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Pyszko P, Šigutová H, Kolařík M, Kostovčík M, Ševčík J, Šigut M, Višňovská D, Drozd P. Mycobiomes of two distinct clades of ambrosia gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) are species-specific in larvae but similar in nutritive mycelia. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0283023. [PMID: 38095510 PMCID: PMC10782975 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02830-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Ambrosia gall midges are endophagous insect herbivores whose larvae live enclosed within a single gall for their entire development period. They may exhibit phytomycetophagy, a remarkable feeding mode that involves the consumption of plant biomass and mycelia of their cultivated gall symbionts. Thus, AGMs are ideal model organisms for studying the role of microorganisms in the evolution of host specificity in insects. However, compared to other fungus-farming insects, insect-fungus mutualism in AGMs has been neglected. Our study is the first to use DNA metabarcoding to characterize the complete mycobiome of the entire system of the gall-forming insects as we profiled gall surfaces, nutritive mycelia, and larvae. Interestingly, larval mycobiomes were significantly different from their nutritive mycelia, although Botryosphaeria dothidea dominated the nutritive mycelia, regardless of the evolutionary separation of the tribes studied. Therefore, we confirmed a long-time hypothesized paradigm for the important evolutionary association of this fungus with AGMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pyszko
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šigutová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kostovčík
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ševčík
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šigut
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Višňovská
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drozd
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Cardoso JCF, Gonçalves PHP, Oliveira DC, Rezende UC. Host plant intraspecific variation determines gall traits. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:208-214. [PMID: 36184888 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Galls display a multiplicity of traits, including colours, which are driven by pigment accumulation. Their conspicuousness has attracted researchers' attention and several hypotheses have been raised. However, plants themselves vary intra-specifically, including in their pigment concentrations. As galls are a result of host tissue development, colours may be a by-product of the host's own traits, being more conspicuous simply because the sites where galls develop already have the predisposition to accumulate more pigment. Here, we call this the host variation hypothesis. We test this hypothesis using the system of galls induced by Palaeomystella oligophaga on Macairea radula host plant. Using spectrophotometry, we calculated the Anthocyanin Reflectance Index (ARI) of gall projections, which are responsible for their characteristic colours. We tested the influence of occupant identity (galling insect or any natural enemy), gall volume, parenchyma thickness, height from the ground, ARI of leaf, ARI of gall surface and ARI of the respective stem. We corroborated the host variation hypothesis since the anthocyanin content in stems and in galls' projections were positively related. Moreover, anthocyanin in galls' projections was positively related to anthocyanin in the gall surface and negatively related to gall volume and parenchyma thickness. This shows that, besides the host specificities, galls' own traits may also be responsible for pigment accumulation, influencing their colours. In this study, using colour as an example, we show that although galls tend to be considered complex expressions of galling insects' stimuli, their traits may be simply influenced by previous and specific attributes of the host organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C F Cardoso
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - P H P Gonçalves
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D C Oliveira
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - U C Rezende
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Liu Y, Xu L, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Fang D, Zheng X, Yang Z, Lu M. Isolation, Identification, and Analysis of Potential Functions of Culturable Bacteria Associated with an Invasive Gall Wasp, Leptocybe invasa. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:151-166. [PMID: 33758980 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Symbioses between invasive insects and bacteria are one of the key drivers of insect invasion success. Gall-inducing insects stimulate host plants to produce galls, which affects the normal growth of plants. Leptocybe invasa Fisher et La Salle, an invasive gall-inducing wasp, mainly damages Eucalyptus plantations in Southern China, but little is known about its associated bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of bacterial communities at different developmental stages of L. invasa and to identify possible ecological functions of the associated bacteria. Bacteria associated with L. invasa were isolated using culture-dependent methods and their taxonomic statuses were determined by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 88 species belonging to four phyla, 27 families, and 44 genera were identified by phylogenetic analysis. The four phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, mainly from the genera Pantoea, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Curtobacterium, Sphingobium, Klebsiella, and Rhizobium. Among them, 72 species were isolated in the insect gall stage and 46 species were isolated from the adult stage. The most abundant bacterial species were γ-Proteobacteria. We found significant differences in total bacterial counts and community compositions at different developmental stages, and identified possible ecological roles of L. invasa-associated bacteria. This study is the first to systematically investigate the associated bacteria of L. invasa using culture-dependent methods, and provides a reference for other gall-inducing insects and associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Letian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhouqiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongyou Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongxue Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xialin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhende Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Bragança GPP, Ferreira BG, Isaias RMDS. Distinct cytological mechanisms for food availability in three Inga ingoides (Fabaceae)-Cecidomyiidae gall systems. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:155-162. [PMID: 33907892 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gall cytological, metabolic, and structural traits are established due to the feeding habits of the associated galling herbivores, and sometimes are influenced by other organisms involved in the interaction. We tested this assumption on three gall morphotypes, the globoid, the lenticular, and the fusiform, induced by Cecidomyiidae on leaflets of Inga ingoides (Rich.) Willd. (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae). Taking for granted that the three Cecidomyiidae galls are induced on the same host plant and organ, we assume that the cytological and histochemical traits of their nutritive cells may be similar, but under the fungi influence, the ambrosia gall cytological profile may be peculiar and reflect on the accumulation of primary metabolites. The ambrosia globoid galls involve three organisms (host plant, gall inducer, and fungi), while the fusiform and the lenticular galls involve two organisms (host plant and gall inducer). The accumulation of primary metabolites is similar among the three gall morphotypes, except for the non-detection of reducing sugars in the fusiform galls. The fungi presence can impact the system but does not define exclusive features for the ambrosia globoid galls when compared to the lenticular and fusiform morphotypes. In fact, the cytological traits have revealed three different cytological mechanisms for food resources availability to the three galling Cecidomyiidae: (a) cell wall destructuring and cell death by fungi intermediation in the ambrosia globoid galls, (b) necrosis-type cell death in the fusiform galls, and (c) maintenance of continuous metabolic activity in the lenticular galls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracielle Pereira Pimenta Bragança
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa postal 486, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruno Garcia Ferreira
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Rosy Mary Dos Santos Isaias
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa postal 486, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil.
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Santos MG, Hanson P, Maia VC, Mehltreter K. A Review of Galls on Ferns and Lycophytes. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:53-60. [PMID: 30561603 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fern-insect interactions have not received the same attention as angiosperm-insect interactions have. It has even been stated that ferns may have very few interactions with animals because of their lack of flowers, fruits, and seeds. Consequently, for many decades fern-insect interactions have been overlooked and underestimated, especially for highly developed interactions such as those with gall-formers. The present work aims to review the galls of ferns and lycophytes worldwide, to provide an updated checklist including unpublished data and to estimate the global gall diversity of ferns and lycophytes. We recorded 93 host species, belonging to 41 genera. Galls were found in 20 fern families and one lycophyte family (Selaginellaceae). Most galls occur within the more derived ferns of the order Polypodiales, especially the fern families Polypodiaceae (21 host species), Dryopteridaceae (14 host species) and Athyriaceae (11 host species). Thirty-eight of the 133 gall morphotypes were induced by mites and 95 by insects of six orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, and Hemiptera). Among the insects, Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) caused most of the galls (35 morphotypes). So far, most galls have been reported from the Neotropical region (40 spp.) and Oriental region (28 spp.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Guerra Santos
- Faculdade de Formação de Professores, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Dr. Francisco Portela, Brazil
| | - Paul Hanson
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Valeria Cid Maia
- Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Klaus Mehltreter
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Red de Ecología Funcional. Carretera antigua a Coatepec, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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