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Boehm JK, Qureshi F, Kubzansky LD. In the Words of Early Adolescents: A Novel Assessment of Positive Psychological Well-Being Predicts Young Adult Depressive Symptoms. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:713-719. [PMID: 38099898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given the burden of depression in young adulthood, identifying protective early life factors is important. Protective factors like positive psychological well-being may be challenging to assess via conventional methods if early adolescents lack personal insight or informants disagree. We investigated whether essays written by 11-year-olds could indicate the presence of positive psychological well-being and predict depressive symptom levels in young adulthood, beyond informant reports of problematic behaviors. METHODS Data were from 4,599 individuals in the 1958 National Child Development Study who wrote an essay at age 11 about how they imagined their life at age 25. Coders rated essays for seven facets of positive psychological well-being, which were averaged together (α = 0.92). Participants self-reported depressive symptoms (yes/no) at age 23 on the 24-item Malaise Inventory. Depressive symptoms were modeled as a sum, both continuously (range = 0-24) and dichotomously (depressed: total scores ≥8). Linear and logistic regressions adjusted for relevant age 11 covariates including teacher-reported internalizing and externalizing behaviors. RESULTS Unadjusted logistic regression showed a 1-SD higher positive psychological well-being score in early adolescence was associated with reduced odds of being depressed 12 years later (odds ratio = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [0.75, 0.93], p = .001). Associations remained when adjusting for all covariates (odds ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval [0.78, 0.98], p = .02); patterns were similar with continuous depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION A well-being measure derived from the words of 11-year-olds was associated with young adult depressive symptoms independent of teacher-reported internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Incorporating early adolescents' perspectives on positive functioning provides valuable information about current and future health beyond problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Boehm
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California.
| | - Farah Qureshi
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Michalek IM, Koczkodaj P, Michalek M, Caetano Dos Santos FL. Unveiling the silent crisis: global burden of suicide-related deaths among children aged 10-14 years. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:371-391. [PMID: 38238639 PMCID: PMC11052841 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise in suicides among children aged 10-14 years demands urgent attention globally. This study aims to assess the global burden of suicide-related deaths in this age group from 1990 to 2019, considering factors such as sex, geography, and sociodemographics, to inform prevention strategies and interventions. METHODS The data from Global Burden of Disease 2019, encompassing 204 countries and territories, were analyzed to investigate deaths and years of life lost (YLLs) due to suicide among children aged 10-14 years. Statistical analyses, including mortality rates, YLLs, and the sociodemographic index (SDI), were conducted using standardized tools. RESULTS In 2019, a total of 8327 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) = 7073-9685] children aged 10-14 years died globally due to suicide, with a mortality rate of 1.30 (95% UI = 1.10-1.51) per 100,000. The rates varied across countries/territories ranging between 0.05 (95% UI = 0.02-0.10) in South Africa and 7.49 (95% UI = 5.13-10.57) in Greenland. The contribution of suicide-related deaths to all-cause mortality ranged from 0.07% (95% UI = 0.04%-0.15%) in South Africa to 33.02% (95% UI = 24.36%-41.53%) in Greenland. Worldwide, there were approximately 636,196 (95% UI = 540,383-740,009) YLLs due to suicide, with a rate of 99.07 (95% UI = 84.15-115.23) per 100,000. The association between SDI and suicide-related deaths was evident, with higher contributions observed in countries with higher SDI. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a concerning global burden of suicide-related deaths among children aged 10-14 years. Despite progress in reducing mortality rates, suicide remains a significant issue. While overall rates have declined, the percentage of deaths caused by suicide in this age group is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmina Maria Michalek
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Primary Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, ul. Wawelska 15 B, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Pawel Koczkodaj
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Primary Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, ul. Wawelska 15 B, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Michalek
- Private Psychiatric Practice-Marzena Michalek, MD, Siedlce, Poland
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Wang M, Sun S, Liu X, Yang Y, Liu C, Huang A, Liu S. Interparental Conflict and Early Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: Parent-Child Triangulation as the Mediator and Grandparent Support as the Moderator. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:186-199. [PMID: 38091163 PMCID: PMC10761398 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
A notable ambiguity persists concerning whether distinct forms of parent-child triangulation (unstable coercive coalition, stable coalition, detouring-attacking, detouring supportive, parentification) might mediate the association between interparental conflict and early adolescent depressive symptoms similarly within the context of Chinese Confucianism. Filling this research gap, this study aimed to examine the mediating role of the five dimensions of parent-child triangulation in the association between interparental conflict and early adolescent depressive symptoms, as well as the moderating effect of grandparent support on this mediating pathway. Data were drawn from a sample of 761 Chinese adolescents (M age = 12.82 ± 0.47, 49.1% girls). Structural equation model analyses indicated that unstable coercive coalition, stable coalition, and detouring-attacking behaviors partially mediated the association between interparental conflict and adolescent depressive symptoms, while detouring-supportive behaviors and parentification did not demonstrate such mediating effects. Unlike Western societies, a negative correlation was observed between interparental conflict and parentification in the context of China. Grandparent support mitigated the adverse effects of both interparental conflict and the unstable coercive coalition on early adolescent depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Wang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Department of Student Affairs Management, Jining College, Qufu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Student Affairs Management, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Aodi Huang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Siwei Liu
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Yurtdaş Depboylu G, Kaner G, Süer M, Kanyılmaz M, Alpan D. Nutrition literacy status and its association with adherence to the Mediterranean diet, anthropometric parameters and lifestyle behaviours among early adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2108-2117. [PMID: 37622233 PMCID: PMC10564606 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate nutrition literacy status and its association with adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), anthropometric parameters and lifestyle behaviours among early adolescents. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. Nutrition literacy was evaluated using the 'Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale'. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h food recall. The 'Mediterranean Diet Quality Index' was used to evaluate adolescents' adherence to the MD. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Body weight, height, waist, hip and neck circumference were measured. SETTING Four secondary schools in İzmir, Türkiye. PARTICIPANTS The study included 1074 secondary school students. RESULTS Adolescents' nutrition literacy was at a moderate level. Nutrition literacy scores were significantly lower in those who skip main meals. Adolescents with high nutrition literacy had higher intakes of fibre, protein, protein, Ca, K, Mg, P, vitamin C, folate and Fe intake than those with low and moderate nutrition literacy (P < 0·05). According to IPAQ, active adolescents had higher nutrition literacy scores than inactive adolescents. There was no significant difference in BMI and anthropometric measurements of the adolescents according to their nutrition literacy level. Linear regression analysis showed that each unit increase in nutrition literacy increased adherence to the MD by 0·286 points (β = 0·286) and decreased total screen time by 0·182 points (β = -0·182). CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that nutrition literacy among early adolescents was not optimal, and a higher nutrition literacy score was significantly associated with higher MD adherence, and healthy eating habits and lifestyle behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Yurtdaş Depboylu
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics, İzmir35620, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Kaner
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics, İzmir35620, Turkey
| | - Melisa Süer
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics, İzmir35620, Turkey
| | - Mesude Kanyılmaz
- Department of Science Education, Çiğli Akiş Öğütçü Secondary School, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Alpan
- Department of English Language Teaching, Çiğli Akiş Öğütçü Secondary School, İzmir, Turkey
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Cadiz MP, Santos CE, Tibbe TD. A Longitudinal Mediation Analysis of the Interrelations among Exclusionary Immigration Policy, Ethnic Identity, and Self-Esteem of Latinx Early Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:2045-2060. [PMID: 37328609 PMCID: PMC10371921 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how exclusionary immigration laws affect ethnic identity and self-esteem among Latinx middle school students. Arizona's SB 1070, which required local officers to verify the legal status of detained individuals, garnered national attention for its impact on immigrant and Latinx communities. This study tested a longitudinal parallel multiple mediation model where perceptions of the effects of an exclusionary immigration law (Arizona's SB 1070) on self-esteem were mediated by dimensions of ethnic identity (ethnic centrality, ethnic private regard, ethnic public regard). Data were collected from a two-wave survey of 891 early adolescents ranging in age from 10 to 14 years (M = 12.09 years; SD = 0.99), a majority (71%) of whom were of Mexican descent. Analyses revealed an indirect effect of T1 perceptions of this law on T2 self-esteem (7 months later), holding T1 measures constant, with T2 ethnic centrality, private regard, and public regard acting as mediators. Perceived effects of this exclusionary law led to increased self-esteem through increased dimensions of ethnic identity. Results reveal how ethnic identity functions as a multidimensional construct in the process through which exclusionary immigration policy may impact the self-esteem of Latinx early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna P Cadiz
- Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Carlos E Santos
- Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tristan D Tibbe
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Brody GH, Yu T, Miller GE, Chen E. Longitudinal links between early adolescent temperament and inflammation among young black adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 152:106077. [PMID: 36931166 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
A large body of research demonstrates that inflammation is involved in physical health problems that cause substantial morbidity and early mortality. Given inflammation's role in the etiology of chronic diseases, pediatric scientists have begun to study childhood factors that presage elevation of inflammatory biomarkers later in life. The purpose of this study was to test hypotheses designed to determine whether early adolescent emotionally intense and low attention temperaments forecast (a) inflammation at ages 25 and 29 years and (b) worsening levels of inflammation between these two data points. Toward this end, 307 Black children from the rural southeastern United States participated in an 18-year longitudinal study (mean age at baseline, 11.2 years) to determine whether and how early adolescent's behavioral styles or emotionally intense and low attention temperaments may be associated with absolute and worsening levels of inflammation in young adulthood. When children were 11-13 years of age, different teachers at each age provided assessments of emotionally intense and low attention temperaments. Thus, multiple measures of the same temperament constructs were obtained across 3 years for each participant. At age 25, participants provided data on their self-regulation abilities. Peripheral blood was collected at ages 25 and 29 years from which inflammation was quantified, using soluble urokinase plasminogen activator (suPAR), the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Covariates associated with inflammation in prior studies were also assessed; these included socioeconomic risk, gender, cigarette smoking, body mass index (BMI), adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), depressive symptoms, and medication use. An early adolescent emotionally intense temperament was associated directly with higher suPAR and cytokine levels at age 29, and with worsening cytokine levels between ages 25 and 29. A low attention temperament was associated with suPAR levels at age 29. Collectively, these observations highlight pathways that could underlie health risks associated with early adolescent temperaments. The findings suggest that emotionally intense and low-attention early adolescent temperaments forecast higher and worsening inflammation levels across young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene H Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Mbarushimana V, Goldstein S, Conco DN. "Not just the consequences, but also the pleasurable sex": a review of the content of comprehensive sexuality education for early adolescents in Rwanda. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:49. [PMID: 36609366 PMCID: PMC9824976 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Responding to adolescents' educational needs in sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) is central to their sexual health and achieved through school-based comprehensive sexuality education (CSE). In 2016, Rwanda introduced CSE through the competence-based curriculum in schools to enhance learners' knowledge about sexuality, gender, and reproductive health issues, including HIV/AIDS. However, globally, the content of CSE is sometimes dissimilar, and little evidence surrounds its scope in many settings, including Rwanda. In addition, the extent to which CSE aligns with international guidelines has yet to be well known. This study assesses major areas of CSE for early adolescents in Rwanda, analyses how CSE correlates with international guidelines and makes recommendations accordingly. METHODS We reviewed the Rwandan competence-based curriculum to map CSE competences for early adolescents and conducted semi-structured interviews with key informants (N = 16). Eleven of the 23 curriculum documents met the selection criteria and were included in the final review. We manually extracted data using a standard form in Microsoft Excel and analysed data using frequency tables and charts. Interviews were thematically analysed in NVivo 11 for Windows. FINDINGS We found 58 CSE competences for early adolescents across various subjects, increasing with school grades. All recommended CSE areas were addressed but to a variable extent. Most competences fall under four recommended areas: sexual and reproductive health; human body and development; values, rights, and sexuality; and understanding gender. The least represented area is violence and staying safe. Of the 27 expected topics, there are two to six CSE competences for 13 topics, one CSE competence for each of the six others, and none for the eight remaining ones. Qualitative findings support these findings and suggest additional content on locally controversial but recommended areas of sexual pleasure, orientation, desire and modern contraceptive methods. CONCLUSION This study explores the CSE content for early adolescents in Rwanda and how they align with sexuality education standards. Ensuring equal coverage of CSE areas and addressing missing topics may improve CSE content for this age group and foster their SRHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valens Mbarushimana
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ,grid.10818.300000 0004 0620 2260School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Susan Goldstein
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135SAMRC/Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, PRICELESS SA, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daphney Nozizwe Conco
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Qin C, Cheng X, Huang Y, Xu S, Liu K, Tian M, Liao X, Zhou X, Xiang B, Lei W, Chen J. Character strengths as protective factors against behavior problems in early adolescent. Psicol Reflex Crit 2022; 35:16. [PMID: 35641705 PMCID: PMC9156651 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-022-00217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Character strengths could effectively prevent negative psychological outcomes in adults. However, there was little research conducted among early adolescents. The present study aimed to explore character strengths that were independently related to fewer behavior problems in early adolescents. In total, 521 early adolescents (mean age 10.92 ± 0.04, range 10-12 years) were recruited from primary schools in Sichuan, China. Character strengths were measured using the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth (VIA-Youth). Behavior problems were measured using the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ). The results showed that behavior problems were negatively correlated with character strengths (r = -0.14 to -0.3, p < 0.05 Bonferroni corrected). Character strengths explained a significant proportion of additional variance (14-22%) in five types of behavior problems after controlling the effect of demographic factors (residence, left-behind experiences, maternal education level). Moreover, several specific character strengths showed an independent contribution (β = -0.34 to -0.14 for self-regulation, perseverance, zest, humility, and leadership; β = 0.21 to 0.34, for hope; all p < 0.05) to behavior problems. Our study revealed that character strengths were protective factors against behavior problems in early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Huang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Kezhi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyuan Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.
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Zhang Y, Hurtado GA, Flores R, Alba-Meraz A, Reicks M. Latino Fathers' Perspectives and Parenting Practices Regarding Eating, Physical Activity, and Screen Time Behaviors of Early Adolescent Children: Focus Group Findings. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:2070-2080. [PMID: 29945853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Involvement of Latino fathers in food and activity parenting practices has implications for child obesity prevention yet remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore Latino fathers' perspectives and parenting experiences regarding early adolescents' eating, physical activity, and screen-time behaviors using the focus group method. DESIGN Twenty-six fathers (primarily Mexican-American men) of 10- to 14-year-old children participated in one of four focus groups between March and October 2016. Focus groups were conducted in Spanish by male moderators. PARTICIPANTS/SETTINGS A convenience sample was recruited from three community centers and one charter school in Minneapolis/St Paul, MN. ANALYSIS Audiotaped focus groups were transcribed verbatim in Spanish and translated to English; transcripts were coded and analyzed for themes based on the grounded theory approach. RESULTS Three themes emerged including 1) paternal beliefs and concerns about early adolescents' diet, physical activity, and screen time; 2) paternal food and activity parenting practices; and 3) factors that may influence paternal involvement in promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors. Father-reported food and activity parenting practices included setting expectations and limits, role modeling, managing availability and accessibility, teaching and reasoning, monitoring, motivating, and doing things together. Factors influencing paternal involvement were identified at intrapersonal, interpersonal, and social-environmental levels, which included paternal dietary and activity behaviors, self-efficacy, time and financial constraints, parental congruency, child resistance, perceived gender role, and environmental challenges. CONCLUSIONS Fathers identified eight major food and activity parenting practices they use to promote a healthy lifestyle for their adolescent children and factors that influence their involvement. Health care professionals can use this information to provide culturally appropriate and specific interventions for Latino American fathers of young adolescents.
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Longobardi C, Iotti NO, Jungert T, Settanni M. Student-teacher relationships and bullying: The role of student social status. J Adolesc 2017; 63:1-10. [PMID: 29222968 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Student-teacher relationships have been shown to influence bullying-related behaviors in students. This study considered the moderating role of students' social statuses in the classroom. The study sample included 435 students (48.7% females) taken from 18 Italian middle-school classrooms (i.e., sixth to eighth grade). A multigroup path analysis approach was employed to examine whether the effects of the student-teacher relationships on bullying-related behaviors differed among social statuses. The results showed that perceived conflict with the teacher was shown to have a significant positive effect on students' engagement in active bullying for students from all the statuses, except for neglected students. In particular, this effect was more relevant for rejected students. The results showed that social status and student-teacher relationships integrate and shed light on which roles are taken by young adolescents in school bullying, highlighting that it is important for the teachers to recognize these students.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Longobardi
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - N O Iotti
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - T Jungert
- University of Lund, Department of Psychology, Sweden
| | - M Settanni
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
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Yu C, Zuo X, Blum RW, Tolman DL, Kågesten A, Mmari K, De Meyer S, Michielsen K, Basu S, Acharya R, Lian Q, Lou C. Marching to a Different Drummer: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Young Adolescents Who Challenge Gender Norms. J Adolesc Health 2017; 61:S48-S54. [PMID: 28915993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about how gender norms regulate adolescents' lives across different cultural settings. This study aims to illustrate what is considered as violating gender norms for boys and girls in four urban poor sites as well as the consequences that follow the challenging of gender norms. METHODS Data were collected as part of the Global Early Adolescent Study, a 15-country collaboration to explore gender norms and health in early adolescence. The current study analyzed narrative and in-depth interviews conducted in urban poor sites in two middle-income (Shanghai, China; and New Delhi, India) and two high-income countries (Baltimore, U.S.; and Ghent, Belgium). A total of 238 participants, 59 boys and 70 girls aged 11-13 years old and 109 of their parents/guardians (28 male adults and 81 female adults), were interviewed. A thematic analysis was conducted across sites using Atlas.Ti 7.5 software. RESULTS Findings revealed that although most perceptions and expressions about gender were regulated by stereotypical norms, there was a growing acceptability for girls to wear boyish clothes and engage in stereotypical masculine activities such as playing soccer/football. However, there was no comparable acceptance of boys engaging in traditional feminine behaviors. Across all sites, challenging gender norms was often found to lead to verbal, physical, and/or psychological retribution. CONCLUSIONS While it is sometimes acceptable for young adolescents to cross gender boundaries, once it becomes clear that a behavior is socially defined as typical for the other sex, and the adolescent will face more resistance. Researchers, programmers, and clinicians working in the field of adolescent health need not only attend to those who are facing the consequences of challenging prevailing gender norms, but also to address the environment that fosters exclusion and underscores differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiayun Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Robert W Blum
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deborah L Tolman
- Hunter College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Anna Kågesten
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kristin Mmari
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sara De Meyer
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristien Michielsen
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Qiguo Lian
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chaohua Lou
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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Maggs JL, Staff J, Patrick ME, Wray-Lake L, Schulenberg JE. Alcohol use at the cusp of adolescence: a prospective national birth cohort study of prevalence and risk factors. J Adolesc Health 2015; 56:639-45. [PMID: 26003579 PMCID: PMC4442274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence of alcohol use at the age of 10-11 years and document variation by early sociodemographic and concurrent alcohol-specific risk factors. METHODS The Millennium Cohort Study is a prospective, nationally representative study of live births in the United Kingdom across 12 months. A random sample of electoral wards was stratified to adequately represent U.K. countries, economically deprived areas, and areas with high concentrations of Asian and Black British families. A total of 12,305 child-mother pairs provided self-report data at 9 months (mother's marital status, age, education, occupational level; child gender, ethnicity, country) and age 10-11 years (adolescent alcohol use and attitudes). RESULTS After adjusting for attrition and sampling design, 13.4% of 10- to 11-year-olds had had an alcoholic drink (more than few sips), 1.2% had felt drunk, and .6% had five or more drinks at a time. Odds of ever drinking were higher among boys (1.47, 95% confidence interval, 1.29-1.68) and lower among early adolescents who were Asian British (vs. white; .09, .05-.17) or Black British (.42, .29-.62). Beyond sociodemographic differences, more positive attitudes about alcohol were associated with greater odds of drinking (1.70, 1.51-1.91), feeling drunk (2.96, 2.07-4.24), and having five or more drinks (4.20, 2.66-6.61). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use in the last year of primary school was identified but not common. Its use varied by sociodemographic groups; early adolescents with more positive alcohol attitudes had especially high risks of early alcohol initiation. Results support calls for increased surveillance and screening for very early drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Maggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Department of Quantitative Social Science, UCL Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jeremy Staff
- Department of Sociology and Criminology 211 Oswald Tower Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Social Research University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, USA
| | - Laura Wray-Lake
- Dept of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology University of Rochester Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - John E. Schulenberg
- Institute for Social Research University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, USA and Department of Psychology 1012 East Hall, 530 Church St University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, USA
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