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Fujikawa H, Son D, Eto M. Cultural adaptation and validation of Japanese medical resident version of the workplace social capital scale: a cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:487. [PMID: 37391765 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Workplace Social Capital (WSC) Scale is the most frequently used tool for measuring social capital at work in Western countries. However, there are no corresponding tools for assessing WSC among medical trainees in Japan. Thus, this study was conducted to develop the Japanese medical resident version of the WSC (JMR-WSC) Scale and examine its validity and reliability. METHODS The Japanese version of the WSC Scale by Odagiri et al. was reviewed and the scale was partially modified for use in the Japanese context of postgraduate medical education. To verify the validity and reliability of the JMR-WSC Scale, a cross-sectional survey was performed in 32 hospitals across Japan. Postgraduate trainees (years 1-6) at the participating hospitals responded to the online questionnaire on a voluntary basis. We tested the structural validity through confirmatory factor analysis. We also examined criterion-related validity and internal consistency reliability of the JMR-WSC Scale. RESULTS In all, 289 trainees completed the questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the JMR-WSC Scale's structural validity on the same two-factor model as that of the original WSC Scale. Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjustment for gender and postgraduate years, trainees with good self-rated health had a significantly elevated odds ratio for good WSC. Cronbach's alpha coefficients showed acceptable internal consistency reliability. CONCLUSIONS We successfully developed the JMR-WSC Scale and examined its validity and reliability. Our scale could be used to measure social capital in postgraduate medical training settings in Japan to help prevent burnout and reduce patient safety incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Fujikawa
- Center for General Medicine Education, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160- 8582, Japan.
- Department of Medical Education Studies, International Research Center for Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Son
- Department of Medical Education Studies, International Research Center for Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Community-based Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Masato Eto
- Department of Medical Education Studies, International Research Center for Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Association Between Workplace Social Capital and Neck Pain. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e186-e190. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Effect of Psychological Distress on the Association of Workplace Social Capital with Presenteeism and Sickness Absence. J UOEH 2021; 43:293-303. [PMID: 34483188 DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.43.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Greater workplace social capital (WSC) can be related to workers' health and productivity. We sought to clarify the association between horizontal WSC and presenteeism and sickness absence (SA) and to examine the effects of psychological distress on these associations among Japanese workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 at seven large Japanese companies. Logistic regression analysis was performed with presenteeism and SA as the dependent variables, horizontal WSC as an independent variable, and sociodemographic characteristics and psychological distress as covariates. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, the results showed that greater horizontal WSC was associated with lower presenteeism and SA. The odds ratios for the relationship between horizontal WSC and presenteeism and that between horizontal WSC and SA dropped moderately after adjustment for psychological distress but remained significant. Further exploration of the factors underlying the relationship between WSC and productivity is needed to confirm if WSC enhances workers' health and productivity and to inform the development of effective occupational health initiatives.
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Inoue A, Tsutsumi A, Eguchi H, Kachi Y, Shimazu A, Miyaki K, Takahashi M, Kurioka S, Enta K, Kosugi Y, Totsuzaki T, Kawakami N. Workplace social capital and refraining from seeking medical care in Japanese employees: a 1-year prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036910. [PMID: 32747350 PMCID: PMC7401998 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the association of workplace social capital (WSC), including structural and cognitive dimensions, with refraining from seeking medical care (RSMC) among Japanese employees. DESIGN One-year prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We surveyed 8770 employees (6881 men and 1889 women) aged 18-70 years from 12 firms in Japan using a self-administered questionnaire comprising the WSC scale and the items on potential confounders (ie, age, educational attainment and equivalent annual household income) at baseline (from April 2011 to March 2013). OUTCOME MEASURES At a 1-year follow-up, we measured RSMC using a single-item question 'In the past year, have you ever refrained from visiting a hospital, clinic, acupuncturist or dentist despite your sickness (including a slight cold or cavity) or injury?' RESULTS The results of Cox regression with robust variance showed that, after adjusting for potential confounders, the low WSC group (ie, the lowest tertile group) had a significantly higher relative risk (RR) of RSMC compared with the high WSC group (ie, the highest tertile group) among both men and women (overall WSC: RR 1.09 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.17) and 1.20 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.37); structural dimension: RR 1.13 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.22) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.45); and cognitive dimension: RR 1.11 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.20) and 1.21 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.38), respectively). Trend analysis using a continuous score of the WSC scale also showed a significant association of low WSC with a higher risk of RSMC among both men and women. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the lack of social capital in the workplace is associated with RSMC among Japanese employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiomi Inoue
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akizumi Tsutsumi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Eguchi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Kachi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihito Shimazu
- Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- Asia Pacific Centre for Work Health and Safety, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Koichi Miyaki
- Research Institute of Occupational Mental Health (RIOMH), Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Innovative Research Center for Preventive Medical Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Japan, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sumiko Kurioka
- Faculty of Education, St. Andrew's University of Education, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Enta
- Health Care Center, Central Japan Railway Company, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Kosugi
- Kosugi Health Management Office, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takafumi Totsuzaki
- Uchisaiwaicho Medical Center, Mizuho Health Insurance Society, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Mac A, Albertsen K. Linking professional capital with facilitating in school teams. TEAM PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/tpm-12-2019-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The project “Public schools in change – collaboration as a resource” was aimed to strengthen professional capital (social- human- and decision-capital) in public schools and as a part of this to strengthen collaboration within teams. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the approach of linking development of professional capital to the development of team competence through facilitating and discuss the adequacy of the methods used to fulfil the purpose.
Design/methodology/approach
This study was designed as a multiple case intervention implemented at four worksites. It was organized as a course consisting of four sessions among 15–20 team coordinators from each school unit. The research group provided insights and methods to increase the team’s ability to manage tasks and cooperate.
Findings
Based on observations of team meetings, the study provides a discussion on the usefulness of the approach of linking team competence and professional capital. Both at theoretical and practical levels, the study finds it is meaningful to combine facilitating as methods to ensure the creation of value in organizational teamwork, in general, with the concept of professional capital pointing on the quality of the core task and particularly developed within an educational context.
Research limitations/implications
The study provide a presentation of two theoretical frameworks and a discussion of the adequacy of linking these frameworks to the development of team competences in a school context.
Practical implications
The study suggests that organizations and educational institutions (of teachers, physicians, and social workers) may benefit from linking professional capital and facilitating and thereby provide employees and students training in professional collaboration.
Social implications
In a still more complex society, collaboration is crucial. The study suggests ways to improve collaboration, quality of the core task along with the relational dimensions in the psychosocial work environment.
Originality/value
Development of professional capital through increased team competences and facilitating skills represents a new and promising approach with theoretical as well as practical implications within a school context. Indeed, not only school teams but also teams in other organizations dealing with social- task- and contextual complexity can benefit from the insights and experiences of this study.
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Clausen T, Meng A, Borg V. Is Work Group Social Capital Associated With Sickness Absence? A Study of Workplace Registered Sickness Absence at the Work Group Level. Saf Health Work 2020; 11:228-234. [PMID: 32596020 PMCID: PMC7303523 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The concept of social capital has its focus on cooperative relations in the workplace. This study investigates the association between social capital and sickness absence among workers in 41 work groups in the Danish dairy industry and examines the possible effects of an intervention on social capital in the workplace on sickness absence. Methods A sample of 791 dairy workers working in 41 work groups that participated in an intervention study on social capital filled in a questionnaire on four subtypes of social capital, and social capital scores from individual participants were aggregated to the level of work groups. Sickness absence was measured at the level of work groups in company registers as the two-year average percentage of working time lost to sickness absence. Group-level associations between social capital and sickness absence were analyzed using multilevel linear regression analysis. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, group size, and random effects at the workplace level. Results We found statistically significant associations between social capital within work groups, social capital in relation to the immediate manager, and social capital toward the workplace as a whole on the one side and sickness absence on the other side. We found no support for any effects of the intervention on sickness absence. Conclusion The work group level of social capital is associated with the work group level of sickness absence. However, the intervention to enhance group-level social capital had no effect on reducing sickness absence in the intervention group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark
| | - Annette Meng
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark
| | - Vilhem Borg
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark
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Pfaff H, Braithwaite J. A Parsonian Approach to Patient Safety: Transformational Leadership and Social Capital as Preconditions for Clinical Risk Management-the GI Factor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113989. [PMID: 32512794 PMCID: PMC7312507 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the combination of transformational leadership and social capital in safety capacity building. Drawing on the A-G-I-L concept of Talcott Parsons, we test a model for patient safety. The hypothesis is, that good safety management needs a combination of goal attainment (G) and integration (I), here called the GI factor. We tested this hypothesis by using transformational leadership as a surrogate for goal attainment and social capital as a surrogate for integration in a study of the perceptions of chief medical officers in 551 German hospitals. We conducted a cross-sectional hospital survey combined with secondary data analysis in all German hospitals with at least one internal medicine unit and one surgery unit (N = 1224 hospitals) in the year 2008 with a response rate of 45% (N = 551). The regression model explained 17.9% of the variance in perceived clinical risk management. We found that if both requirements for goal-oriented collective action-transformational leadership and social capital-are met, good safety management is more likely. The tentative conclusion is that it takes transformative leaders and cohesive followers together as a social basis to improve safety in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Pfaff
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), Faculty of Human Science and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Eupener Str. 129, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jeffrey Braithwaite
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
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Yoshida Y, Hiratsuka Y, Kawachi I, Murakami A, Kondo K, Aida J. Association between visual status and social participation in older Japanese: The JAGES cross-sectional study. Soc Sci Med 2020; 253:112959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ansmann L, Hower KI, Wirtz MA, Kowalski C, Ernstmann N, McKee L, Pfaff H. Measuring social capital of healthcare organizations reported by employees for creating positive workplaces - validation of the SOCAPO-E instrument. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:272. [PMID: 32234055 PMCID: PMC7106807 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In highly segmented and complex healthcare organizations social capital is assumed to be of high relevance for the coordination of tasks in healthcare. So far, comprehensively validated instruments on social capital in healthcare organizations are lacking. The aim of this work is to validate an instrument measuring social capital in healthcare organizations. METHODS This validation study is based on a cross-sectional survey of 1050 hospital employees from 49 German hospitals which specialize in breast cancer care. Social capital was assessed by a six-item scale. Reliability analyses and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine the content validity of items within the theory-driven one-dimensional scale structure. The scale's associations with measures of the social aspects of the work environment (identification, social support, open communication climate) were estimated to test convergent validity. Criterion-related validity was evaluated by conducting structural equation modelling to examine the predictive validity of the scale with measures of work engagement, well-being and burnout. RESULTS A one-dimensional structure of the instrument could be identified (CFI = .99; RMSEA = .06). Convergent validity was shown by hypothesis-consistent correlations with social support offered by supervisors and colleagues, a climate of open communication, and employee commitment to the organization. Criterion-related validity of the social capital scale was proved by its prediction of employee work engagement (R2 = .10-.13 for the three subscales), well-being (R2 = .13), and burnout (R2 = .06-.11 for the three subscales). CONCLUSIONS The confirmed associations between social capital and work engagement, burnout as well as well-being stress the importance of social capital as a vital resource for employee health and performance in healthcare organizations. In healthcare organizations this short instrument can be used as an efficient instrument to measure the organizations' social capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ansmann
- Division for Organizational Health Services Research, Department of Health Services Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 140, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Kira Isabel Hower
- Institute for Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Nicole Ernstmann
- Center for Health Communication and Health Services Research, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lorna McKee
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Holger Pfaff
- Institute for Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Burr H, Berthelsen H, Moncada S, Nübling M, Dupret E, Demiral Y, Oudyk J, Kristensen TS, Llorens C, Navarro A, Lincke HJ, Bocéréan C, Sahan C, Smith P, Pohrt A. The Third Version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. Saf Health Work 2019; 10:482-503. [PMID: 31890332 PMCID: PMC6933167 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A new third version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) has been developed in response to trends in working life, theoretical concepts, and international experience. A key component of the COPSOQ III is a defined set of mandatory core items to be included in national short, middle, and long versions of the questionnaire. The aim of the present article is to present and test the reliability of the new international middle version of the COPSOQ III. METHODS The questionnaire was tested among 23,361 employees during 2016-2017 in Canada, Spain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Turkey. A total of 26 dimensions (measured through scales or single items) of the middle version and two from the long version were tested. Psychometric properties of the dimensions were assessed regarding reliability (Cronbach α), ceiling and floor effects (fractions with extreme answers), and distinctiveness (correlations with other dimensions). RESULTS Most international middle dimensions had satisfactory reliability in most countries, though some ceiling and floor effects were present. Dimensions with missing values were rare. Most dimensions had low to medium intercorrelations. CONCLUSIONS The COPSOQ III offers reliable and distinct measures of a wide range of psychosocial dimensions of modern working life in different countries; although a few measures could be improved. Future testing should focus on validation of the COPSOQ items and dimensions using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Such investigations would enhance the basis for recommendations using the COPSOQ III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Burr
- Division 3 Work and Health, Federal Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanne Berthelsen
- Center for Work Life and Evaluation Studies (CTA) and the Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Salvador Moncada
- Union Institute of Work, Environment and Health (ISTAS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Nübling
- Freiburg Research Centre for Occupational Sciences (FFAW), Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Yucel Demiral
- Department of Public Health, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - John Oudyk
- Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers (OHCOW), Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Clara Llorens
- Union Institute of Work, Environment and Health (ISTAS), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Group on Psychosocial Risks, Organization of Work and Health (POWAH), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Navarro
- Research Group on Psychosocial Risks, Organization of Work and Health (POWAH), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Lincke
- Freiburg Research Centre for Occupational Sciences (FFAW), Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ceyda Sahan
- Department of Public Health, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Peter Smith
- Institute for Work and Health (IWH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Pohrt
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Can work-unit social capital buffer the association between workplace violence and long-term sickness absence? A prospective cohort study of healthcare employees. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 93:355-364. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hori D, Takao S, Kawachi I, Ohtaki Y, Andrea CS, Takahashi T, Shiraki N, Ikeda T, Ikeda Y, Doki S, Oi Y, Sasahara S, Matsuzaki I. Relationship between workplace social capital and suicidal ideation in the past year among employees in Japan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:919. [PMID: 31288766 PMCID: PMC6617579 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the associations between social capital and health. In residential or geographical areas, social capital has attracted attention for its protective effects against suicide. However, to this date, the relationship between social capital and suicidal ideation is not fully elaborated in the occupational setting. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the association between workplace social capital and suicidal ideation in the past year among employees in Japan. Methods A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted in February/March 2017 via an anonymous self-administered questionnaire distributed to workers in Tsukuba Science City, Japan. Binomial logistic regressions were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for suicidal ideation in the past year, controlling for age group, marital status, educational attainment, and annual household income. The results were shown stratified by sex and occupation. Results In total, 7255 of 19,481 workers responded, out of which we could analyze 6325 responses (4030 men, 2295 women). The prevalence of suicidal ideation in the past year was 5.9% for men and 7.8% for women. Low workplace social capital was statistically significantly associated with suicidal ideation both for men (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.72–3.83) and for women (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.15–2.66), compared with high workplace social capital after controlling for socioeconomic factors. Conclusion Higher workplace social capital was associated with a reduced risk of suicidal ideation in the past year. Promoting workplace social capital could contribute to preventing suicide among employees in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hori
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Soshi Takao
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - Tsukasa Takahashi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nagisa Shiraki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ikeda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yu Ikeda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shotaro Doki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sasahara
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Ichiyo Matsuzaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, Tsukuba, Japan
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Rodgers J, Valuev AV, Hswen Y, Subramanian SV. Social capital and physical health: An updated review of the literature for 2007-2018. Soc Sci Med 2019; 236:112360. [PMID: 31352315 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social capital is frequently indicated as a determinant of population health. Despite an increase in the frequency of public health studies including such measures, our understanding of social capital's effects on health remains unclear. In 2008, a systematic review of the "first decade" of research on social capital and health was published in the textbook Social Capital and Health. Our study intends to update and expand upon this original review to account for developments in the literature over the second decade of research on social capital and health. METHODS We employed a systematic review of empirical studies investigating the relationship between measures of social capital and physical health outcomes published between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2018. To identify potential studies, we conducted searches of PubMed, Embase, and PsychINFO databases in January 2019 using combinations of "social capital" and "physical health" search terms. RESULTS We identified 1,608 unique articles and reviewed 145 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. The most frequently examined health condition was self-reported health (57%), followed by mortality (12%), cardiovascular diseases (10%), obesity (7%), diabetes (6%), infectious diseases (5%), and cancers (3%). Of these studies, 127 (88%) reported at least partial support for a protective association between social capital and health. However, only 41 (28%) reported exclusively positive findings. The majority (59%) of results were mixed, suggesting a nuanced relationship between social capital and health. This finding could also be indicative of differences in study design, which showed substantial variation. CONCLUSIONS Despite limitations in the literature, our review chronicles an evolution in the field of social capital and health in terms of size and sophistication. Overall, these studies suggest that social capital may be an important protective factor for some physical health outcomes, but further research is needed to confirm and clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Rodgers
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University, 310 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Anna V Valuev
- Department of Global Health and Health Policy, Harvard University, 14 Story Street Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yulin Hswen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University, 310 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S V Subramanian
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Framke E, Sørensen OH, Pedersen J, Clausen T, Borg V, Rugulies R. Effect of a participatory organizational workplace intervention on workplace social capital: post-hoc results from a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:693. [PMID: 31170944 PMCID: PMC6554896 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high level of workplace social capital (WSC) may contribute to the protection of employees' health. We hypothesized that a participatory workplace intervention would increase the level of WSC defined as vertical WSC (i.e. WSC linking together employees and their leaders) and horizontal WSC (i.e. WSC bonding employees together). METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis of a cluster randomized controlled trial that was implemented among all employees in 78 municipal Danish pre-schools (44 intervention and 34 control group schools). The study sample consisted of 606 employees, 386 in the intervention and 220 in the control group. The intervention aimed to improve the psychosocial working environment by using a participatory approach and focusing on core job tasks. Vertical and horizontal WSC was measured by five and four items, respectively, at baseline and at 24-months follow-up. We estimated intervention effect by calculating the interaction of change over time by group assignment (intervention versus control group) and included workplace identification number in a repeated statement to take into account that employees were nested within workplaces. We conducted post-hoc analyses to examine whether intervention effect differed by implementation degree. RESULTS WSC decreased in both groups. In the main analyses, there was no statistically significant difference between intervention and control group, neither for vertical nor horizontal WSC. However, when we excluded intervention workplaces with a low degree of implementation, we found a statistically significant difference between the intervention and the control group (estimate: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.50, p = 0.049), indicating that vertical WSC decreased in the control group and remained stable in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS There was not a statistically significant difference between intervention and control group in the main analysis. Post-hoc analyses, however, suggest that the intervention may have prevented a decrease in vertical WSC among employees in workplaces with a high or a medium degree of implementation. A conference abstract with the key results of this study has been previously presented and published, European Journal of Public Health, Volume 28, Issue suppl_4, November 2018, cky260, https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/28/suppl_4/cky260/5187184 . TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN16271504 , retrospectively registered on November 15, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Framke
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ole Henning Sørensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Pedersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilhelm Borg
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, DK-1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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The association of vertical and horizontal workplace social capital with employees' job satisfaction, exhaustion and sleep disturbances: a prospective study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:883-890. [PMID: 30969362 PMCID: PMC6609764 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Workplace social capital (WSC) may be beneficial for employees’ health and well-being; however, most studies have analyzed WSC on the individual and not the workplace level. We test whether higher compared to lower levels of vertical WSC (WSC between employees and superiors) and horizontal WSC (WSC between employees), measured at the workplace level, is prospectively associated with higher levels of employees’ well-being. Methods Using data from an intervention study, we analyzed associations between workplace aggregated vertical and horizontal WSC at baseline with job satisfaction, exhaustion and sleep disturbances at 24-months follow-up. The sample included 606 municipal pre-school employees (71 workplaces). We adjusted for individual and workplace characteristics, baseline scores of outcomes, intervention status, and the interaction of exposure with intervention status. We used the Genmod procedure in SAS with a repeated statement to account for correlation of individuals within workplaces. We repeated analyses using individual-level WSC measurements. Results Higher levels of vertical and horizontal WSC at baseline predicted a higher level of job satisfaction (0.20, p = 0.01 and 0.24, p = 0.01, respectively) and a lower level of exhaustion (− 0.33, p = 0.04 and − 0.43, p = 0.04) at follow-up in the most adjusted model. Analyses with individual-level measures yielded similar results and further showed an association of a higher level of horizontal WSC with a lower level of sleep disturbances. Conclusions Higher levels of vertical and horizontal WSC were prospectively associated with better well-being of employees in municipal pre-schools. Workplaces may thus consider focusing on improving WSC as a means for ensuring or improving employees’ well-being. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00420-019-01432-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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16
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Alterman T, Tsai R, Ju J, Kelly KM. Trust in the Work Environment and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Findings from the Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020230. [PMID: 30650574 PMCID: PMC6352238 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined associations between trust, an important aspect of workplace social capital, with seven cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (American Heart Association Life’s Simple 7 (LS7)): smoking, obesity, low physical activity, poor diet, diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. Data are from the U.S. Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index (2010–2012), a nationally representative telephone survey of U.S. workers (n = 412,884). The independent variable was the response to a work environment (WE) question as to whether their supervisor always creates an open and trusting environment. Regression models were adjusted for demographic characteristics with each of the LS7 CVD risk factors as dependent variables. Twenty-one percent of workers reported that their supervisor did not create an open and trusting environment. Trust was associated with increased adjusted odds of having many of the LS7 CVD risk factors. Among those workers whose supervisor created a mistrustful environment, the odds ratios were greatest (>20%) for having four or more of the LS7 CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Alterman
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, (MS-R17), 1090 Tusculum Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
| | - Rebecca Tsai
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, (MS-R17), 1090 Tusculum Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
| | - Jun Ju
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, (MS-R17), 1090 Tusculum Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
| | - Kevin M Kelly
- UI Healthier Workforce Center, The University of Iowa, UI Research Park, IREH #106, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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17
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Two theoretical strands of social capital, and total, cardiovascular, cancer and other mortality: A population-based prospective cohort study. SSM Popul Health 2019; 7:100337. [PMID: 30623011 PMCID: PMC6302214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim is to prospectively investigate both the “cohesion” and “network” perspectives of social capital in relation to total, cardiovascular (CVD), cancer and all other causes mortality. The 2008 public health survey in Scania was a postal questionnaire with three letters of reminder, and it was answered in the Autumn by 28,198 respondents (55% participation) aged 18–80 from a stratified random sample of the population register. This baseline was connected with the national causes of death registry (Dödsorsaksregistret) with a more than five-year follow-up August 27- November 14 (depending on individual response) to December 31, 2013 (946 deaths). The analyses were performed in multiple adjusted survival (Cox-) regression models. Results show that low social participation, common to both theoretical perspectives, had consistently high hazard rate ratios (HRRs) of total, CVD, cancer and other morality, and that HRRs of total and CVD mortality remained statistically significant even after adjustments for all covariates including health behaviors, BMI, unmet healthcare needs and self-rated health, HRR 1.28 (1.08–1.52) and HRR 1.79 (1.28–2.50), respectively. In contrast, low social support, specific to the “network” perspective, showed no significant associations with mortality, except for low emotional and instrumental support and other causes mortality for which HRRs remained significant adjusted for demographics and socioeconomic status (SES). Generalized trust in other people, specific to the “cohesion” perspective, showed statistically significant HRRs for total and other causes mortality until adjustments for health-related behaviours and BMI, although not after complete adjustments, and significant HRRs for CVD and cancer mortality before adjustment for health behaviours. In conclusion, low social participation is consistently associated with all forms of mortality, and particularly total and CVD mortality. Social participation represents a strong core of social capital theory, and items should measure both variety of social contact surfaces and intensity. There is no consensus regarding the definition of social capital. The “network” and “cohesion” approaches are discussed in the public health literature. Generalized trust is specific to the cohesion approach also including social participation. Social support is sometimes defined as an aspect of network which also includes social participation. Social participation was the strongest predictor of total and cause-specific mortality.
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18
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Hvidtfeldt UA, Bjorner JB, Jensen JH, Breinegaard N, Hasle P, Bonde JPE, Rod NH. Cohort Profile: The Well-being in HospitAL Employees (WHALE) study. Int J Epidemiol 2018. [PMID: 28637204 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakob Bue Bjorner
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Quality Metric, Optum Patient Insights, Lincoln, RI, USA
| | - Johan Høy Jensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Breinegaard
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Hasle
- Center for Industrial Production, Department of Business and Management, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Middleton N, Andreou P, Karanikola M, Kouta C, Kolokotroni O, Papastavrou E. Investigation into the metric properties of the workplace social capital questionnaire and its association with self-rated health and psychological distress amongst Greek-Cypriot registered nurses: cross-sectional descriptive study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1061. [PMID: 30139337 PMCID: PMC6108116 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social capital can been described as an individual or a collective attribute, with structural and cognitive components, and a bonding, bridging and linking typology. While extensively studied in the community, studies in occupational settings are sparse by comparison. Furthermore, there is no uniformity in its measurement. This study investigated the construct validity of a Workplace Social Capital questionnaire (WSC), originally developed in the Finnish Public Sector occupational cohort, in a different socio-cultural setting (Cyprus), language (Greek) and occupational group (Registered Nurses). It also explored its criterion concurrent validity according to observed association with self-rated health and psychological distress. Methods Participants were 10% of all registered nurses (N = 362) who responded to the 8-item WSC scale during a nationwide educational programme. A unidimensional model was compared with the postulated two-factor (structural vs cognitive) and three-factor model (bonding, bridging, linking) in Confirmatory Factor Analyses. The association with self-rated health (0–100 Visual Analogue Scale) and mental distress (GHQ-12 ≥ 4) was assessed in linear and logistic regression models. Results A bonding (Cronbach’s a = 0.76), bridging (a = 0.78) and linking (a = 0.89) structure explained 77.6% of the variance and was a better fit as indicated by goodness of fit indices. Elevated odds of mental distress and poorer self-rated health were observed among participants with the lowest levels of perceived workplace social capital. In adjusted models, associations appeared stronger with bonding social capital (adjOR of mental distress = 2.71 95% CI = 1.08, 6.79) while those with the highest scores rated their health higher by 8.0 points on average (95% CI = 2.1, 13.8). Low linking social capital was also associated with poorer health but no consistent associations were observed with bridging. Conclusion While associations appeared stronger with bonding and linking, this may reflect a weakness of the measure to fully capture bridging social capital. Even though, this aspect might need strengthening, the WSC showed good metric properties in a different setting, language and occupational group. Cross-national and cognitive validation studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicos Middleton
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Panayiota Andreou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Maria Karanikola
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Christiana Kouta
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Ourania Kolokotroni
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus.,St George University of London Medical School at the University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evridiki Papastavrou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus
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Gao J, Wang J, Yu D, Dai J, Zhu Y, Fu H. Associations between psychosocial work environments and social capital: a multilevel analysis study in a Chinese context. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:976. [PMID: 30081887 PMCID: PMC6090743 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the determinants of social capital is the prerequisite to building social capital. However there was few studies to explore factors related to workplace social capital. We aim to examine associations between psychosocial work environments and social capital in a Chinese context through a cross-sectional study. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, China from December 2016 through March 2017. In total, 2380 workers from 32 workplaces were randomly sampled by a two-stage sampling procedure. Workplace social capital (WSC), psychosocial work environments (PWEs), and workplace Chinese Confucian values (CCVs), were assessed using validated and psychometrically tested measures. Multilevel ordinal regression models were used to examine the associations of WSC with individual- and workplace-level PWEs and workplace CCVs after controlling for individual socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS After controlling for individual socioeconomic characteristics, all individual-level PWEs (unstandardized coefficients [B] ranging from 0.280 to 2.467) were positively associated with WSC. Individual-level workplace CCVs had mixed associations with WSC-high individual levels of respect for authorities (B: 0.325; 95%CI: 0.134, 0.516) and altruism (B: 0.347; 95%CI: 0.155, 0.539) were associated with high WSC, while high individual levels of acceptance of authorities (B: - 0.214; 95%CI: - 0.381, - 0.046) and the mianzi rule (B: - 0.258; 95%CI: - 0.435, - 0.080) were associatecd with low WSC. No workplace-level variable was associated with WSC. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that workplace social capital associates with multiple factors. Psychosocial work environments and cultural context are important in understanding variations in workplace social capital between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University; Fudan Health Communication Institute, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Pudong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Denglai Yu
- Pudong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Junming Dai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University; Fudan Health Communication Institute, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongkai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University; Fudan Health Communication Institute, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua Fu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University; Fudan Health Communication Institute, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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21
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Török E, Clark AJ, Jensen JH, Lange T, Bonde JP, Bjorner JB, Rugulies R, Hvidtfeldt UA, Hansen ÅM, Ersbøll AK, Rod NH. Work-unit social capital and long-term sickness absence: a prospective cohort study of 32 053 hospital employees. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:623-629. [PMID: 29875292 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a lack of studies investigating social capital at the workplace level in small and relatively homogeneous work-units. The aim of the study was to investigate whether work-unit social capital predicts a lower risk of individual long-term sickness absence among Danish hospital employees followed prospectively for 1 year. METHODS This study is based on the Well-being in HospitAL Employees cohort. The study sample consisted of 32 053 individuals nested within 2182 work-units in the Capital Region of Denmark. Work-unit social capital was measured with an eight-item scale covering elements of trust, justice and collaboration between employees and leaders. Social capital at the work-unit level was computed as the aggregated mean of individual-level social capital within each work-unit. Data on long-term sickness absence were retrieved from the employers' payroll system and were operationalised as ≥29 consecutive days of sickness absence. We used a 12-point difference in social capital as the metric in our analyses and conducted two-level hierarchical logistic regression analysis. Adjustments were made for sex, age, seniority, occupational group and part-time work at the individual level, and work-unit size, the proportion of female employees and the proportion of part-time work at the work-unit level. RESULTS The OR for long-term sickness absence associated with a 12-point higher work-unit social capital was 0.73 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.78). Further, we found an association between higher work-unit social capital and lower long-term sickness absence across quartiles of social capital: compared with the lowest quartile, the OR for long-term sickness absence in the highest quartile was 0.51 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.60). CONCLUSION Our study provides support for work-unit social capital being a protective factor for individual long-term sickness absence among hospital employees in the Capital Region of Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Török
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alice Jessie Clark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Høy Jensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theis Lange
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bue Bjorner
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Kjær Ersbøll
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Hansen ASK, Madsen IEH, Thorsen SV, Melkevik O, Bjørner JB, Andersen I, Rugulies R. Does workplace social capital protect against long-term sickness absence? Linking workplace aggregated social capital to sickness absence registry data. Scand J Public Health 2018; 46:290-296. [PMID: 28784025 PMCID: PMC5946659 DOI: 10.1177/1403494817721672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Most previous prospective studies have examined workplace social capital as a resource of the individual. However, literature suggests that social capital is a collective good. In the present study we examined whether a high level of workplace aggregated social capital (WASC) predicts a decreased risk of individual-level long-term sickness absence (LTSA) in Danish private sector employees. METHODS A sample of 2043 employees (aged 18-64 years, 38.5% women) from 260 Danish private-sector companies filled in a questionnaire on workplace social capital and covariates. WASC was calculated by assigning the company-averaged social capital score to all employees of each company. We derived LTSA, defined as sickness absence of more than three weeks, from a national register. We examined if WASC predicted employee LTSA using multilevel survival analyses, while excluding participants with LTSA in the three months preceding baseline. RESULTS We found no statistically significant association in any of the analyses. The hazard ratio for LTSA in the fully adjusted model was 0.93 (95% CI 0.77-1.13) per one standard deviation increase in WASC. When using WASC as a categorical exposure we found a statistically non-significant tendency towards a decreased risk of LTSA in employees with medium WASC (fully adjusted model: HR 0.78 (95% CI 0.48-1.27)). Post hoc analyses with workplace social capital as a resource of the individual showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS WASC did not predict LTSA in this sample of Danish private-sector employees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ida E. H. Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Melkevik
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bue Bjørner
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Optum, Lincoln, RI, USA
| | | | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Virtanen M. Towards sustainable work and longer working lives. Scand J Public Health 2018; 46:287-289. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494818765394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jay K, Andersen LL. Can high social capital at the workplace buffer against stress and musculoskeletal pain?: Cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0124. [PMID: 29561410 PMCID: PMC5895355 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Work-related musculoskeletal pain and stress are both highly prevalent in the working environment and relate well to the biopsychosocial model. While the onset of musculoskeletal pain is often dependent on the biological element of the biopsychosocial model, chronic pain is often influenced by psychological and social factors. Similarly, stress is also influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. This study investigates the possibility of social capital being a buffer for stress and musculoskeletal pain in a group of female laboratory technicians.Female laboratory technicians (n = 500) replied to questions about stress (Cohens Perceived Stress Scale-10), musculoskeletal pain (0-10 visual analog scale), and social capital at the workplace (bonding [in teams], bridging [between teams], and linking [between teams and leaders]). Outcome variables were stress and musculoskeletal pain and the predictor variable was social capital. General linear models tested the association of the 3 types of social capital (predictor variables) with stress and pain (mutually adjusted outcome variables). Analyses were controlled for age, lifestyle (body mass index, smoking), seniority, and working hours per week.For stress as outcome, moderate and high bonding social capital were different from low social capital with -2.04 (95% confidence interval [CI] -3.33 to -0.76) and -4.56 (95% CI -5.84 to -3.28) points on the Perceived Stress Scale of 0 to 42, respectively. Similarly, moderate and high bridging social capital were different from low social capital with -1.50 (95% CI -2.76 to -0.24) and -4.39 (95% CI -5.75 to -3.03), respectively. For linking, only high social was significantly different from low with -2.94 (95% CI -4.28 to -1.60). None of the 3 types of social capital was associated with musculoskeletal pain.Higher levels of social capital at the workplace appear to buffer against stress, but not against musculoskeletal pain. Intervention studies should investigate whether improving bonding, bridging, and linking social capital at the workplace may be a viable strategy to prevent or reduce work-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Jay
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Carrick Institute for Graduate Studies, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Cape Canaveral, FL
| | - Lars L. Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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25
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Mukoswa GM, Charalambous S, Nelson G. The association between social capital and HIV treatment outcomes in South Africa. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184140. [PMID: 29121656 PMCID: PMC5679596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV treatment has reduced morbidity and mortality. By 2012, it was estimated that 60.4% of eligible South Africans accessed antiretroviral treatment; however, treatment adherence and retention remain the greatest challenges. There is a growing belief that social capital, seen as "the features of social organization that facilitate cooperation for mutual benefit", is important in promoting HIV treatment retention. The aim of this study was to establish whether social capital is associated with HIV treatment outcomes. METHODS AND FINDINGS This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from a cohort study that investigated how patient outcomes were linked to clinical characteristics, and included exploratory factor and logistic regression analysis. Data from 943 patients were analyzed. Outcomes for the analysis were visit non-adherence, unsuppressed viral load, and treatment failure. Sixteen percent of patients (n = 118) had unsuppressed viral loads; 19% (n = 179) were non-adherent; and 32% (n = 302) experienced treatment failure. Social capital had two dimensions that were described by two factors. There was no association between either factor and visit non-adherence. Social capital factor 1 was marginally associated with lower risks of unsuppressed viral load and treatment failure at 12 months (OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.58-1.03 and OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.62-0.93, respectively); but not with visit non-adherence (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.71-1.22). After controlling for confounders, the odds of both unsuppressed viral load and treatment failure decreased with an increase in social capital factor 1. CONCLUSION This study suggests that social capital, in terms of the number of groups to which an HIV-infected person belongs, the diversity of the groups, availability of child support, and time available for community projects, is protective against poor HIV treatment outcomes. Implementers and policy makers in the areas of HIV treatment and prevention need to consider the inclusion of social capital in the design of HIV/AIDS treatment program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Musanse Mukoswa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Salome Charalambous
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gill Nelson
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Hou Z, Lin S, Zhang D. Social capital, neighbourhood characteristics and utilisation of local public health services among domestic migrants in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014224. [PMID: 28821507 PMCID: PMC5724155 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the association between structural social capital and public health services use, and explored the modifiable effect of neighbourhood factors on this association among domestic migrants in China. METHODS Data were from a 2014 nationally representative cross-sectional sample of domestic migrants aged 15-59 years in China. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between structural social capital, measured by participation in social organisations and social activities, and use of public health services. Interaction terms between neighbourhood urban status, neighbourhood composition and social capital were further assessed in the models. RESULTS Migrants who participated in social organisations were more likely to establish health records (OR 1.467, 95% CI 1.201 to 1.793) and receive health education information (OR 1.729, 95% CI 1.484 to 2.016) than those who did not. Participation in social activities was positively associated with establishing health records only in urban communities (OR 1.853, 95% CI 1.060 to 3.239), and it was positively linked to receiving health education information among those living with a higher percentage of local neighbours (OR 1.451, 95% CI 1.044 to 2.017). CONCLUSIONS Structural social capital was related to an increased utilisation of local public health services among migrants. The findings of this study provided new evidence for the differential influences of social capital by neighbourhood characteristics in China, which suggested the importance to enhance social capital in rural/suburban communities and communities where the majority of the residents were migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Hou
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, National Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Ministry of Health), Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Senlin Lin
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, National Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Ministry of Health), Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donglan Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Psychometric assessment of a scale to measure bonding workplace social capital. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179461. [PMID: 28662058 PMCID: PMC5491017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Workplace social capital (WSC) has attracted increasing attention as an organizational and psychosocial factor related to worker health. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a newly developed WSC scale for use in work environments, where bonding social capital is important. METHODS We assessed the psychometric properties of a newly developed 6-item scale to measure bonding WSC using two data sources. Participants were 1,650 randomly selected workers who completed an online survey. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted. We examined the item-item and item-total correlations, internal consistency, and associations between scale scores and a previous 8-item measure of WSC. We evaluated test-retest reliability by repeating the survey with 900 of the respondents 2 weeks later. The overall scale reliability was quantified by an intraclass coefficient and the standard error of measurement. We evaluated convergent validity by examining the association with several relevant workplace psychosocial factors using a dataset from workers employed by an electrical components company (n = 2,975). RESULTS The scale was unidimensional. The item-item and item-total correlations ranged from 0.52 to 0.78 (p < 0.01) and from 0.79 to 0.89 (p < 0.01), respectively. Internal consistency was good (Cronbach's α coefficient: 0.93). The correlation with the 8-item scale indicated high criterion validity (r = 0.81) and the scale showed high test-retest reliability (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). The intraclass coefficient and standard error of measurement were 0.74 (95% confidence intervals: 0.71-0.77) and 4.04 (95% confidence intervals: 1.86-6.20), respectively. Correlations with relevant workplace psychosocial factors showed convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed that the newly developed WSC scale has adequate psychometric properties.
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Pereira CAR, Winkler MS, Hacon SDS. Análise descritiva dos acidentes de trabalho ocorridos em Porto Velho (RO) entre 2002 e 2012. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-1104201611118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Realizou-se análise descritiva da série histórica de acidentes de trabalho ocorridos entre 2002 e 2012, em Porto Velho (RO), a fim de identificar se houve aumento relacionado com a implantação das obras do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento no município. Foram utilizados dados do Ministério da Previdência Social e da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais. Verificou-se aumento na incidência de acidentes de trabalho em Porto Velho a partir de 2008, quando se iniciaram as grandes obras. Embora não haja informações suficientes para estimar a carga de acidentes atribuíveis às obras, evidencia-se a necessidade de tomar medidas para o controle de riscos em grandes empreendimentos.
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Framke E, Sørensen OH, Pedersen J, Rugulies R. Effect of a participatory organizational-level occupational health intervention on job satisfaction, exhaustion and sleep disturbances: results of a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1210. [PMID: 27899101 PMCID: PMC5129592 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We examined whether the implementation of a participatory organizational-level intervention aiming to improve the working environment with a focus on the core task at work, increased job satisfaction and reduced exhaustion and sleep disturbances among pre-school employees. Methods The study sample consisted of 41 intervention group pre-schools with 423 employees and 30 control group pre-schools with 241 employees. The intervention lasted 25 months and consisted of seminars, workshops, and workplace specific intervention activities that were developed by focusing on the core task at work. We analyzed within-group changes in the three outcome variables from baseline to follow-up with t-tests for paired samples, separately for intervention and control group. Between-group differences in changes in the three outcome variables were analyzed using a mixed model with a repeated statement to account for the clustering effect of workplaces. Results Within-group analyses showed that exhaustion decreased statistically significantly in both the intervention and the control group. There were no statistically significantly changes in job satisfaction and sleep disturbances. Between-group analyses showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for changes in any of the outcome variables, neither in the unadjusted or in the adjusted analyses. Conclusions We found no evidence that participating in an organizational-level occupational health intervention aiming to improve the working environment with a focus on the core task at work has an effect on pre-school employees’ job satisfaction, exhaustion and sleep disturbances. Trial registration ISRCTN16271504, November 15, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Framke
- Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A. C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ole Henning Sørensen
- Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A. C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Pedersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, DK-1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pattussi MP, Olinto MTA, Canuto R, da Silva Garcez A, Paniz VMV, Kawachi I. Workplace social capital, mental health and health behaviors among Brazilian female workers. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:1321-30. [PMID: 27155973 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have investigated the relationship between workplace social capital and mental health, yet few have sought to examine the mediating mechanisms. We sought to explore the role of workplace social capital on health related behaviors and on mental health among female employees in Brazil. METHODS A cross-sectional study was undertaken with 553 women aged 28-50 years working in the production line of a poultry processing plant. We assessed workplace social capital, common mental disorders, stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and health related behaviors (physical activity, healthy eating habits and co-occurrence of risk behaviors). We used structural equation modeling to clarify relationships between exposures, outcomes, and mediating variables. RESULTS Our model demonstrated a direct effect of social capital on the outcomes studied. Higher workplace social capital was associated with lower stress and common mental disorders as well as more favorable health-related behaviors. Our model also showed an indirect effect of social capital on mental health and on behaviors that was mediated by lower levels of perceived stress. CONCLUSION Workplace social cohesion may play an important role in the promotion of mental health and healthy behaviors among women employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Pascoal Pattussi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos 950, São Leopoldo, RS, 93022-000, Brazil.
| | - Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos 950, São Leopoldo, RS, 93022-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel Canuto
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 9003500, Brazil
| | - Anderson da Silva Garcez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos 950, São Leopoldo, RS, 93022-000, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Vieira Paniz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos 950, São Leopoldo, RS, 93022-000, Brazil
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Publich Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Løkke AK. Social capital and health and job related outcomes: the case of a large municipality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-12-2014-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between workplace social capital and health and job related outcomes in a large Danish municipality.
Design/methodology/approach
– Data used in this cross-sectional study are based on an electronic employee survey conducted in 2012 in a large municipality. Of the total population of 5,672 individuals, the number of participants amounted to 4,162, leading to a response rate of 73.4 percent. Binary logistic regression analysis is used as a statistical method, and odds ratios and their corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals have been estimated.
Findings
– The level of social capital is fairly high in the municipality (3.75 on a five-point scale). Social capital is related to health (OR=0.420) and psychological distress (OR=0.282) but has an even stronger relationship to job satisfaction and commitment (OR is 9.889 and 7.800, respectively). The study contributes with the conclusion that different sub-dimensions of social capital are related to health and job related outcomes. Therefore, managers need to be specific about what exactly they want to achieve with the implementation of social capital in municipalities.
Originality/value
– Research of the relationship between social capital and health and job related outcomes based on a case study approach of a municipality are limited. This paper makes an original contribution in providing evidence of the importance of social capital for Danish municipal sector employees’ health, job satisfaction, and commitment in a work context.
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Rugulies R, Hasle P, Pejtersen JH, Aust B, Bjorner JB. Workplace social capital and risk of long-term sickness absence. Are associations modified by occupational grade? Eur J Public Health 2016; 26:328-33. [PMID: 26823442 PMCID: PMC4804737 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Workplace social capital (WSC) is an emerging topic among both work environment professionals and researchers. We examined (i) whether high WSC protected against risk of long-term sickness absence (LTSA) in a random sample of the Danish workforce during a 1-year follow-up and (ii) whether the association of WSC with sickness absence was modified by occupational grade. Methods: We measured WSC by self-report in a cohort of 3075 employees and linked responses to a national register of sickness absence. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of onset of LTSA (≥21 days), adjusted for covariates. We stratified analyses by occupational grade and examined if there was an interaction effect of WSC and occupational grade. Results: A one standard deviation higher WSC score predicted a reduced risk of sickness absence after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, prevalent health problems and health behaviours (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.74–0.99). The HR was attenuated and lost statistical significance after further adjustment for occupational grade (HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.78–1.04). When stratified by occupational grade, high WSC predicted a decreased risk of sickness absence among higher grade workers (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44–0.84) but not among lower grade workers (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.83–1.15). The interaction effect of WSC and occupational grade was statistically significant (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99). Conclusion: High WSC might reduce risk of LTSA. However, the protective effect appears to be limited to workers of higher occupational grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Rugulies
- 1 National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark 2 Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 3 Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Hasle
- 4 Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Birgit Aust
- 1 National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bue Bjorner
- 1 National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark 2 Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 6 Optum, Lincoln, RI, USA
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De Clercq B, Clays E, Janssens H, De Bacquer D, Casini A, Kittel F, Braeckman L. Health Behaviours As a Mechanism in the Prospective Relation between Workplace Reciprocity and Absenteeism: A Bridge too Far ? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141608. [PMID: 26524011 PMCID: PMC4629877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The persistent lack of evidence on causal mechanisms between social capital and health threatens the credibility of the social capital-health association. The present study aims to address this ongoing problem by investigating whether health behaviours (i.e. smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity) mediate the prospective relation between workplace reciprocity and future sickness absence. METHODS A cohort of 24,402 Belgian employees was followed up during 12 months for sickness absence. Workplace reciprocity was measured with four indicators-colleague help, colleague interest, supervisor help, and supervisor concern. Three types of multilevel mediation models were applied. RESULTS Overall, workplace reciprocity negatively related to high sickness absence (≥ 10 days) mainly independently from health behaviours. Uniquely, colleague interest positively related to smoking (OR = 1.058, 95% CI = 1.019, 1.098) and smoking in turn, positively related to sickness absence (OR = 1.074, 95% CI = 1.047, 1.101). No behavioural pathways could be identified between company-level reciprocity and sickness absence, and company-level health-related behaviours did not mediate the relation between company-level reciprocity and individual sickness absence. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that both social capital and health behaviours are relevant for employee health, but health behaviours seem not to be the underlying explanatory mechanism between workplace reciprocity and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart De Clercq
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heidi Janssens
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Bacquer
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annalisa Casini
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - France Kittel
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Choi M, Mesa-Frias M, Nuesch E, Hargreaves J, Prieto-Merino D, Bowling A, Snith GD, Ebrahim S, Dale C, Casas JP. Social capital, mortality, cardiovascular events and cancer: a systematic review of prospective studies. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 43:1895-920. [PMID: 25369975 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social capital is considered to be an important determinant of life expectancy and cardiovascular health. Evidence on the association between social capital and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer was systematically reviewed. METHODS Prospective studies examining the association of social capital with these outcomes were systematically sought in Medline, Embase and PsycInfo, all from inception to 8 October 2012. We categorized the findings from studies according to seven dimensions of social capital, including social participation, social network, civic participation,social support, trust, norm of reciprocity and sense of community, and pooled the estimates across studies to obtain summary relative risks of the health outcomes for each social capital dimension. We excluded studies focusing on children, refugees or immigrants and studies conducted in the former Soviet Union. RESULTS Fourteen prospective studies were identified. The pooled estimates showed no association between most social capital dimensions and all-cause mortality, CVD or cancer. Limited evidence was found for association of increased mortality with social participation and civic participation when comparing the most extreme risk comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Evidence to support an association between social capital and health outcomes is limited. Lack of consensus on measurements for social capital hinders the comparability of studies and weakens the evidence base.
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Sun X, Zhang N, Liu K, Li W, Oksanen T, Shi L. Effects of a randomized intervention to improve workplace social capital in community health centers in China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114924. [PMID: 25503627 PMCID: PMC4263705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine whether workplace social capital improved after implementing a workplace social capital intervention in community health centers in China. Methods This study was conducted in 20 community health centers of similar size in Jinan of China during 2012–2013. Using the stratified site randomization, 10 centers were randomized into the intervention group; one center was excluded due to leadership change in final analyses. The baseline survey including 447 staff (response rate: 93.1%) was conducted in 2012, and followed by a six-month workplace social capital intervention, including team building courses for directors of community health centers, voluntarily public services, group psychological consultation, and outdoor training. The follow-up survey in July 2013 was responded to by 390 staff members (response rate: 86.9%). Workplace social capital was assessed with the translated and culturally adapted scale, divided into vertical and horizontal dimensions. The facility-level intervention effects were based on all baseline (n = 427) and follow-up (n = 377) respondents, except for Weibei respondents. We conducted a bivariate Difference-in-Difference analysis to estimate the facility-level intervention effects. Results No statistically significant intervention effects were observed at the center level; the intervention increased the facility-level workplace social capital, and its horizontal and vertical dimensions by 1.0 (p = 0.24), 0.4 (p = 0.46) and 0.8 (p = 0.16), respectively. Conclusions The comprehensive intervention seemed to slightly improve workplace social capital in community health centers of urban China at the center level. High attrition rate limits any causal interpretation of the results. Further studies are warranted to test these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Sun
- Center for Health Management and Policy of Shandong University (key Lab of Health Economics and Policy, National Health and Planning Commission), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Center for Health Management and Policy of Shandong University (key Lab of Health Economics and Policy, National Health and Planning Commission), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Center for Health Management and Policy of Shandong University (key Lab of Health Economics and Policy, National Health and Planning Commission), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Li
- Health Bureau of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lizheng Shi
- Department of Global Health Systems and Development, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Smith NDL, Kawachi I. State-level social capital and suicide mortality in the 50 U.S. states. Soc Sci Med 2014; 120:269-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Fernández Niño JA, Pinzón Flórez CE, Moreno Montoya J, Cepeda Gil MC, Idrovo Velandia ÁJ. Capital social en áreas rurales: adaptación al español y validación factorial de una escala. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2014; 19:2207-14. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232014197.09442013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
El capital social se considera un determinante estructural de desarrollo y bienestar social. Su componente cognitivo evalúa el grado de confianza de la población en sus sistemas de organización social, así como las interacciones comunitarias que estructuran respuestas sociales a los problemas sociales. Existen pocas escalas disponibles para la medición de este constructo. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la adaptación al español y validación psicométrica de una escala para la medición de capital social en contextos rurales. Se adaptó al español la escala de capital social cognitivo de Wang. Se aplicaron 1200 cuestionarios a adultos en 12 veredas de Tierralta (Colombia) seleccionados con muestreo aleatorio simple estratificado. Se realizó análisis factorial de la escala a partir de una matriz de correlación policórica. El análisis factorial exploratorio sugiere la existencia de dos factores principales distribuidos así: 7 ítems para el factor 1 (confianza) (valor propio 3.23.) y 2 ítems para el factor 2 (desconfianza) (valor propio 1.40). Como fue observado por Wang, Q9 y Q10 parecen preguntas ambiguas que no aportan suficiente a ninguno de los factores. Se presenta la primera validación factorial al español de la escala de capital social de Wang en el contexto social de la Colombia rural.
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OSHIO T, INOUE A, TSUTSUMI A. The mediating and moderating effects of workplace social capital on the associations between adverse work characteristics and psychological distress among Japanese workers. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2014; 52:313-323. [PMID: 24705803 PMCID: PMC4243017 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Our current study investigated how workplace social capital (WSC) mediates and moderates the associations between adverse work characteristics and psychological distress among Japanese workers. We collected cross-sectional data (N=9,350) from a baseline survey of an occupational Japanese cohort study. We focused on individual WSC and considered job demands/control, effort/reward, and two types (i.e., procedural and interactional) of organizational justice as work-characteristic variables. We defined psychological distress as a score of ≥5 on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6 scale). Multivariate logistic regression analyses predicted a binary variable of psychological distress by individual WSC and adverse work characteristics, adjusting for individual-level covariates. Individual WSC mediated the associations between adverse work characteristics and psychological distress in almost all model specifications. Additionally, individual WSC moderated the associations of psychological distress with high job demands, high effort, and low interactional justice when we used a high WSC cutoff point. In contrast, individual WSC did not moderate such interactions with low job control, reward, or procedural justice. We concluded that individual WSC mediated the associations between adverse work characteristics and psychological distress among Japanese workers while selectively moderating their associations at high levels of WSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi OSHIO
- Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University,
Japan
| | - Akiomi INOUE
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial
Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Akizumi TSUTSUMI
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of
Medicine, Japan
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Takahashi M, Tsutsumi A, Kurioka S, Inoue A, Shimazu A, Kosugi Y, Kawakami N. Occupational and socioeconomic differences in actigraphically measured sleep. J Sleep Res 2014; 23:458-62. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Takahashi
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health; Kawasaki Japan
| | - Akizumi Tsutsumi
- Department of Public Health; Kitasato University School of Medicine; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Sumiko Kurioka
- Department of Health Policy and Management; University of Occupational and Environmental Health; Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Akiomi Inoue
- Department of Mental Health; Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences; University of Occupational and Environmental Health; Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Akihito Shimazu
- Department of Mental Health; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuki Kosugi
- Kosugi Health Management Office; Toyama Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Kobayashi T, Suzuki E, Oksanen T, Kawachi I, Takao S. The bright side and dark side of workplace social capital: opposing effects of gender on overweight among Japanese employees. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88084. [PMID: 24498248 PMCID: PMC3909277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing number of studies have sought to examine the health associations of workplace social capital; however, evidence of associations with overweight is sparse. We examined the association between individual perceptions of workplace social capital and overweight among Japanese male and female employees. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted a cross-sectional survey among full-time employees at a company in Osaka prefecture in February 2012. We used an 8-item measure to assess overall and sub-dimensions of workplace social capital, divided into tertiles. Of 1050 employees, 849 responded, and 750 (624 men and 126 women) could be linked to annual health check-up data in the analysis. Binomial logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for overweight (body mass index: ≥25 kg/m2, calculated from measured weight and height) separately for men and women. The prevalence of overweight was 24.5% among men and 14.3% among women. Among men, low levels of bonding and linking social capital in the workplace were associated with a nearly 2-fold risk of overweight compared to high corresponding dimensions of social capital when adjusted for age, sleep hours, physiological distress, and lifestyle. In contrast, among women we found lower overall and linking social capital to be associated with lower odds for overweight even after covariate adjustment. Subsequently, we used multinomial logistic regression analyses to assess the relationships between a 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease in mean social capital and odds of underweight/overweight relative to normal weight. Among men, a 1-SD decrease in overall, bonding, and linking social capital was significantly associated with higher odds of overweight, but not with underweight. Among women, no significant associations were found for either overweight or underweight. Conclusions/Significance We found opposite gender relationships between perceived low linking workplace social capital and overweight among Japanese employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kobayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Etsuji Suzuki
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Centre of Expertise for Development of Work and Organizations, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Soshi Takao
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Gao J, Nehl EJ, Fu H, Jia Y, Liu X, Zheng P. Workplace social capital and smoking among Chinese male employees: a multi-level, cross-sectional study. Prev Med 2013; 57:831-6. [PMID: 24075818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study sought to investigate the associations between workplace social capital and smoking status among Chinese male employees. METHODS A cross sectional study with a two-stage stratified sampling procedure was conducted in Shanghai in 2012. In total, 1603 male workers from 35 workplaces were involved. Workplace social capital was assessed using a validated and psychometrically tested eight-item measure. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore whether individual-level social capital and aggregated workplace-level social capital were associated with smoking. RESULTS Overall, 54.2% of the subjects smoked currently. After controlling for individual covariates (age, education level, marital status, occupational status and job stress), compared to workers in the highest quartile of individual-level social capital, the prevalence ratios of smoking for workers in the third quartile, second quartile and lowest quartile were 1.26 (95% CI: 1.11-1.38), 1.35 (95% CI: 1.19-1.50) and 1.39 (95% CI: 1.24-1.51) respectively. However, there was no relationship between workplace-level social capital and smoking status. CONCLUSIONS Higher individual-level social capital was associated with a lower likelihood of smoking among Chinese male employees. By contrast, no clear association was found between workplace-level social capital and smoking. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to examine the possible link between workplace social capital and smoking cessation in Chinese workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Primack BA, Colditz JB, Cohen E, Switzer GE, Robinson GFWB, Seltzer DL, Rubio DM, Kapoor WN. Measurement of social capital among clinical research trainees. Clin Transl Sci 2013; 7:33-7. [PMID: 24118964 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While physical and human capital are established as important predictors of success among early-career clinical investigators, less is known about the role of social capital. The authors aimed to develop a brief scale to assess social capital in this population and test its reliability and validity. A three-item assessment was developed based on a conceptual framework and measures of social capital from other fields and was administered to 414 clinical research trainees at the University of Pittsburgh in 2007-2012. The measure exhibited good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.71) and a normal distribution. On a 10-point scale, mean social capital was 6.4 (SD = 1.7). Social capital was significantly associated with 7 of the 9 expected constructs: sex, age, confidence in research skills, work-related motivation, burnout, and social support. Exploratory multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that social capital was most strongly associated with higher research confidence (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), higher extrinsic motivation (β = 0.50, p = 0.003), and lower burnout (ptrend = 0.02). This three-item scale measures social capital in this population with adequate internal consistency reliability, face validity, and construct validity. This brief assessment provides a tool that may be valuable to benchmark social capital of clinical research trainees and to better contextualize programmatic and trainee outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Primack
- Department of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Clinical and Translational Science, Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Oksanen T, Kawachi I, Kouvonen A, Takao S, Suzuki E, Virtanen M, Pentti J, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J. Workplace determinants of social capital: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a Finnish cohort study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65846. [PMID: 23776555 PMCID: PMC3679109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine which contextual features of the workplace are associated with social capital. METHODS This is a cohort study of 43,167 employees in 3090 Finnish public sector workplaces who responded to a survey of individual workplace social capital in 2000-02 (response rate 68%). We used ecometrics approach to estimate social capital of work units. Features of the workplace were work unit's demographic and employment patterns and size, obtained from employers' administrative records. We used multilevel-multinomial logistic regression models to examine cross-sectionally whether these features were associated with social capital between individuals and work units. Fixed effects models were used for longitudinal analyses in a subsample of 12,108 individuals to examine the effects of changes in workplace characteristics on changes in social capital between 2000 and 2004. RESULTS After adjustment for individual characteristics, an increase in work unit size reduced the odds of high levels of individual workplace social capital (odds ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.91-0.98 per 30-person-year increase). A 20% increase in the proportion of manual and male employees reduced the odds of high levels of social capital by 8% and 23%, respectively. A 30% increase in temporary employees and a 20% increase in employee turnover were associated with 11% (95% confidence interval 1.04-1.17) and 24% (95% confidence interval 1.18-1.30) higher odds of having high levels of social capital respectively). Results from fixed effects models within individuals, adjusted for time-varying covariates, and from social capital of the work units yielded consistent results. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that workplace social capital is contextually patterned. Workplace demographic and employment patterns as well as the size of the work unit are important in understanding variations in workplace social capital between individuals and workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku and Helsinki, Finland.
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Fujino Y, Kubo T, Kunimoto M, Tabata H, Tsuchiya T, Kadowaki K, Nakamura T, Oyama I. A cross-sectional study of workplace social capital and blood pressure: a multilevel analysis at Japanese manufacturing companies. BMJ Open 2013; 3:bmjopen-2012-002215. [PMID: 23386581 PMCID: PMC3586077 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the contextual effect of workplace social capital on systolic blood pressure (SBP). DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING A conglomerate from 58 workplaces in Japan. PARTICIPANTS Of the 5844 workers at a Japanese conglomerate from 58 workplaces, 5368 were recruited. Individuals who received drugs for hypertension (n=531) and who lacked information on any variable (n=167) were excluded from the analyses, leaving 4735 individuals (3281 men and 1454 women) for inclusion. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Systolic blood pressure. RESULTS The contextual effect of workplace social capital on SBP was examined using a multilevel regression analysis with a random intercept. Coworker support had a contextual effect at the workplace level (coefficient=-1.97, p=0.043), while a lack of trust for coworkers (coefficient=0.27, p=0.039) and lack of helpfulness from coworkers were associated with SBP (coefficient=0.28, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that social capital at the workplace level has beneficial effects on SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masamizu Kunimoto
- Department of Health Care Center, Asahi Kasei Corporation Nobeoka Office, Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tabata
- Department of Health Care Center, Asahi Kasei Corporation Nobeoka Office, Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Takuto Tsuchiya
- Department of Health Care Center, Asahi Kasei Corporation Nobeoka Office, Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Koji Kadowaki
- Department of Health Care Center, Asahi Kasei Corporation Nobeoka Office, Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Nakamura
- Department of Health Care Center, Asahi Kasei Chemicals Mizushima Works, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oyama
- Corporate Environmental Safety Health and Quality Assurance, Asahi Kasei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between workplace factors and the development of hypertension remains uncertain. We examined the risk of hypertension as a function of workplace social capital, that is, social cohesion, trust and reciprocity in the workplace. METHODS A total of 11 777 male and 49 145 female employees free of chronic hypertension at baseline in 2000-2004 were followed up for incident hypertension until the end of 2005 (the Finnish Public Sector Study). We used survey responses from the participants and their coworkers in the same work unit to assess workplace social capital at baseline. Follow-up for incident hypertension was based on record linkage to national health registers (mean follow-up 3.5 years, 1424 incident hypertension cases). RESULTS Male employees in work units characterized by low workplace social capital were 40-60% more likely to develop chronic hypertension compared to men in work units with high social capital [age-adjusted hazard ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-2.14 for self-assessed social capital and 1.41, 95% CI 1.01-1.97 for coworkers' assessment]. According to path analysis adjusted for covariates, the association between low self-reported social capital and hypertension was partially mediated by obesity (P for pathway = 0.02) and alcohol consumption (P = 0.03). For coworker-assessed social capital, the corresponding mediation pathways did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.055 and 0.22, respectively). No association between workplace social capital and hypertension was found for women. CONCLUSION These data suggest that low self-reported workplace social capital is associated with increased near-term risk of hypertension in men in part due to unhealthy lifestyle.
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Influence of individual and social contextual factors on changes in leisure-time physical activity in working-class populations: results of the Healthy Directions-Small Businesses Study. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:1475-87. [PMID: 22806257 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of the Harvard Cancer Prevention Program Project, we sought to address disparities reflected in social class and race/ethnicity by developing and testing a behavioral intervention model that targeted fruit and vegetable consumption, red meat consumption, multivitamin intake, and physical activity in working-class, multiethnic populations. METHODS This paper examined the associations between change in leisure-time physical activity and individual and social contextual factors in participants employed in small businesses (n = 850) at both baseline and at 18-month final. RESULTS In bivariate analyses, age, language acculturation, social ties, and workplace social capital were significantly associated with physical activity at final. In multivariable analyses, being younger and having high language acculturation were significantly associated with greater leisure-time physical activity at final; high workplace social capital was significantly associated with a decline in physical activity at final. CONCLUSION These findings have implications for understanding factors that are integral to promoting change in physical activity among working-class, multiethnic populations.
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Murayama H, Fujiwara Y, Kawachi I. Social capital and health: a review of prospective multilevel studies. J Epidemiol 2012; 22:179-87. [PMID: 22447212 PMCID: PMC3798618 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20110128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article presents an overview of the concept of social capital, reviews prospective multilevel analytic studies of the association between social capital and health, and discusses intervention strategies that enhance social capital. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of published peer-reviewed literature on the PubMed database and categorized studies according to health outcome. RESULTS We identified 13 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria for the review. In general, both individual social capital and area/workplace social capital had positive effects on health outcomes, regardless of study design, setting, follow-up period, or type of health outcome. Prospective studies that used a multilevel approach were mainly conducted in Western countries. Although we identified some cross-sectional multilevel studies that were conducted in Asian countries, including Japan, no prospective studies have been conducted in Asia. CONCLUSIONS Prospective evidence from multilevel analytic studies of the effect of social capital on health is very limited at present. If epidemiologic findings on the association between social capital and health are to be put to practical use, we must gather additional evidence and explore the feasibility of interventions that build social capital as a means of promoting health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Murayama
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
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