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Kul A, Sagirli O. A new method for the therapeutic drug monitoring of chlorpromazine in plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1343-1354. [PMID: 37847049 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chlorpromazine is the first antipsychotic drug developed and is included in the list of 'essential drugs' prepared by the WHO. Therapeutic drug monitoring is an important point for psychotropic drugs because of significant genetic variability in their metabolism and poor compliance of the patients with treatment. Method: We developed a novel GC-MS method using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the therapeutic monitoring of chlorpromazine. Results: The method was validated according to the European Medicines Agency guidelines. The developed method's lower limit of quantification was set as 30 ng/ml. The calibration curve of chlorpromazine was validated between 30 and 600 ng/ml, with correlation coefficients of more than 0.99. Conclusion: The developed method was applied to real human patient plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Kul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34452, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Sagirli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34452, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Synthesis of a novel polydopamine and C18 dual-functionalized magnetic core-shell mesoporous nanocomposite for enrichment and analysis of widely abused illegal drugs in urine samples on site and in the laboratory. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 212:114656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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3
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Zhou Z, Gong Y, Zhang C, Niu W. A chemiluminescence sensor array for discrimination of seven toxicants. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1997-2003. [PMID: 34432356 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A chemiluminescence (CL) sensor array was developed based on 11 CL systems cross-combined by three luminescence reagents and four oxidants. Using the CL sensor array, we measured seven toxicants, including morphine, ketamine, diazepam, chlorpromazine, strychnine, paraquat, and fenpropathrin, which represent psychotropic drugs, sedatives and hypnotics, rodenticides, herbicides, and insecticides, respectively. The CL response pattern or 'fingerprints' were obtained for a given compound on the sensor array and then discriminated through principal component analysis. The established sensor array has been applied to real-life samples and the results showed that it possesses excellent discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhou
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yige Gong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Weifen Niu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
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4
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Investigating the Utility of Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction and HPLC-UV-Vis/DAD to Determine Antidepressant Drugs in Environmental Aqueous Samples. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is considered to be one of the most prevalent mental disorders in humans. Antidepressant drugs are released in large concentrations and cause adverse effects on the environment and/or human health. Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction (FPSE), a contemporary solid sorbent-handling technique, is a quick, sensitive, and simple analytical process. This paper describes a micro-extraction FPSE procedure coupled with High-Performance Liquid-Chromatography–Photodiode Array Detection (FPSE-HPLC–DAD) for the simultaneous extraction and analysis of five antidepressants, namely citalopram, clozapine, mirtazapine, bupropion and sertraline. Three fabric media (Whatman Cellulose filter, Whatman Microfiber Glass filter and Polylactic acid disks) and two different sol–gel sorbents (polyethylene glycol (PEG 300), alongside poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG 5.800)) were tested. The best FPSE device was observed to be the microfiber glass filter coated with PEG 300 sol–gel sorbent. In addition, the parameters that affect the efficiency of the process (FPSE media and sorbents, sample pH, extraction time, elution time, etc.) were optimized. The proposed methodology displays a linear range with absolute recovery values higher than 60%, RSD% of less than 13% and LOQs in the range between 1.9–10.7 μg·L−1. Finally, the method was applied in hospital and urban effluents and lake water samples, but none of the analytes were detected.
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Zilfidou E, Kabir A, Furton KG, Samanidou V. An improved fabric phase sorptive extraction method for the determination of five selected antidepressant drug residues in human blood serum prior to high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1125:121720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Roda G, Faggiani F, Bolchi C, Pallavicini M, Dei Cas M. Ten Years of Fentanyl-like Drugs: a Technical-analytical Review. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:479-491. [PMID: 30686797 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18r004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl and its analogues, are a new public health warning. Clandestine laboratories produce drug analogues at a faster rate than these compounds can be controlled or scheduled by drug agencies. Detection requires specific testing and clinicians may be confronted with a sequence of severe issues concerning the diagnosis and management of these contemporary opioid overdoses. This paper deals with methods for biological sample treatment, as well as the methodologies of analysis that have been reported, in the last decade, in the field of fentanyl-like compounds. From this analysis, it emerges that the gold standard for the identification and quantification of 4-anilinopiperidines is LC-MS/MS, coupled with liquid-liquid or solid-phase extraction. In the end, the return to the scene of illicit fentanyls can be considered as a critical problem that can be tackled only with a global multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan
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7
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Efficient determination of amphetamine and methylamphetamine in human urine using electro-enhanced single-drop microextraction with in-drop derivatization and gas chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1045:162-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Akter F, Saito S, Tasaki-Handa Y, Shibukawa M. Partition/Ion-Exclusion Chromatographic Ion Stacking for the Analysis of Trace Anions in Water and Salt Samples by Ion Chromatography. ANAL SCI 2018. [PMID: 29526907 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.34.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new analytical methodology for a simple and efficient on-line preconcentration of trace inorganic anions in water and salt samples prior to ion chromatographic determination is proposed. The preconcentration method is based on partition/ion-exclusion chromatographic ion stacking (PIEC ion stacking) with a hydrophilic polymer gel column containing a small amount of fixed anionic charges. The developed on-line PIEC ion stacking-ion chromatography method was validated by recovery experiments for the determination of nitrate in tap water in terms of both accuracy and precision, and the results showed the reliability of the method. The method proposed was also successfully applied to the determination of trace impurity nitrite and nitrate in reagent-grade salts of sodium sulfate. A low background level can be achieved since pure water is used as the eluant for the PIEC ion stacking. It is possible to reach sensitive detection at sub-μg L-1 levels by on-line PIEC ion stacking-ion chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Akter
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Shingo Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
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9
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Multi-residue analysis of sedative drugs in human plasma by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1072:305-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Zhang C, Lin B, Cao Y, Guo M, Yu Y. Fluorescence Determination of Omethoate Based on a Dual Strategy for Improving Sensitivity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3065-3073. [PMID: 28350464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Omethoate is a frequently used organophosphorus pesticide, and the establishment of a sensitive, selective, and simple method to determine omethoate is very important for food safety. In this paper, a dual strategy was applied to improve the detection sensitivity of omethoate. In the first strategy, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were doped with nitrogen to increase the fluorescence quantum yield to 30%. By coupling N-GQDs with omethoate aptamer, an N-GQDs-aptamer probe was synthesized. The fluorescence of the N-GQDs-aptamer probe was turned off by graphene oxide (GO), but recovered by omethoate. Based on this principle, the fluorescence method for detecting omethoate was established with a detection limit of 0.041 nM. To further improve the detection sensitivity, the fluorescence polarization analysis method was applied as another strategy based on the polarization signal of GQDs. The detection limit was decreased to 0.029 pM by using the fluorescence polarization method. The detection limits in this paper were lower than those in other reports. The imaging of omethoate on plant leaves showed that the probe could be used for visual semiquantitative determination of omethoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bixia Lin
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yujuan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Manli Guo
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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11
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HAN SQGW, BAO L, ZHANG ML, LIN X, HASI WLJ. Rapid Detection of Diazepam Injection Based on Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:789-792. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si-qin-gao-wa HAN
- Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities
| | - Lin BAO
- College of Physics and Electronics Information Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities
| | - Mei-Ling ZHANG
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Xiang LIN
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University
| | - Wu-Li-Ji HASI
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology
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12
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Tian H, Zhou X, Chen C, He Y, Yu H, Zheng X. Simultaneous Determination of Phenobarbital, Pentobarbital, Amobarbital and Secobarbital in Raw Milk via Liquid Chromatography with Electron Spray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2017; 37:847-854. [PMID: 29725206 PMCID: PMC5932935 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.6.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four barbiturates (phenobarbital, pentobarbital, amobarbital and secobarbital) in raw milk. The barbiturates were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction, ultrasonication and centrifugation, and purified on an SPE column. Analytes were separated by HPLC on a CSH C18 column eluted using an acetonitrile-water system with a linear gradient dilution programme, and detected by MS/MS. The recoveries of the barbiturates were 85.0-113.5%, and the intra- and inter-assay RSDs were less than 9.8% and 7.3%, respectively. The limit of detection was 5 ng/mL for all four of the barbiturates. The analytical method exhibited good linearity from 10 to 1000 ng/mL; the correlation coefficient (r2) was greater than 0.9950 for each barbiturate. This method was also applied to the determination of barbiturates in real milk samples and was found to be suitable for the determination of veterinary drug residues in raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaixiang Tian
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Xingxin Zhou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Yabin He
- Shanghai Bino Testing Technology Service, Shanghai, China.,School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Xiaoping Zheng
- Shanghai Bino Testing Technology Service, Shanghai, China.,School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200436, China
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