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Perry AE, Moe-Byrne T, Knowles S, Schofield J, Changsiripun C, Churchill R, Williamson K, Marshall D, Parrott S. Utilising survey data and qualitative information to inform a logic model to support older people in custody with common mental and physical health problems: Addressing the physical and mental health needs of older prisoners (the PAMHOP study). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2024; 95:102002. [PMID: 38968686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
A growing number of older people remain in custody each year resulting in an increasing number of common mental and physical health concerns. No prior evidenced-based targeted psychological interventions support this group of people, and little is known about their needs, current activities, and health-related problems. We addressed these gaps through a project involving older prisoners, prison staff and a project advisory group in one male and one female prison site in the North of England. Systematic review evidence supports the development of an implementation tool kit addressing strategies to develop and deliver interventions that are sustainable, acceptable, and feasible in the prison environment. Prison strategies need to specifically address the needs of older people in custody. Relatively inexpensive activities, with some thought to delivery and flexibility have the potential to benefit common mental and physical health, increasing quality of life, reducing high economic and social cost, mortality, and reoffending in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Perry
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | | | - Sarah Knowles
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - John Schofield
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO1 7EP, UK
| | - Chidsanu Changsiripun
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rachel Churchill
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Kevin Williamson
- Rotherham Doncaster and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster DN4 8QN, UK
| | - David Marshall
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Steve Parrott
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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2
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Parkkila MLD, Prost SG, Tripodi SJ. Compassionate Release: A Call to Social Workers. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2024. [PMID: 38860340 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.24.01.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
An increase in the number of older people incarcerated in prisons has given rise to increased costs of correctional health care. Despite the many benefits of compassionate release, it is rarely used. Citing barriers at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels, we contend that social workers are uniquely suited to increase the number of people released through this mechanism owing to a unique knowledge and skill set. We offer eight specific strategies for how social workers can increase the use of compassionate release by working with individuals, conducting and disseminating research, and engaging in advocacy as shaped by core professional principles and values and related curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen J Tripodi
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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3
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Iwai Y, Li J, Isaacs TJ, Ma SJ, Elmore SNC, Kamran SC, Oladeru OT. National Survey of Oncologists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Behaviors: Caring for Cancer Patients Experiencing Incarceration. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2024; 30:97-106. [PMID: 38466954 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.23.08.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of illness-related death in state prisons in the United States. The experiences of physicians providing oncological care to individuals experiencing incarceration are underexplored. The study aims were to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices of oncologists caring for cancer patients who are incarcerated. An online survey was distributed to a random sample of 150 oncologists from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society for Radiation Oncology from July 2020 to December 2021. Statistical analyses included two proportion Z-test, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Cramer's V to estimate factors associated with attitudes and barriers to care. Of the 55 respondents (36.7% response rate), 21 were medical oncologists and 34 were radiation oncologists. Academic center oncologists were more likely to report caring for incarcerated patients than community or private practice oncologists (p = .04). Most (53%) incorrectly reported "heart disease" as the leading cause of death, as opposed to "cancer" (15% identified correctly). Oncologists practicing at both academic and community centers were more likely to report care coordination barriers than oncologists at academic or community centers (p < .01). We identified potential barriers in caring for incarcerated cancer patients. Future studies should explore ways to improve care coordination between oncology teams and prisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Iwai
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jian Li
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Tamia J Isaacs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sung Jun Ma
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shekinah N C Elmore
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sophia C Kamran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Perry AE, Marshall D, Moe-Byrne T, Knowles S, Churchill R, Harden M, Parrott S, Schofield J, Williamson K, Ashton L. Effects of interventions on depression and anxiety in older people with physical health problems in the criminal justice system: a systematic review. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e431-e440. [PMID: 37543048 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for health care in older people involved in the criminal justice system is high. The prevalence of mental and physical health conditions for people living in prison is greater than in community populations. After systematically searching 21 databases, we found no targeted interventions to support depression or anxiety for this group of people. 24 studies (including interventions of yoga, creative-arts-based programmes, positive psychology, or mindfulness-based interventions and psychotherapy) did contain people older than 50 years, but this only represented a minority (10%) of the overall study population. No single study reported outcomes of physical health. Future interventions need to consider the needs and views of this vulnerable group. Specific gendered and coproduced interventions are required to enhance the implementation, feasibility, and acceptability of interventions that are delivered in prisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Perry
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
| | - David Marshall
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Sarah Knowles
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Rachel Churchill
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Melissa Harden
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Steve Parrott
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Kevin Williamson
- Rotherham Doncaster and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster, UK
| | - Lisa Ashton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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5
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Kwan A, Garcia-Grossman I, Sears D, Bertozzi SM, Williams BA. The Impact Of COVID-19 On The Health Of Incarcerated Older Adults In California State Prisons. HEALTH AFFAIRS (PROJECT HOPE) 2022; 41:1191-1201. [PMID: 35914202 PMCID: PMC10165538 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The number of older adults (age fifty-five or older) incarcerated in US prisons reached an all-time high just as COVID-19 entered correctional facilities in 2020. However, little is known about COVID-19's impact on incarcerated older adults. We compared COVID-19 outcomes between older and younger adults in California state prisons from March 1, 2020, to October 9, 2021. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) revealed an increasing risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes among older age groups (ages 55-64, 65-74, and 75 or older) compared with younger adults, including for documented infection (aOR, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.4, respectively) and hospitalization with COVID-19 (aOR, 4.6, 8.7, and 15.1, respectively). Moreover, although accounting for 17.3 percent of the California state prison population, older adults represented 85.8 percent of this population's COVID-19-related deaths. Yet a smaller percentage of older adults than younger adults were released from prison during the pandemic. The differential rates of morbidity and mortality experienced by incarcerated older adults should be considered in future pandemic response strategies regarding prisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Kwan
- Ada Kwan , University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - David Sears
- David Sears, University of California San Francisco
| | - Stefano M Bertozzi
- Stefano M. Bertozzi, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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Kanbergs A, Garcia-Grossman I, Ahalt C, DiTomas M, Bedard R, Williams B. A stepwise guide for healthcare professionals requesting compassionate release for patients who are incarcerated. Int J Prison Health 2022; ahead-of-print:10.1108/IJPH-09-2021-0095. [PMID: 35820056 PMCID: PMC10141511 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-09-2021-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Compassionate release is a process that allows for the early release or parole of some incarcerated people of advanced age, with life-limiting illness, complex medical care needs or significant functional decline. Despite the expansion of State and Federal compassionate release programs, this mechanism for release remains underutilized. Health-care professionals are central to the process of recommending compassionate release, but few resources exist to support these efforts. The purpose of this paper is to provide a guide for health-care professionals requesting compassionate release for patients who are incarcerated. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This study is stepwise guide for health-care professionals requesting compassionate release for patients who are incarcerated. FINDINGS This study describes the role of the health-care professional in requesting compassionate release and offers guidance to help them navigate the process of preparing a medical declaration or request for compassionate release. ORIGINALITY/VALUE No prior publications have created a step-wise guide of this nature to aid health-care professionals through the compassionate release process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Kanbergs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ilana Garcia-Grossman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cyrus Ahalt
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michele DiTomas
- California Correctional Healthcare Services, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | - Rachael Bedard
- Division of Correctional Health Services, NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brie Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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7
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Kaushik S, Currin-McCulloch J. Dying for a change: a systematic review of compassionate release policies. Int J Prison Health 2022; ahead-of-print:10.1108/IJPH-11-2021-0110. [PMID: 35751659 PMCID: PMC10141513 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-11-2021-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to systematically review literature to investigate trends in compassionate release policies, facility implementation, barriers at both the incarcerated individual and institutional levels, as well as gaps in the literature. The absence of uniform and appropriate policies to address suitable interventions at the end-of-life has aggravated the challenges and issues facing health-care systems within a correctional facility. A response to address and alleviate these barriers is policies related to compassionate release, a complex route that grants eligible inmates the opportunity to die in their community. Despite the existence of compassionate release policies, only 4% of requests to the Federal Bureau of Prisons are granted, with evidence demonstrating similarly low rates among numerous state prison systems, signifying the underuse of these procedures as a vital approach to decarceration. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH A systematic review was completed using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International Abstracts, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Education Resources Information Center, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Social Services Abstracts and Social Work Abstracts were searched from inception to March 2021. Inclusion criteria included: the compassionate release policy (or related policy) is implemented in the USA; reported qualitative and/or quantitative outcomes; and reported original data. FINDINGS Twenty studies formed the final data set. Data analysis revealed four main themes: language barriers, complexities of eligibility criteria, over-reliance on prognostication and social stigma. Barriers to inmates' access to compassionate release policies include unclear or technical language used in policy documents. Eligibility criteria appear to vary across the country, including disease prognoses and the ability to predict terminal declines in health, creating confusion amongst inmates, lawyers and review boards. Stigmas surrounding the rights of incarcerated individuals frequently influence policymakers who experience pressure to maintain a punitive stance to appease constituents, thus discouraging policies and interventions that promote the release of incarcerated individuals. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Further research is vital to strengthen the understanding of compassionate release policies and related barriers associated with accessing various types of early parole. To promote social justice for this marginalized population, end-of-life interventions in corrections need to be consistently evaluated with outcomes that improve care for dying inmates. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Within correctional facilities, correctional health-care workers should play an integral role in influencing prison and medical staff attitudes toward dying inmates by providing an understanding of how to effectively support this vulnerable population. Social workers should participate in research that focuses on effective guidelines for correctional facilities to provide compassionate end-of-life care for inmates. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS Racial disparities in the US criminal justice system are prevalent and well documented, as individuals of color are arrested far out of proportion to their share of all individuals in the USA. This particular population is thus challenged with poor access to and quality of health care in corrections. Correctional health-care workers can play an integral role in influencing policymakers, as well as prison and medical staff attitudes toward dying inmates by providing an understanding of how to effectively support this vulnerable population. ORIGINALITY/VALUE Currently, there are no published research articles that provide a systematic review of compassionate release policies in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kaushik
- School of Social Work, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Abstract
As the proportion of older adults in the nation's prisons grows, policy makers struggle to meet their health and social needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Bor
- Jonathan S. Bor is a senior editor and correspondent at Health Affairs, in Washington, D.C
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Prost SG, Novisky MA, Rorvig L, Zaller N, Williams B. Prisons and COVID-19: A Desperate Call for Gerontological Expertise in Correctional Health Care. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 61:3-7. [PMID: 32706885 PMCID: PMC7454571 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The large and continued growth of the older adult population within U.S. prisons affects not only criminal justice policy and correctional health practice, but also gerontology. Amidst the unfolding COVID-19 crisis, associated knowledge and skills surrounding older adulthood will be critical to assuring the needs of older adults incarcerated in prisons are met during their detention, while undergoing off-site intervention in community settings, and when preparing for release. We outline several key areas for which gerontologists and associated practitioners are especially well suited in the effort to curtail morbidity and mortality driven by the disease caused by the novel coronavirus. Critical gerontological knowledge and skills needed in prison health care include awareness regarding the unusual clinical presentations of COVID-19 among older adults, deconditioning among older adults due to immobility, challenges in prognostication, and advance care planning with older adults. Specific, targeted opportunities for gerontologists are identified to reduce growing risks for older adults incarcerated in prisons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan A Novisky
- Department of Criminology Anthropology & Sociology, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Cleveland State University, Ohio
| | - Leah Rorvig
- Division of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco
| | - Nick Zaller
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Brie Williams
- Division of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco
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Golembeski CA, Sufrin CB, Williams B, Bedell PS, Glied SA, Binswanger IA, Hylton D, Winkelman TNA, Meyer JP. Improving Health Equity for Women Involved in the Criminal Legal System. Womens Health Issues 2020; 30:313-319. [PMID: 32739132 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Golembeski
- Rutgers University School of Law and School of Public Affairs and Administration, Newark, New Jersey.
| | - Carolyn B Sufrin
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brie Williams
- University of California San Francisco, Division of Geriatrics and Amend at UCSF, Francisco, California
| | - Precious S Bedell
- University of Rochester College of Arts, Sciences, and Engineering, Turning Points Resource Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Sherry A Glied
- New York University Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York, New York
| | - Ingrid A Binswanger
- Kaiser Permanente Institute for Health Research and Chemical Dependency Treatment Services, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Tyler N A Winkelman
- General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare; Health, Homelessness, and Criminal Justice Lab, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jaimie P Meyer
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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