1
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Yun X, Zhou Y, Wu D, Liu Y, Wu Q. A real‑world pharmacovigilance study of FDA adverse event reporting system events for daratumumab. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:581-591. [PMID: 38600747 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2328321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daratumumab, a first-in-class humanized IgG1κ monoclonal antibody that targets the CD38 epitope, has been approved for treatment of multiple myeloma by FDA. The current study was to evaluate daratumumab-related adverse events (AEs) through data mining of the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Disproportionality analyses, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) and the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) algorithms were employed to quantify the signals of daratumumab-associated AEs. RESULTS Out of 10,378,816 reports collected from the FAERS database, 8727 reports of daratumumab-associated AEs were identified. A total of 183 significant disproportionality preferred terms (PTs) were retained. Unexpected significant AEs such as meningitis aseptic, leukoencephalopathy, tumor lysis syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hyperviscosity syndrome, sudden hearing loss, ileus and diverticular perforation were also detected. The median onset time of daratumumab-related AEs was 11 days (interquartile range [IQR] 0-76 days), and most of the cases occurred within 30 days. CONCLUSION Our study found potential new and unexpected AEs signals for daratumumab, suggesting prospective clinical studies are needed to confirm these results and illustrate their relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danna Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanbo Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiongshi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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2
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Effer B, Perez I, Ulloa D, Mayer C, Muñoz F, Bustos D, Rojas C, Manterola C, Vergara-Gómez L, Dappolonnio C, Weber H, Leal P. Therapeutic Targets of Monoclonal Antibodies Used in the Treatment of Cancer: Current and Emerging. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2086. [PMID: 37509725 PMCID: PMC10377242 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading global causes of death and disease, and treatment options are constantly evolving. In this sense, the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in immunotherapy has been considered a fundamental aspect of modern cancer therapy. In order to avoid collateral damage, it is indispensable to identify specific molecular targets or biomarkers of therapy and/or diagnosis (theragnostic) when designing an appropriate immunotherapeutic regimen for any type of cancer. Furthermore, it is important to understand the currently employed mAbs in immunotherapy and their mechanisms of action in combating cancer. To achieve this, a comprehensive understanding of the biology of cancer cell antigens, domains, and functions is necessary, including both those presently utilized and those emerging as potential targets for the design of new mAbs in cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a description of the therapeutic targets utilized in cancer immunotherapy over the past 5 years, as well as emerging targets that hold promise as potential therapeutic options in the application of mAbs for immunotherapy. Additionally, the review explores the mechanisms of actin of the currently employed mAbs in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Effer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Isabela Perez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Daniel Ulloa
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carolyn Mayer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Francisca Muñoz
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Diego Bustos
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Claudio Rojas
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos de La, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carlos Manterola
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos de La, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis Vergara-Gómez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Camila Dappolonnio
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
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3
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Singh A, Bazzi T, Lebovic D, Demirci H. Choroidal effusion: a rare and unusual complication of daratumumab. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e249735. [PMID: 35914801 PMCID: PMC9344984 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-249735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Daratumumab-containing regimens are an effective treatment for advanced cases of multiple myeloma. Overall, daratumumab has a favourable safety profile, although rare side effects can occur. Rare side effects of daratumumab include choroidal effusion. Patients who begin to experience symptoms such as eye swelling, vision changes, eye discharge and blurry vision should undergo urgent ophthalmological evaluation and their daratumumab infusions held.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Singh
- Hematology Oncology, Ascension St John Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Talal Bazzi
- Internal Medicine, Ascension St John Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Lebovic
- Hematology Oncology, Ascension St John Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Hakan Demirci
- W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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4
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Wu HT, Zhao XY. Regulation of CD38 on Multiple Myeloma and NK Cells by Monoclonal Antibodies. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:1974-1988. [PMID: 35342342 PMCID: PMC8935232 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.68148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells and plays a role in regulating tumor generation and development. CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used as an effective therapy for MM treatment by various mechanisms, including complement-dependent cytotoxic effects, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, programmed cell death, enzymatic modulation, and immunomodulation. Although CD38 mAbs inhibit the proliferation and survival of MM cells, there are substantial side effects on antitumoral NK cells. The NK-mediated immune response needs to be further evaluated to minimize the adverse effects of NK cell loss. The killing effect of CD38 mAbs on CD38high NK cells should be minimized and the potential combination of CD38low/- NK cells and CD38 mAbs should be maximized to better benefit from their therapeutic efficacy against MM. CD38 mAb effects against MM can be maximized by combination therapies with immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs), proteasome inhibitors (PIs), anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies, or cellular therapies for the treatment of MM, especially in patients with relapsed or refractory MM (R/R MM) and drug-resistant MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Tian Wu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, China
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5
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Lancman G, Sastow DL, Cho HJ, Jagannath S, Madduri D, Parekh SS, Richard S, Richter J, Sanchez L, Chari A. Bispecific Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma: Present and Future. Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:423-433. [PMID: 34661161 PMCID: PMC8510808 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many recent advances in therapy, there is still no plateau in overall survival curves in multiple myeloma. Bispecific antibodies are a novel immunotherapeutic approach designed to bind antigens on malignant plasma cells and cytotoxic immune effector cells. Early-phase clinical trials targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), GPRC5D, and FcRH5 have demonstrated a favorable safety profile, with mainly low-grade cytokine release syndrome, cytopenias, and infections. Although dose escalation is ongoing in several studies, early efficacy data show response rates in the most active dose cohorts between 61% and 83% with many deep responses; however, durability remains to be established. Further clinical trial data are eagerly anticipated. SIGNIFICANCE Overall survival of triple-class refractory multiple myeloma remains poor. Bispecific antibodies are a novel immunotherapeutic modality with a favorable safety profile and impressive preliminary efficacy in heavily treated patients. Although more data are needed, bispecifics will likely become an integral part of the multiple myeloma treatment paradigm in the near future. Studies in earlier lines of therapy and in combination with other active anti-multiple myeloma agents will help further define the role of bispecifics in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Lancman
- Tisch Cancer Insitute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Hearn J Cho
- Tisch Cancer Insitute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sundar Jagannath
- Tisch Cancer Insitute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Deepu Madduri
- Tisch Cancer Insitute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Samir S Parekh
- Tisch Cancer Insitute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Shambavi Richard
- Tisch Cancer Insitute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Joshua Richter
- Tisch Cancer Insitute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Larysa Sanchez
- Tisch Cancer Insitute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ajai Chari
- Tisch Cancer Insitute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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6
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Pîrvu AS, Andrei AM, Stănciulescu EC, Baniță IM, Pisoschi CG, Jurja S, Ciuluvica R. NAD + metabolism and retinal degeneration (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:670. [PMID: 33986835 PMCID: PMC8111861 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent years has revealed an intense interest in the study of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), particularly in regards to its intermediates, such as nicotinamide and nicotinic acid known as niacin, and also nicotinamide riboside. Besides its participation as a coenzyme in the redox transformations of nutrients during catabolism, NAD+ is also involved in DNA repair and epigenetic modification of gene expression and also plays an essential role in calcium homeostasis. Clinical and experimental data emphasize the age-dependent decline in NAD+ levels and its relation with the onset and progression of various age-related diseases. Maintaining optimal levels of NAD+ has aroused a therapeutic interest in such pathological conditions; NAD+ being currently regarded as an important target to extend health and lifespan. Based on a systematic exploration of the experimental data and literature surrounding the topic, this paper reviews some of the recent research studies related to the roles of the pyridine nucleotide family focusing on biosynthesis, NAD+ deficiency-associated diseases, pathobiochemistry related to retinal degeneration and potential therapeutic effects on human vision as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Silvia Pîrvu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ana Marina Andrei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Elena Camelia Stănciulescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ileana Monica Baniță
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cătălina Gabriela Pisoschi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Sanda Jurja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Radu Ciuluvica
- Faculty of Dentistry, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Braidy N, Villalva MD, Grant R. NADomics: Measuring NAD + and Related Metabolites Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060512. [PMID: 34073099 PMCID: PMC8230230 DOI: 10.3390/life11060512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its metabolome (NADome) play important roles in preserving cellular homeostasis. Altered levels of the NADome may represent a likely indicator of poor metabolic function. Accurate measurement of the NADome is crucial for biochemical research and developing interventions for ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. In this mini review, traditional methods used to quantify various metabolites in the NADome are discussed. Owing to the auto-oxidation properties of most pyridine nucleotides and their differential chemical stability in various biological matrices, accurate assessment of the concentrations of the NADome is an analytical challenge. Recent liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques which overcome some of these technical challenges for quantitative assessment of the NADome in the blood, CSF, and urine are described. Specialised HPLC-UV, NMR, capillary zone electrophoresis, or colorimetric enzymatic assays are inexpensive and readily available in most laboratories but lack the required specificity and sensitivity for quantification of human biological samples. LC-MS represents an alternative means of quantifying the concentrations of the NADome in clinically relevant biological specimens after careful consideration of analyte extraction procedures, selection of internal standards, analyte stability, and LC assays. LC-MS represents a rapid, robust, simple, and reliable assay for the measurement of the NADome between control and test samples, and for identifying biological correlations between the NADome and various biochemical processes and testing the efficacy of strategies aimed at raising NAD+ levels during physiological ageing and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Euroa Centre, UNSW School of Psychiatry, NPI, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9382-3763; Fax: +61-2-9382-3774
| | - Maria D. Villalva
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Ross Grant
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2076, Australia
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8
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Acute bilateral angle closure induced by monoclonal antibody (Daratumumab) infusion. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021; 22:101079. [PMID: 33889788 PMCID: PMC8050364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2021.101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report a case of daratumumab-induced bilateral angle closure glaucoma and myopia that showed no recurrence after repeated drug administration with prophylactic cycloplegia. Observations A 63-year-old man with relapsing multiple myeloma presented with acute bilateral eye pain and blurred vision 14 hours after first daratumumab infusion. Eye examination revealed raised intraocular pressure and shallow anterior chamber. Anterior segment ocular coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy showed ciliochoroidal effusions in both eyes. The diagnosis of bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma and induced myopia was made. Cycloplegia- and intraocular-pressure-lowering medications were given, which gradually deepened the anterior chambers and normalized intraocular pressure and refraction. The ciliochoroidal effusions completely resolved on day 14. The cycloplegic was given as a premedication for subsequent infusions. There was no recurrence of effusion throughout his 6-month daratumumab treatment course. Conclusions and importance Daratumumab can induce ciliochoroidal effusion, which results in acute secondary angle closure and myopia. The potential prophylactic effect of the cycloplegic drug may enable continuation of daratumumab infusion under close monitoring.
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Hopp AK, Teloni F, Bisceglie L, Gondrand C, Raith F, Nowak K, Muskalla L, Howald A, Pedrioli PGA, Johnsson K, Altmeyer M, Pedrioli DML, Hottiger MO. Mitochondrial NAD + Controls Nuclear ARTD1-Induced ADP-Ribosylation. Mol Cell 2021; 81:340-354.e5. [PMID: 33450210 PMCID: PMC7837215 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its role as an electron transporter, mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important co-factor for enzymatic reactions, including ADP-ribosylation. Although mitochondria harbor the most intra-cellular NAD+, mitochondrial ADP-ribosylation remains poorly understood. Here we provide evidence for mitochondrial ADP-ribosylation, which was identified using various methodologies including immunofluorescence, western blot, and mass spectrometry. We show that mitochondrial ADP-ribosylation reversibly increases in response to respiratory chain inhibition. Conversely, H2O2-induced oxidative stress reciprocally induces nuclear and reduces mitochondrial ADP-ribosylation. Elevated mitochondrial ADP-ribosylation, in turn, dampens H2O2-triggered nuclear ADP-ribosylation and increases MMS-induced ARTD1 chromatin retention. Interestingly, co-treatment of cells with the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP decreases PARP inhibitor efficacy. Together, our results suggest that mitochondrial ADP-ribosylation is a dynamic cellular process that impacts nuclear ADP-ribosylation and provide evidence for a NAD+-mediated mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Hopp
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federico Teloni
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lavinia Bisceglie
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corentin Gondrand
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Raith
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nowak
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Muskalla
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich
| | - Anna Howald
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick G A Pedrioli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; PHRT-CPAC, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deena M Leslie Pedrioli
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Bilateral Secondary Angle Closure During Daratumumab Infusion: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Glaucoma 2020; 29:e83-e86. [PMID: 32487951 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Daratumumab is an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody approved for use in multiple myeloma in 2015 and under investigation for use in light-chain amyloidosis. We report a case of a patient with amyloidosis who developed bilateral, acute secondary angle closure during an infusion of daratumumab. Ultrasound biomicroscopy obtained 3 days after the onset of her symptoms demonstrated the cause to be bilateral choroidal effusions. Taken together with several previous case reports, the evidence suggests that, like topiramate, daratumumab is associated with the idiosyncratic reaction of choroidal effusions, resulting in a spectrum of clinical outcomes from myopic shift to acute angle closure. The treating oncologist and eye care provider should be aware of these adverse outcomes in any patient undergoing treatment with this medication, as swift recognition and intervention may be vision-saving.
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11
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Parikh RA, Chaon BC, Berkenstock MK. Ocular Complications of Checkpoint Inhibitors and Immunotherapeutic Agents: A Case Series. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 29:1585-1590. [PMID: 32643982 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1766082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ophthalmologists have a role in assessing immune-related adverse events (IRAE) in oncology patients on immunotherapy. We assessed the utility of a hospital-wide toxicity team in referring patients with new ocular symptoms for examination. We also identified new immunotherapy agents causing ocular side-effects. DESIGN A cohort study of eight consecutive patients on immunotherapy, who developed ocular IRAE from November 1, 2017 to June 30, 2019. All were seen at the Ocular Immunology Division of the Wilmer Eye Institute and referred by the Johns Hopkins Toxicity Team. RESULTS All eight patients on had IRAEs; were treated with corticosteroid drops or observation with clinical resolution. Two new agents, epocadostat and daratumumab, were associated with the development of uveitis. CONCLUSION Ophthalmologists play an important role in a hospital-wide toxicity team and need to include IRAEs in their differential diagnosis. Given new drug development, ophthalmologists may be the first to identify IRAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby A Parikh
- Ocular Immunology Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin C Chaon
- Ocular Immunology Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meghan K Berkenstock
- Ocular Immunology Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Braidy N, Villalva MD, van Eeden S. Sobriety and Satiety: Is NAD+ the Answer? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050425. [PMID: 32423100 PMCID: PMC7278809 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide that has garnered considerable interest in the last century due to its critical role in cellular processes associated with energy production, cellular protection against stress and longevity. Research in NAD+ has been reinvigorated by recent findings that components of NAD+ metabolism and NAD-dependent enzymes can influence major signalling processes associated with the neurobiology of addiction. These studies implicate raising intracellular NAD+ levels as a potential target for managing and treating addictive behaviour and reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms in patients with food addiction and/or substance abuse. Since clinical studies showing the use of NAD+ for the treatment of addiction are limited, this review provides literature evidence that NAD+ can influence the neurobiology of addiction and may have benefits as an anti-addiction intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria D. Villalva
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Sam van Eeden
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
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13
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Yakymiv Y, Augeri S, Fissolo G, Peola S, Bracci C, Binaschi M, Bellarosa D, Pellacani A, Ferrero E, Ortolan E, Funaro A. CD157: From Myeloid Cell Differentiation Marker to Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121580. [PMID: 31817547 PMCID: PMC6952987 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human CD157/BST-1 and CD38 are dual receptor-enzymes derived by gene duplication that belong to the ADP ribosyl cyclase gene family. First identified over 30 years ago as Mo5 myeloid differentiation antigen and 10 years later as Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Antigen 1 (BST-1), CD157 proved not to be restricted to the myeloid compartment and to have a diversified functional repertoire ranging from immunity to cancer and metabolism. Despite being a NAD+-metabolizing ectoenzyme anchored to the cell surface through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol moiety, the functional significance of human CD157 as an enzyme remains unclear, while its receptor role emerged from its discovery and has been clearly delineated with the identification of its high affinity binding to fibronectin. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the immunoregulatory functions of human CD157/BST-1 in physiological and pathological conditions. We then focus on CD157 expression in hematological tumors highlighting its emerging role in the interaction between acute myeloid leukemia and extracellular matrix proteins and its potential utility for monoclonal antibody targeted therapy in this disease.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/antagonists & inhibitors
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/chemistry
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/metabolism
- Adaptive Immunity
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Disease Susceptibility
- Enzyme Activation
- GPI-Linked Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- GPI-Linked Proteins/chemistry
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Myeloid Cells/cytology
- Myeloid Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Protein Conformation
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Substrate Specificity
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Yakymiv
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Stefania Augeri
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Giulia Fissolo
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Silvia Peola
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Cristiano Bracci
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Monica Binaschi
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche S.p.A, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniela Bellarosa
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche S.p.A, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (D.B.)
| | | | - Enza Ferrero
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Erika Ortolan
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Ada Funaro
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6705988
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14
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Hopp AK, Grüter P, Hottiger MO. Regulation of Glucose Metabolism by NAD + and ADP-Ribosylation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080890. [PMID: 31412683 PMCID: PMC6721828 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells constantly adapt their metabolic pathways to meet their energy needs and respond to nutrient availability. During the last two decades, it has become increasingly clear that NAD+, a coenzyme in redox reactions, also mediates several ubiquitous cell signaling processes. Protein ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification that uses NAD+ as a substrate and is best known as part of the genotoxic stress response. However, there is increasing evidence that NAD+-dependent ADP-ribosylation regulates other cellular processes, including metabolic pathways. In this review, we will describe the compartmentalized regulation of NAD+ biosynthesis, consumption, and regeneration with a particular focus on the role of ADP-ribosylation in the regulation of glucose metabolism in different cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Hopp
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Grüter
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Horenstein AL, Bracci C, Morandi F, Malavasi F. CD38 in Adenosinergic Pathways and Metabolic Re-programming in Human Multiple Myeloma Cells: In-tandem Insights From Basic Science to Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:760. [PMID: 31068926 PMCID: PMC6491463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are rich in extracellular nucleotides that can be metabolized by ectoenzymes to produce adenosine, a nucleoside involved in controlling immune responses. Multiple myeloma, a plasma cell malignancy developed within a bone marrow niche, exploits adenosinergic pathways to customize the immune homeostasis of the tumor. CD38, a multifunctional protein that acts as both receptor and ectoenzyme, is overexpressed at all stages of myeloma. At neutral and acidic pH, CD38 catalyzes the extracellular conversion of NAD+ to regulators of calcium signaling. The initial disassembly of NAD+ is also followed by adenosinergic activity, if CD38 is operating in the presence of CD203a and CD73 nucleotidases. cAMP extruded from tumor cells provides another substrate for metabolizing nucleotidases to signaling adenosine. These pathways flank or bypass the canonical adenosinergic pathway subjected to the conversion of ATP by CD39. All of the adenosinergic networks can be hijacked by the tumor, thus controlling the homeostatic reprogramming of the myeloma in the bone marrow. In this context, adenosine assumes the role of a local hormone: cell metabolism is adjusted via low- or high-affinity purinergic receptors expressed by immune and bone cells as well as by tumor cells. The result is immunosuppression, which contributes to the failure of immune surveillance in cancer. A similar metabolic strategy silences immune effectors during the progression of indolent gammopathies to symptomatic overt multiple myeloma disease. Plasma from myeloma aspirates contains elevated levels of adenosine resulting from interactions between myeloma and other cells lining the niche and adenosine concentrations are known to increase as the disease progresses. This is statistically reflected in the International Staging System for multiple myeloma. Along with the ability to deplete CD38+ malignant plasma cell populations which has led to their widespread therapeutic use, anti-CD38 antibodies are involved in the polarization and release of microvesicles characterized by the expression of multiple adenosine-producing molecules. These adenosinergic pathways provide new immune checkpoints for improving immunotherapy protocols by helping to restore the depressed immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto L Horenstein
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Turin, Italy.,CeRMS, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bracci
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Turin, Italy.,CeRMS, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Morandi
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Turin, Italy.,CeRMS, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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16
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van de Donk NWCJ. Reprint of "Immunomodulatory effects of CD38-targeting antibodies". Immunol Lett 2019; 205:71-77. [PMID: 30826127 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The fist in class CD38-targeting antibody, daratumumab, is currently approved as single agent and in combination with standards of care for the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Based on the high activity and favorable toxicity profile of daratumumab, other CD38 antibodies, such as isatuximab, MOR202, and TAK-079, are being evaluated in MM and other malignancies. The CD38-targeting antibodies have classic Fc-dependent immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). These mechanisms of action are dependent on CD38 expression on the tumor cells. There is increasing evidence that CD38 antibodies also improve host-anti-tumor immune response by eliminating CD38-positive immune suppressor cells, including regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Indeed, daratumumab treatment results in a marked increase in T cell numbers and activity. CD38-targeting antibodies probably also reduce adenosine production in the bone marrow microenvironment, which may contribute to improved T cell activity. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that CD38-targeting antibodies have synergistic activity with several other anti-cancer drugs, including various agents with immune stimulating activity, such as lenalidomide and pomalidomide, as well as PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels W C J van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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17
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Braidy N, Berg J, Clement J, Khorshidi F, Poljak A, Jayasena T, Grant R, Sachdev P. Role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Related Precursors as Therapeutic Targets for Age-Related Degenerative Diseases: Rationale, Biochemistry, Pharmacokinetics, and Outcomes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:251-294. [PMID: 29634344 PMCID: PMC6277084 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide that serves as an essential cofactor and substrate for a number of critical cellular processes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, DNA repair, epigenetically modulated gene expression, intracellular calcium signaling, and immunological functions. NAD+ depletion may occur in response to either excessive DNA damage due to free radical or ultraviolet attack, resulting in significant poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation and a high turnover and subsequent depletion of NAD+, and/or chronic immune activation and inflammatory cytokine production resulting in accelerated CD38 activity and decline in NAD+ levels. Recent studies have shown that enhancing NAD+ levels can profoundly reduce oxidative cell damage in catabolic tissue, including the brain. Therefore, promotion of intracellular NAD+ anabolism represents a promising therapeutic strategy for age-associated degenerative diseases in general, and is essential to the effective realization of multiple benefits of healthy sirtuin activity. The kynurenine pathway represents the de novo NAD+ synthesis pathway in mammalian cells. NAD+ can also be produced by the NAD+ salvage pathway. Recent Advances: In this review, we describe and discuss recent insights regarding the efficacy and benefits of the NAD+ precursors, nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), in attenuating NAD+ decline in degenerative disease states and physiological aging. Critical Issues: Results obtained in recent years have shown that NAD+ precursors can play important protective roles in several diseases. However, in some cases, these precursors may vary in their ability to enhance NAD+ synthesis via their location in the NAD+ anabolic pathway. Increased synthesis of NAD+ promotes protective cell responses, further demonstrating that NAD+ is a regulatory molecule associated with several biochemical pathways. Future Directions: In the next few years, the refinement of personalized therapy for the use of NAD+ precursors and improved detection methodologies allowing the administration of specific NAD+ precursors in the context of patients' NAD+ levels will lead to a better understanding of the therapeutic role of NAD+ precursors in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jade Berg
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Fatemeh Khorshidi
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tharusha Jayasena
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Morandi F, Horenstein AL, Quarona V, Faini AC, Castella B, Srinivasan RC, Strom SC, Malavasi F, Gramignoli R. Ectonucleotidase Expression on Human Amnion Epithelial Cells: Adenosinergic Pathways and Dichotomic Effects on Immune Effector Cell Populations. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:724-735. [PMID: 30587530 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanism(s) underlying the immunoregulatory activities of placenta-derived human amnion epithelial cells (hAEC). The working hypothesis is that NAD+ and ATP, along with ectoenzymes involved in their metabolism, play a significant role in hAEC-mediated immune regulation. Proof of principle of the hypothesis was obtained by analyzing the interactions between hAEC and the main human leukocyte populations. The results obtained indicate that hAEC constitutively express a unique combination of functional ectoenzymes, driving the production of adenosine (ADO) via canonical (CD39, CD73) and alternative (CD38, CD203a/PC-1, CD73) pathways. Further, the picture is completed by the observation that hAEC express A1, A2a, and A2b ADO receptors as well as ADO deaminase, the enzyme involved in ADO catabolism. The contribution of the purinergic mediator to immunomodulation was confirmed by exposing in vitro different immune effector cells to the action of primary hAECs. B cells showed an enhanced proliferation and diminished spontaneous apoptosis when in contact with hAEC. T cell proliferation was partially inhibited by hAEC through ADO production, as confirmed by using specific ectoenzyme inhibitors. Further, hAEC induced an expansion of both T and B regulatory cells. Last, hAEC inhibited NK cell proliferation. However, the involvement of ADO-producing ectoenzymes is less apparent in this context. In conclusion, hAEC exert different in vitro immunoregulatory effects, per se, as a result of interactions with different populations of immune effector cells. These results support the view that hAEC are instrumental for regenerative medicine as well as in therapeutic applications for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- UOC Laboratorio Cellule Staminali post natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alberto L Horenstein
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.,Immunologia dei Trapianti, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; and
| | - Valeria Quarona
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Angelo Corso Faini
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Castella
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Raghuraman C Srinivasan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen C Strom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; and
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Clement J, Wong M, Poljak A, Sachdev P, Braidy N. The Plasma NAD + Metabolome Is Dysregulated in "Normal" Aging. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 22:121-130. [PMID: 30124109 PMCID: PMC6482912 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide that serves as an electron carrier in cellular metabolism and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of balanced redox homeostasis. Quantification of NAD+:NADH and NADP+:NADPH ratios are pivotal to a wide variety of cellular processes, including intracellular secondary messenger signaling by CD38 glycohydrolases, DNA repair by poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP), epigenetic regulation of gene expression by NAD-dependent histone deacetylase enzymes known as sirtuins, and regulation of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. We quantified changes in the NAD+ metabolome in plasma samples collected from consenting healthy human subjects across a wide age range (20-87 years) using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Our data show a significant decline in the plasma levels of NAD+, NADP+, and other important metabolites such as nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD) with age. However, an age-related increase in the reduced form of NAD+ and NADP+-NADH and NADPH-and nicotinamide (NAM), N-methyl-nicotinamide (MeNAM), and the products of adenosine diphosphoribosylation, including adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) was also reported. Whereas, plasma levels of nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN) showed no statistically significant changes across age groups. Taken together, our data cumulatively suggest that age-related impairments are associated with corresponding alterations in the extracellular plasma NAD+ metabolome. Our future research will seek to elucidate the role of modulating NAD+ metabolites in the treatment and prevention of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Wong
- 2 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- 2 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia.,3 Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,4 School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- 2 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia.,5 Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- 2 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Ortolan E, Augeri S, Fissolo G, Musso I, Funaro A. CD157: From immunoregulatory protein to potential therapeutic target. Immunol Lett 2018; 205:59-64. [PMID: 29936181 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CD157/BST1 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein is an evolutionary conserved dual-function receptor and β-NAD+-metabolizing ectoenzyme of the ADP-ribosyl cyclases gene family. Identified as bone marrow stromal cell and myeloid cell differentiation antigen, CD157 turned out to have a wider expression than originally assumed. The functional significance of human CD157 as an enzyme remains unclear, while it was well established in mouse models. Conversely, the receptor role of CD157 has been clearly delineated. In physiological conditions, CD157 is a key player in regulating leukocyte adhesion, migration and diapedesis. Underlying these functional roles is the ability of CD157 to bind with high affinity selected extracellular matrix components within their heparin-binding domains. CD157 binding to extracellular matrix promotes its interaction with β1 and β2-integrins and induces the organization of a multimolecular complex that is instrumental to the delivery of synergistic outside-in signals leading to optimal cell adhesion and migration, both in physiological and in pathological situations. CD157 also regulates cell adhesion and migration and is a marker of adverse prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer and pleural mesothelioma. This review focuses on human CD157 expression and functions and provides an overview on its role in human pathology and its emerging potential as target for antibody-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ortolan
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Augeri
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Fissolo
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Irene Musso
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ada Funaro
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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21
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Sasamoto Y, Ksander BR, Frank MH, Frank NY. Repairing the corneal epithelium using limbal stem cells or alternative cell-based therapies. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:505-513. [PMID: 29471701 PMCID: PMC6317528 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1443442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The corneal epithelium is maintained by limbal stem cells (LSCs) that reside in the basal epithelial layer of the tissue surrounding the cornea termed the limbus. Loss of LSCs results in limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) that can cause severe visual impairment. Patients with partial LSCD may respond to conservative therapies designed to rehabilitate the remaining LSCs. However, if these conservative approaches fail or, if complete loss of LSCs occurs, transplantation of LSCs or their alternatives is the only option. While a number of clinical studies utilizing diverse surgical and cell culture techniques have shown favorable results, a universal cure for LSCD is still not available. Knowledge of the potential risks and benefits of current approaches, and development of new technologies, is essential for further improvement of LSCD therapies. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on cell-based LSCD treatment approaches ranging from current available clinical therapies to preclinical studies of novel promising applications. EXPERT OPINION Improved understanding of LSC identity and development of LSC expansion methods will influence the evolution of successful LSCD therapies. Ultimately, future controlled clinical studies enabling direct comparison of the diverse employed approaches will help to identify the most effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Sasamoto
- Division of Genetics, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce R. Ksander
- Mass Eye & Ear, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Markus H. Frank
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Western School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Natasha Y. Frank
- Division of Genetics, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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van de Donk NWCJ. Immunomodulatory effects of CD38-targeting antibodies. Immunol Lett 2018; 199:16-22. [PMID: 29702148 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The fist in class CD38-targeting antibody, daratumumab, is currently approved as single agent and in combination with standards of care for the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Based on the high activity and favorable toxicity profile of daratumumab, other CD38 antibodies, such as isatuximab, MOR202, and TAK-079, are being evaluated in MM and other malignancies. The CD38-targeting antibodies have classic Fc-dependent immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). These mechanisms of action are dependent on CD38 expression on the tumor cells. There is increasing evidence that CD38 antibodies also improve host-anti-tumor immune response by eliminating CD38-positive immune suppressor cells, including regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Indeed, daratumumab treatment results in a marked increase in T cell numbers and activity. CD38-targeting antibodies probably also reduce adenosine production in the bone marrow microenvironment, which may contribute to improved T cell activity. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that CD38-targeting antibodies have synergistic activity with several other anti-cancer drugs, including various agents with immune stimulating activity, such as lenalidomide and pomalidomide, as well as PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels W C J van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Zamagni E, Tacchetti P, Pantani L, Cavo M. Anti-CD38 and anti-SLAMF7: the future of myeloma immunotherapy. Expert Rev Hematol 2018; 11:423-435. [PMID: 29582696 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1456331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the high expression of a number of surface antigens on malignant plasma cells, the bone marrow micro-environment and immune effector T cells, makes these appealing targets for immune therapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Areas covered: Two mAbs, anti-CD38 daratumumab (Dara) and anti-SLAMF7 elotuzumab (Elo), have achieved recent regulatory approval for relapsed or refractory MM (RRMM) and are currently being explored as possible treatment options in novel combinations and different settings. This review discusses the current landscape and possible development of anti-CD38 and anti-SLAMF7 mAbs. Expert commentary: Three phase III trials demonstrated a significant advantage in terms of response and PFS when Dara or Elo are combined with lenalidomide-dexamethsone (Rd) or bortezomib-dexamethsone (Vd), in comparison to doublet regimens, for patients with RRMM. Treatment algorithms including Dara- or Elo-based triplets may be defined on the basis of disease and patients' characteristics, as well as of their prior exposure to different classes of novel agents. Evaluation of these agents in new combination regimens, including second and third generation PIs and IMiDs, are under investigation. Moreover, use of mAbs in phases of the disease where the immune system is less compromised, such as newly diagnosed MM or even high-risk smoldering myeloma, appears logical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zamagni
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
| | - Paola Tacchetti
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
| | - Lucia Pantani
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and its related precursors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2018; 31:160-166. [PMID: 29232252 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review discusses the biology and metabolism of the essential pyridine nucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in the central nervous system. We also review recent work suggesting important neuroprotective effects that may be associated with the promotion of NAD+ levels through NAD+ precursors against Alzheimer's disease. RECENT FINDINGS Perturbations in the physiological homoeostatic state of the brain during the ageing process can lead to impaired cellular function, and ultimately leads to loss of brain integrity and accelerates cognitive and memory decline. Increased oxidative stress has been shown to impair normal cellular bioenergetics and enhance the depletion of the essential nucleotides NAD+ and ATP. NAD+ and its precursors have been shown to improve cellular homoeostasis based on association with dietary requirements, and treatment and management of several inflammatory and metabolic diseases in vivo. Cellular NAD+ pools have been shown to be reduced in the ageing brain, and treatment with NAD+ precursors has been hypothesized to restore these levels and attenuate disruption in cellular bioenergetics. SUMMARY NAD+ and its precursors may represent an important therapeutic strategy to maintain optimal cellular homoeostatic functions in the brain. NAD+ precursors are available in a variety of foods and may be translated to the clinic in the form of supplements.
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Frerichs KA, Nagy NA, Lindenbergh PL, Bosman P, Marin Soto J, Broekmans M, Groen RWJ, Themeli M, Nieuwenhuis L, Stege C, Nijhof IS, Mutis T, Zweegman S, Lokhorst HM, van de Donk NWCJ. CD38-targeting antibodies in multiple myeloma: mechanisms of action and clinical experience. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 14:197-206. [PMID: 29465271 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2018.1443809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) is generally an incurable hematological malignancy with heterogeneous overall survival rates ranging from a few months to more than 10 years. Survival is especially poor for patients who developed disease that is refractory to immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors. Areas covered: This review will discuss the importance of CD38-targeting antibodies for the treatment of MM patients to improve their outcome. Expert commentary: Intense immuno-oncological laboratory research has resulted in the development of functionally active monoclonal antibodies against cell surface markers present on MM cells. In this respect, CD38-targeting antibodies such as daratumumab, MOR202, and isatuximab, have high single agent activity in heavily pretreated MM patients by virtue of their pleiotropic mechanisms of action including Fc-dependent effector mechanisms and immunomodulatory activities. Importantly, CD38-targeting antibodies are well tolerated, with infusion reactions as most frequent adverse event. Altogether, this makes them attractive combination partners with other anti-MM agents. Daratumumab is already approved as monotherapy and in combination with lenalidomide-dexamethasone as well as bortezomib-dexamethasone in pretreated MM patients. Furthermore, results from studies evaluating CD38-targeting antibodies in newly diagnosed MM patients are also promising, indicating that CD38-targeting antibodies will be broadly used in MM, resulting in further improvements in survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Frerichs
- a Department of Hematology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Noemi Anna Nagy
- a Department of Hematology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Pieter L Lindenbergh
- a Department of Hematology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Patty Bosman
- a Department of Hematology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jhon Marin Soto
- a Department of Hematology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Broekmans
- a Department of Hematology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Richard W J Groen
- a Department of Hematology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Maria Themeli
- a Department of Hematology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Louise Nieuwenhuis
- a Department of Hematology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Stege
- a Department of Hematology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Inger S Nijhof
- a Department of Hematology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Tuna Mutis
- a Department of Hematology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- a Department of Hematology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Henk M Lokhorst
- a Department of Hematology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Lee L, Draper B, Chaplin N, Philip B, Chin M, Galas-Filipowicz D, Onuoha S, Thomas S, Baldan V, Bughda R, Maciocia P, Kokalaki E, Neves MP, Patel D, Rodriguez-Justo M, Francis J, Yong K, Pule M. An APRIL-based chimeric antigen receptor for dual targeting of BCMA and TACI in multiple myeloma. Blood 2018; 131:746-758. [PMID: 29284597 PMCID: PMC5922275 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-781351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a promising therapeutic target for multiple myeloma (MM), but expression is variable, and early reports of BCMA targeting chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) suggest antigen downregulation at relapse. Dual-antigen targeting increases targetable tumor antigens and reduces the risk of antigen-negative disease escape. "A proliferation-inducing ligand" (APRIL) is a natural high-affinity ligand for BCMA and transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand (TACI). We quantified surface tumor expression of BCMA and TACI on primary MM cells (n = 50). All cases tested expressed BCMA, and 39 (78%) of them also expressed TACI. We engineered a third-generation APRIL-based CAR (ACAR), which killed targets expressing either BCMA or TACI (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively, cf. control, effector-to-target [E:T] ratio 16:1). We confirmed cytolysis at antigen levels similar to those on primary MM, at low E:T ratios (56.2% ± 3.9% killing of MM.1s at 48 h, E:T ratio 1:32; P < .01) and of primary MM cells (72.9% ± 12.2% killing at 3 days, E:T ratio 1:1; P < .05, n = 5). Demonstrating tumor control in the absence of BCMA, we maintained cytolysis of primary tumor expressing both BCMA and TACI in the presence of a BCMA-targeting antibody. Furthermore, using an intramedullary myeloma model, ACAR T cells caused regression of an established tumor within 2 days. Finally, in an in vivo model of tumor escape, there was complete ACAR-mediated tumor clearance of BCMA+TACI- and BCMA-TACI+ cells, and a single-chain variable fragment CAR targeting BCMA alone resulted in outgrowth of a BCMA-negative tumor. These results support the clinical potential of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Lee
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Draper
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Chaplin
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Philip
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melody Chin
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daria Galas-Filipowicz
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Maciocia
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Kokalaki
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Margarida P Neves
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Patel
- Department of Histopathology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Kwee Yong
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Pule
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Autolus Ltd., London, United Kingdom; and
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CD38 antibodies in multiple myeloma: back to the future. Blood 2017; 131:13-29. [PMID: 29118010 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-740944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is highly and uniformly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and at relatively low levels on normal lymphoid and myeloid cells, and in some tissues of nonhematopoietic origin. CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with ectoenzymatic activity, and also functions as a receptor and adhesion molecule. Altogether, this has triggered the development of several CD38 antibodies including daratumumab (fully human), isatuximab (chimeric), and MOR202 (fully human). CD38 antibodies have pleiotropic mechanisms of action including Fc-dependent immune-effector mechanisms, direct apoptotic activity, and immunomodulatory effects by the elimination of CD38+ immune-suppressor cells. CD38-targeting antibodies are generally well tolerated and induce partial response or better in ∼30% of heavily pretreated MM patients as monotherapy. Based on their distinct mechanisms of action, favorable toxicity profile, and single-agent activity, CD38 antibodies are attractive partners in combination regimens. Indeed, deep responses and prolonged progression-free survival can be achieved in relapsed/refractory MM patients when CD38 antibodies are combined with immunomodulatory agents or proteasome inhibitors. Infusion-related reactions, which typically occur during the first infusion, are the most frequent adverse events. Attention should also be paid to the interference of CD38 antibodies with certain laboratory assays, which may complicate response evaluation and blood compatibility testing. Several studies are currently examining the role of CD38-based therapies in newly diagnosed and high-risk smoldering MM. Furthermore, CD38 antibodies are currently also under investigation in other hematologic malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, and acute myeloid leukemia, as well as in solid tumors.
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Gonzalez G, Sasamoto Y, Ksander BR, Frank MH, Frank NY. Limbal stem cells: identity, developmental origin, and therapeutic potential. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 7. [PMID: 29105366 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is our window to the world and our vision is critically dependent on corneal clarity and integrity. Its epithelium represents one of the most rapidly regenerating mammalian tissues, undergoing full-turnover over the course of approximately 1-2 weeks. This robust and efficient regenerative capacity is dependent on the function of stem cells residing in the limbus, a structure marking the border between the cornea and the conjunctiva. Limbal stem cells (LSC) represent a quiescent cell population with proliferative capacity residing in the basal epithelial layer of the limbus within a cellular niche. In addition to LSC, this niche consists of various cell populations such as limbal stromal fibroblasts, melanocytes and immune cells as well as a basement membrane, all of which are essential for LSC maintenance and LSC-driven regeneration. The LSC niche's components are of diverse developmental origin, a fact that had, until recently, prevented precise identification of molecularly defined LSC. The recent success in prospective LSC isolation based on ABCB5 expression and the capacity of this LSC population for long-term corneal restoration following transplantation in preclinical in vivo models of LSC deficiency underline the considerable potential of pure LSC formulations for clinical therapy. Additional studies, including genetic lineage tracing of the developmental origin of LSC will further improve our understanding of this critical cell population and its niche, with important implications for regenerative medicine. WIREs Dev Biol 2018, 7:e303. doi: 10.1002/wdev.303 This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cells and Disease Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuzuru Sasamoto
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce R Ksander
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus H Frank
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Nakamura T, Inatomi T, Sotozono C, Koizumi N, Kinoshita S. Ocular surface reconstruction using stem cell and tissue engineering. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 51:187-207. [PMID: 26187034 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most human sensory information is gained through eyesight, and integrity of the ocular surface, including cornea and conjunctiva, is known to be indispensable for good vision. It is believed that severe damage to corneal epithelial stem cells results in devastating ocular surface disease, and many researchers and scientists have tried to reconstruct the ocular surface using medical and surgical approaches. Ocular surface reconstruction via regenerative therapy is a newly developed medical field that promises to be the next generation of therapeutic modalities, based on the use of tissue-specific stem cells to generate biological substitutes and improve tissue functions. The accomplishment of these objectives depends on three key factors: stem cells, which have highly proliferative capacities and longevities; the substrates determining the environmental niche; and growth factors that support them appropriately. This manuscript describes the diligent development of ocular surface reconstruction using tissue engineering techniques, both past and present, and discusses and validates their future use for regenerative therapy in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakamura
- Department of Frontier Medical Sciences and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Inatomi
- Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Koizumi
- Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Sciences and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Horenstein AL, Chillemi A, Zaccarello G, Bruzzone S, Quarona V, Zito A, Serra S, Malavasi F. A CD38/CD203a/CD73 ectoenzymatic pathway independent of CD39 drives a novel adenosinergic loop in human T lymphocytes. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26246. [PMID: 24319640 PMCID: PMC3850273 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is characterized by of high levels of extracellular nucleotides that are metabolized through the dynamic and sequential action of cell surface enzymes (ectoenzymes). These ectoenzymes operate according to their spatial arrangement, as part of (1) continuous (molecules on the same cell) or (2) discontinuous (molecules on different cells) pathways, the latter being facilitated by restricted cellular microenvironment. The outcome of this catabolic activity is an increase in the local concentration of adenosine, a nucleoside involved in the control of inflammation and immune responses. The aim of the work presented here was to demonstrate that a previously unexplored enzymatic pathway may be an alternate route to produce extracellular adenosine. Our data show that this new axis is driven by the nucleotide-metabolizing ectoenzymes CD38 (an NAD+ nucleosidase), the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1, also known as CD203a or PC-1) and the 5′ ectonucleotidase (5′-NT) CD73, while bypassing the canonical catabolic pathway mediated by the nucleoside tri- and diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) CD39. To determine the relative contributions of these cell surface enzymes to the production of adenosine, we exploited a human T-cell model allowing for the modular expression of the individual components of this alternative pathway upon activation and transfection. The biochemical analysis of the products of these ectoenzymes by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fully substantiated our working hypothesis. This newly characterized pathway may facilitate the emergence of an adaptive immune response in selected cellular contexts. Considering the role for extracellular adenosine in the regulation of inflammation and immunogenicity, this pathway could constitute a novel strategy of tumor evasion, implying that these enzymes may represent ideal targets for antibody-mediated therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto L Horenstein
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics; Department of Medical Sciences; University of Torino; Torino, Italy ; Research Center for Experimental Medicine; University of Torino; Torino, Italy ; Transplantation Immunology; "Città della Salute e della Scienza" Hospital; Torino, Italy
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Chillemi A, Zaccarello G, Quarona V, Ferracin M, Ghimenti C, Massaia M, Horenstein AL, Malavasi F. Anti-CD38 antibody therapy: windows of opportunity yielded by the functional characteristics of the target molecule. Mol Med 2013; 19:99-108. [PMID: 23615966 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a mainstay of routine clinical practice in the treatment of various human diseases. A number of molecules can serve as targets, according to the condition being treated. Now entering human clinical trials, CD38 molecule is a particularly attractive target because of its peculiar pattern of expression and its twin role as receptor and ectoenzyme. This review provides a range of analytical perspectives on the current progress in and challenges to anti-CD38 mAb therapy. We present a synopsis of the evidence available on CD38, particularly in myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Our aim is to make the data from basic science helpful and accessible to a diverse clinical audience and, at the same time, to improve its potential for in vivo use. The topics covered include tissue distribution and signal implementation by mAb ligation and the possibility of increasing cell density on target cells by exploiting information about the molecule's regulation in combination with drugs approved for in vivo use. Also analyzed is the behavior of CD38 as an enzyme: CD38 is a component of a pathway leading to the production of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment, thus inducing local anergy. Consequently, not only might CD38 be a prime target for mAb-mediated therapy, but its functional block may contribute to general improvement in cancer immunotherapy and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Chillemi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
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Das P, Pereira JA, Chaklader M, Law A, Bagchi K, Bhaduri G, Chaudhuri S, Law S. Phenotypic alteration of limbal niche-associated limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency by ultraviolet-B exposure-induced phototoxicity in mice. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 91:165-75. [PMID: 23668789 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2012-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Good vision requires a healthy cornea, and a healthy cornea needs healthy stem cells. Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are a traditional source of corneal epithelial cells and are recruited for the continuous production of epithelium without seizing throughout an animal's life, which maintains corneal transparency. Like the maintenance of other adult somatic stem cells, the maintenance of LESCs depends on the specific microenvironmental niche in which they reside. The purpose of this study was to determine the microenvironmental damage associated with LESCs fate due to ultraviolet (UV)-B exposure in a mouse model. Structural alteration and deregulation of the stem cell and its neighboring niche components were observed by using clinical, morphological, explant culture study, and flowcytometric analysis, which demonstrated that the limbal microenvironment plays an important role in cornea-related disease development. In UV-exposed mice, overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 indicated neovascularization, decreased CD38 expression signified the alteration of limbal epithelial superficial cells, and the loss of limbal stem cell marker p63 indicated limbal stem cell deficiency in the limbal vicinity. We concluded that LESC deficiency diseases (LESCDDs) are associated with pathophysiological changes in the LESC niche, with some inhibitory interception such as UV-B irradiation, which results in corneal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosun Das
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C R Avenue, Kolkata-700073, India
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Nakamura T, Inatomi T, Sotozono C, Koizumi N, Kinoshita S. Recent Advances and Future Challenges in Ocular Surface Reconstruction: On the Road to Translational Medicine. ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (PHILADELPHIA, PA.) 2012; 1:28-34. [PMID: 26107015 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0b013e31823e54a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Severe ocular surface diseases are some of the most challenging entities currently facing ophthalmologists. The purpose of this review was to describe the recent advances, current developments, and future challenges related to ocular surface reconstruction from both the basic science and clinical aspects. To date, many candidate corneal epithelial stem-cell markers for tissue-engineered culture transplants have been proposed worldwide. Several groups have reported the long-term clinical results of cultivated epithelial transplantation for treating severe ocular surface disease. In an attempt to further develop the surgical procedures of ocular surface reconstruction, several groups recently reported using cells obtained from novel sources, surrounding cell substrates, and safer culture processes. As a result of the basic research and breakthroughs in the field of corneal regenerative medicine, great progress has been made in the basic understanding and development of new therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakamura
- From the *Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; and †The Research Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Severe ocular surface diseases (OSDs) are some of the most challenging entities facing the clinician today. This article aims to describe the recent advances and current development of ocular surface reconstruction from both basic science and clinical aspects. RECENT FINDINGS To date, many candidate corneal epithelial stem or progenitor cell markers for culture grafts have been reported worldwide. Several groups have reported the long-term results of cultivated corneal and oral mucosal epithelial transplantation in severe OSD. In their attempt to further develop the system of ocular surface reconstruction, several groups recently reported using cells obtained from a novel origin, cell substrates, and safer culture procedures. SUMMARY Autologous cultivated corneal limbal epithelial transplantation has been shown to be a well tolerated and promising treatment for patients with severe OSD. A newly developed transplantation technique using tissue-engineered epidermal adult stem cells, immature dental pulp stem cells, and hair follicle bulge-derived stem cells was reportedly successful for the reconstruction of corneal epithelium in an animal model of severe OSD. The recombinant human cross-linked collagen scaffold and a Food and Drug Administration-approved contact lens are also promising new techniques for successfully achieving ocular surface reconstruction.
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36
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Bibliography. Refractive surgery. Current world literature. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2011; 22:304-5. [PMID: 21654397 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0b013e3283486839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ortolan E, Arisio R, Morone S, Bovino P, Lo-Buono N, Nacci G, Parrotta R, Katsaros D, Rapa I, Migliaretti G, Ferrero E, Volante M, Funaro A. Functional role and prognostic significance of CD157 in ovarian carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102:1160-77. [PMID: 20639476 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djq256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD157, an ADP-ribosyl cyclase-related cell surface molecule, regulates leukocyte diapedesis during inflammation. Because CD157 is expressed in mesothelial cells and diapedesis resembles tumor cell migration, we investigated the role of CD157 in ovarian carcinoma. METHODS We assayed surgically obtained ovarian cancer and mesothelial cells and both native and engineered ovarian cancer cell lines for CD157 expression using flow cytometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and for adhesion to extracellular matrices, migration, and invasion using cell-based assays. We investigated invasion of human peritoneal mesothelial cells by serous ovarian cancer cells with a three-dimensional coculture model. Experiments were performed with or without CD157-blocking antibodies. CD157 expression in tissue sections from ovarian cancer patients (n = 88) was examined by immunohistochemistry, quantified by histological score (H score), and categorized as at or above or below the median value of 60, and compared with clinical parameters. Statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS CD157 was expressed by ovarian cancer cells and mesothelium, and it potentiated the adhesion, migration, and invasion of serous ovarian cancer cells through different extracellular matrices. CD157-transfected ovarian cancer cells migrated twice as much as CD157-negative control cells (P = .001). Blockage of CD157 inhibited mesothelial invasion by serous ovarian cancer cells in a three-dimensional model. CD157 was expressed in 82 (93%) of the 88 epithelial ovarian cancer tissue specimens. In serous ovarian cancer, patients with CD157 H scores of 60 or greater had statistically significantly shorter disease-free survival and overall survival than patients with lower CD157 H scores (CD157 H score > or =60 vs <60: median disease-free survival = 18 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.92 to 30.07 vs unreached, P = .005; CD157 H score > or =60 vs <60: median overall survival = 45 months, 95% CI = 21.21 to 68.79 vs unreached, P = .024). Multivariable Cox regression showed that CD157 is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence (hazard ratio of disease recurrence = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.35 to 6.70, P = .007) and survival (hazard ratio of survival = 3.44, 95% CI = 1.27 to 9.31, P = .015). CONCLUSIONS CD157 plays a pivotal role in the control of ovarian cancer cell migration and peritoneal invasion, and it may be clinically useful as a prognostic tool and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ortolan
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
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Vergallo C, Fonseca T, Pizzi G, Dini L. Lycopersicon esculentum lectin is a marker of transient amplifying cells in in vitro cultures of isolated limbal stem cells. Tissue Cell 2010; 42:259-65. [PMID: 20542531 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of a healthy corneal epithelium under both normal and wound healing conditions is achieved by a population of stem cells (SCs) located in the basal epithelium at the corneoscleral limbus. In the light of the development of strategies for reconstruction of the ocular surface in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency, a major challenge in corneal SCs biology remains the ability to identify stem cells in situ and in vitro. To date, not so much markers exist for the identification of different phenotypes. CESCs (corneal epithelial stem cells) isolated from limbal biopsies were maintained in primary culture for 14 days and stained with Hoechst and a panel of FITC-conjugated lectins. All lectins, with the exception of Lycopersicon esculentum, labelled CESCs irrespective of the degree of differentiation. Lycopersicon esculentum, that binds N-acetylglucosamine oligomers, labelled intensely only the surface of TACs (single corneal epithelial stem cells better than colonial cells). These results suggest that Lycopersicon esculentum lectin is a useful and easy-to-use marker for the in vitro identification of TACs (transient amplifying cells) in cultures of isolated CESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vergallo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of the Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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