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Díaz-Rodríguez MV, Perelló VBI, Granero-Molina J, Fernández-Medina IM, Ventura-Miranda MI, Jiménez-Lasserrotte MDM. Insights from a Qualitative Exploration of Adolescents' Opinions on Sex Education. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:110. [PMID: 38255423 PMCID: PMC10814457 DOI: 10.3390/children11010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a crucial time in the development of young people's identity, and sexuality is a key issue. Comprehensive sex education provides the knowledge and skills to help adolescents protect their sexual and reproductive health and rights. Policies on sex education in secondary schools are highly influential in the development of quality programmes that support comprehensive sex education. The aim of this study was to explore, describe and understand adolescents' experiences of sex education. METHODS A qualitative study based on Gadamer's phenomenology was used. Two focus groups and four in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 private school students, followed by inductive data analysis using ATLAS.ti software 9.0. RESULTS Two main themes were identified in the analysis: (1) sex education is a challenge for secondary schools and (2) student expectations of sex education. CONCLUSION It is essential for adolescents to have access to comprehensive sex education that is adapted to the different stages of their development, is provided by specialised teachers, and involves their families in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicent Bataller i Perelló
- Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.V.D.-R.); (V.B.i.P.)
| | - José Granero-Molina
- Department of Nursing Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (I.M.F.-M.); (M.I.V.-M.); (M.d.M.J.-L.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500000, Chile
| | - Isabel María Fernández-Medina
- Department of Nursing Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (I.M.F.-M.); (M.I.V.-M.); (M.d.M.J.-L.)
| | - María Isabel Ventura-Miranda
- Department of Nursing Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (I.M.F.-M.); (M.I.V.-M.); (M.d.M.J.-L.)
| | - María del Mar Jiménez-Lasserrotte
- Department of Nursing Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (I.M.F.-M.); (M.I.V.-M.); (M.d.M.J.-L.)
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Villalobos A, Estrada F, Hubert C, Torres-Ibarra L, Rodríguez A, Romero I, Schiavon R, Campero L. Sexual and reproductive health among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Mexico: Needs, knowledge, and rights. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002396. [PMID: 37910453 PMCID: PMC10619806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring sexual and reproductive health, and rights for adolescents entails the prevention of early pregnancies, which are widely recognized as a public health problem. Based on the ecological model for early pregnancy, this article identifies the healthcare requirements for preventing unintended adolescent pregnancies in predominantly indigenous communities in Chiapas, Mexico. Using a convergent parallel mixed-methods study design, we surveyed adolescents (12-15 years old) and health personnel, organized focus groups with adolescents and their parents, and conducted in-depth interviews at the individual, family, school and community levels. Results showed that adolescents recognized their right to receive sexuality education (64.5%) as well as information on contraceptive methods (53.0%), with indigenous language speakers and individuals living in overcrowded households less likely to know about these rights. Parents of adolescents knew little about contraception and pregnancy. School teachers lacked necessary tools for offering comprehensive sexuality education. A traditional, patriarchal perspective predominated among participants, fostering gender inequalities. In conclusion, it is essential to implement multifocal strategies under a human-rights, intercultural, and health-equity approach. Special attention should be directed to the spheres in which adolescents interact, and efforts should focus on improving knowledge, empowering adolescents, and enhancing their access to sexual and reproductive health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aremis Villalobos
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Celia Hubert
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Leticia Torres-Ibarra
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Irma Romero
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Lourdes Campero
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
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Mbarushimana V, Goldstein S, Conco DN. "Not just the consequences, but also the pleasurable sex": a review of the content of comprehensive sexuality education for early adolescents in Rwanda. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:49. [PMID: 36609366 PMCID: PMC9824976 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Responding to adolescents' educational needs in sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) is central to their sexual health and achieved through school-based comprehensive sexuality education (CSE). In 2016, Rwanda introduced CSE through the competence-based curriculum in schools to enhance learners' knowledge about sexuality, gender, and reproductive health issues, including HIV/AIDS. However, globally, the content of CSE is sometimes dissimilar, and little evidence surrounds its scope in many settings, including Rwanda. In addition, the extent to which CSE aligns with international guidelines has yet to be well known. This study assesses major areas of CSE for early adolescents in Rwanda, analyses how CSE correlates with international guidelines and makes recommendations accordingly. METHODS We reviewed the Rwandan competence-based curriculum to map CSE competences for early adolescents and conducted semi-structured interviews with key informants (N = 16). Eleven of the 23 curriculum documents met the selection criteria and were included in the final review. We manually extracted data using a standard form in Microsoft Excel and analysed data using frequency tables and charts. Interviews were thematically analysed in NVivo 11 for Windows. FINDINGS We found 58 CSE competences for early adolescents across various subjects, increasing with school grades. All recommended CSE areas were addressed but to a variable extent. Most competences fall under four recommended areas: sexual and reproductive health; human body and development; values, rights, and sexuality; and understanding gender. The least represented area is violence and staying safe. Of the 27 expected topics, there are two to six CSE competences for 13 topics, one CSE competence for each of the six others, and none for the eight remaining ones. Qualitative findings support these findings and suggest additional content on locally controversial but recommended areas of sexual pleasure, orientation, desire and modern contraceptive methods. CONCLUSION This study explores the CSE content for early adolescents in Rwanda and how they align with sexuality education standards. Ensuring equal coverage of CSE areas and addressing missing topics may improve CSE content for this age group and foster their SRHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valens Mbarushimana
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ,grid.10818.300000 0004 0620 2260School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Susan Goldstein
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135SAMRC/Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, PRICELESS SA, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daphney Nozizwe Conco
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Construction and validation of a test of knowledge of contraceptive methods for adolescents. INTERACCIONES: REVISTA DE AVANCES EN PSICOLOGÍA 2021. [DOI: 10.24016/2021.v7.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Valid and reliable instruments are required to measure the level of information on contraceptive methods in adolescents to promote their correct use. Objective: To construct and validate a test of knowledge of contraceptive methods for adolescents between 15 and 19 years old. Method: A 36-item test was developed that included the different contraceptive methods and information on the characteristics, use, efficacy, advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Once validated by expert judges, a college in Ecatepec was randomly selected as data collection site. Students of the three school grades answered the test. Results: The test was applied to a total of 229 students between 15 and 19 years old (M = 16.22; SD = .978). The majority were women (66%), single (88.5%) and lived with their parents (62.9%). Of the 36 initial items, 31 showed discriminatory power between those who performed well on the test and those who did not. The difficulty index of the questionnaire was .45 and revealed a reliability index value of .739. Around 60% of the participants obtained a percentage below 50% of correct answers in the entire test. Only about 4% of participants got a percentage of correct responses higher than 70%. The categories of characteristics and use were those in which the participants performed best when answering 48% of these questions correctly. The worst was effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages with 33%. Conclusion: The test’s psychometric properties showed that it is a valid and reliable test for its application in Mexican adolescents. The results indicate that most adolescents of the simple do not have complete information about contraceptive methods and that they know the least about their effectiveness and side effects.
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Ramírez-Villalobos D, Monterubio-Flores EA, Gonzalez-Vazquez TT, Molina-Rodríguez JF, Ruelas-González MG, Alcalde-Rabanal JE. Delaying sexual onset: outcome of a comprehensive sexuality education initiative for adolescents in public schools. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1439. [PMID: 34289834 PMCID: PMC8296525 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common risk behavior in adolescence is the early initiation of unprotected sex that exposes adolescents to an unplanned pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections. Schools are an ideal place to strengthen adolescents' sexual knowledge and modify their behavior, guiding them to exercise responsible sexuality. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the knowledge of public secondary school teachers who received training in comprehensive education in sexuality (CES) and estimate the counseling's effect on students' sexual behavior. METHODS Seventy-five public school teachers were trained in participatory and innovative techniques for CES. The change in teacher knowledge (n = 75) was assessed before and after the training using t-tests, Wilcoxon ranks tests and a Generalized Estimate Equation model. The students' sexual and reproductive behavior was evaluated in intervention (n = 650) and comparison schools (n = 555). We fit a logistic regression model using the students' sexual debut as a dependent variable. RESULTS Teachers increased their knowledge of sexuality after training from 5.3 to 6.1 (p < 0.01). 83.3% of students in the intervention school reported using a contraceptive method in their last sexual relation, while 58.3% did so in the comparison schools. The students in comparison schools were 4.7 (p < 0.01) times more likely to start sexual initiation than students in the intervention schools. CONCLUSION Training in CES improved teachers' knowledge about sexual and reproductive health. Students who received counseling from teachers who were trained in participatory and innovative techniques for CES used more contraceptive protection and delayed sexual debut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Ramírez-Villalobos
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María de Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Eric Alejandro Monterubio-Flores
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María de Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Tomás Gonzalez-Vazquez
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María de Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Juan Francisco Molina-Rodríguez
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María de Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Ma. Guadalupe Ruelas-González
- Center for Evaluation and Survey Research, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos México
| | - Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María de Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
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Hersh AR, Saavedra-Avendaño B, Schiavon R, Darney BG. Sexuality Education During Adolescence and Use of Modern Contraception at First Sexual Intercourse Among Mexican Women. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:667-673. [PMID: 31477509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mexico has implemented comprehensive sexuality education. We hypothesized that young women who received sexuality education as adolescents would be more likely to report modern contraceptive use at first sexual intercourse. METHODS We used a nationally representative survey of Mexican women aged 20-24 years who were asked about experiences during adolescence. We defined our treatment variable in three mutually exclusive groups: comprehensive sexuality education (receipt of education in nine topics); incomplete sexuality education (receipt of at least one topic in each of three themes); or no sexuality education. Our outcome was use of modern contraception at first sexual intercourse. We included individual- and household-level sociodemographic factors. All presented data used survey weights. We used multivariable logistic regression and predicted probabilities to estimate the association between sexuality education and using modern contraception at first intercourse. RESULTS In our sample (n = 2,725; population N = 4,008,722), 60.6% of participants reported receipt of comprehensive, 15.6% of incomplete, and 23.9% of no sexuality education; 62.5% reported utilizing a modern method of contraception at first intercourse. Women who reported receiving comprehensive (adjusted odds ratio: 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7, 3.2) or incomplete (adjusted odds ratio: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.2) sexuality education had higher odds of using contraception at first intercourse compared with no sexuality education. The absolute multivariable probabilities of using modern contraception at first intercourse were 57.5% (95% CI: 55.2%-59.8%), 60.4% (95% CI: 56.0%-64.9%), and 37.6% (95% CI: 33.9%-41.3%) among comprehensive, incomplete, and no sexuality education, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Sexuality education is associated with contraception use at first intercourse among young women in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R Hersh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
| | | | | | - Blair G Darney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Center for Population Health Research (CISP), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Hubert C, Villalobos A, Abreu AB, Suárez-López L, Castro FD. Factors associated with pregnancy and motherhood among Mexican women aged 15-24. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35:e00142318. [PMID: 31166540 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00142318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent pregnancy is associated with poor health and socioeconomic factors. The adolescent pregnancy rate in Mexico is the highest among the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. We aimed to explore the factors associated with pregnancies and births in adolescent and young adult women. Using the 2015 Mexican National Survey of Boys, Girls, and Women (ENIM), we examined two dichotomous outcomes: "ever pregnant" and "being a mother" in women from 15 to 19 years and from 20 to 24 years without pregnancies during adolescence. We conducted bivariate analysis for each age group and used general linear models (GLM) to assess the association between the outcome variables and selected socioeconomic variables. Among adolescents, school attendance and tertiary education significantly decreased the likelihood of ever having been pregnant or being mothers, while being married/cohabiting increased the likelihood. Older age at first intercourse was negatively associated with ever having been pregnant. For adult women, in addition to school attendance, tertiary education, and being married/cohabiting, the region of residence also showed a significant association with ever having been pregnant. Similar socioeconomic factors were associated with pregnancy and motherhood between adolescents and young adults. However, it was found that delaying sexual debut could reduce the adolescent pregnancy rate. Our results highlight the importance of attending school and attaining tertiary education in reducing adolescent fertility rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Hubert
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de México, México.,Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Aremis Villalobos
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana Basto Abreu
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leticia Suárez-López
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Filipa de Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Ciudad de México, México
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Chandra-Mouli V, Gómez Garbero L, Plesons M, Lang I, Corona Vargas E. Evolution and Resistance to Sexuality Education in Mexico. GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2018; 6:137-149. [PMID: 29602869 PMCID: PMC5878067 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-17-00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mexico's efforts at sexuality education have progressively evolved, from a biological focus in the socialist era in the 1930s, to adding a demographically concerned family planning component in the 1970s and including a wider reproductive health perspective in the 1990s, and finally shifting to a broader sociological context in the early 21st century. Opposition to sexuality education rose steadily in the time period considered, with a growing range of more organized and well-financed actors. Despite this opposition, alliances between academic, government, civil society, and NGO champions have helped ensure sustainability. Background: Since the 1930s, Mexico has made substantial progress in providing adolescents with sexuality education through an evolving national school-based program. As part of a broader effort to document strategies to build support for and deal with resistance to sexuality education, this analysis uses a historical lens to answer 2 key questions: (1) How has the nature of sexuality education in Mexico evolved from the 1930s to the 2010s? (2) How have the drivers, responses, support, and resistance to sexuality education impacted Mexico's experience implementing and sustaining school-based sexuality education? Methods: The analysis was informed by a review of peer-reviewed and gray literature as well as the personal experience and documents of one of the authors, who has played a central role in Mexico's sexuality education effort for 50 years. The findings were organized according to 4 time periods—the 1930s, the 1970s, the 1990s, and the first 2 decades of the 21st century—that emerged during the analysis as distinct periods with regard to the social and political context of school-based sexuality education. Within each of these time periods, the following 4 thematic aspects were assessed: drivers, responses, support, and resistance, with a particular focus on the rationales and strategies of resistance over time. Findings: This analysis identified determined support for school-based sexuality education in the 4 historical time periods from a range of governmental and nongovernmental stakeholders. However, opposition to sexuality education also steadily rose in the time period considered, with a growing range of more organized and well-financed actors. The Mexican government's commitment to delivering school-based sexuality education has driven its inclusion in public schools, along with expansion of its curricula from primarily biological content to a more comprehensive approach. Conclusion: Mexico's experience with sexuality education can inform other countries' efforts to consider the drivers, responses, support, and resistance that may be present in their own contexts. This type of analysis can contribute to strategic, well-informed, and well-conceived programmatic design and implementation to build support for sexuality education and deal with resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research/Human Reproduction Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Marina Plesons
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Now with Department of Reproductive Health and Research/Human Reproduction Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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de Castro F, Rojas-Martínez R, Villalobos-Hernández A, Allen-Leigh B, Breverman-Bronstein A, Billings DL, Uribe-Zúñiga P. Sexual and reproductive health outcomes are positively associated with comprehensive sexual education exposure in Mexican high-school students. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193780. [PMID: 29554152 PMCID: PMC5858848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe the comprehensive sex education (CSE) coverage and to evaluate a set of indicators related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with the seven components of the CSE framework among Mexican high-school students. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of students in public and private high schools in Mexico. Questions about CSE coverage and about knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to sexual health were included. We present descriptive statistics for demographic characteristics, exposure to CSE, and sexual health outcomes. We fitted a series of multivariate logistic regression models to examine the association between each CSE component exposure and sexual health outcomes, adjusting for age and sex. Results There were significant associations between being exposed to each CSE components and the related sexual health outcomes. The strongest one was for identifying effective contraceptives among those exposed to the Sexual and Reproductive Health component (SRH) (OR 4.10; 95%CI[2.93,5.75]). Also, students exposed to the relationships component had 20% higher odds of affirming they could convince their partner to use condoms (OR 1.20; 95%CI[1.05,1.36]). Conclusions This paper provides evidence of the potential beneficial effects of CSE on attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors regarding sexual and reproductive health among adolescents. In addition, it identifies areas that should be strengthened to increase the positive impact of CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa de Castro
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rosalba Rojas-Martínez
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- * E-mail: (RRM); (ABB)
| | | | - Betania Allen-Leigh
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ariela Breverman-Bronstein
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- * E-mail: (RRM); (ABB)
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Estrada F, Campero L, Suárez-López L, Vara-Salazar EDL, González-Chávez G. [Knowledge about pregnancy risk and self-efficacy in adolescent males: parental support and school factors]. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2017; 59:556-565. [PMID: 29267653 DOI: 10.21149/7959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the association between knowledge about pregnancy risk and self-efficacy in condom use with parental support and school factors in adolescent men. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study with 448 students in Puebla and Morelos. Two logistic models were adjusted. RESULTS Knowledge about pregnancy risk is associated with communication about sexuality between parents and sons (OR = 2.45, 95%CI 1.35-4.47), satisfaction with school (OR=2.18, 95%CI 1.15-4.13), if teachers talk about gender equity frequently/very frequently (OR=1.69, 95%CI 1.06-2.67) and with age (OR=1.77, 95%CI 1.26-2.50). Self-efficacy in condom use is statistical related with communication about sexuality between parents and sons (OR=1.80, 95%CI 1.01-3.20), satisfaction with school (OR=2.60, 95%CI 1.42-4.77), belong to middle socioeconomic level (OR=1.82, 95%CI 1.07-3.11) and live in a community with a high degree of marginalization (OR=0.47, 95%CI 0.30-0.73). CONCLUSIONS To study family and school support, considering the influence of the social environment, allows a greater understanding of skills acquisition for a preventive sexual behavior, in males during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Estrada
- Cátedra Conacyt, Dirección de Salud Reproductiva, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Lourdes Campero
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Leticia Suárez-López
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Elvia de la Vara-Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Guillermo González-Chávez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Villalobos A, Castro FD, Rojas R, Allen B. [Contraception in Mexican adolescents in upper secondary schools: use and unmet needs]. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2017; 59:566-576. [PMID: 29267654 DOI: 10.21149/8481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe sexual behavior and contraceptive use in adolescent students. MATERIALS AND METHODS National representative survey in upper secondary schools in Mexico 2014. Logistic regressions identify the factors associated with contraceptive use and unmet needs for contraception (UNC). RESULTS For male adolescents, non-contraceptive use in the last sexual relation is associated with non-contraceptive use in the sexual debut (OR=11.5; IC95%:5.6,23.4) and not recognizing effective contraceptive methods (OR=2.4;IC95%:1.04,5.5). For female adolescents, non-contraceptive use is associated with non-contraceptive use in sexual debut (OR=4.5;IC95%:2.3,8.4) and low self-efficacy towards condom use and negotiation (OR=3.1; IC95%:1.1,8.2). UNC were associated with insecure attitudes towards condom use and negotiation (OR=3.5;IC95%:1.3,9.4), non-contraceptive use in sexual debut (OR=9.0;IC95%:2.5,32.4) and use of alcohol or drugs during sexual relations (OR=3.0;IC95%:1.1,8.1). CONCLUSIONS Strategies to ensure contraceptive use from sexual debut onwards are required, promoting self-efficacy and safe sex practices among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aremis Villalobos
- Dirección de Salud Reproductiva, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. México
| | - Filipa de Castro
- Dirección de Salud Reproductiva, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. México
| | - Rosalba Rojas
- Dirección de Salud Reproductiva, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. México
| | - Betania Allen
- Dirección de Salud Reproductiva, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. México
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González-Castro TB, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Hernández-Díaz Y, Juárez-Rojop IE, León-Garibay AG, Guzmán-Priego CG, López-Narváez L, Frésan A. Characteristics of Mexican children and adolescents who died by suicide: A study of psychological autopsies. J Forensic Leg Med 2017; 52:236-240. [PMID: 29035840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, suicide in children and adolescents has increased considerably, becoming the second cause of death in this age group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify characteristics and factors that could precipitate deaths by suicide in children and adolescents. METHODS Using the psychological autopsy method, we studied 28 suicide cases of children and adolescents between 10 and 17 years old. Socio-demographic factors, characteristics of the suicide and family history were documented. RESULTS The proportion of deaths by suicide was the same in females and males (50% each). Most of the suicides were performed at the child/adolescent's home (78.6%) and no history of previous suicide attempts were registered (85.7%). Also, the majority of suicidal individuals came from a dysfunctional family (60.7%). CONCLUSIONS Our results identified characteristics of children and adolescents that had died by suicide, such as dying at their homes and coming from dysfunctional families. Knowing the characteristics of children and adolescents that had ended their lives by suicide should be considered in future studies to help developing preventive programs and strategies for treating suicidal behaviors in Mexican children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico.
| | - Yazmín Hernández-Díaz
- Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Isela E Juárez-Rojop
- Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Ana Frésan
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Allen-Leigh B, Hubert C, De Castro F, Villalobos A, Rojas R, Romero M, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Katz G, Lazcano-Ponce E. Prevalence of functioning difficulties and disability in Mexican adolescent women and their populational characteristics. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2017; 59:389-399. [DOI: 10.21149/8486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Report prevalence of functioning difficulties and disabilities among Mexican adolescent women 15-17 years old and identify differences in characteristics of those with and without a functioning difficulty or disability Materials and methods. Using data from the National Survey of Boys, Girls and Women in Mexico 2015 we estimated prevalence of functioning difficulties and disability and used chi square tests for independence and logistic regression to explore associations between this condition and various characteristics. Results. Of Mexican adolescent women 15-17 years old, 11.1% had a functioning difficulty or disability. The group of domains of functioning difficulty and disability with by far the highest prevalence was socio-emotional and behavioral functioning difficulties or disability with 8.6%. Being employed, rural residence and self-reported depression symptoms were associated with having functioning difficulties or disability. Conclusions. This survey constitutes an important initial step in collecting data on functioning difficulty and disability in Mexico although larger samples should be studied.
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