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Zamantakis A, Merle JL, Queiroz AA, Zapata JP, Deskins J, Pachicano AM, Mongrella M, Li D, Benbow N, Gallo C, Smith JD, Mustanski B. Innovation and implementation determinants of HIV testing and linkage-to-care in the U.S.: a systematic review. Implement Sci Commun 2024; 5:111. [PMID: 39380128 PMCID: PMC11462864 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-024-00638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify innovation and implementation determinants of HIV testing, diagnosis, and linkage-to-care in the U.S. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING Between November 2020 and January 2022, a broad search strategy was employed in three literature databases: Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS A team of master's and Ph.D.-level researchers screened eligible studies against the inclusion criteria and extracted the data using COVIDENCE software in pairs with consensus performed by a senior member of the team. Barriers and facilitators were extracted and analyzed according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Frequency of determinants across studies was mapped according to CFIR, valence, study design, delivery setting, unit of analysis, population of interest, region of the U.S., and year. RESULTS We identified 1,739 implementation and innovation determinants from 186 articles. Most determinants were for HIV testing rather than linkage-to-care. Most determinants were identified in the inner setting and individuals domains of CFIR, with the fewest identified in the process and innovations domains. Determinants of providers were only slightly more frequently identified than determinants of recipients. However, determinants of organizations and systems were rarely identified. CONCLUSION This review provides a synthesis of innovation and implementation determinants of HIV testing and linkage-to-care using the most-cited implementation science (IS) framework, CFIR. This synthesis enables the larger field of HIV science to utilize IS in efforts to end the HIV epidemic and positions IS to consider the application of IS frameworks to fields like HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alithia Zamantakis
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Medical Social Sciences Department, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James L Merle
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Artur Afln Queiroz
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center of Population Sciences for Health Equity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Zapata
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Medical Social Sciences Department, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jasmine Deskins
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana Michaela Pachicano
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melissa Mongrella
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dennis Li
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nanette Benbow
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos Gallo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J D Smith
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Medical Social Sciences Department, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Shook AG, Buskin SE, Golden M, Dombrowski JC, Herbeck J, Lechtenberg RJ, Kerani R. Community and Provider Perspectives on Molecular HIV Surveillance and Cluster Detection and Response for HIV Prevention: Qualitative Findings From King County, Washington. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2022; 33:270-282. [PMID: 35500058 PMCID: PMC9062191 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Responding quickly to HIV outbreaks is one of four pillars of the U.S. Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative. Inclusion of cluster detection and response in the fourth pillar of EHE has led to public discussion concerning bioethical implications of cluster detection and response and molecular HIV surveillance (MHS) among public health authorities, researchers, and community members. This study reports on findings from a qualitative analysis of interviews with community members and providers regarding their knowledge and perspectives of MHS. We identified five key themes: (a) context matters, (b) making sense of MHS, (c) messaging, equity, and resource prioritization, (d) operationalizing confidentiality, and (e) stigma, vulnerability, and power. Inclusion of community perspectives in generating innovative approaches that address bioethical concerns related to the use of MHS data is integral to ensure that widely accessible information about the use of these data is available to a diversity of community members and providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alic G. Shook
- College of Nursing, Seattle University Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Susan E. Buskin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Epidemiologist, Public Health – Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew Golden
- Public Health – Seattle King County HIV/STD Program
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Julia C. Dombrowski
- Public Health-Seattle & King County HIV/STD Program
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua Herbeck
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Roxanne Kerani
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Rüütel K, Kallavus K, Tomera I. Monitoring anonymous HIV testing in Estonia from 2005 to 2015. HIV Med 2019; 19 Suppl 1:16-20. [PMID: 29488697 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Estonia, a network of anonymous and free of charge HIV testing sites has been operating since 1988. Services are provided by health care organizations and financed by the National Institute for Health Development from the state budget. The objective of this analysis was to assess anonymous HIV testing in Estonia from 2005 to 2015. METHODS We used data collected from the National Institute for Health Development's annual reports, Health Board and Estonian Health Insurance Fund. RESULTS In Estonia, more than 200 000 HIV-tests are performed annually, and of these approximately 5-6% are within anonymous HIV testing sites. The percentage tested with rapid tests in anonymous testing sites has increased from 15% in 2010 to 53% in 2015. Furthermore, up to 65% of all newly diagnosed HIV-cases have been detected in these sites. The proportion of HIV-positive tests has decreased from 3.8% to 0.5% in anonymous testing sites and from 0.3% to 0.1% in general health care. Simultaneously, the cost of detecting one new HIV case has increased almost six times. CONCLUSIONS This analysis reveals that anonymous HIV testing services are well accepted by the general population as well as vulnerable populations. The positivity rate among those tested in anonymous testing sites remains higher than among all people tested, showing that the sites reach more of those who are at higher risk of HIV. In the light of decreasing positivity rate, more attention should be paid to people with higher HIV risk and increasing access to testing in community based settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rüütel
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - K Kallavus
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - I Tomera
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
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Harsono D, Galletly CL, O'Keefe E, Lazzarini Z. Criminalization of HIV Exposure: A Review of Empirical Studies in the United States. AIDS Behav 2017; 21:27-50. [PMID: 27605364 PMCID: PMC5218970 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This review of literature identifies and describes US empirical studies on the criminalization of HIV exposure, examines findings on key questions about these laws, highlights knowledge gaps, and sets a course for future research. Studies published between 1990 and 2014 were identified through key word searches of relevant electronic databases and discussions with experts. Twenty-five empirical studies were identified. Sixteen of these studies used quantitative methods with more than half of these being cross-sectional survey studies. Study samples included male and female HIV-positive persons, HIV-positive and -negative men who have sex with men, public health personnel, and medical providers. Research questions addressed awareness of and attitudes toward HIV exposure laws, potential influences of these laws on seropositive status disclosure for persons living with HIV, HIV testing for HIV-negative persons, safer sex practices for both groups, and associations between HIV exposure laws and HIV-related stigma. Surveys of the laws and studies of enforcement practices were also conducted. Attention should be shifted from examining attitudes about these laws to exploring their potential influence on public health practices and behaviors related to the HIV continuum of care. Studies examining enforcement and prosecution practices are also needed. Adapting a theoretical framework in future research may be useful in better understanding the influence of HIV exposure laws on HIV risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dini Harsono
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, 135 College Street, Suite 200, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Carol L Galletly
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 North Summit Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA
| | - Elaine O'Keefe
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, 135 College Street, Suite 200, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Zita Lazzarini
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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Adams OP, Carter AO, Redwood-Campbell L. Understanding attitudes, barriers and challenges in a small island nation to disease and partner notification for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:455. [PMID: 25934557 PMCID: PMC4450455 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Barbados sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV are not notifiable diseases and there is not a formal partner notification (PN) programme. Objectives were to understand likely attitudes, barriers, and challenges to introducing mandatory disease notification (DN) and partner notification (PN) for HIV and other STIs in a small island state. METHODS Six key informants identified study participants. Interviews were conducted, recorded, transcribed and analysed for content using standard methods. RESULTS Participants (16 males, 13 females, median age 59 years) included physicians, nurses, and representatives from governmental, youth, HIV, men's, women's, church, and private sector organisations. The median estimated acceptability by society of HIV/STI DN on a scale of 1 (unacceptable) to 5 (completely acceptable) was 3. Challenges included; maintaining confidentiality in a small island; public perception that confidentiality was poorly maintained; fear and stigma; testing might be deterred; reporting may not occur; enacting legislation would be difficult; and opposition by some opinion leaders. For PN, contract referral was the most acceptable method and provider referral the least. Contract referral unlike provider referral was not "a total suspension of rights" while taking into account that "people need a little gentle pressure sometimes". Extra counselling would be needed to elicit contacts or to get patients to notify partners. Shame, stigma and discrimination in a small society may make PN unacceptable and deter testing. With patient referral procrastination may occur, and partners may react violently and not come in for care. With provider referral patients may have concerns about confidentiality including neighbours becoming suspicious if a home visit is used as the contact method. Successful contact tracing required time and effort. With contract referral people may neither inform contacts nor say that they did not. Strategies to overcome barriers to DN and PN included public education, enacting appropriate legislation to allow DN and PN, good patient counselling and maintaining confidentiality. CONCLUSIONS There was both concern that mandatory DN and PN would deter testing and recognition of the benefits. Public and practitioner education and enabling legislation would be necessary, and the public needed to be convinced that confidentiality would be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Peter Adams
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill campus, St. Michael, Barbados.
| | - Anne O Carter
- Department Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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A systematic review and comparison of HIV contact tracing laws in Canada. Health Policy 2011; 103:111-23. [PMID: 21871687 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Public health officials and health providers need to be aware of the legislation documenting contact tracing in their jurisdiction to advise HIV positive clients of their rights, and to systematically perform their duties. The objective is to outline and compare the contact tracing laws in 13 jurisdictions in Canada, and to provide policy recommendations. METHODS A systematic review was performed to outline and compare the laws in Canadian jurisdictions regarding HIV contact tracing. Specific manual searches were done in websites of Canadian provincial and territorial departments of health. RESULTS For thirteen provinces and territories within Canada eleven laws were found. No laws directly pertaining to partner notification or contact tracing were found in Newfoundland and Labrador or Quebec. CONCLUSIONS Public health officials should ensure that contact tracing practices and policies accurately reflect the current regulations without compromising their patients' confidentiality. It is recommended that each province/territory would benefit from standardized contact tracing regulations which are imbedded in communicable disease legislation. Regulations with provisions for informed consent, confidentiality, multiple counselling sessions, clear procedures in duty to warn cases, and domestic violence screening would be considered best practice.
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Markovitz AR, Thibault CS, Brandauer PW, Buskin SE. Primary Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Newly Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Diagnosed Individuals Testing Anonymously and Confidentially. Microb Drug Resist 2011; 17:283-9. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2010.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Markovitz
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan, Southfield, Michigan
| | | | | | - Susan E. Buskin
- Public Health—Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Aultman JM, Borges NJ. The ethics of HIV testing and disclosure for healthcare professionals: what do our future doctors think? MEDICAL TEACHER 2011; 33:e50-e56. [PMID: 21182374 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2011.530311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study examined future medical professionals' attitudes and beliefs regarding mandatory human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and disclosure. METHOD A total of 54 US medical students were interviewed regarding mandatory testing and disclosure of HIV status for both patient and health care professional populations. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed using thematic analysis by the first author and verified by the second author. RESULTS Medical students considered a variety of perspectives, even placing themselves in the shoes of their patients or imagining themselves as a healthcare professional with HIV. Mixed opinions were presented regarding the importance of HIV testing for students coupled with a fear about school administration regarding HIV positive test results and the outcome of a student's career. Third- and fourth-year medical students felt that there should be no obligation to disclose one's HIV status to patients, colleagues, or employers. However, most of these students did feel that patients had an obligation to disclose their HIV status to healthcare professionals. CONCLUSION This study gives medical educators a glimpse into what our future doctors think about HIV testing and disclosure, and how difficult it is for them to recognize that they can be patients too, as they are conflicted by professional and personal values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Aultman
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA.
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Burris S, Wagenaar AC, Swanson J, Ibrahim JK, Wood J, Mello MM. Making the case for laws that improve health: a framework for public health law research. Milbank Q 2010; 88:169-210. [PMID: 20579282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2010.00595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Public health law has received considerable attention in recent years and has become an essential field in public health. Public health law research, however, has received less attention. METHODS Expert commentary. FINDINGS This article explores public health law research, defined as the scientific study of the relation of law and legal practices to population health. The article offers a logic model of public health law research and a typology of approaches to studying the effects of law on public health. Research on the content and prevalence of public health laws, processes of adopting and implementing laws, and the extent to which and mechanisms through which law affects health outcomes can use methods drawn from epidemiology, economics, sociology, and other disciplines. The maturation of public health law research as a field depends on methodological rigor, adequate research funding, access to appropriate data sources, and policymakers' use of research findings. CONCLUSIONS Public health law research is a young field but holds great promise for supporting evidence-based policy making that will improve population health.
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McNutt LA, Gordon EJ, Uusküla A. Informed recruitment in partner studies of HIV transmission: an ethical issue in couples research. BMC Med Ethics 2009; 10:14. [PMID: 19709442 PMCID: PMC2751767 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6939-10-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much attention has been devoted to ethical issues related to randomized controlled trials for HIV treatment and prevention. However, there has been less discussion of ethical issues surrounding families involved in observational studies of HIV transmission. This paper describes the process of ethical deliberation about how best to obtain informed consent from sex partners of injection drug users (IDUs) tested for HIV, within a recent HIV study in Eastern Europe. The study aimed to assess the amount of HIV serodiscordance among IDUs and their sexual partners, identify barriers to harm reduction, and explore ways to optimize intervention programs. Including IDUs, either HIV-positive or at high risk for HIV, and their sexual partners would help to gain a more complete understanding of barriers to and opportunities for intervention. DISCUSSION This paper focuses on the ethical dilemma regarding informed recruitment: whether researchers should disclose to sexual partners of IDUs that they were recruited because their partner injects drugs (i.e., their heightened risk for HIV). Disclosing risks to partners upholds the ethical value of respect for persons through informed consent. However, disclosure compromises the IDU's confidentiality, and potentially, the scientific validity of the research. Following a brief literature review, we summarize the researchers' systematic evaluation of this issue from ethical, scientific, and logistical perspectives. While the cultural context may be somewhat unique to Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the issues raised and solutions proposed here inform epidemiological research designs and their underlying ethical tensions. SUMMARY We present ethical arguments in favor of disclosure, discuss how cultural context shapes the ethical issues, and recommend refinement of guidance for couples research of communicable diseases to assist investigators encountering these ethical issues in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise-Anne McNutt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- School of Public Health, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Elisa J Gordon
- Institute for Healthcare Studies, Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anneli Uusküla
- Department of Public Health, University of Tartu, Ravila Tartu, Estonia
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Tesoriero JM, Birkhead GS, Battles HB, Heavner K, John Leung SY, Nemeth C, Pulver W. TESORIERO ET AL. RESPOND. Am J Public Health 2008. [DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2008.143313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Tesoriero
- James M. Tesoriero, Haven B. Battles, Karyn Heavner, and Shu-Yin John Leung are with the Office of Program Evaluation and Research, New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute, Menands. Guthrie S. Birkhead is with the Office of Public Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, and the School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany. Chris Nemeth and Wendy Pulver are with the Bureau of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Guthrie S. Birkhead
- James M. Tesoriero, Haven B. Battles, Karyn Heavner, and Shu-Yin John Leung are with the Office of Program Evaluation and Research, New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute, Menands. Guthrie S. Birkhead is with the Office of Public Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, and the School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany. Chris Nemeth and Wendy Pulver are with the Bureau of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Haven B. Battles
- James M. Tesoriero, Haven B. Battles, Karyn Heavner, and Shu-Yin John Leung are with the Office of Program Evaluation and Research, New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute, Menands. Guthrie S. Birkhead is with the Office of Public Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, and the School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany. Chris Nemeth and Wendy Pulver are with the Bureau of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Karyn Heavner
- James M. Tesoriero, Haven B. Battles, Karyn Heavner, and Shu-Yin John Leung are with the Office of Program Evaluation and Research, New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute, Menands. Guthrie S. Birkhead is with the Office of Public Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, and the School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany. Chris Nemeth and Wendy Pulver are with the Bureau of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Shu-Yin John Leung
- James M. Tesoriero, Haven B. Battles, Karyn Heavner, and Shu-Yin John Leung are with the Office of Program Evaluation and Research, New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute, Menands. Guthrie S. Birkhead is with the Office of Public Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, and the School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany. Chris Nemeth and Wendy Pulver are with the Bureau of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Chris Nemeth
- James M. Tesoriero, Haven B. Battles, Karyn Heavner, and Shu-Yin John Leung are with the Office of Program Evaluation and Research, New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute, Menands. Guthrie S. Birkhead is with the Office of Public Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, and the School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany. Chris Nemeth and Wendy Pulver are with the Bureau of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Wendy Pulver
- James M. Tesoriero, Haven B. Battles, Karyn Heavner, and Shu-Yin John Leung are with the Office of Program Evaluation and Research, New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute, Menands. Guthrie S. Birkhead is with the Office of Public Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, and the School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany. Chris Nemeth and Wendy Pulver are with the Bureau of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany
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Catania JA, Osmond D. Comment on name-based reporting. Am J Public Health 2008; 98:1735-6; author reply 1736. [PMID: 18703429 PMCID: PMC2636472 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2008.143206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
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