LR‐MSCs expressed the VW‐MSC‐specific HOX code a characteristic to discriminate VW‐MSCs from phenotypical similar cells. Thus, LR‐MSC should be considered as VW‐MSCs. Immunofluorescent analyses of non‐small lung cancer (NSCLC) specimen further confirmed the vascular adventitia as stem cell niche for LR‐MSCs, and revealed their mobilization and activation in NSCLC progression. These findings have implications for understanding the role of MSC in normal lung physiology and pulmonary diseases, as well as for the rational design of additional therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Steens
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Lea Klar
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Hansel
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexis Slama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Surgical Endoscopy, Ruhrlandklinik-University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hager
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Surgical Endoscopy, Ruhrlandklinik-University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Walcher L, Kistenmacher AK, Suo H, Kitte R, Dluczek S, Strauß A, Blaudszun AR, Yevsa T, Fricke S, Kossatz-Boehlert U. Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1280. [PMID: 32849491 PMCID: PMC7426526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis has gained increasing interest over the last decades. In particular, the analysis of biomarkers in cancer patients within the pre- and post-therapeutic period is required to identify several types of cells, which carry a risk for a disease progression and subsequent post-therapeutic relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive tumor initiation and can cause relapses. At the time point of tumor initiation, CSCs originate from either differentiated cells or adult tissue resident stem cells. Due to their importance, several biomarkers that characterize CSCs have been identified and correlated to diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. However, CSCs have been shown to display a high plasticity, which changes their phenotypic and functional appearance. Such changes are induced by chemo- and radiotherapeutics as well as senescent tumor cells, which cause alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Induction of senescence causes tumor shrinkage by modulating an anti-tumorigenic environment in which tumor cells undergo growth arrest and immune cells are attracted. Besides these positive effects after therapy, senescence can also have negative effects displayed post-therapeutically. These unfavorable effects can directly promote cancer stemness by increasing CSC plasticity phenotypes, by activating stemness pathways in non-CSCs, as well as by promoting senescence escape and subsequent activation of stemness pathways. At the end, all these effects can lead to tumor relapse and metastasis. This review provides an overview of the most frequently used CSC markers and their implementation as biomarkers by focussing on deadliest solid (lung, stomach, liver, breast and colorectal cancers) and hematological (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) cancers. Furthermore, it gives examples on how the CSC markers might be influenced by therapeutics, such as chemo- and radiotherapy, and the tumor microenvironment. It points out, that it is crucial to identify and monitor residual CSCs, senescent tumor cells, and the pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype in a therapy follow-up using specific biomarkers. As a future perspective, a targeted immune-mediated strategy using chimeric antigen receptor based approaches for the removal of remaining chemotherapy-resistant cells as well as CSCs in a personalized therapeutic approach are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Walcher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kistenmacher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Huizhen Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reni Kitte
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Dluczek
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Strauß
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - André-René Blaudszun
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Kossatz-Boehlert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Targeting of Lung Cancer Stem Cell Self-Renewal Pathway by a Small Molecule Verrucarin J. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:601-611. [PMID: 30835047 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable advances made in understanding of lung cancer biology, there has been meek improvement in lung cancer treatment outcome with 4% to 5% increase in 5-year survival rates in the last four decades. Underlying problem of lung cancer recurrence and poor prognosis is attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) which possess the potential to differentiate, proliferate and trigger chemo-resistance, tumor progression and metastasis, despite initial elimination of the tumor. To address specific targeting of CSCs, we investigated the effects of a small molecule Verrucarin J (VJ) on lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1793. VJ significantly inhibited cell proliferation of both cell lines, with IC50 values of approximately 10 nM for A549 and 20 nM for H1793 respectively after 48 h of treatment. A549 cell line when treated with VJ, induced cell apoptosis with concomitant down regulation of key CSC specific genes- ALDH1, LGR5, OCT4 and CD133 in a dose-dependent manner. To delineate the molecular mechanism by which VJ targets lung cancer cells and CSCs, we determined the effects of VJ on CSC self-renewal pathways Wnt1/β-catenin and Notch1. Treatment of A549 cell line with VJ inhibited significantly both the signalling pathways, suggesting inhibition of expression of CSC genes by VJ through the inhibition of CSC self-renewal signalling pathways. Taken together, our results suggest that VJ may serve as a potent anticancer drug to target cancer cells and CSCs.
Collapse
|
26
|
Dong Y, Zhou L, Zhao D, Li K, Liu Z, Che N, Liu H. MUC5AC enhances tumor heterogeneity in lung adenocarcinoma with mucin production and is associated with poor prognosis. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:701-711. [PMID: 32083303 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinicopathological significance of Mucin5AC (MUC5AC) in lung adenocarcinoma with mucin production is still unclear. This study aimed to explore MUC5AC expression in lung adenocarcinoma with mucin production and its correlation with histological subtypes, common driver mutations and its impact on prognosis. METHODS MUC5AC and thyroid transcription factor 1 immunohistochemistry was performed on surgical samples from 90 patients with lung adenocarcinoma with mucin production. Common driver mutations including EGFR and KRAS mutations and ALK rearrangement were detected by established methods. RESULTS MUC5AC was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.023) and tumors with intra-cytoplasmic mucin (P < 0.001). Moreover, MUC5AC was more significant in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001), as well as in tumors with KRAS mutations (P = 0.005) and a lack of thyroid transcription factor 1 expression (P < 0.001). Conversely, MUC5AC was less significantly detected in acinar predominant adenocarcinoma (P = 0.036) and tumors with EGFR mutations (P = 0.001). Notably, MUC5AC in non-pure mucinous subtype of lung adenocarcinoma with mucin production showed more aggressive behavior, distinct expression pattern and a lack of significant correlation with thyroid transcription factor 1 (P = 0.113) when compared with pure mucinous subtype. MUC5AC-positive tumors were significantly associated with a worse prognosis compared to MUC5AC-negative tumors (P < 0.001). A multivariate survival analysis showed that MUC5AC was an independent prognosis factor for poor prognosis (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The clinicopathological features of non-pure mucinous subtype of lung adenocarcinoma with mucin production were distinct and should be distinguished from pure mucinous subtype. MUC5AC was associated with poor prognosis and could be a potential therapeutic target for this distinct type of lung adenocarcinoma that has few effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Dong
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnosis Pathology, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China, and.,Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Zichen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Nanying Che
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Honggang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnosis Pathology, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China, and
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hsin IL, Chiu LY, Ou CC, Wu WJ, Sheu GT, Ko JL. CD133 inhibition via autophagic degradation in pemetrexed-resistant lung cancer cells by GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma microsporum. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:449-458. [PMID: 32448867 PMCID: PMC7403151 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adaptive drug resistance is an unfavourable prognostic factor in cancer therapy. Pemetrexed-resistant lung cancer cells possess high-metastatic ability via ERK–ZEB1 pathway-activated epithelial–mesenchymal transition. GMI is a fungal immunomodulatory protein that suppresses the survival of several cancer cells. Methods Cell viability was analysed by MTT, clonogenic, tumour spheroid, and cancer stem cell sphere assays. Western blot assay was performed to detect the protein expression. Chemical inhibitors and ATG5 shRNA were used to inhibit autophagy. Tumour growth was investigated using xenograft mouse model. Results GMI decreased the viability with short- and long-term effects and induced autophagy but not apoptosis in A549/A400 cells. GMI downregulated the expression levels of CD133, CD44, NANOG and OCT4. GMI induces the protein degradation of CD133 via autophagy. CD133 silencing decreased the survival and proliferation of A549/A400 cells. GMI suppressed the growth and CD133 expression of A549/A400 xenograft tumour. Conclusions This study is the first to reveal the novel function of GMI in eliciting cytotoxic effect and inhibiting CD133 expression in pemetrexed-resistant lung cancer cells via autophagy. Our finding provides evidence that CD133 is a potential target for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yen Chiu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 60002, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chyn Ou
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Tarng Sheu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alhabbab RY. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells by Genetically Engineered Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells. Front Genet 2020; 11:312. [PMID: 32391048 PMCID: PMC7188929 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The term cancer stem cell (CSC) starts 25 years ago with the evidence that CSC is a subpopulation of tumor cells that have renewal ability and can differentiate into several distinct linages. Therefore, CSCs play crucial role in the initiation and the maintenance of cancer. Moreover, it has been proposed throughout several studies that CSCs are behind the failure of the conventional chemo-/radiotherapy as well as cancer recurrence due to their ability to resist the therapy and their ability to re-regenerate. Thus, the need for targeted therapy to eliminate CSCs is crucial; for that reason, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has currently been in use with high rate of success in leukemia and, to some degree, in patients with solid tumors. This review outlines the most common CSC populations and their common markers, in particular CD133, CD90, EpCAM, CD44, ALDH, and EGFRVIII, the interaction between CSCs and the immune system, CAR T cell genetic engineering and signaling, CAR T cells in targeting CSCs, and the barriers in using CAR T cells as immunotherapy to treat solid cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rowa Y. Alhabbab
- Division of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Tumor Initiation and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082774. [PMID: 32316322 PMCID: PMC7215285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer affecting society today. Non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), through the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic changes they impose, have been found to be dysregulated to affect lung cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review will briefly summarize hallmarks involved in lung cancer initiation and progression. For initiation, these hallmarks include tumor initiating cells, immortalization, activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressors. Hallmarks involved in lung cancer progression include metastasis and drug tolerance and resistance. The targeting of these hallmarks with non-coding RNAs can affect vital metabolic and cell signaling pathways, which as a result can potentially have a role in cancerous and pathological processes. By further understanding non-coding RNAs, researchers can work towards diagnoses and treatments to improve early detection and clinical response.
Collapse
|
30
|
Brehar FM, Dragomir MP, Petrescu GED, Gorgan RM. Fighting Cancer Stem Cell Fate by Targeting LIS1 a WD40 Repeat Protein. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1142. [PMID: 31750243 PMCID: PMC6843031 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most frequent and devastating diseases. Previous reports have shown that radio and chemo-resistant cancer stem cell (CSC) population is primarily responsible for cancer recurrences after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Other studies demonstrated that Lissencephaly-1 (LIS1) protein, also known as platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b regulatory subunit 1 (PAFAH1B1), a dynein-binding protein involved in neural stem cell division, plays a crucial role in maintaining CSC population in hematological malignancies. Moreover, one recent report demonstrated that LIS1 gene is preferentially expressed in CD133+ glioblastoma cells and may have also an important role in regulating CD133+ CSC in glioblastoma. The hypothesis of this paper is that LIS1 plays a key role in maintaining CD133+ CSC population in various solid cancers by orientating the cell division plane through an interaction with dynein and therefore controlling the stem cell fate regulatory mechanism. As CD133+ CSC population is responsible for radio- and chemo-resistance, which finally determines the cancer recurrences and metastases, identifying the molecular mechanisms which regulate the CD133+ CSC population represents a major target for cancer research. Given the structure of LIS1, which contains WD40 repeat domain, small peptide inhibitors could be used to alter its function. Therefore, the impact of confirming this hypothesis is significant because LIS1 may become an important molecular target for future adjuvant anticancer therapies directed against radio- and chemo-resistant CSC population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix M. Brehar
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Bagdasar-Arseni” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihnea P. Dragomir
- Department of Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - George E. D. Petrescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Bagdasar-Arseni” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu M. Gorgan
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Bagdasar-Arseni” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Feng YH, Su YC, Lin SF, Lin PR, Wu CL, Tung CL, Li CF, Shieh GS, Shiau AL. Oct4 upregulates osteopontin via Egr1 and is associated with poor outcome in human lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:791. [PMID: 31399076 PMCID: PMC6688208 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Roles of cancer stem cells and early growth response gene 1 (Egr1) in carcinogenesis have been extensively studied in lung cancer. However, the role of Egr1 in the metastasis of lung cancer remains undetermined, especially in regard to stem cell-related pathways. Methods Egr1, osteopontin (OPN) and Oct4 expression in human lung cancer was determined by performing immunohistochemistry. Immunoblotting, ELISA, luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and RT-PCR were performed to validate the regulation of Oct4-Egr1-OPN axis. Moreover, the effect of Oct4-Egr1-OPN axis on lung cancer progression was evaluated by cell migration assay and mice study. Results We detected Oct4, Egr1, and OPN expression in clinical specimens from 79 lung cancer patients, including 72 adenocarcinomas and 7 squamous cell carcinomas. High expression of Oct4, Egr1, and OPN accounted for 53, 51, and 57% of the patients, respectively. All of the three biomarkers were positively correlated in clinical human lung cancer. Patients with high expression of OPN were significantly associated with shorter disease-free survivals than those with low expression of OPN (p < 0.05). In lung cancer cells, Oct4 transactivated the Egr1 promoter and upregulated Egr1 expression. In a human lung cancer xenograft model, Oct4-overexpressing tumors expressed elevated levels of Egr1. Furthermore, overexpression of Oct4 in lung cancer cells increased the metastatic potential. Conclusions Egr1 exerts a promoting effect on cancer metastasis in Oct4-overexpressing lung cancer. Thus, therapeutic strategies targeting the Oct4/Egr1/OPN axis may be further explored for the treatment of lung cancer, especially when lung cancer is refractory to conventional treatment due to cancer stem cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-6014-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hsun Feng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, 901 Chung-Hwa Road, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan. .,Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chu Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Fu Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pey-Ru Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ling Tung
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, 901 Chung-Hwa Road, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Gia-Shing Shieh
- Department of Urology, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Implementation of pharmacophore-based 3D QSAR model and scaffold analysis in order to excavate pristine ALK inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
33
|
Kiratipaiboon C, Stueckle TA, Ghosh R, Rojanasakul LW, Chen YC, Dinu CZ, Rojanasakul Y. Acquisition of Cancer Stem Cell-like Properties in Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells after a Long-term Exposure to Carbon Nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2019; 6:2152-2170. [PMID: 31372228 PMCID: PMC6675031 DOI: 10.1039/c9en00183b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a key driver of tumor formation and metastasis, but how they are affected by nanomaterials is largely unknown. The present study investigated the effects of different carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) on neoplastic and CSC-like transformation of human small airway epithelial cells and determined the underlying mechanisms. Using a physiologically relevant exposure model (long-term/low-dose) with system validation using a human carcinogen, asbestos, we demonstrated that single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, ultrafine carbon black, and crocidolite asbestos induced particle-specific anchorage-independent colony formation, DNA-strand break, and p53 downregulation, indicating genotoxicity and carcinogenic potential of CNMs. The chronic CNM-exposed cells exhibited CSC-like properties as indicated by 3D spheroid formation, anoikis resistance, and CSC markers expression. Mechanistic studies revealed specific self-renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related transcription factors that are involved in the cellular transformation process. Pathway analysis of gene signaling networks supports the role of SOX2 and SNAI1 signaling in CNM-mediated transformation. These findings support the potential carcinogenicity of high aspect ratio CNMs and identified molecular targets and signaling pathways that may contribute to the disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chayanin Kiratipaiboon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States
| | - Todd A Stueckle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, United States
| | - Rajib Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States
| | - Liying W Rojanasakul
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, United States
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, West Virginia, 26416, United States
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cortesi E, Ventura JJ. Lgr6: From Stemness to Cancer Progression. JOURNAL OF LUNG HEALTH AND DISEASES 2019; 3:12-15. [PMID: 31236545 PMCID: PMC6591129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with poor prognosis, mainly due to the delay in the diagnosis. Adenocarcinoma, a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, has the highest incidence and significant recurrence rates. Experimental and clinical researches suggested that the presence of cancer stem cells could support the development, malignization and resistance of lung cancer. Unfortunately, our knowledge in the field is still limited. Here we report our findings regarding a cell population expressing LGR6, an epithelial stem cell marker. Under the pressure of a fine regulated p38α MAPK/mir-17-92 axis, LGR6+ stem cells produce differentiated bronchioalveolar cells, in the normal lung. LGR6 is enriched in tumour cells during adenocarcinoma progression. Similar to normal stem cells, LGR6+ cancer cells show self-renewal and differentiation capacities, alongside with a higher oncogenic potential. Our studies suggest a disruption in the p38α MAPK/mir-17-92 network, that enhances Wnt pathway activity, could be responsible for the selection of malignant LGR6+ tumour cells. These results support the existence of a cell population with stem-like characteristics and strong oncogenic potential. This population could be useful for predictive diagnosis and a novel target for improved and more effective therapies against metastases and recurrences of lung adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan-Jose Ventura
- Correspondence: Dr. Juan-Jose Ventura, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Dept. of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Belgium,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: A Strategy for Effective Eradication of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050732. [PMID: 31137841 PMCID: PMC6562442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of tumor cells with the ability to self-renew, differentiate, and initiate and maintain tumor growth, and they are considered to be the main drivers of intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. While conventional chemotherapy can eradicate the majority of non-CSC tumor cells, CSCs are often drug-resistant, leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. The heterogeneity of CSCs is the main challenge in developing CSC-targeting therapy; therefore, we and other investigators have focused on developing novel therapeutic strategies that combine conventional chemotherapy with inhibitors of CSC-regulating pathways. Encouraging preclinical findings have suggested that CSC pathway blockade can indeed enhance cellular sensitivity to non-targeted conventional therapy, and this work has led to several ongoing clinical trials of CSC pathway inhibitors. Our studies in bladder cancer and lung adenocarcinoma have demonstrated a crucial role of YAP1, a transcriptional regulator of genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, in regulating CSC phenotypes. Moreover, using cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models, we showed that inhibition of YAP1 enhances the efficacy of conventional therapies by attenuating CSC stemness features. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for targeting CSCs in several cancers and discuss the potential and challenges of the approach.
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu Y, Xie D, He Z, Zheng L. Integrated analysis reveals five potential ceRNA biomarkers in human lung adenocarcinoma. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6694. [PMID: 31106044 PMCID: PMC6497041 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are a newly identified type of regulatory RNA. Accumulating evidence suggests that ceRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer. Thus, ceRNA dysregulation may represent an important molecular mechanism underlying cancer progression and poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to identify ceRNAs that may serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods We performed differential gene expression analysis on TCGA-LUAD datasets to identify differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs at different tumor stages. Based on the ceRNA hypothesis and considering the synergistic or feedback regulation of ceRNAs, a lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA network was constructed. Functional analysis was performed using gene ontology term and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and KOBAS 2.0 software. Transcription factor (TF) analysis was carried out to identify direct targets of the TFs associated with LUAD prognosis. Identified DE genes were validated using gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets. Results Based on analysis of TCGA-LUAD datasets, we obtained 2,610 DE mRNAs, 915 lncRNAs, and 125 miRNAs that were common to different tumor stages (|log2(Fold change)| ≥ 1, false discovery rate < 0.01), respectively. Functional analysis showed that the aberrantly expressed mRNAs were closely related to tumor development. Survival analyses of the constructed ceRNA network modules demonstrated that five of them exhibit prognostic significance. The five ceRNA interaction modules contained one lncRNA (FENDRR), three mRNAs (EPAS1, FOXF1, and EDNRB), and four miRNAs (hsa-miR-148a, hsa-miR-195, hsa-miR-196b, and hsa-miR-301b). The aberrant expression of one lncRNA and three mRNAs was verified in the LUAD GEO dataset. Transcription factor analysis demonstrated that EPAS1 directly targeted 13 DE mRNAs. Conclusion Our observations indicate that lncRNA-related ceRNAs and TFs play an important role in LUAD. The present study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying LUAD pathogenesis. Furthermore, our study facilitates the identification of potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD and therapeutic targets for its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Deyao Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhifeng He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangcheng Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Daouk R, Hassane M, Bahmad HF, Sinjab A, Fujimoto J, Abou-Kheir W, Kadara H. Genome-Wide and Phenotypic Evaluation of Stem Cell Progenitors Derived From Gprc5a-Deficient Murine Lung Adenocarcinoma With Somatic Kras Mutations. Front Oncol 2019; 9:207. [PMID: 31001473 PMCID: PMC6454871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) with somatic mutations in the KRAS oncogene comprise the most common molecular subtype of lung cancer in smokers and present with overall dismal prognosis and resistance to most therapies. Our group recently demonstrated that tobacco carcinogen-exposed mice with knockout of the airway lineage G-protein coupled receptor, Gprc5a, develop LUADs with somatic mutations in Kras. Earlier work has suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play crucial roles in clonal evolution of tumors and in therapy resistance. To date, our understanding of CSCs in LUADs with somatic Kras mutations remains lagging. Here we derived CSCs (as spheres in 3D cultures) with self-renewal properties from a murine Kras-mutant LUAD cell line we previously established from a tobacco carcinogen-exposed Gprc5a−/− mouse. Using syngeneic Gprc5a−/− models, we found that these CSCs, compared to their parental isoforms, exhibited increased tumorigenic potential in vivo, particularly in female animals. Using whole-transcriptome sequencing coupled with pathways analysis and confirmatory PCR, we identified gene features (n = 2,600) differentially expressed in the CSCs compared to parental cells and that were enriched with functional modules associated with an augmented malignant phenotype including stemness, tumor-promoting inflammation and anti-oxidant responses. Further, based on in silico predicted activation of GSK3β in CSCs, we found that tideglusib, an irreversible inhibitor of the kinase, exhibited marked anti-growth effects in the cultured CSCs. Our study underscores molecular cues in the pathogenesis of Kras-mutant LUAD and presents new models to study the evolution, and thus high-potential targets, of this aggressive malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Daouk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya Hassane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ansam Sinjab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liou GY. CD133 as a regulator of cancer metastasis through the cancer stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 106:1-7. [PMID: 30399449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are the cancer cells that have abilities to self-renew, differentiate into defined progenies, and initiate and maintain tumor growth. They also contribute to cancer metastasis and therapeutic resistance, both of which are the major causes of cancer mortality. Among the reported makers of the cancer stem cells, CD133 is the most well-known marker for isolating and studying cancer stem cells in different types of cancer. The CD133high population of cancer cells are not only capable of self-renewal, proliferation, but also highly metastatic and resistant to therapy. Despite very limited information on physiological functions of CD133, many ongoing studies are aimed to reveal the mechanisms that CD133 utilizes to modulate cancer dissemination and drug resistance with a long-term goal for bringing down the number of cancer deaths. In this review, in addition to the regulation of CD133, and its involvement in cancer initiation, and development, the recent updates on how CD133 modulates cancer dissemination, and therapeutic resistance are provided. The key signaling pathways that are upstream or downstream of CD133 during these processes are summarized. A comprehensive understanding of CD133-mediated cancer initiation, development, and dissemination through its pivotal role in cancer stem cells will offer new strategies in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geou-Yarh Liou
- Clark Atlanta University, Center for Cancer Research & Therapeutic Development, and Department of Biological Sciences, 223 James P. Brawley Drive SW, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bigoni-Ordóñez GD, Ortiz-Sánchez E, Rosendo-Chalma P, Valencia-González HA, Aceves C, García-Carrancá A. Molecular iodine inhibits the expression of stemness markers on cancer stem-like cells of established cell lines derived from cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:928. [PMID: 30257666 PMCID: PMC6158890 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSC) are characterized by deregulated self-renewal, tumorigenicity, metastatic potential, aberrant stemness signaling pathways, resistance to conventional therapy, and the ability to give rise to a progeny of proliferating cells that constitute the bulk of tumors. Targeting CSC will provide novel treatments for cancer. Different investigations have focused on developing complementary approaches that involve natural compounds that decrease chemo-resistance and reduce the side effects of conventional therapies. Since, it has been reported that molecular iodine (I2) exhibits antineoplastic effects and decreases tumor progression in some cancer models, we evaluated the potential effect of I2 on cell cultures enriched in cervical cancer stem-like cells. METHODS HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells were treated with 200uM I2 for 24 h. After time, cells were cultured in CSC-conditioned medium (cervospheres) and viability assays were performed. Following, tumorigenic capabilities in cervospheres treated with I2 were evaluated in NOD/SCID mice. HeLa monolayer cells untreated and their respective cervosphere cells treated or untreated with 200 μM of I2 for 24 h were xenotransplanted subcutaneously at different amounts and mice were monitored for at least 2 months. RESULTS In the present study, monolayer and CSC-enriched cultures (cervospheres) from cervical cancer-derived cell lines, HeLa and SiHa, showed that 200uM I2 supplementation inhibits proliferation of both and decreased their tumorigenic capacity, in vivo. This antineoplastic effect of I2 was accompanied by diminished expression of stemness markers including CD49f, CK17, OCT-4, NANOG, SOX2, and KLF4, as well as increased expression and activation of PPARγ receptors. CONCLUSIONS All this data led us to suggest a clinical potential use of I2 for targeting CSC and improve current treatments against cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Davide Bigoni-Ordóñez
- 0000 0004 1791 0836grid.415745.6División de Investigación Básica, Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaria de Salud, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, CP Mexico
- 0000 0001 2159 0001grid.9486.3Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- 0000 0004 1791 0836grid.415745.6División de Investigación Básica, Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaria de Salud, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, CP Mexico
| | - Pedro Rosendo-Chalma
- 0000 0004 1791 0836grid.415745.6División de Investigación Básica, Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaria de Salud, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, CP Mexico
- 0000 0001 2159 0001grid.9486.3Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Heriberto A Valencia-González
- 0000 0004 1791 0836grid.415745.6División de Investigación Básica, Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaria de Salud, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, CP Mexico
- 0000 0001 2159 0001grid.9486.3Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen Aceves
- 0000 0001 2159 0001grid.9486.3Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla. Campus-Juriquilla., Querétaro, 76230 Qro Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- 0000 0004 1791 0836grid.415745.6División de Investigación Básica, Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaria de Salud, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, CP Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Naciona Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fu R, Zhang YW, Li HM, Lv WC, Zhao L, Guo QL, Lu T, Weiss SJ, Li ZY, Wu ZQ. LW106, a novel indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitor, suppresses tumour progression by limiting stroma-immune crosstalk and cancer stem cell enrichment in tumour micro-environment. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3034-3049. [PMID: 29722898 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is emerging as an important new therapeutic target for treatment of malignant tumours characterized by dysregulated tryptophan metabolism. However, the antitumour efficacy of existing small-molecule inhibitors of IDO1 is still unsatisfactory and the underlying mechanism remains largely undefined. Hence, we discovered a novel potent small-molecule inhibitor of IDO1, LW106, and studied its antitumour effects and the underlying mechanisms in two tumour models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL6 mice, athymic nude mice or Ido1-/- mice were inoculated with IDO1-expressing and -nonexpressing tumour cells and treated with vehicle, epacadostat or increasing doses of LW106. Xenografted tumours, plasma, spleens and other vital organs were harvested and subjected to kynurenine/tryptophan measurement and flow cytometric, histological and immunohistochemical analyses. KEY RESULTS LW106 dose-dependently inhibited the outgrowth of xenografted tumours that were inoculated in C57BL6 mice but not nude mice or Ido1-/- mice, showing a stronger antitumour efficacy than epacadostat, an existing IDO1 inhibitor. LW106 substantially elevated intratumoural infiltration of proliferative Teff cells, while reducing recruitment of proliferative Treg cells and non-haematopoietic stromal cells such as endothelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. LW106 treatment resulted in a reduced subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in xenografted tumours in which fewer proliferative/invasive tumour cells and more apoptotic tumour cells were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS LW106 inhibits tumour outgrowth by limiting stroma-immune crosstalk and CSC enrichment in the tumour micro-environment. LW106 has potential as a immunotherapeutic agent for use in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors and (or) chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing; Collaborative Innovation Center for Gannan Oil-Tea Camellia Industrial Development, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing; Collaborative Innovation Center for Gannan Oil-Tea Camellia Industrial Development, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing; Collaborative Innovation Center for Gannan Oil-Tea Camellia Industrial Development, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Cong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing; Collaborative Innovation Center for Gannan Oil-Tea Camellia Industrial Development, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing; Collaborative Innovation Center for Gannan Oil-Tea Camellia Industrial Development, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing; Collaborative Innovation Center for Gannan Oil-Tea Camellia Industrial Development, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stephen J Weiss
- The Life Sciences Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Zhi-Yu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao-Qiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing; Collaborative Innovation Center for Gannan Oil-Tea Camellia Industrial Development, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tabbò F, Nottegar A, Guerrera F, Migliore E, Luchini C, Maletta F, Veronese N, Montagna L, Gaudiano M, Di Giacomo F, Filosso PL, Delsedime L, Ciccone G, Scarpa A, Sapino A, Oliaro A, Ruffini E, Inghirami G, Chilosi M. Cell of origin markers identify different prognostic subgroups of lung adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 75:167-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
42
|
Prabavathy D, Swarnalatha Y, Ramadoss N. Lung cancer stem cells-origin, characteristics and therapy. Stem Cell Investig 2018; 5:6. [PMID: 29682513 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2018.02.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have gained an increasing attention recently in cancer research. CSCs have ability to generate new tumor through their stem cell properties, essentially self-renewal potential and differentiation into multiple cell lineages. Extensive evidences report that CSCs are resistant to many conventional therapies and mediate tumor recurrence. CSCs of lung cancer are well recognized by their specific markers such as CD133, CD44, ABCG2 and ALDH1A1 together with the CSC characteristics including spheroid and colony formation. Targeting these surface proteins with blocking antibodies and inhibition of ABC transporters and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes with small molecules may prove useful in inhibiting tumor progression. The Hh, Notch and Wnt pathways are key signaling cascades that govern cell fate during development and have been shown to be involved in CSCs in various solid tumors. Therapeutic approaches also target these signaling pathways in repressing the tumor progression. This review will focus on stem cell origins, role of signaling pathways, stem cell markers and therapeutic approaches specific to lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Prabavathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology (Deemed to be University), Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai-119, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Y Swarnalatha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology (Deemed to be University), Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai-119, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Niveditha Ramadoss
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alguacil-Núñez C, Ferrer-Ortiz I, García-Verdú E, López-Pirez P, Llorente-Cortijo IM, Sainz B. Current perspectives on the crosstalk between lung cancer stem cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 125:102-110. [PMID: 29650269 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, in particular non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), is the second most common cancer in both men and women and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its prognosis and diagnosis are determined by several driver mutations and diverse risk factors (e.g. smoking). While immunotherapy has proven effective in some patients, treatment of NSCLC using conventional chemotherapy is largely ineffective. The latter is believed to be due to the existence of a subpopulation of stem-like, highly tumorigenic and chemoresistant cells within the tumor population known as cancer stem cells (CSC). To complicate the situation, CSCs interact with the tumor microenvironment, which include cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, endothelial cells, growth factors, cytokines and connective tissue components, which via a dynamic crosstalk, composed of proteins and exosomes, activates the CSC compartment. In this review, we analyze the crosstalk between CSCs and CAFs, the primary component of the NSCLC microenvironment, at the molecular and extracellular level and contemplate therapies to disrupt this communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alguacil-Núñez
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Ferrer-Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena García-Verdú
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Pirez
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Maria Llorente-Cortijo
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Huang X, Huang J, Leng D, Yang S, Yao Q, Sun J, Hu J. Gefitinib-loaded DSPE-PEG2000 nanomicelles with CD133 aptamers target lung cancer stem cells. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:167. [PMID: 28854941 PMCID: PMC5577827 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be the seed of lung cancer, and CD133 is a marker of lung CSCs. Here, we developed gefitinib-loaded poly(ethylene glycol) 2000-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine nanomicelles with CD133 aptamers (M-Gef-CD133) to eliminate CD133+ lung CSCs. Methods M-Gef-CD133 was prepared using a lipid-film-based approach. The targeting and activity of M-Gef-CD133 towards lung CSCs were evaluated. Results M-Gef-CD133 were small (25 nm) and showed enhanced cytotoxic effect towards CD133+ lung CSCs compared with non-targeted M-Gef and gefitinib. Notably, M-Gef-CD133 could significantly reduce tumor sphere formation and the percentage of CD133+ lung CSCs, indicating that it possesses selective toxicity against CD133+ lung CSCs. Conclusions The interaction of CD133 aptamers and CD133 shows promise in the delivery of gefitinib to CD133+ lung CSCs, and M-Gef-CD133 represents a promising treatment to target lung CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan NO. 1 Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Street, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Jingsong Huang
- Laboratory Medicine, Third Hubei Provincial People's Hospital, Zhongshan Street, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dewen Leng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan NO. 1 Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Street, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan NO. 1 Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Street, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wuhan NO. 1 Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Street, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Physical examination, Wuhan Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, 18-20 Jianghanbei Road, Wuhan, 430016, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cortes-Dericks L, Schmid RA. CD44 and its ligand hyaluronan as potential biomarkers in malignant pleural mesothelioma: evidence and perspectives. Respir Res 2017; 18:58. [PMID: 28403901 PMCID: PMC5389171 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and highly drug resistant tumor arising from the mesothelial surfaces of the lung pleura. The standard method to confirm MPM is the tedious, time-consuming cytological examination of cancer biopsy. Biomarkers that are detectable in pleural effusion or patient serum are reasonable options to provide a faster and noninvasive diagnostic approach. As yet, the current biomarkers for MPM lack specificity and sensitivity to discriminate this neoplasm from other lung tumors. CD44, a multifunctional surface receptor has been implicated in tumor progression in different cancers including MPM. The interaction of CD44 with its ligand, hyaluronan (HA) has demonstrated an important role in modulating cell proliferation and invasiveness in MPM. In particular, the high expression levels of these molecules have shown diagnostic relevance in MPM. This review will summarize the biology and diagnostic implication of CD44 and HA as well as the interaction of both molecules in MPM that will demonstrate their potential as biomarkers. Augmentation of the current markers in MPM may lead to an earlier diagnosis and management of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Cortes-Dericks
- Department of Clinical Research, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Ralph Alexander Schmid
- Department of Clinical Research, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Engineering cancer stem-like cells from normal human lung epithelial cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175147. [PMID: 28380052 PMCID: PMC5381922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that a subpopulation of tumour cells with stem cell-like characteristics, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), drives tumour initiation and generates tumour heterogeneity, thus leading to cancer metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. Although there has been substantial progress in CSC research into many solid tumour types, an understanding of the biology of CSCs in lung cancer remains elusive, mainly because of their heterogeneous origins and high plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that engineered lung cancer cells derived from normal human airway basal epithelial cells possessed CSC-like characteristics in terms of multilineage differentiation potential and strong tumour-initiating ability. Moreover, we established an in vitro 3D culture system that allowed the in vivo differentiation process of the CSC-like cells to be recapitulated. This engineered CSC model provides valuable opportunities for studying the biology of CSCs and for exploring and evaluating novel therapeutic approaches and targets in lung CSCs.
Collapse
|
47
|
Cofilin-1 and Other ADF/Cofilin Superfamily Members in Human Malignant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010010. [PMID: 28025492 PMCID: PMC5297645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of actin-depolymerizing factor homology (ADF-H) domains in the structures of several related proteins led first to the formation of the ADF/cofilin family, which then expanded to the ADF/cofilin superfamily. This superfamily includes the well-studied cofilin-1 (Cfl-1) and about a dozen different human proteins that interact directly or indirectly with the actin cytoskeleton, provide its remodeling, and alter cell motility. According to some data, Cfl-1 is contained in various human malignant cells (HMCs) and is involved in the formation of malignant properties, including invasiveness, metastatic potential, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. The presence of other ADF/cofilin superfamily proteins in HMCs and their involvement in the regulation of cell motility were discovered with the use of various OMICS technologies. In our review, we discuss the results of the study of Cfl-1 and other ADF/cofilin superfamily proteins, which may be of interest for solving different problems of molecular oncology, as well as for the prospects of further investigations of these proteins in HMCs.
Collapse
|