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Nilawar S, Yadav P, Jain N, Saini DK, Chatterjee K. Protective Role of Nanoceria-Infused Nanofibrous Scaffold toward Bone Tissue Regeneration with Senescent Cells. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4074-4086. [PMID: 38838242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The presence of oxidative stress in bone defects leads to delayed regeneration, especially in the aged population and patients receiving cancer treatment. This delay is attributed to the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these populations due to the accumulation of senescent cells. Tissue-engineered scaffolds are emerging as an alternative method to treat bone defects. In this study, we engineered tissue scaffolds tailored to modulate the adverse effects of oxidative stress and promote bone regeneration. We used polycaprolactone to fabricate nanofibrous mats by using electrospinning. We exploited the ROS-scavenging properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles to alleviate the high oxidative stress microenvironment caused by the presence of senescent cells. We characterized the nanofibers for their physical and mechanical properties and utilized an ionization-radiation-based model to induce senescence in bone cells. We demonstrate that the presence of ceria can modulate ROS levels, thereby reducing the level of senescence and promoting osteogenesis. Overall, this study demonstrates that ceria-infused nanofibrous scaffolds can be used for augmenting the osteogenic activity of senescent progenitor cells, which has important implications for engineering bone tissue scaffolds for patients with low regeneration capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Nilawar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Parul Yadav
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nipun Jain
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
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Zorrón M, Cabrera AL, Sharma R, Radhakrishnan J, Abbaszadeh S, Shahbazi MA, Tafreshi OA, Karamikamkar S, Maleki H. Emerging 2D Nanomaterials-Integrated Hydrogels: Advancements in Designing Theragenerative Materials for Bone Regeneration and Disease Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403204. [PMID: 38874422 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advancements in the synthesis, processing, properties, and applications of 2D-material integrated hydrogels, with a focus on their performance in bone-related applications. Various synthesis methods and types of 2D nanomaterials, including graphene, graphene oxide, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and MXene are discussed, along with strategies for their incorporation into hydrogel matrices. These composite hydrogels exhibit tunable mechanical properties, high surface area, strong near-infrared (NIR) photon absorption and controlled release capabilities, making them suitable for a range of regeneration and therapeutic applications. In cancer therapy, 2D-material-based hydrogels show promise for photothermal and photodynamic therapies, and drug delivery (chemotherapy). The photothermal properties of these materials enable selective tumor ablation upon NIR irradiation, while their high drug-loading capacity facilitates targeted and controlled release of chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, 2D-materials -infused hydrogels exhibit potent antibacterial activity, making them effective against multidrug-resistant infections and disruption of biofilm generated on implant surface. Moreover, their synergistic therapy approach combines multiple treatment modalities such as photothermal, chemo, and immunotherapy to enhance therapeutic outcomes. In bio-imaging, these materials serve as versatile contrast agents and imaging probes, enabling their real-time monitoring during tumor imaging. Furthermore, in bone regeneration, most 2D-materials incorporated hydrogels promote osteogenesis and tissue regeneration, offering potential solutions for bone defects repair. Overall, the integration of 2D materials into hydrogels presents a promising platform for developing multifunctional theragenerative biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Zorrón
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agustín López Cabrera
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Riya Sharma
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janani Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500 049, India
| | - Samin Abbaszadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 571478334, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AV, 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Omid Aghababaei Tafreshi
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
- Smart Polymers & Composites Lab, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Solmaz Karamikamkar
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 11570 W Olympic Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Hajar Maleki
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC Research Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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Su D, Swearson S, Eliason S, Rice K, Amendt B. RNA Technology to Regenerate and Repair Alveolar Bone Defects. J Dent Res 2024; 103:622-630. [PMID: 38715225 PMCID: PMC11122091 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241242047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
microRNA-200a (miR-200a) targets multiple signaling pathways that are involved in osteogenic differentiation and bone development. However, its therapeutic function in osteogenesis and bone regeneration remains unknown. In this study, we use in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the molecular function of miR-200a overexpression and miR-200a inhibition using a plasmid-based miR inhibitor system (PMIS) on osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Inhibition of miR-200a using PMIS-miR-200a significantly increased osteogenic biomarkers of human embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells and promoted bone regeneration in rat tooth socket defects. In rat maxillary M1 molar extractions, the supporting tooth structures were removed with an implant drill to yield a 3-mm defect in the alveolar bone. A collagen sponge was inserted into the open alveolar defect and PMIS-miR-200a plasmid DNA was added to the sponge and the wound sutured to protect the sponge and close the defect. It was important to remove the existing tooth supporting structure, which can influence alveolar bone regeneration. The alveolar bone was regenerated in 4 wk. The collagen sponge acts to stabilize and deliver the PMIS-miR-200a DNA to cells entering the sponge in the bone defect. We show that mesenchymal stem cells expressing CD90 and Stro-1 enter the sponges, take up the DNA, and express PMIS-miR-200a. PMIS-miR-200a initiates a bone regeneration program in transformed cells in vivo. In vitro inhibition of miR-200a was found to upregulate Wnt and BMP signaling activity as well as Runx2, OCN, Lef-1, Msx2, and Dlx5 associated with osteogenesis. Liver and blood toxicity testing of PMIS-miR-200a-treated rats showed no increase in several biomarkers of liver disease. These results demonstrate the therapeutic function of PMIS-miR-200a for rapid bone regeneration. Furthermore, the studies were designed to demonstrate the ease of use of PMIS-miR-200a in solution and applied using a syringe in the clinic through a simple one-time application.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Su
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Anomalies Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - S. Swearson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Anomalies Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - S. Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Anomalies Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - K.G. Rice
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - B.A. Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Anomalies Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Percival KM, Paul V, Husseini GA. Recent Advancements in Bone Tissue Engineering: Integrating Smart Scaffold Technologies and Bio-Responsive Systems for Enhanced Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6012. [PMID: 38892199 PMCID: PMC11172494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In exploring the challenges of bone repair and regeneration, this review evaluates the potential of bone tissue engineering (BTE) as a viable alternative to traditional methods, such as autografts and allografts. Key developments in biomaterials and scaffold fabrication techniques, such as additive manufacturing and cell and bioactive molecule-laden scaffolds, are discussed, along with the integration of bio-responsive scaffolds, which can respond to physical and chemical stimuli. These advancements collectively aim to mimic the natural microenvironment of bone, thereby enhancing osteogenesis and facilitating the formation of new tissue. Through a comprehensive combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we scrutinize the biocompatibility, osteoinductivity, and osteoconductivity of these engineered scaffolds, as well as their interactions with critical cellular players in bone healing processes. Findings from scaffold fabrication techniques and bio-responsive scaffolds indicate that incorporating nanostructured materials and bioactive compounds is particularly effective in promoting the recruitment and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. The therapeutic potential of these advanced biomaterials in clinical settings is widely recognized and the paper advocates continued research into multi-responsive scaffold systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Percival
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates; (K.M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Vinod Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates; (K.M.P.); (V.P.)
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates; (K.M.P.); (V.P.)
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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Hosseini S, Parsaei H, Moosavifar M, Tavakoli N, Ahadi R, Roshanbinfar K. Static magnetic field enhances the bone remodelling capacity of human demineralized bone matrix in a rat animal model of cranial bone defects. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3774-3785. [PMID: 38535706 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02299d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The regeneration of bone defects that exceed 2 cm is a challenge for the human body, necessitating interventional therapies. Demineralized bone matrices (DBM) derived from biological tissues have been employed for bone regeneration and possess notable osteoinductive and osteoconductive characteristics. Nevertheless, their efficiency in regenerating critically sized injuries is limited, and therefore additional signaling cues are required. Thanks to the piezoelectric properties of the bone, external physical stimulation is shown to accelerate tissue healing. We have implanted human DBM in critically sized cranial bone defects in rat animal models and exposed them to an external magnetic field (1 T) to enhance endogenous bone formation. Our in vitro experiments showed the superior cytocompatibility of DBM compared to cell culture plates. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase activity after 14 days and Alizarin red staining at 28 days demonstrated differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into bone lineage on DBM. Computer tomography images together with histological analyses showed that implanting DBM in the injured rats significantly enhanced bone regeneration. Notably, combining DBM transplantation with a 2 h daily exposure to a 1 T magnetic field for 2 weeks (day 7 to 21 post-surgery) significantly improved bone regeneration compared to DBM transplantation alone. This research indicates that utilizing external magnetic stimulation significantly enhances the potential of bone allografts to regenerate critically sized bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeyedJamal Hosseini
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 159163-4311, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houman Parsaei
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, 3513138111, Semnan, Iran
| | - MirJavad Moosavifar
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 159163-4311, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
- Institut für experimentelle molekulare Bildgebung, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Narjes Tavakoli
- School of Industrial Design, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, 1415564583, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Roshanbinfar
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91058, Germany.
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Vaidya G, Pramanik S, Kadi A, Rayshan AR, Abualsoud BM, Ansari MJ, Masood R, Michaelson J. Injecting hope: chitosan hydrogels as bone regeneration innovators. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:756-797. [PMID: 38300215 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2304952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Spontaneous bone regeneration encounters substantial restrictions in cases of bone defects, demanding external intervention to improve the repair and regeneration procedure. The field of bone tissue engineering (BTE), which embraces a range of disciplines, offers compelling replacements for conventional strategies like autografts, allografts, and xenografts. Among the diverse scaffolding materials utilized in BTE applications, hydrogels have demonstrated great promise as templates for the regeneration of bone owing to their resemblance to the innate extracellular matrix. In spite of the advancement of several biomaterials, chitosan (CS), a natural biopolymer, has garnered significant attention in recent years as a beneficial graft material for producing injectable hydrogels. Injectable hydrogels based on CS formulations provide numerous advantages, including their capacity to absorb and preserve a significant amount of water, their minimally invasive character, the existence of porous structures, and their capability to adapt accurately to irregular defects. Moreover, combining CS with other naturally derived or synthetic polymers and bioactive materials has displayed its effectiveness as a feasible substitute for traditional grafts. We aim to spotlight the composition, production, and physicochemical characteristics and practical utilization of CS-based injectable hydrogels, explicitly focusing on their potential implementations in bone regeneration. We consider this review a fundamental resource and a source of inspiration for future research attempts to pioneer the next era of tissue-engineering scaffold materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Vaidya
- Department of Studies and Research in Food Technology, Davangere University, Davangere, India
| | - Sheersha Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Ammar Kadi
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Ahmed Raheem Rayshan
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Bassam M Abualsoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehana Masood
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jacob Michaelson
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
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Annaji M, Mita N, Poudel I, Boddu SHS, Fasina O, Babu RJ. Three-Dimensional Printing of Drug-Eluting Implantable PLGA Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:259. [PMID: 38534533 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite rapid progress in tissue engineering, the repair and regeneration of bone defects remains challenging, especially for non-homogenous and complicated defects. We have developed and characterized biodegradable drug-eluting scaffolds for bone regeneration utilizing direct powder extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques. The PLGA scaffolds were fabricated using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with inherent viscosities of 0.2 dl/g and 0.4 dl/g and ketoprofen. The effect of parameters such as the infill, geometry, and wall thickness of the drug carrier on the release kinetics of ketoprofen was studied. The release studies revealed that infill density significantly impacts the release performance, where 10% infill showed faster and almost complete release of the drug, whereas 50% infill demonstrated a sustained release. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model showed the best fit for release data irrespective of the PLGA molecular weight and infill density. It was demonstrated that printing parameters such as infill density, scaffold wall thickness, and geometry played an important role in controlling the release and, therefore, in designing customized drug-eluting scaffolds for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha Annaji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Nur Mita
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75119, Indonesia
| | - Ishwor Poudel
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Oladiran Fasina
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Xu H, Liao H, Liu X, Miller AL, Elder BD, Lu L. Spinal fusion of biodegradable poly(propylene fumarate) and poly(propylene fumarate-co-caprolactone) copolymers in rabbits. J Orthop 2024; 48:52-59. [PMID: 38077473 PMCID: PMC10700862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Autologous bone grafts are currently the standard in orthopedic surgery despite limited donor sources and the prevalence of donor site morbidity. Other alternatives such as allografts are more readily available than autografts but have lower rates of graft incorporation. Methods Here, we propose a novel graft alternative consisting of an injectable poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) and poly(propylene fumarate-co-caprolactone) P(PF-co-CL) copolymer with a recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)/vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) release system accompanied by hydroxyapatite (HA). The efficacy of scaffold formulations was studied using a standard, bilateral, L-level (L5-L6) posterolateral transverse spinal fusion using New Zealand white rabbits. Rabbits were divided into 4 experimental groups: group I, negative control; group II, autograft (positive control); group III, injectable PPF scaffold with rhBMP-2/VEGF release system and HA; group IV, injectable P(PF-co-CL)scaffold with rhBMP-2/VEGF release system and HA. Spines were harvested at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after surgery, and spinal fusions were assessed using manual palpation, radiographic analysis, micro-computed tomography (μCT) assessment, and histologic analysis. Results Of the 4 experimental groups, the injectable P(PF-co-CL) scaffold displayed superior initial strength and faster degradation than scaffolds constructed from PPF alone and facilitated the fusion of lateral processes in the rabbit standard posterolateral spinal fusion model. The results obtained from manual palpation, radiology, and μCT showed no difference between the P(PF-co-CL) group and the PPF group. However, histologic sections showed more osteogenesis with the new injectable P(PF-co-CL) scaffold. Conclusion Injectable P(PF-co-CL) polymers showed promising spine fusion abilities in rabbits after 12 weeks of posterolateral implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - A. Lee Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Elder
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lichun Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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Khayatan D, Bagherzadeh Oskouei A, Alam M, Mohammadikhah M, Badkoobeh A, Golkar M, Abbasi K, Karami S, Sayyad Soufdoost R, Kamali Hakim L, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H, Heboyan A. Cross Talk Between Cells and the Current Bioceramics in Bone Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241236030. [PMID: 38494898 PMCID: PMC10946075 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241236030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The conventional approach for addressing bone defects and stubborn non-unions typically involves the use of autogenous bone grafts. Nevertheless, obtaining these grafts can be challenging, and the procedure can lead to significant morbidity. Three primary treatment strategies for managing bone defects and non-unions prove resistant to conventional treatments: synthetic bone graft substitutes (BGS), a combination of BGS with bioactive molecules, and the use of BGS in conjunction with stem cells. In the realm of synthetic BGS, a multitude of biomaterials have emerged for creating scaffolds in bone tissue engineering (TE). These materials encompass biometals like titanium, iron, magnesium, and zinc, as well as bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Bone TE scaffolds serve as temporary implants, fostering tissue ingrowth and the regeneration of new bone. They are meticulously designed to enhance bone healing by optimizing geometric, mechanical, and biological properties. These scaffolds undergo continual remodeling facilitated by bone cells like osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Through various signaling pathways, stem cells and bone cells work together to regulate bone regeneration when a portion of bone is damaged or deformed. By targeting signaling pathways, bone TE can improve bone defects through effective therapies. This review provided insights into the interplay between cells and the current state of bioceramics in the context of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Khayatan
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Bagherzadeh Oskouei
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Mohammadikhah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ashkan Badkoobeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohsen Golkar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Abbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Science and Research, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Zhu T, Zhou H, Chen X, Zhu Y. Recent advances of responsive scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1296881. [PMID: 38047283 PMCID: PMC10691504 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1296881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of bone defect repair has been a significant focus in clinical research. The gradual progress and utilization of different scaffolds for bone repair have been facilitated by advancements in material science and tissue engineering. In recent times, the attainment of precise regulation and targeted drug release has emerged as a crucial concern in bone tissue engineering. As a result, we present a comprehensive review of recent developments in responsive scaffolds pertaining to the field of bone defect repair. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary and forecast of prospects, thereby contributing novel insights to the field of bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuanjing Zhu
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Wang Y, Chen S, Liang H, Bai J, Wang M. Design and fabrication of biomimicking radially graded scaffolds via digital light processing 3D printing for bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9961-9974. [PMID: 37818766 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01573d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds are an essential component in bone tissue engineering (BTE). However, most of the current BTE scaffolds are homogeneous structures and do not resemble the graded architectures of native bone. In the current study, four types of biomimicking scaffold designs based on gyroid (G) and primitive (P) units with radially graded pore sizes were devised, and scaffolds of these designs with two porosity groups (65 vol% and 75 vol%) were fabricated via digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing using biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). Scaffolds of the gyroid-gyroid (G-G) design displayed better dimensional accuracy, compressive property, and cell proliferation rate than gyroid-primitive (G-P), primitive-gyroid (P-G), and primitive-primitive (P-P) scaffolds. Subsequently, graded G-G scaffolds with different porosities were fabricated and the relationship between compressive strength and porosity was determined. Furthermore, the sintered BCP bioceramics fabricated via current manufacturing process exhibited excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity, indicating their high potential for BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | - Shangsi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | - Haowen Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jiaming Bai
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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12
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Wang W, Liu P, Zhang B, Gui X, Pei X, Song P, Yu X, Zhang Z, Zhou C. Fused Deposition Modeling Printed PLA/Nano β-TCP Composite Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Promoting Osteogenic Induction Function. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5815-5830. [PMID: 37869064 PMCID: PMC10590137 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s416098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Large bone defects caused by congenital defects, infections, degenerative diseases, trauma, and tumors often require personalized shapes and rapid reconstruction of the bone tissue. Three-dimensional (3D)-printed bone tissue engineering scaffolds exhibit promising application potential. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology can flexibly select and prepare printed biomaterials and design and fabricate bionic microstructures to promote personalized large bone defect repair. FDM-3D printing technology was used to prepare polylactic acid (PLA)/nano β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) composite bone tissue engineering scaffolds in this study. The ability of the bone-tissue-engineered scaffold to repair bone defects was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Methods PLA/nano-TCP composite bone tissue engineering scaffolds were prepared using FDM-3D printing technology. The characterization data of the scaffolds were obtained using relevant detection methods. The physical and chemical properties, biocompatibility, and in vitro osteogenic capacity of the scaffolds were investigated, and their bone repair capacity was evaluated using an in vivo animal model of rabbit femur bone defects. Results The FDM-printed PLA/nano β-TCP composite scaffolds exhibited good personalized porosity and shape, and their osteogenic ability, biocompatibility, and bone repair ability in vivo were superior to those of pure PLA. The merits of biodegradable PLA and bioactive nano β-TCP ceramics were combined to improve the overall biological performance of the composites. Conclusion The FDM-printed PLA/nano-β-TCP composite scaffold with a ratio of 7:3 exhibited good personalized porosity and shape, as well as good osteogenic ability, biocompatibility, and bone repair ability. This study provides a promising strategy for treating large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boqing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Gui
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Huang Z, Wang C, Chen X, Ding S, Xiang Q, Xie M, Huang Y, Li H. Regulation of recombinant humanized collagen on HAP growth and its molecule simulation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26031-26040. [PMID: 37664193 PMCID: PMC10472339 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) in natural bone is formed under the regulation of natural collagen I. Here, we report how recombinant humanized collagen I (rhCol I) regulates the growth of HAP nanocrystals in a long belt shape 100-150 nm in width and 200-300 nm in length. MD simulation results showed that the interactions between rhCol I and the (001), (100), and (211) planes of HAP mainly contributed to the electrostatic force and van der Waals forces via COO⋯Ca, -NH⋯Ca, CH⋯OPO3, and NH⋯OPO3 bonds, respectively. On the (001) plane, the interaction between -COO- and Ca was stronger than on the (100) and (211) planes, resulting in a large electrostatic force, which inhibited the growth of the (001) plane. The lowest energy of adsorption to the (211) plane resulted in the preferential growth of the (211) plane due to the weakest interaction with rhCol I. The detailed correlation between HAP and rhCol I could explain HAP growth under regulation by rhCol I. This study provides a reference for the bio-application of recombinant collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Chucheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Shan Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Mo Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510632 China
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14
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Boretti G, Giordano E, Ionita M, Vlasceanu GM, Sigurjónsson ÓE, Gargiulo P, Lovecchio J. Human Bone-Marrow-Derived Stem-Cell-Seeded 3D Chitosan-Gelatin-Genipin Scaffolds Show Enhanced Extracellular Matrix Mineralization When Cultured under a Perfusion Flow in Osteogenic Medium. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5898. [PMID: 37687590 PMCID: PMC10488422 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered bone tissue grafts are a promising alternative to the more conventional use of natural donor bone grafts. However, choosing an appropriate biomaterial/scaffold to sustain cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in a 3D environment remains one of the most critical issues in this domain. Recently, chitosan/gelatin/genipin (CGG) hybrid scaffolds have been proven as a more suitable environment to induce osteogenic commitment in undifferentiated cells when doped with graphene oxide (GO). Some concern is, however, raised towards the use of graphene and graphene-related material in medical applications. The purpose of this work was thus to check if the osteogenic potential of CGG scaffolds without added GO could be increased by improving the medium diffusion in a 3D culture of differentiating cells. To this aim, the level of extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization was evaluated in human bone-marrow-derived stem cell (hBMSC)-seeded 3D CGG scaffolds upon culture under a perfusion flow in a dedicated custom-made bioreactor system. One week after initiating dynamic culture, histological/histochemical evaluations of CGG scaffolds were carried out to analyze the early osteogenic commitment of the culture. The analyses show the enhanced ECM mineralization of the 3D perfused culture compared to the static counterpart. The results of this investigation reveal a new perspective on more efficient clinical applications of CGG scaffolds without added GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Boretti
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavík University, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland; (G.B.); (Ó.E.S.); (P.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering “Silvio Cavalcanti”, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, 47522 Cesena, FC, Italy
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Mariana Ionita
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.); (G.M.V.)
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- eBio-Hub Research Centre, University Politehnica of Bucharest-Campus, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Mihail Vlasceanu
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.); (G.M.V.)
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ólafur Eysteinn Sigurjónsson
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavík University, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland; (G.B.); (Ó.E.S.); (P.G.); (J.L.)
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Paolo Gargiulo
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavík University, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland; (G.B.); (Ó.E.S.); (P.G.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavik University, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Joseph Lovecchio
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavík University, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland; (G.B.); (Ó.E.S.); (P.G.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavik University, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
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15
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Choi SR, Kwon JW, Suk KS, Kim HS, Moon SH, Park SY, Lee BH. The Clinical Use of Osteobiologic and Metallic Biomaterials in Orthopedic Surgery: The Present and the Future. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103633. [PMID: 37241260 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As the area and range of surgical treatments in the orthopedic field have expanded, the development of biomaterials used for these treatments has also advanced. Biomaterials have osteobiologic properties, including osteogenicity, osteoconduction, and osteoinduction. Natural polymers, synthetic polymers, ceramics, and allograft-based substitutes can all be classified as biomaterials. Metallic implants are first-generation biomaterials that continue to be used and are constantly evolving. Metallic implants can be made from pure metals, such as cobalt, nickel, iron, or titanium, or from alloys, such as stainless steel, cobalt-based alloys, or titanium-based alloys. This review describes the fundamental characteristics of metals and biomaterials used in the orthopedic field and new developments in nanotechnology and 3D-printing technology. This overview discusses the biomaterials that clinicians commonly use. A complementary relationship between doctors and biomaterial scientists is likely to be necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ryul Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kwon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Suk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Sun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Young Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ho Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
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16
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Atia GAN, Shalaby HK, Ali NG, Morsy SM, Ghobashy MM, Attia HAN, Barai P, Nady N, Kodous AS, Barai HR. New Challenges and Prospective Applications of Three-Dimensional Bioactive Polymeric Hydrogels in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:702. [PMID: 37242485 PMCID: PMC10224377 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, and dentistry offers enormous potential for enhancing treatment results and has been fueled by bioengineering breakthroughs over the previous few decades. Bioengineered tissues and constructing functional structures capable of healing, maintaining, and regenerating damaged tissues and organs have had a broad influence on medicine and dentistry. Approaches for combining bioinspired materials, cells, and therapeutic chemicals are critical in stimulating tissue regeneration or as medicinal systems. Because of its capacity to maintain an unique 3D form, offer physical stability for the cells in produced tissues, and replicate the native tissues, hydrogels have been utilized as one of the most frequent tissue engineering scaffolds during the last twenty years. Hydrogels' high water content can provide an excellent conditions for cell viability as well as an architecture that mimics real tissues, bone, and cartilage. Hydrogels have been used to enable cell immobilization and growth factor application. This paper summarizes the features, structure, synthesis and production methods, uses, new challenges, and future prospects of bioactive polymeric hydrogels in dental and osseous tissue engineering of clinical, exploring, systematical and scientific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Abdel Nasser Atia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia P.O. Box 41522, Egypt
| | - Hany K. Shalaby
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez University, Suez P.O. Box 43512, Egypt
| | - Naema Goda Ali
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia P.O. Box 41522, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Mohammed Morsy
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia P.O. Box 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo P.O. Box 13759, Egypt
| | - Hager Abdel Nasser Attia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 21526, Egypt
| | - Paritosh Barai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Norhan Nady
- Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Elarab, Alexandria P.O. Box 21934, Egypt
| | - Ahmad S. Kodous
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo P.O. Box 13759, Egypt
| | - Hasi Rani Barai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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17
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Jackson CE, Ramos-Rodriguez DH, Farr NTH, English WR, Green NH, Claeyssens F. Development of PCL PolyHIPE Substrates for 3D Breast Cancer Cell Culture. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050522. [PMID: 37237592 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a becoming a huge social and economic burden on society, becoming one of the most significant barriers to life expectancy in the 21st century. In particular, breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death for women. One of the most significant difficulties to finding efficient therapies for specific cancers, such as breast cancer, is the efficiency and ease of drug development and testing. Tissue-engineered (TE) in vitro models are rapidly developing as an alternative to animal testing for pharmaceuticals. Additionally, porosity included within these structures overcomes the diffusional mass transfer limit whilst enabling cell infiltration and integration with surrounding tissue. Within this study, we investigated the use of high-molecular-weight polycaprolactone methacrylate (PCL-M) polymerised high-internal-phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) as a scaffold to support 3D breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell culture. We assessed the porosity, interconnectivity, and morphology of the polyHIPEs when varying mixing speed during formation of the emulsion, successfully demonstrating the tunability of these polyHIPEs. An ex ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane assay identified the scaffolds as bioinert, with biocompatible properties within a vascularised tissue. Furthermore, in vitro assessment of cell attachment and proliferation showed promising potential for the use of PCL polyHIPEs to support cell growth. Our results demonstrate that PCL polyHIPEs are a promising material to support cancer cell growth with tuneable porosity and interconnectivity for the fabrication of perfusable 3D cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Jackson
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | | | - Nicholas T H Farr
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - William R English
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR3 7TJ, UK
| | - Nicola H Green
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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18
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Shabab T, Bas O, Dargaville BL, Ravichandran A, Tran PA, Hutmacher DW. Microporous/Macroporous Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Dental Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051340. [PMID: 37242582 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study leverages the advantages of two fabrication techniques, namely, melt-extrusion-based 3D printing and porogen leaching, to develop multiphasic scaffolds with controllable properties essential for scaffold-guided dental tissue regeneration. Polycaprolactone-salt composites are 3D-printed and salt microparticles within the scaffold struts are leached out, revealing a network of microporosity. Extensive characterization confirms that multiscale scaffolds are highly tuneable in terms of their mechanical properties, degradation kinetics, and surface morphology. It can be seen that the surface roughness of the polycaprolactone scaffolds (9.41 ± 3.01 µm) increases with porogen leaching and the use of larger porogens lead to higher roughness values, reaching 28.75 ± 7.48 µm. Multiscale scaffolds exhibit improved attachment and proliferation of 3T3 fibroblast cells as well as extracellular matrix production, compared with their single-scale counterparts (an approximate 1.5- to 2-fold increase in cellular viability and metabolic activity), suggesting that these structures could potentially lead to improved tissue regeneration due to their favourable and reproducible surface morphology. Finally, various scaffolds designed as a drug delivery device were explored by loading them with the antibiotic drug cefazolin. These studies show that by using a multiphasic scaffold design, a sustained drug release profile can be achieved. The combined results strongly support the further development of these scaffolds for dental tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Shabab
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Onur Bas
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Bronwin L Dargaville
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Phong A Tran
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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19
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Zhao Y, Zhu T, Han S, Dong Y, Zhou Y, Qiao Y, Tian Y, Qiu D, Qu X. Construction of Processable Ultrastiff Hydrogel for Periarticular Fracture Strutting and Healing. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:2075-2086. [PMID: 37018617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of bioactive bone and joint implants that offer superior mechanical properties to facilitate personalized surgical procedures remains challenging in the field of biomedical materials. As for the hydrogel, mechanical property and processability are major obstructions hampering its application as load-bearing scaffolds in orthopedics. Herein, we constructed implantable composite hydrogels with appealing processability and ultrahigh stiffness. Central to our design is the incorporation of a thixotropic composite network into an elastic polymer network via dynamic interactions to synthesize a percolation-structured double-network (DN) hydrogel with plasticity, followed by in situ strengthening and self-strengthening mechanisms for fostering the DN structure to the cojoined-network structure and subsequently mineralized-composite-network structure to harvest excellent stiffness. The ultrastiff hydrogel is shapeable and can reach a compressive modulus of 80-200 MPa together with a fracture energy of 6-10 MJ/m3, comparable to the mechanical performance of cancellous bone. Moreover, the hydrogel is cytocompatible, osteogenic, and showed almost no volume shrinkage within 28 days in simulated body fluid or culture medium. Such characteristics enabled the utility of a hydrogel in the reduction and stabilization of periarticular fracture treatment on a distal femoral AO/OTA B1 fracture rabbit model and successfully avoided the recollapse of the articular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Zhao
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tengjiao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanlei Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dong Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaozhong Qu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Chen S, Ni S, Liu C, He M, Pan Y, Cui P, Wang C, Ni X. Neglected immunoregulation: M2 polarization of macrophages triggered by low-dose irradiation plays an important role in bone regeneration. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1095-1109. [PMID: 36929666 PMCID: PMC10098298 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current studies have found that low-dose irradiation (IR) can promote bone regeneration. However, mechanism studies of IR-triggered bone regeneration mainly focus on the effects of osteoblasts, neglecting the role of the surrounding immune microenvironment. Here in this study, in vitro proliferation experiments showed that low-dose IR ≤2 Gy could promote the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and qRT-PCR assay showed that low-dose IR ≤2 Gy could exert the M2 polarization of Raw264.7 cells, while IR >2 Gy inhibited BMSC proliferation and triggered M1 polarization in Raw264.7 cells. The ALP and mineralized nodules staining showed that low-dose IR ≤2 Gy not only promoted osteoblast mineralization through IR-triggered osteoblast proliferation but also through M2 polarization of Raw264.7 cells, while high-dose IR >2 Gy had the opposite effect. The co-incubation of BMSC with low-dose IR irradiated Raw264.7 cell supernatants increased the mRNA expression of BMP-2 and Osx. The rat cranial defects model revealed that low-dose IR ≤2 Gy gradually promoted bone regeneration, while high-dose IR >2 Gy inhibited bone regeneration. Detection of macrophage polarity in peripheral blood samples showed that low-dose IR ≤2 Gy increased the expression of CD206 and CD163, but decreased the expression of CD86 and CD80 in macrophages, which indicated M2 polarization of macrophages in vivo, while high-dose IR had the opposite effect. Our finding innovatively revealed that low-dose IR ≤2 Gy promotes bone regeneration not only by directly promoting the proliferation of osteoblasts but also by triggering M2 polarization of macrophages, which provided a new perspective for immune mechanism study in the treatment of bone defects with low-dose IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Chen
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Medical Physics, Changzhou, China
| | - Su Ni
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chun Liu
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Mu He
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Pan
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xinye Ni
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Medical Physics, Changzhou, China
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21
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Jung Y, Kim J, Kim S, Chung SH, Wie J. Development of Cellular Signaling Pathways by Bioceramic Heat Treatment (Sintering) in Osteoblast Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030785. [PMID: 36979764 PMCID: PMC10045186 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioceramics are calcium-phosphate-based materials used in medical and dental implants for replacing or repairing damaged bone tissues; however, the effect of bioceramic sintering on the intracellular signaling pathways remains unknown. In order to address this, we analyzed the impact of sintering on the cell signaling pathways of osteoblast cells using sintered and non-sintered hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). X-ray diffraction indicated that only the morphology of HA was affected by sintering; however, the sintered bioceramics were found to have elevated the calcium concentrations in relation to the non-sintered variants. Both bioceramics inhibited the JNK signaling pathway; the sintered HA exhibited half the value of the non-sintered variant, while the sintered β-TCP rarely expressed a p-JNK value. The total Src and Raptor protein concentrations were unaffected by the sintering, while the p-Src concentrations were decreased. The p-EGFR signaling pathway was regulated by the non-sintered bioceramics, while the p-p38 concentrations were reduced by both the sintered β-TCP and HA. All of the bioceramics attenuated the total AKT concentrations, particularly the non-sintered HA, and the AKT phosphorylation concentration, except for the non-sintered β-TCP. Thus, the sintering of bioceramics affects several intracellular signaling pathways. These findings may elucidate the bioceramic function and expand their application scope as novel substrates in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Jung
- Department of Physiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooseong Kim
- HudensBio Co., Ltd., 318 Cheomdanyeonsin-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61088, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyoung Kim
- HudensBio Co., Ltd., 318 Cheomdanyeonsin-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61088, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin hye Chung
- Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhong Wie
- Department of Physiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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22
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Bertsch C, Maréchal H, Gribova V, Lévy B, Debry C, Lavalle P, Fath L. Biomimetic Bilayered Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: From Current Design Strategies to Medical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2203115. [PMID: 36807830 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Tissue damage due to cancer, congenital anomalies, and injuries needs new efficient treatments that allow tissue regeneration. In this context, tissue engineering shows a great potential to restore the native architecture and function of damaged tissues, by combining cells with specific scaffolds. Scaffolds made of natural and/or synthetic polymers and sometimes ceramics play a key role in guiding cell growth and formation of the new tissues. Monolayered scaffolds, which consist of uniform material structure, are reported as not being sufficient to mimic complex biological environment of the tissues. Osteochondral, cutaneous, vascular, and many other tissues all have multilayered structures, therefore multilayered scaffolds seem more advantageous to regenerate these tissues. In this review, recent advances in bilayered scaffolds design applied to regeneration of vascular, bone, cartilage, skin, periodontal, urinary bladder, and tracheal tissues are focused on. After a short introduction on tissue anatomy, composition and fabrication techniques of bilayered scaffolds are explained. Then, experimental results obtained in vitro and in vivo are described, and their limitations are given. Finally, difficulties in scaling up production of bilayer scaffolds and reaching the stage of clinical studies are discussed when multiple scaffold components are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Bertsch
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Hélène Maréchal
- Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, 67200, France
| | - Varvara Gribova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Benjamin Lévy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Christian Debry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France.,Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, 67200, France
| | - Philippe Lavalle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Léa Fath
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France.,Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, 67200, France
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23
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Liu X, Sun S, Wang N, Kang R, Xie L, Liu X. Therapeutic application of hydrogels for bone-related diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:998988. [PMID: 36172014 PMCID: PMC9510597 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.998988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-related diseases caused by trauma, infection, and aging affect people’s health and quality of life. The prevalence of bone-related diseases has been increasing yearly in recent years. Mild bone diseases can still be treated with conservative drugs and can be cured confidently. However, serious bone injuries caused by large-scale trauma, fractures, bone tumors, and other diseases are challenging to heal on their own. Open surgery must be used for intervention. The treatment method also faces the problems of a long cycle, high cost, and serious side effects. Studies have found that hydrogels have attracted much attention due to their good biocompatibility and biodegradability and show great potential in treating bone-related diseases. This paper mainly introduces the properties and preparation methods of hydrogels, reviews the application of hydrogels in bone-related diseases (including bone defects, bone fracture, cartilage injuries, and osteosarcoma) in recent years. We also put forward suggestions according to the current development status, pointing out a new direction for developing high-performance hydrogels more suitable for bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Liu
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuoshuo Sun
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Kang
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Kang, ; Lin Xie, ; Xin Liu,
| | - Lin Xie
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Kang, ; Lin Xie, ; Xin Liu,
| | - Xin Liu
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Kang, ; Lin Xie, ; Xin Liu,
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24
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Bedell ML, Torres AL, Hogan KJ, Wang Z, Wang B, Melchiorri AJ, Grande-Allen KJ, Mikos AG. Human gelatin-based composite hydrogels for osteochondral tissue engineering and their adaptation into bioinks for extrusion, inkjet, and digital light processing bioprinting. Biofabrication 2022; 14:10.1088/1758-5090/ac8768. [PMID: 35931060 PMCID: PMC9633045 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac8768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of novel hydrogel systems allows for the study of relationships between biomaterials, cells, and other factors within osteochondral tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a popular research method that can allow for further interrogation of these questions via the fabrication of 3D hydrogel environments that mimic tissue-specific, complex architectures. However, the adaptation of promising hydrogel biomaterial systems into 3D-printable bioinks remains a challenge. Here, we delineated an approach to that process. First, we characterized a novel methacryloylated gelatin composite hydrogel system and assessed how calcium phosphate and glycosaminoglycan additives upregulated bone- and cartilage-like matrix deposition and certain genetic markers of differentiation within human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), such as RUNX2 and SOX9. Then, new assays were developed and utilized to study the effects of xanthan gum and nanofibrillated cellulose, which allowed for cohesive fiber deposition, reliable droplet formation, and non-fracturing digital light processing (DLP)-printed constructs within extrusion, inkjet, and DLP techniques, respectively. Finally, these bioinks were used to 3D print constructs containing viable encapsulated hMSCs over a 7 d period, where DLP printed constructs facilitated the highest observed increase in cell number over 7 d (∼2.4×). The results presented here describe the promotion of osteochondral phenotypes via these novel composite hydrogel formulations, establish their ability to bioprint viable, cell-encapsulating constructs using three different 3D printing methods on multiple bioprinters, and document how a library of modular bioink additives affected those physicochemical properties important to printability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katie J. Hogan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Bonnie Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
- NIBIB/NIH Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, USA
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25
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Valizadeh N, Salehi R, Roshangar L, Agbolaghi S, Mahkam M. Towards osteogenic bioengineering of human dental pulp stem cells induced by incorporating
Prunus amygdalus dulcis
extract in
polycaprolactone‐gelatin
nanofibrous scaffold. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Valizadeh
- Chemistry Department, Science Faculty Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Samira Agbolaghi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mahkam
- Chemistry Department, Science Faculty Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
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26
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Subash A, Basanth A, Kandasubramanian B. Biodegradable polyphosphazene – hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue engineering. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2082426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alsha Subash
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nano Surface Texturing Laboratory, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abina Basanth
- Biopolymer Science, CIPET: Institute of Plastics Technology (IPT), Kochi, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nano Surface Texturing Laboratory, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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27
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Foaming of PCL-Based Composites Using scCO2—Biocompatibility and Evaluation for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113858. [PMID: 35683156 PMCID: PMC9181950 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The process of foaming poly(caprolactone)-based composite materials using supercritical carbon dioxide was analyzed, especially in terms of the biocompatibility of the resultant materials. The influence of foaming process conditions and composite material properties on the functional properties of polymer solid foams, intended for artificial scaffolds for bone cell culture, was investigated. The relationship between wettability (contact angle) and water absorption rate as a result of the application of variable conditions for the production of porous structures was presented. For the evaluation of potential cytotoxicity, the MTT and PrestoBlue tests were carried out, and animal cells (mouse fibroblasts) were cultured on the materials for nine days. There was no toxic effect of composite materials made of poly(caprolactone) containing porogen particles: hydroxyapatite, crystalline nanocellulose, and graphene oxide on cells. The desired effect of the porogens used in the foaming process on the affinity of cells to the resultant material was demonstrated. The tested materials have been shown to be biocompatible and suitable for applications in biomedical engineering.
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28
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Polydopamine-Coated Poly-Lactic Acid Aerogels as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072137. [PMID: 35408538 PMCID: PMC9000627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) aerogel-based scaffolds were obtained from physical PLLA gels containing cyclopentanone (CPO) or methyl benzoate (BzOMe) molecules. An innovative single step method of solvent extraction, using supercritical CO2, was used to achieve cylindrical monolithic aerogels. The pore distribution and size, analyzed by SEM microscopy, were found to be related to the crystalline forms present in the physical nodes that hold the gels together, the stable α’-form and the metastable co-crystalline ε-form, detected in the PLLA/BzOMe and PLLA/CPO aerogels, respectively. A higher mechanical compressive strength was found for the PLLA/CPO aerogels, which exhibit a more homogenous porosity. In vitro biocompatibility tests also indicated that monolithic PLLA/CPO aerogels exhibited greater cell viability than PLLA/BzOMe aerogels. An improved biocompatibility of PLLA/CPO monolithic aerogels was finally observed by coating the surface of the aerogels with polydopamine (PDA) obtained by the in situ polymerization of dopamine (DA). The synergistic effect of biodegradable polyester (PLLA) and the biomimetic interface (PDA) makes this new 3D porous scaffold, with porosity and mechanical properties that are tunable based on the solvent used in the preparation process, attractive for tissue engineering applications.
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29
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Qiao K, Xu L, Tang J, Wang Q, Lim KS, Hooper G, Woodfield TBF, Liu G, Tian K, Zhang W, Cui X. The advances in nanomedicine for bone and cartilage repair. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:141. [PMID: 35303876 PMCID: PMC8932118 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the gradual demographic shift toward an aging and obese society, an increasing number of patients are suffering from bone and cartilage injuries. However, conventional therapies are hindered by the defects of materials, failing to adequately stimulate the necessary cellular response to promote sufficient cartilage regeneration, bone remodeling and osseointegration. In recent years, the rapid development of nanomedicine has initiated a revolution in orthopedics, especially in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, due to their capacity to effectively stimulate cellular responses on a nanoscale with enhanced drug loading efficiency, targeted capability, increased mechanical properties and improved uptake rate, resulting in an improved therapeutic effect. Therefore, a comprehensive review of advancements in nanomedicine for bone and cartilage diseases is timely and beneficial. This review firstly summarized the wide range of existing nanotechnology applications in the medical field. The progressive development of nano delivery systems in nanomedicine, including nanoparticles and biomimetic techniques, which are lacking in the current literature, is further described. More importantly, we also highlighted the research advancements of nanomedicine in bone and cartilage repair using the latest preclinical and clinical examples, and further discussed the research directions of nano-therapies in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qiao
- Department of Bone & Joint, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Bone & Joint, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.,Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 61004, Sichuan, China
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Gary Hooper
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Tian
- Department of Bone & Joint, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Bone & Joint, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Department of Bone & Joint, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China. .,Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand.
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30
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Moosavifar M, Parsaei H, Hosseini S, Mirmontazeri SM, Ahadi R, Ahadian S, Engel FB, Roshanbinfar K. Biomimetic Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Scaffolds to Regenerate Cranial Bone Defects in a Rat Animal Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1258-1270. [PMID: 35193354 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While bone regenerates itself after an injury, a critical bone defect requires external interventions. Engineering approaches to restore bone provide a temporary scaffold to support the damage and provide beneficial biological cues for bone repair. Biomimetically generated scaffolds replicate the naturally occurring phenomena in bone regeneration. In this study, a gelatin-calcium phosphate nanocomposite was synthesized by an efficient and cost-effective double-diffusion biomimetic approach. Calcium and phosphate ions are impregnated in the gelatin, mimicking the natural bone mineralization process. Glutaraldehyde from 0.5 to 2 w/v% was used for gelatin cross-linking and mechanical properties of the scaffold, and its biological support for rat bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells was analyzed. Analysis of scanning electron microscopy images of the nanocomposite scaffolds and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations of these scaffolds confirmed precipitation of calcium phosphates in the gelatin. Moreover, lysozyme degradation assay showed that scaffold degradation reversely correlates with the concentration of the cross-linking agent. Increased glutaraldehyde concentrations enhanced the mechanical properties of the scaffolds, bringing them closer to those of cancellous bone. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells maintained their viability on these scaffolds compared to standard cell culture plates. In addition, these cells showed differentiation into bone lineage as evaluated from alkaline phosphatase activity up to 21 days and Alizarin red staining of the cells over 28 days. Eventually, scaffolds were implanted in a cranial defect in a rat animal model with a 5 mm diameter. Bone regeneration was studied over 90 days. Analysis of histological sections of the injury and computer tomography images revealed that nanocomposite scaffolds cross-linked with 1% w/v glutaraldehyde provide the maximum bone regeneration after 90 days. Collectively, our data show that nanocomposite scaffolds developed here provide effective regeneration for extensive bone defects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- MirJavad Moosavifar
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 159163-4311
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1449614535
| | - Houman Parsaei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1449614535
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1449614535
| | - SeyedJamal Hosseini
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 159163-4311
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1449614535
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mirmontazeri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1449614535
| | - Reza Ahadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1449614535
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Kaveh Roshanbinfar
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91058, Germany
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31
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Meneses J, van de Kemp T, Costa-Almeida R, Pereira R, Magalhães FD, Castilho M, Pinto AM. Fabrication of Polymer/Graphene Biocomposites for Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051038. [PMID: 35267861 PMCID: PMC8914623 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based materials (GBM) are considered one of the 21st century’s most promising materials, as they are incredibly light, strong, thin and have remarkable electrical and thermal properties. As a result, over the past decade, their combination with a diverse range of synthetic polymers has been explored in tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine (RM). In addition, a wide range of methods for fabricating polymer/GBM scaffolds have been reported. This review provides an overview of the most recent advances in polymer/GBM composite development and fabrication, focusing on methods such as electrospinning and additive manufacturing (AM). As a future outlook, this work stresses the need for more in vivo studies to validate polymer/GBM composite scaffolds for TE applications, and gives insight on their fabrication by state-of-the-art processing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Meneses
- LEPABE, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (T.v.d.K.); (F.D.M.)
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Tom van de Kemp
- LEPABE, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (T.v.d.K.); (F.D.M.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovacão em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-A.); (R.P.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Raquel Costa-Almeida
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovacão em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-A.); (R.P.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Pereira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovacão em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-A.); (R.P.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernão D. Magalhães
- LEPABE, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (T.v.d.K.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Artur M. Pinto
- LEPABE, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (T.v.d.K.); (F.D.M.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovacão em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-A.); (R.P.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Injectable pH-responsive adhesive hydrogels for bone tissue engineering inspired by the underwater attachment strategy of marine mussels. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 133:112606. [PMID: 35525750 PMCID: PMC9933951 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in tissue engineering is the development of alternatives to traditional bone autografts and allografts that can regenerate critical-sized bone defects. Here we present the design of injectable pH-responsive double-crosslinked adhesive hydrogels inspired by the molecular mechanism and environmental post-processing of marine mussel adhesive. Nine adhesive hydrogel formulations were developed through the conjugation of crosslinkable catechol functional groups (DOPA) and the synthetic oligomer oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] (OPF), varying the DOPA content (w/w%) and molecular weight (MW) of the OPF backbone to produce formulations with a range of swelling ratios, porosities, and crosslink densities. DOPA incorporation altered the surface chemistry, mechanical properties, and surface topography of hydrogels, resulting in an increase in material stiffness, slower degradation, and enhanced pre-osteoblast cell attachment and proliferation. When injected within simulated bone defects, DOPA-mediated interfacial adhesive interactions also prevented the displacement of scaffolds, an effect that was maintained even after swelling within physiological conditions. Taken together, OPF-DOPA hydrogels represent a promising new material to enhanced tissue integration and the prevention of the post-implantation migration of scaffolds that can occur due to biomechanical loading in vivo.
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Tarrahi R, Khataee A, Karimi A, Yoon Y. The latest achievements in plant cellulose-based biomaterials for tissue engineering focusing on skin repair. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132529. [PMID: 34637866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work reviews recent developments in plant cellulose-based biomaterial design and applications, properties, characterizations, and synthesis for skin tissue engineering and wound healing. Cellulose-based biomaterials are promising materials for their remarkable adaptability with three-dimensional polymeric structure. They are capable of mimicking tissue properties, which plays a key role in tissue engineering. Besides, concerns for environmental issues have motivated scientists to move toward eco-friendly materials and natural polymer-based materials for applications in the tissue engineering field these days. Therefore, cellulose as an appropriate substitute for common polymers based on crude coal, animal, and human-derived biomolecules is greatly considered for various applications in biomedical fields. Generally, natural biomaterials lack good mechanical properties for skin tissue engineering. But using modified cellulose-based biopolymers tackles these restrictions and prevents immunogenic responses. Moreover, tissue engineering is a quick promoting field focusing on the generation of novel biomaterials with modified characteristics to improve scaffold function through physical, biochemical, and chemical tailoring. Also, nanocellulose with a broad range of applications, particularly in tissue engineering, advanced wound dressing, and as a material for coupling with drugs and sensorics, has been reviewed here. Moreover, the potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of cellulose-based biomaterials are addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Tarrahi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 14496-14535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Afzal Karimi
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yeojoon Yoon
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Arabiyat AS, Pfau MR, Grunlan MA, Hahn MS. Intrinsic osteoinductivity of PCL-DA/PLLA semi-IPN shape memory polymer scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2334-2345. [PMID: 33988292 PMCID: PMC8736335 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineering osteoinductive, self-fitting scaffolds offers a potential treatment modality to repair irregularly shaped craniomaxillofacial bone defects. Recently, we innovated on osteoinductive poly(ε-caprolactone)-diacrylate (PCL-DA) shape memory polymers (SMPs) to incorporate poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) into the PCL-DA network, forming a semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN). Scaffolds formed from these PCL-DA/PLLA semi-IPNs display stiffnesses within the range of trabecular bone and accelerated degradation relative to scaffolds formed from slowly degrading PCL-DA SMPs. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that PCL-DA/PLLA semi-IPN SMP scaffolds show increased intrinsic osteoinductivity relative to PCL-DA. We also confirm that application of a bioinspired polydopamine (PD) coating further improves the osteoinductive capacity of these PCL-DA/PLLA semi-IPN SMPs. In the absence of osteogenic supplements, protein level assessment of human mesenchymal stem cells (h-MSCs) cultured in PCL-DA/PLLA scaffolds revealed an increase in expression of osteogenic markers osterix, bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), and collagen 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1), relative to PCL-DA scaffolds and osteogenic medium controls. Likewise, the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and BMP-4 was elevated in the presence of PD-coating. In contrast, the chondrogenic and adipogenic responses associated with the scaffolds matched or were reduced relative to osteogenic medium controls, indicating that the scaffolds display intrinsic osteoinductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S. Arabiyat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Troy, New York
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Troy, New York
| | - Michaela R. Pfau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Melissa A. Grunlan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Mariah S. Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Troy, New York
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Troy, New York
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Deshpande R, Shukla S, Sayyad R, Salunke S, Nisal A, Venugopalan P. Silk fibroin and ceramic scaffolds: Comparative in vitro studies for bone regeneration. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10221. [PMID: 34589598 PMCID: PMC8459602 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic bone void fillers based on calcium ceramics are used to fill cavities in the bone and promote bone regeneration. More recently, silk fibroin (SF), a protein polymer obtained from Bombyx mori silkworm, has emerged as a promising material in bone void filling. In this work, we have compared the safety and efficacy of two types of silk fibroin-based bone void fillers with currently used and commercially available ceramic bone void fillers (based on calcium sulphate, beta tricalcium phosphate, and beta tricalcium phosphate with hydroxyapatite). Further, we have also evaluated these two types of SF scaffolds, which have strikingly different structural attributes. The biocompatibility of these scaffolds was comparable as assessed by cytotoxicity assay, cellular adhesion assay, and immunogenic assay. Ability of the scaffolds to support differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into an osteoblastic lineage was also evaluated in an in vitro differentiation experiment using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. These results revealed that cells cultured on SF scaffolds exhibit higher expression of early to late markers such as Runx2, BMPs, collagen, osterix, osteopontin, and osteocalcin as compared with ceramic-based scaffolds. This observation was further validated by studying the expression of alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposition. We also show that scaffolds made from same material of SF, but characterized by very different pore architectures, have diverse outcome in stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Deshpande
- Research and DevelopmentSerigen Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd.Satara RoadPuneMaharashtraIndia
| | - Swati Shukla
- Research and DevelopmentSerigen Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd.Satara RoadPuneMaharashtraIndia
| | - Raeesa Sayyad
- Research and DevelopmentSerigen Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd.Satara RoadPuneMaharashtraIndia
| | - Shalmali Salunke
- Research and DevelopmentSerigen Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd.Satara RoadPuneMaharashtraIndia
| | - Anuya Nisal
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CSIR‐National Chemical LaboratoryPuneIndia
| | - Premnath Venugopalan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CSIR‐National Chemical LaboratoryPuneIndia
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Yun J, Jeong Y, Nam O, Yeo KB, Jo YK, Heo HR, Kim CS, Joo KI, Pack SP, Jin E, Cha HJ. Bone Graft Biomineral Complex Coderived from Marine Biocalcification and Biosilicification. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6046-6055. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Onyou Nam
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Baek Yeo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kee Jo
- Department of Biomedical Convergence Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryoung Heo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sup Kim
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Il Joo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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Does Needle Design Affect the Regenerative Potential of Bone Marrow Aspirate? An In Vitro Study. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080748. [PMID: 34440491 PMCID: PMC8401947 DOI: 10.3390/life11080748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While autologous bone is still the gold standard for treatment of bone defects, its availability is limited. Sufficient numbers of mesenchymal stroma cells (MSC) may be an alternative. Small volumes of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) were harvested with two different needle systems comparing the yield and regenerative potency of the MSCs. BMA (10 mL) was aspirated from the posterior iliac crest of 12 patients with degenerative spinal disc disease using both needle systems in each patient: the Jamshidi needle (JAM) and on the contralateral side the Marrow Cellution® Needle (AMC). Number of mononuclear cells (MNCs) and regeneration capacity (colony-forming unit/CFU) were determined. MSCs were characterized for surface markers and their differentiation into trilineages. There was no significant difference between the two harvesting needles regarding the quantity of MNCs in BMA: 5.2 ± 1.8 × 109 MNC/mL for AMC vs. 4.8 ± 2.5 × 109 MNC/mL for JAM, p = 0.182. The quantity of CFUs per ml BMA was similar for both groups: 3717 ± 5556 for AMC and 4305 ± 5507 for JAM (p = 0.695). The potency of MSCs expressed as colony-forming potential per 106 MNC resulted in 0.98 ± 1.51 for AMC and 1.00 ± 0.96 for JAM (p = 0.666). Regardless of the needle design, 10 mL bone marrow aspirate contains a sufficient number of about 40,000 MSCs that can be used to enhance bone healing.
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Soraya Z, Ghollasi M, Halabian R, Eftekhari E, Tabasi A, Salimi A. Donepezil hydrochloride as a novel inducer for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on PLLA scaffolds in vitro. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100112. [PMID: 34170068 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, bone defects caused by illness or trauma have been the most common traumatic injuries in humans and treatment of orthopedic infections has always been a serious challenge to experts in the world. In this project, poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofibrous scaffolds were synthesized as a nontoxic, eco-friendly, and cost-effective scaffold by the electrospinning technique. Then, the impact of PLLA on the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was assayed in the presence and absence of donepezil hydrochloride (DH) which was prescribed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Also, hMSCs were seeded on PLLA scaffold in the presence (PLLA-DH) and absence of 1 μg mL-1 of DH under osteogenic induction media. Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was assessed by specific bone-related tests including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red and von Kossa staining, calcium content assay. Also, Osteocalcin and osteopontin were evaluated as osteogenic proteins as well as ALP, osteonectin, osteocalcin, collagen type I (Col-I) and Runx2 as osteogenic genes via immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Real-time PCR analyses. The obtained data showed the higher ALP enzyme activity and biomineralization, more intensity during von Kossa staining as well as the increase in the expression rate of osteogenic related gene and protein markers in differentiated hMSCs on PLLA-DH. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the combination of PLLA scaffold with DH provides a scope to develop a suitable matrix in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Soraya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghollasi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Eftekhari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Tabasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Al-Kattan A, Grojo D, Drouet C, Mouskeftaras A, Delaporte P, Casanova A, Robin JD, Magdinier F, Alloncle P, Constantinescu C, Motto-Ros V, Hermann J. Short-Pulse Lasers: A Versatile Tool in Creating Novel Nano-/Micro-Structures and Compositional Analysis for Healthcare and Wellbeing Challenges. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:712. [PMID: 33809072 PMCID: PMC8001552 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Driven by flexibility, precision, repeatability and eco-friendliness, laser-based technologies have attracted great interest to engineer or to analyze materials in various fields including energy, environment, biology and medicine. A major advantage of laser processing relies on the ability to directly structure matter at different scales and to prepare novel materials with unique physical and chemical properties. It is also a contact-free approach that makes it possible to work in inert or reactive liquid or gaseous environment. This leads today to a unique opportunity for designing, fabricating and even analyzing novel complex bio-systems. To illustrate this potential, in this paper, we gather our recent research on four types of laser-based methods relevant for nano-/micro-scale applications. First, we present and discuss pulsed laser ablation in liquid, exploited today for synthetizing ultraclean "bare" nanoparticles attractive for medicine and tissue engineering applications. Second, we discuss robust methods for rapid surface and bulk machining (subtractive manufacturing) at different scales by laser ablation. Among them, the microsphere-assisted laser surface engineering is detailed for its appropriateness to design structured substrates with hierarchically periodic patterns at nano-/micro-scale without chemical treatments. Third, we address the laser-induced forward transfer, a technology based on direct laser printing, to transfer and assemble a multitude of materials (additive structuring), including biological moiety without alteration of functionality. Finally, the fourth method is about chemical analysis: we present the potential of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, providing a unique tool for contact-free and space-resolved elemental analysis of organic materials. Overall, we present and discuss the prospect and complementarity of emerging reliable laser technologies, to address challenges in materials' preparation relevant for the development of innovative multi-scale and multi-material platforms for bio-applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Kattan
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - David Grojo
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Christophe Drouet
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, UMR 5085 CNRS/Toulouse INP/UT3 Paul Sabatier, Ensiacet, 4 allée E. Monso, CEDEX 04, 31030 Toulouse, France;
| | - Alexandros Mouskeftaras
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Philippe Delaporte
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Adrien Casanova
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jérôme D. Robin
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, 13385 Marseille, France; (J.D.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Frédérique Magdinier
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, 13385 Marseille, France; (J.D.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Patricia Alloncle
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Catalin Constantinescu
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Vincent Motto-Ros
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1—CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Jörg Hermann
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
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Ou M, Huang X. Influence of bone formation by composite scaffolds with different proportions of hydroxyapatite and collagen. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e231-e244. [PMID: 33509634 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Composite scaffolds with different proportions of hydroxyapatite (HA) and collagen (COL) produced different bone induction results. OBJECTIVE To examine the composite scaffolds with optimal proportion of HA and COL to achieve earlier bone induction and maximum bone formation. METHODS Composite scaffolds with the HA/COL weight ratio of 7:3, 3:7, 5:5 and 9:1 were prepared, as HA powder was added to collagen solution at 130℃ for 48 h. Then, the composites with different proportions of HA/COL were implanted into the extraction socket of right upper central incisor of C57BL/6 J mice. The bone formation of the extraction socket was observed by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson-trichrome (Masson) staining at 1 and 2 weeks after operation. Five weeks later, the bone formation of extraction socket was observed by micro computed tomography (micro-CT). After MC3T3-E1 cells were co-cultured with materials of different proportions for 3 days, the number of cells attached on the surface of the materials and entering the materials were counted, and the expression of osteogenic related genes (Runx2, Ocn. Osx and Alp) was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The composite scaffolds with different proportion of HA/COL with and without mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were implanted into the back of adult mice and cultured subcutaneously for 30 days, and observed histologically by HE and Masson staining. RESULTS After one week implantation with the composite HA/COL scaffolds with the weight ratio of 7:3, 3:7, 5:5 and 9:1, there was no new bone formation in the extraction socket in mouse. However, two weeks later, new bone was firstly observed in the tooth socket with the composite HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3. 5 weeks later, micro-CT scanning showed that the total amount of newly formed bone, trabecular width and bone mineral density of the HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3 were higher than the other HA/COL scaffolds (P < 0.05). After MC3T3-E1 cells were co-cultured with different composite HA/COL scaffolds for 3 days. The number of cells on the surface and inside of the HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3 was more than the other materials, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The expression levels of Ocn and Osx of MC3T3-E1 cells were also the highest in the HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3 (P < 0.01). Bone formation was observed in the composite HA/COL scaffold of 7:3 with BMMSCs subcutaneously in mouse for 30 days, while only osteoid formation was observed in the same scaffold without BMMSCs. but bone formation was not detected in the other proportions of the HA/COL scaffolds. SIGNIFICANCE Compared with other proportions of HA/COL, the composite HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3 has stronger ability to promote bone formation, recruit osteoblasts to attach and enter into the scaffolds, and promote the osteogenesis of BMMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Ou
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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41
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Han X, Xu H, Che L, Sha D, Huang C, Meng T, Song D. Application of Inorganic Nanocomposite Hydrogels in Bone Tissue Engineering. iScience 2020; 23:101845. [PMID: 33305193 PMCID: PMC7711279 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone defects caused by trauma and surgery are common clinical problems encountered by orthopedic surgeons. Thus, a hard-textured, natural-like biomaterial that enables encapsulated cells to obtain the much-needed biophysical stimulation and produce functional bone tissue is needed. Incorporating nanomaterials into cell-laden hydrogels is a straightforward tactic for producing tissue engineering structures that integrate perfectly with the body and for tailoring the material characteristics of hydrogels without hindering nutrient exchange with the surroundings. In this review, recent developments in inorganic nanocomposite hydrogels for bone tissue engineering that are of vital importance but have not yet been comprehensively reviewed are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaying Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 650 New Songjiang Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Houshi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lingbin Che
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 650 New Songjiang Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Dongyong Sha
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Chaojun Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Tong Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 650 New Songjiang Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Dianwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 650 New Songjiang Road, Shanghai 200080, China
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Dragosloveanu Ş, Dragosloveanu CDM, Stanca HT, Cotor DC, Andrei AC, Dragosloveanu CI, Stoica CI. Tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite treatment for benign cavitary bone lesions: A prospective clinical trial. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:215. [PMID: 33149779 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign bone tumors are surgically treated by curettage and by filling the defect using bone grafts or bone substitutes, such as hydroxyapatite crystals and tricalcium phosphate. The tricalcium phosphate mixed with hydroxyapatite, although fragile, is a good alternative with good integration. Fifteen patients with benign bone lesions were randomized in two groups surgically treated by curettage and filling of the bone defect using allograft (7 cases) or a mixture of 35% tricalcium phosphate, with 60-85% pore volume, and 65% hydroxyapatite (8 cases). After the surgery, all patients were followed up every 3 weeks until 6 months, and then at 2 months interval until one year for the clinical and radiological assessment. The average age was 35.4 years (from 18 to 54) for the allograft group and 41 years (from 22 to 58) for the patients treated with bone substitute. Eight patients were male and seven female, with relatively equal distribution between both groups. The average bone defect was relatively equal: 14 cc (4-25 cc) for the allograft group and 15.1 cc (4-33 cc) for the ceramic group (P>0.1). During the follow-up, all the lesions gradually disappeared after 12 months, with a time of healing of 18.8 weeks (15-24 weeks) for the allograft group and 20.37 weeks (15-28) for the bone substitute group. There were no significant differences regarding the clinical status and the radiological assessment after 12 months. No patient required extra pain medication after 2 weeks. No complications have been recorded. The surgical treatment of small and medium sized lytic benign tumors has good results with both types of graft that were studied. Using tricalcium phosphate mixed with hydroxyapatite as bone substitute represents a good and low cost alternative, but it is a relatively fragile material with a slower time to integrate compared to the allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şerban Dragosloveanu
- Department of Orthopedics, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 'Foisor' Orthopedics-Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Horia T Stanca
- Department of Ophthalmology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoş C Cotor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 'Foisor' Orthopedics-Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian C Andrei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 'Foisor' Orthopedics-Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Călin I Dragosloveanu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 'Foisor' Orthopedics-Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian I Stoica
- Department of Orthopedics, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 'Foisor' Orthopedics-Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
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Wang J, Xie L, Wang X, Zheng W, Chen H, Cai L, Chen L. The effects of oyster shell/alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate/platelet-rich plasma/bone mesenchymal stem cells bioengineering scaffold on rat critical-sized calvarial defects. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:96. [PMID: 33128637 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Engineering scaffolds combining natural biomineral and artificially synthesized material hold promising potential for bone tissue regeneration. We fabricated a bioengineering scaffold, oyster shell (OS) and alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH) as scaffold, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as provider of growth factors and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as seed cells, and determined it could be applied as a new type of bone graft substitutes by rat calvarial defects repairing experiment in vitro and in vivo. SEM showed that the mean diameter of the pores was about 150 μm with a range of 50-200 μm, and scaffold's porosity was ~27.4% by Archimedes' Principle. In vitro, Scaffold + BMSCs + PRP group presented a higher ALP activity compared with other groups by ELISA (P < 0.05). But the expression of OC was not detectable on day 4 or 8. The MTT assay showed that the relative cell number of BMSCs+PRP group increased significantly (P < 0.05). In vivo, the smallest defect area of skull and highest volume of regenerated new bone were observed in Scaffold + PRP + BMSCs group by X-ray and Micro-CT analysis (P < 0.05). And the similar results also were observed in HE and Masson staining. The immunohistochemistry staining for osteogenic marker proteins ALP and OC showed that the most obvious positive staining was observed in Scaffold + PRP + BMSCs group (P < 0.05). The expression of inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α was the lowest in control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a bioengineering scaffold based on OS, created by simply combining α-CSH and PRP and implanting with BMSCs, could be clinically useful and has marked advantages as a targeted, off-the-shelf, cell-loaded treatment option for the bone healing of critical-size calvarial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.109, XueYuan West Road, Luheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, P.R. China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linzhen Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.109, XueYuan West Road, Luheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, P.R. China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.109, XueYuan West Road, Luheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, P.R. China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.109, XueYuan West Road, Luheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, P.R. China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.109, XueYuan West Road, Luheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, P.R. China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leyi Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.109, XueYuan West Road, Luheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, P.R. China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.109, XueYuan West Road, Luheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, P.R. China.
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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García-González M, Muñoz Guzón FM, González-Cantalapiedra A, González-Fernández PM, Otero Pérez R, Serra Rodríguez JA. Application of Shark Teeth-Derived Bioapatites as a Bone Substitute in Veterinary Orthopedics. Preliminary Clinical Trial in Dogs and Cats. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:574017. [PMID: 33195569 PMCID: PMC7655648 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.574017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The autograft is still considered the gold standard for the treatment of bone defects. However, given the significant morbidity of the donor site with which it has been associated, alternative substitutes for bone grafts have been developed. In the present study, a bone substitute composed of CaP biphasic bioceramics obtained from shark teeth was used (BIOFAST-VET). Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a marine bioapatite in the veterinary clinical field using it as a bone-grafting scaffold in dogs and cats. Methods: The biomaterial was randomly distributed in 6 veterinary clinical centers in Spain and was used in 24 cases (20 dogs and 4 cats) including 14 fractures, 9 arthrodesis, and 1 bone cyst. Grains between 500 and 2,000 μm were used. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established. The time of consolidation and functional recovery were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. For this, a follow-up was carried out at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, included radiographic images, physical examination and sharing the feedback with the owners. Results: Nineteen cases completed the study (18 dogs and 1 cat; 11 fractures, 7 arthrodesis, and 1 bone cyst). The remaining five were excluded because they did not complete the radiographic follow-up (three cats and two dogs), being three arthrodesis and two fractures. In 18 of 19 cases, the use of the biomaterial was successful; the remaining one failed due to causes not related to the biomaterial. There were no systemic or local adverse reactions. Eighteen patients had a good functional recovery. The average consolidation time was 5.94 weeks in dogs with fractures and arthrodesis, not finding statistically significant differences between sex, weight, and procedure. Conclusions: This biomaterial is presented as a very suitable candidate for orthopedic surgery in the veterinary field. Preliminary results showed that its use reduces consolidation time in dogs with fractures and arthrodesis. In addition, no adverse systemic or local reactions have been observed derived from its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario García-González
- Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | | | | | - Pío Manuel González-Fernández
- New Materials Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Julia Asunción Serra Rodríguez
- New Materials Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
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Effects of electromagnetic fields treatment on rat critical-sized calvarial defects with a 3D-printed composite scaffold. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:433. [PMID: 33023631 PMCID: PMC7542469 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current strategies for craniofacial defect are faced with unmet outcome. Combining 3D-printing with safe, noninvasive magnetic therapy could be a promising breakthrough. METHODS In this study, polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite (PLA/HA) composite scaffold was fabricated. After seeding rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on scaffolds, the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs were investigated. Additionally, 6-mm critical-sized calvarial defect was created in rats. BMSC-laden scaffolds were implanted into the defects with or without EMF treatment. RESULTS Our results showed that PLA/HA composite scaffolds exhibited uniform porous structure, high porosity (~ 70%), suitable compression strength (31.18 ± 4.86 MPa), modulus of elasticity (10.12 ± 1.24 GPa), and excellent cyto-compatibility. The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs cultured on the scaffolds were enhanced with EMF treatment. Mechanistically, EMF exposure functioned partly by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or MAPK-associated ERK and JNK pathways. In vivo, significantly higher new bone formation and vascularization were observed in groups involving scaffold, BMSCs, and EMF treatment, compared to scaffold alone. Furthermore, after 12 weeks of implanting, craniums in groups including scaffold, BMSCs, and EMF exposure showed the greatest biomechanical properties. CONCLUSION In conclusion, EMF treatment combined with 3D-printed scaffold has great potential applications in craniofacial regeneration.
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Dias GJ, Ramesh N, Neilson L, Cornwall J, Kelly RJ, Anderson GM. The adaptive immune response to porous regenerated keratin as a bone graft substitute in an ovine model. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:100-106. [PMID: 32980411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reconstituted keratin is a novel bone graft material when prepared as a rigid scaffold. Understanding the immunogenicity of this material is important to determine whether this substance is a viable surgical option. Previous studies have shown no innate immune system activation in response to reconstituted keratin implants. To examine antibody-mediated immune responses to reconstituted keratin implants, bone and blood samples were taken from twelve sheep with surgically created tibial defects containing such implants. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA of the inflammatory marker SOCS 3 in local bony tissue, and a novel immunohistochemistry assay developed to detect antikeratin antibodies in serum. Two animals were sacrificed per time-point at weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12. Time points for serum analysis included baseline (pre-surgery) and all other time points; mRNA analysis examined samples from all time points. No upregulation in antikeratin antibodies or SOCS 3 mRNA was observed at any time point, indicating that reconstituted keratin implants do not trigger an adaptive immune response in vivo in an ovine model. These findings provide the platform for further development of keratin implants in other mammalian models to define its immunogenic profile and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dias
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Niranjan Ramesh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Laura Neilson
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jon Cornwall
- Centre for Early Learning in Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Kelly
- Lincoln Agritech Ltd., Lincoln, Christchurch 7640, New Zealand
| | - Greg M Anderson
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Wei Y, Gao H, Hao L, Shi X, Wang Y. Constructing a Sr 2+-Substituted Surface Hydroxyapatite Hexagon-Like Microarray on 3D-Plotted Hydroxyapatite Scaffold to Regulate Osteogenic Differentiation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1672. [PMID: 32859069 PMCID: PMC7559340 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface topography and chemical characteristics can regulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and decrease the bone-healing time. However, the synergetic function of the surface structure and chemical cues in bone-regeneration repair was rarely studied. Herein, a strontium ion (Sr2+)-substituted surface hydroxyapatite (HA) hexagon-like microarray was successfully constructed on 3D-plotted HA porous scaffold through hydrothermal reaction to generate topography and chemical dual cues. The crystal phase of the Sr2+-substituted surface microarray was HA, while the lattice constant of the Sr2+-substituted microarray increased with increasing Sr2+-substituted amount. Sr2+-substituted microarray could achieve the sustainable release of Sr2+, which could effectively promote osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) even without osteogenic-induced media. Osteogenic characteristics were optimally enhanced using the higher Sr2+-substituted surface microarray (8Sr-HA). Sr2+-substituted microarray on the scaffold surface could future improve the osteogenic performance of HA porous scaffold. These results indicated that the Sr2+-substituted HA surface hexagon-like microarray on 3D-plotted HA scaffolds had promising biological performance for bone-regeneration repair scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Huichang Gao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Lijing Hao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Karimi M, Mesgar AS, Mohammadi Z. Development of osteogenic chitosan/alginate scaffolds reinforced with silicocarnotite containing apatitic fibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:055020. [PMID: 32438355 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab954f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porous composite scaffolds of chitosan-alginate (CH-AL) reinforced by biphasic calcium phosphate fibers containing silicon (Si) were prepared using the freeze-drying method. The fibers were synthesized using a homogenous precipitation method with differing reaction times and were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and ICP-OES. Fibers produced with no Si incorporation using two different reaction times of 4 d and 8 d comprised two phases of hydroxyapatite (∼93-96 wt%) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). No new phases were observed by adding 0.8 wt% of Si during 4 d of precipitation. However, the addition of Si to fibers synthesized within 8 d under reflux conditions produced biphasic fibers with 1.9 wt% Si which consisted of a new phase of silicocarnotite (∼94 wt%) associated with the β-TCP phase. The whisker-like fibers were 10-200 µm in length and 0.2-5 µm in width. The physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of composite scaffolds fabricated by adding different fiber contents and types were investigated. The scaffolds exhibited favorable microstructures with a high porosity (66-88%) and the interconnected pores varied in size between 40 and 250 µm. Scaffolds containing silicocarnotite showed a significant improvement in their mechanical properties and in vitro bioactivity (using SBF testing and characterization of the apatite layer by ATR-FTIR and SEM/EDS) as well as proliferation, mineralization and adhesion of MG63 cells, when evaluated by MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase, and SEM. Scaffolds reinforced with silicocarnotite fibers also exhibited better mechanical properties and water uptake, compared to ones containing incorporated fibers made of Si. Composite scaffolds reinforced by 50 wt% fibers precipitated after 8 d were superior in terms of their mechanical properties and achieved a compressive strength and modulus of 272 kPa and 4.9 MPa, respectively, which is 400% greater than CH-AL scaffolds. The results indicate that the addition of Si into biphasic fibers, leading to the formation of silicocarnotite, makes silicocarnotite a potential candidate for the bioactive reinforcement of composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Karimi
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Yue S, He H, Li B, Hou T. Hydrogel as a Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1511. [PMID: 32752105 PMCID: PMC7466535 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe bone damage from diseases, including extensive trauma, fractures, and bone tumors, cannot self-heal, while traditional surgical treatment may bring side effects such as infection, inflammation, and pain. As a new biomaterial with controllable mechanical properties and biocompatibility, hydrogel is widely used in bone tissue engineering (BTE) as a scaffold for growth factor transport and cell adhesion. In order to make hydrogel more suitable for the local treatment of bone diseases, hydrogel preparation methods should be combined with synthetic materials with excellent properties and advanced technologies in different fields to better control drug release in time and orientation. It is necessary to establish a complete method to evaluate the hydrogel's properties and biocompatibility with the human body. Moreover, establishment of standard animal models of bone defects helps in studying the therapeutic effect of hydrogels on bone repair, as well as to evaluate the safety and suitability of hydrogels. Thus, this review aims to systematically summarize current studies of hydrogels in BTE, including the mechanisms for promoting bone synthesis, design, and preparation; characterization and evaluation methods; as well as to explore future applications of hydrogels in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 43000, China
| | - Hui He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 43000, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 43000, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 43000, China
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Preliminary In Vitro Evaluation of Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Scaffolds on Osteoblastic Adhesion, Proliferation, and Early Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155202. [PMID: 32708043 PMCID: PMC7432284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An ideal scaffold should be biocompatible, having appropriate microstructure, excellent mechanical strength yet degrades. Chitosan exhibits most of these exceptional properties, but it is always associated with sub-optimal cytocompatibility. This study aimed to incorporate graphene oxide at wt % of 0, 2, 4, and 6 into chitosan matrix via direct blending of chitosan solution and graphene oxide, freezing, and freeze drying. Cell fixation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, alkaline phosphatase colorimetric assays were conducted to assess cell adhesion, proliferation, and early differentiation of MG63 on chitosan–graphene oxide scaffolds respectively. The presence of alkaline phosphatase, an early osteoblast differentiation marker, was further detected in chitosan–graphene oxide scaffolds using western blot. These results strongly supported that chitosan scaffolds loaded with graphene oxide at 2 wt % mediated cell adhesion, proliferation, and early differentiation due to the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups of graphene oxide. Therefore, chitosan scaffolds loaded with graphene oxide at 2 wt % showed the potential to be developed into functional bone scaffolds.
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