1
|
Targeting the JMJD6/TGF-β Axis in Prostate Cancer by Immunotherapy: A Potential Treatment Based on RNA Splicing. Med Hypotheses 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
2
|
CXCR4 and CXCR7 signaling promotes tumor progression and obesity-associated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells. Oncogene 2022; 41:4633-4644. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
3
|
Freedman JA, Wang Y, Li X, Liu H, Moorman PG, George DJ, Lee NH, Hyslop T, Wei Q, Patierno SR. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of stemness genes predicted to regulate RNA splicing, microRNA and oncogenic signaling are associated with prostate cancer survival. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:879-888. [PMID: 29726910 PMCID: PMC6248658 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disease, with variation in outcomes only partially predicted by grade and stage. Additional tools to distinguish indolent from aggressive disease are needed. Phenotypic characteristics of stemness correlate with poor cancer prognosis. Given this correlation, we identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of stemness-related genes and examined their associations with PCa survival. SNPs within stemness-related genes were analyzed for association with overall survival of PCa in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Significant SNPs predicted to be functional were selected for linkage disequilibrium analysis and combined and stratified analyses. Identified SNPs were evaluated for association with gene expression. SNPs of CD44 (rs9666607), ABCC1 (rs35605 and rs212091) and GDF15 (rs1058587) were associated with PCa survival and predicted to be functional. A role for rs9666607 of CD44 and rs35605 of ABCC1 in RNA splicing regulation, rs212091 of ABCC1 in miRNA binding site activity and rs1058587 of GDF15 in causing an amino acid change was predicted. These SNPs represent potential novel prognostic markers for overall survival of PCa and support a contribution of the stemness pathway to PCa patient outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Freedman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xuechan Li
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patricia G Moorman
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel J George
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Norman H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Terry Hyslop
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven R Patierno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Genetics of metastasis: melanoma and other cancers. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:379-391. [PMID: 29722002 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of melanocytes that accounts for the majority of skin cancer deaths despite comprising less than 5% of all cutaneous malignancies. Its incidence has increased faster than that of any other cancer over the past half-century and the annual costs of treatment in the United States alone have risen rapidly. Although the majority of primary melanomas are cured with local excision, metastatic melanoma historically carries a grim prognosis, with a median survival of 9 months and a long-term survival rate of 10%. Given the urgent need to develop treatment strategies for metastatic melanoma and the explosion of genetic technologies over the past 20 years, there has been extensive research into the genetic alterations that cause melanocytes to become malignant. More recently, efforts have focused on the genetic changes that drive melanoma metastasis. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the genetics of primary cutaneous and ocular melanoma, the genetic changes associated with metastasis in melanoma and other cancer types, and non-genetic factors that may contribute to metastasis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Shan M, Xia Q, Yan D, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Zhang G, Guo J, Hou J, Chen W, Zhu T, Zhang X, Xu J, Wang J, Ding T, Zheng J. Molecular analyses of prostate tumors for diagnosis of malignancy on fine-needle aspiration biopsies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104761-104771. [PMID: 29285211 PMCID: PMC5739598 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common cancer and remains the second-leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in men, but diagnosis of PCa remains a main clinical challenge. To investigate the involvement of differentially expressing genes in PCa with deregulated pathways to allow earlier diagnosis of the disease, transcriptomic analyses of differential expression genes in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies helped to discriminate PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We identified 255 genes that were deregulated in prostate tumors compared with BPH tissues. qRT-PCR was conducted to examine the expression levels of the four genes in FNA biopsies and confirmed that ITGBL1 was significantly up-regulated and HOXA7, KRT15 and TGM4 were down-regulated in the PCa compared to the BPH, with a sensitivity of 87.1% and a specificity of 87.8%; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was estimated at 0.94, which was significantly improved compared with PSA alone (AUC = 0.82). Moreover, the increased expression of ITGBL1 correlated with total cholesterol, triglyceride and PSA. Our results demonstrated that transcriptomic analyses in FNA biopsies could facilitate rapid identification of potential targets for therapy and diagnosis of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Shan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qianlin Xia
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Yangpu, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Yangpu, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hou
- Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Yangpu, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Chen
- Genomics Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tongyu Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Urology, The Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Fengxian, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianghua Zheng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shan ZZ, Chen PN, Wang F, Wang J, Fan QX. Expression of P-EGFR and P-Akt protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its prognosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2859-2863. [PMID: 28927043 PMCID: PMC5588122 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (P-EGFR) and phosphorylated Akt (P-Akt) protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were studied, and its significance in clinical prognosis of patients was assessed. The expression of P-EGFR and P-Akt protein in 83 cases of ESCC and 83 normal esophageal tissues was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Log-rank test and correlation analysis were used to analyze the prognosis of ESCC. The positive expression of P-EGFR in ESCC was 88% (73/83 cases) compared with 41% in normal esophageal mucosa (34/83 cases) (P<0.05). The rate of P-Akt protein expression in ESCC was 90.4% (75/83 cases), compared with 27.7% seen in normal esophageal mucosa (23/83 cases) (P<0.05). The expression of P-EGFR and P-Akt protein was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and degree of differentiation (P<0.05) irrespective of sex, age, tumor diameter and TNM stage (P>0.05). The expression of P-EGFR was positively correlated with that of P-Akt protein (r=0.674, P<0.01). P-EGFR expression was negatively correlated with survival time of patients with ESCC (r=−0.526, P<0.01). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the cumulative survival rate of P-EGFR-positive cases was significantly lower than that of the P-EGFR-negative cases (P<0.01). The expression of P-Akt was negatively correlated with survival in patients with ESCC (r=−0.473, P<0.01). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the cumulative survival rate of the P-Akt-positive cases was significantly lower than that of the P-Akt-negative cases (P<0.01). In conclusion, P-EGFR and P-Akt protein expression is closely related to the incidence of ESCC and mediates the development of invasive cancer and metastasis. It is used to determine the prognosis of ESCC, and may represent a new therapeutic target for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zheng Shan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Nan Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Xia Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tamura T, Ichikawa T, Nakahata S, Kondo Y, Tagawa Y, Yamamoto K, Nagai K, Baba T, Yamaguchi R, Futakuchi M, Yamashita Y, Morishita K. Loss of NDRG2 Expression Confers Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Enhanced Metastatic Potential. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2363-2374. [PMID: 28209617 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the tumor suppressor NDRG2 has been implicated in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), acting by modulating PI3K/AKT-mediated dephosphorylation of PTEN at S380/S382/T383 (STT). Here, we show that the majority of OSCC tumors with lymph node metastasis, a major prognostic factor, exhibit high levels of phosphorylated AKT-S473 and PTEN-STT and low levels of NDRG2 expression. In Ndrg2-deficient mice, which develop a wide range of tumors, we developed a model of OSCC by treatment with the tobacco surrogate 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO). In this model, both the number and size of OSCC tumors were increased significantly by Ndrg2 deficiency, which also increased invasion of cervical lymph nodes. 4-NQO treatment of human OSCC cell lines exhibiting low NDRG2 expression induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via activation of NF-κB signaling. Conversely, ectopic expression of NDRG2 reversed the EMT phenotype and inhibited NF-κB signaling via suppression of PTEN-STT and AKT-S473 phosphorylation. Our results show how NDRG2 expression serves as a critical determinant of the invasive and metastatic capacity of OSCC. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2363-74. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Tamura
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomonaga Ichikawa
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakahata
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yudai Kondo
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuri Tagawa
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Baba
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Futakuchi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamashita
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li H, Cao J, Zhang X, Song X, Wang W, Jia S, Li Z, Jia H, Cao X, Zhou W, Lian J, Han S, Yang W, Xi Y, Lian S, Jing H. Correlation between status of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation and distant metastases of lung adenocarcinoma upon initial diagnosis based on 1063 patients in China. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 34:63-71. [PMID: 27888377 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the correlations between status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and distant metastases. A total of 1063 patients with lung adenocarcinoma indentified with status of EGFR mutations from August 2010 to May 2015 at Shanxi Cancer Hospital were enrolled. 456 patients were confirmed with EGFR mutations. The associations among EGFR mutations, clinical factors, and distant metastases at initial diagnosis were evaluated. Patients harboring EGFR mutation were more likely to be female (P < 0.001), with no smoking history (P < 0.001), brain metastases (P = 0.029), and higher ECOG performance scores (P = 0.025). The correlation between EGFR mutation status and distant metastases showed statistical significance both in univariate (P = 0.022) and in multivariate analysis (OR 1.573, 95 % CI 1.202-2.059, P = 0.001) especially in brain metastases (OR 1.675, 95 % CI 1.132-2.479, P = 0.010) and lung metastases (OR 1.571, 59 % CI 1.101-2.243 P = 0.013). Furthermore, the 19del mutations showed associations with brain metastases (OR 1.586, 95 % CI 1.028-2.447, P = 0.037), and lung metastases (OR 1.587, 95 % CI 1.065-2.346, P = 0.023). The exon 21 point mutations showed statistically significant differences in liver metastases (OR 1.987, 95 % CI 1.094-3.067, P = 0.024). In conclusion, the EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma patients were independently correlated with distant metastases. Subgroup analyses showed that patients harboring 19del mutations presented different distant metastases compared with those harboring 21 point mutaions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaqin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sufang Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengran Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Lian
- Department of Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Songye Han
- Department of Chemotherapy, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Yang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfen Xi
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenming Lian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxing Jing
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Imageology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shahabi A, Lewinger JP, Ren J, April C, Sherrod AE, Hacia JG, Daneshmand S, Gill I, Pinski JK, Fan JB, Stern MC. Novel Gene Expression Signature Predictive of Clinical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy in Early Stage Prostate Cancer Patients. Prostate 2016; 76:1239-56. [PMID: 27272349 PMCID: PMC9015679 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current clinical tools have limited accuracy in differentiating patients with localized prostate cancer who are at risk of recurrence from patients with indolent disease. We aimed to identify a gene expression signature that jointly with clinical variables could improve upon the prediction of clinical recurrence after RP for patients with stage T2 PCa. METHODS The study population includes consented patients who underwent a radical retropubic prostatectomy (RP) and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection at the University of Southern California in the PSA-era (1988-2008). We used a nested case-control study of 187 organ-confined patients (pT2N0M0): 154 with no recurrence ("controls") and 33 with clinical recurrence ("cases"). RNA was obtained from laser capture microdissected malignant glands representative of the overall Gleason score of each patient. Whole genome gene expression profiles (29,000 transcripts) were obtained using the Whole Genome DASL HT platform (Illumina, Inc). A gene expression signature of PCa clinical recurrence was identified using stability selection with elastic net regularized logistic regression. Three existing datasets generated with the Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0ST array were used for validation: Mayo Clinic (MC, n = 545), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (SKCC, n = 150), and Erasmus Medical Center (EMC, n = 48). The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were obtained using repeated fivefold cross-validation. RESULTS A 28-gene expression signature was identified that jointly with key clinical variables (age, Gleason score, pre-operative PSA level, and operation year) was predictive of clinical recurrence (AUC of clinical variables only was 0.67, AUC of clinical variables, and 28-gene signature was 0.99). The AUC of this gene signature fitted in each of the external datasets jointly with clinical variables was 0.75 (0.72-0.77) (MC), 0.90 (0.86-0.94) (MSKCC), and 0.82 (0.74-0.91) (EMC), whereas the AUC for clinical variables only in each dataset was 0.72 (0.70-0.74), 0.86 (0.82-0.91), and 0.76 (0.67-0.85), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We report a novel gene-expression based classifier identified using agnostic approaches from whole genome expression profiles that can improve upon the accuracy of clinical indicators to stratify early stage localized patients at risk of clinical recurrence after RP. Prostate 76:1239-1256, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahva Shahabi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Juan Pablo Lewinger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Andy E. Sherrod
- Department of Pathology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph G. Hacia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | - Siamak Daneshmand
- Department of Urology and USC Institute of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | - Inderbir Gill
- Department of Urology and USC Institute of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jacek K. Pinski
- Department of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jian-Bing Fan
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
- AnchorDx Corporation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mariana C. Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology and USC Institute of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
- Correspondence to: Dr. Mariana C. Stern, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 5421A, Los Angeles, CA 90089.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Izgi K, Canatan H, Iskender B. Current status in cancer cell reprogramming and its clinical implications. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 143:371-383. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
11
|
Bizzarro V, Belvedere R, Milone MR, Pucci B, Lombardi R, Bruzzese F, Popolo A, Parente L, Budillon A, Petrella A. Annexin A1 is involved in the acquisition and maintenance of a stem cell-like/aggressive phenotype in prostate cancer cells with acquired resistance to zoledronic acid. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25076-92. [PMID: 26312765 PMCID: PMC4694816 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have characterized the role of annexin A1 (ANXA1) in the acquisition and maintenance of stem-like/aggressive features in prostate cancer (PCa) cells comparing zoledronic acid (ZA)-resistant DU145R80 with their parental DU145 cells. ANXA1 is over-expressed in DU145R80 cells and its down-regulation abolishes their resistance to ZA. Moreover, ANXA1 induces DU145 and DU145R80 invasiveness acting through formyl peptide receptors (FPRs). Also, ANXA1 knockdown is able to inhibit epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to reduce focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and metalloproteases (MMP)-2/9 expression in PCa cells. DU145R80 show a cancer stem cell (CSC)-like signature with a high expression of CSC markers including CD44, CD133, NANOG, Snail, Oct4 and ALDH7A1 and CSC-related genes as STAT3. Interestingly, ANXA1 knockdown induces these cells to revert from a putative prostate CSC to a more differentiated phenotype resembling DU145 PCa cell signature. Similar results are obtained concerning some drug resistance-related genes such as ATP Binding Cassette G2 (ABCG2) and Lung Resistant Protein (LRP). Our study provides new insights on the role of ANXA1 protein in PCa onset and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Rita Milone
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pucci
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Lombardi
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruzzese
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Ada Popolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Luca Parente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mimeault M, Rachagani S, Muniyan S, Seshacharyulu P, Johansson SL, Datta K, Lin MF, Batra SK. Inhibition of hedgehog signaling improves the anti-carcinogenic effects of docetaxel in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3887-903. [PMID: 25682877 PMCID: PMC4414161 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of docetaxel-based chemotherapeutic treatments has improved the survival of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. However, most patients develop resistance supporting the development of therapy. The current study was undertaken to establish the therapeutic benefit to target hedgehog signaling cascade using GDC-0449 to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drug, docetaxel. Here, we show that the combination of GDC-0449 plus docetaxel inhibited the proliferation of WPE1-NB26 cells and PC3 cells via a blockade of G1 and G2M phases. The combined treatment significantly inhibited PC cell migration in vitro. Moreover, the apoptotic effect induced by GDC-0449 plus docetaxel on PC3 cells was mediated, at least partly, via the mitochondrial membrane depolarization, H2O2 production and caspase cascade activation. Interestingly, GDC-0449 was effective at inhibiting the prostasphere formation, inducing the prostasphere disintegration and apoptotic death of side population (SP) from PC3 cells and reversing the resistance of SP cells to docetaxel. In addition, GDC-0449 plus docetaxel also have shown a greater anti-tumoral growth inhibitory effect on PC3 cell xenografts. These findings support the use of the hedgehog inhibitor GDC-0449, which is currently in clinical trials, for improving the anticarcinogenic efficacy of docetaxel-based chemotherapeutic treatments against locally advanced, AI and metastatic PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sakthivel Muniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Sonny L Johansson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
EGFR mutations are associated with higher incidence of distant metastases and smaller tumor size in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer based on PET/CT scan. Med Oncol 2015; 33:1. [PMID: 26589606 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the correlation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation with tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan. Patients diagnosed with NSCLC who underwent EGFR mutation status testing and PET/CT or PET/CT plus brain magnetic resonance imaging scan at initial diagnosis in Nanfang Hospital between July 2010 and June 2014 were consecutively enrolled. The correlation of EGFR mutation status with TNM stage and distant metastasis organs including brain, bone, liver, pleural, adrenals and contralateral lobe of lung were analyzed. A total of 401 patients were enrolled. Tumor size in EGFR mutation group was significantly smaller than the wild-type group (P < 0.001). Further, patients with EGFR mutations were demonstrated significantly more frequent in patients with distant metastasis than non-metastasis (45.7 vs 32.2 %, P = 0.007). The rates of bone (32.2 vs 22.8 %, P = 0.007) and brain (16.3 vs 9.4 %, P = 0.008) metastasis were significantly higher in EGFR mutation group than the wild-type group. In the subgroup of 199 metastatic NSCLC patients, patients with EGFR mutation were significantly associated with a smaller tumor size (P = 0.013) and earlier N stage (P = 0.033). Of note, compared with the EGFR wild-type group, patients had a higher likelihood of developing brain plus bone metastases at initial diagnosis of EGFR mutation group (20.9 vs 7.5 %, P = 0.018). Taken together, we identify that EGFR mutations might associate with more aggressive tumor progression than the wild types in NSCLC. In addition, patients with tumor having EGFR mutation had a smaller tumor size than without mutation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Li H, Liu W, Chen W, Zhu J, Deng CX, Rodgers GP. Olfactomedin 4 deficiency promotes prostate neoplastic progression and is associated with upregulation of the hedgehog-signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16974. [PMID: 26581960 PMCID: PMC4652203 DOI: 10.1038/srep16974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) gene expression is associated with the progression of human prostate cancer, but its role and the molecular mechanisms involved in this process have not been completely understood. In this study, we found that Olfm4-knockout mice developed prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma. Importantly, we found that the hedgehog-signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in the Olfm4-knockout mouse model. We also found that restoration of OLFM4 in human prostate-cancer cells that lack OLFM4 expression significantly downregulated hedgehog signaling-pathway component expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the OLFM4 protein interacts with sonic hedgehog protein, as well as significantly inhibits GLI-reporter activity. Bioinformatic and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that decreased OLFM4 and increased SHH expression was significantly associated with advanced human prostate cancer. Thus, olfactomedin 4 appears to play a critical role in regulating progression of prostate cancer, and has potential as a new biomarker for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Li
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenli Liu
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiping Chen
- Genomics Core Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jianqiong Zhu
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Griffin P Rodgers
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Lertpiriyapong K, Fitzgerald TL, Martelli AM, Cocco L, Rakus D, Gizak A, Terrian D, Steelman LS, McCubrey JA. Novel roles of androgen receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, TP53, regulatory RNAs, NF-kappa-B, chromosomal translocations, neutrophil associated gelatinase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in prostate cancer and prostate cancer stem cells. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 60:64-87. [PMID: 26525204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one in six men will be diagnosed with some form of prostate cancer in their lifetime. Over 250,000 men worldwide die annually due to complications from prostate cancer. While advancements in prostate cancer screening and therapies have helped in lowering this statistic, better tests and more effective therapies are still needed. This review will summarize the novel roles of the androgen receptor (AR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the EGFRvIII variant, TP53, long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRs), NF-kappa-B, chromosomal translocations, neutrophil associated gelatinase, (NGAL), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells (CSC) have on the diagnosis, development and treatment of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William H Chappell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - David Terrian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cecchi F, Lih CJ, Lee YH, Walsh W, Rabe DC, Williams PM, Bottaro DP. Expression array analysis of the hepatocyte growth factor invasive program. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 32:659-76. [PMID: 26231668 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Signaling by human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) via its cell surface receptor (MET) drives mitogenesis, motogenesis and morphogenesis in a wide spectrum of target cell types and embryologic, developmental and homeostatic contexts. Oncogenic pathway activation also contributes to tumorigenesis and cancer progression, including tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, in several prevalent malignancies. The HGF gene encodes full-length hHGF and two truncated isoforms known as NK1 and NK2. NK1 induces all three HGF activities at modestly reduced potency, whereas NK2 stimulates only motogenesis and enhances HGF-driven tumor metastasis in transgenic mice. Prior studies have shown that mouse HGF (mHGF) also binds with high affinity to human MET. Here we show that, like NK2, mHGF stimulates cell motility, invasion and spontaneous metastasis of PC3M human prostate adenocarcinoma cells in mice through human MET. To identify target genes and signaling pathways associated with motogenic and metastatic HGF signaling, i.e., the HGF invasive program, gene expression profiling was performed using PC3M cells treated with hHGF, NK2 or mHGF. Results obtained using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software showed significant overlap with networks and pathways involved in cell movement and metastasis. Interrogating The Cancer Genome Atlas project also identified a subset of 23 gene expression changes in PC3M with a strong tendency for co-occurrence in prostate cancer patients that were associated with significantly decreased disease-free survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Cecchi
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1501, USA
| | - Chih-Jian Lih
- Molecular Characterization and Clinical Assay Development Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. and Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Young H Lee
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1501, USA
| | - William Walsh
- Molecular Characterization and Clinical Assay Development Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. and Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Daniel C Rabe
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1501, USA
| | - Paul M Williams
- Molecular Characterization and Clinical Assay Development Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. and Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Donald P Bottaro
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1501, USA. .,Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bldg 10 CRC Rm 2-3952, 10 Center Drive MSC 1107, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang MC, Li CL, Cui J, Jiao M, Wu T, Jing LI, Nan KJ. BMI-1, a promising therapeutic target for human cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:583-588. [PMID: 26622537 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BMI-1 oncogene is a member of the polycomb-group gene family and a transcriptional repressor. Overexpression of BMI-1 has been identified in various human cancer tissues and is known to be involved in cancer cell proliferation, cell invasion, distant metastasis, chemosensitivity and patient survival. Accumulating evidence has revealed that BMI-1 is also involved in the regulation of self-renewal, differentiation and tumor initiation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these biological processes remain unclear. The present review summarized the function of BMI-1 in different human cancer types and CSCs, and discussed the signaling pathways in which BMI-1 is potentially involved. In conclusion, BMI-1 may represent a promising target for the prevention and therapy of various cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Min Jiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - L I Jing
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jun Nan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li X, Li P, Chang Y, Xu Q, Wu Z, Ma Q, Wang Z. The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 392:77-84. [PMID: 24658853 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells play a role in the migration process of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Here, we address the role of the stromal-derived factor-1/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (SDF-1/CXCR4) axis on hepatocellular carcinoma progression. The expression of the SDF-1 and the CXCR4 was determined through western blotting and real-time PCR analysis using hepatic stellate (LX02) and hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC97, SMMC7721, Hep3B, and HepG2) cell lines depleted of CXCR4 using shRNA. The migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells following exogenous treatment with SDF-1 or in co-culture cell systems was measured using the Transwell assay. In parallel, the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was also determined. We found that SDF-1 is highly expressed in the hepatic stellate cell line LX02 and that the hepatocellular carcinoma cells express high levels of CXCR4. Co-culturing hepatocellular carcinoma cells with LX02 or exogenous treatment with SDF-1 induced an EMT as shown by increased migration. In contrast, ablation of CXCR4 expression in HepG2 cells attenuated the migration of HepG2 cells and suppressed the EMT. Thus, hepatic stellate cells can promote hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion through the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Campbell JG, Miller DC, Cundiff DD, Feng Q, Litofsky NS. Neural stem/progenitor cells react to non-glial cns neoplasms. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:53. [PMID: 25713758 PMCID: PMC4328003 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that the normal human brain contains populations of neural stem/progenitor cells. Recent studies suggest that they migrate toward a variety of CNS tissue injuries. In an investigation of the potential role of neural stem cells in the pathogenesis of primary CNS lymphomas (NHL-CNS), we observed that neural stem/progenitor cells appeared to accumulate at the border of the tumors with the brain and in the advancing edge of the tumors, in a pattern similar to that seen with reactive gliosis. We identified neural stem/progenitor cells using standard immunohistochemical markers thereof, including CD133, nestin, Group II Beta-tubulin, Musashi1, and the transcription factor Sox2, in neurosurgically obtained specimens of NHL-CNS metastatic carcinoma , and metastatic melanoma . We had similar results with each of these markers but found that Sox2 antibodies provided the clearest and most robust labeling of the cells at the borders of these non-glial tumors. To exclude that the immunoreactive cells were actually neoplastic, double-label immunohistochemistry for Sox2 and CD20 (for NHL-CNS), Sox2 and cytokeratin (CAM5.2, for carcinomas), or Sox2 and HMB45 (for melanomas) showed that in each tumor type, Sox2-immunoreactive cells adjacent to and among the tumor cells were separate from neoplastic cells. Sox2/GFAP double-labeling revealed a consistent pattern of Sox2 immunopositivity both in reactive GFAP-immunopositive astrocytes and in GFAP-negative cells, at the interface of tumor and non-neoplastic brain. These results suggest that neural stem/progenitor cells migrate to non-glial neoplasms in the CNS, are a source of reactive astrocytes, and that Sox2 is a reliable immunohistochemical marker for these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Griffin Campbell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurological Surgery, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri USA
| | - Douglas C Miller
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, M263 Medical Science Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212 USA
| | - Diane D Cundiff
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, M263 Medical Science Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212 USA
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurological Surgery, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri USA
| | - N Scott Litofsky
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurological Surgery, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ferruelo A, de las Heras M, Redondo C, Ramón de Fata F, Romero I, Angulo J. Wine polyphenols exert antineoplasic effect on androgen resistant PC-3 cell line through the inhibition of the transcriptional activity of COX-2 promoter mediated by NF-kβ. Actas Urol Esp 2014; 38:429-37. [PMID: 24836925 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mediterranean diet may play a role in the prevention of prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is associated with increased cellular proliferation, prevents apoptosis and favors tumor invasion. We intend to clarify whether resveratrol and other polyphenols effectively inhibit COX-2 activity and induce apoptosis in hormone-resistant PC-3 cell line. MATERIAL AND METHOD PC-3 cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of gallic acid, tannic acid, quercetin, and resveratrol in presence of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA; 50 μg/ml) that induces COX-2 expression. Total RNA was extracted and COX-2 expression was analyzed by relative quantification real-time PCR (ΔΔCt method). COX-2 activity was determined by PGE-2 detection using ELISA. Caspase 3/7 luminescence assay was used to disclose apoptosis. Transitory transfection with short human COX-2 (phPES2 -327/+59) and p5xNF-kβ-Luc plasmids determined COX-2 promoter activity and specifically that dependant of NF-kβ. RESULTS COX-2 expression was not modified in media devoid of PMA. However, under PMA induction tannic acid (2.08 ±.21), gallic acid (2.46 ±.16), quercetin (1.78 ±.14) and resveratrol (1.15 ±.16) significantly inhibited COX-2 mRNA with respect to control (3.14 ±.07), what means a 34%, 23%, 46% and 61% reduction, respectively. The inhibition in the levels of PGE-2 followed a similar pattern. All compounds studied induced apoptosis at 48 h, although at a different rate. PMA caused a rise in activity 7.4 ±.23 times phPES2 -327/+59 and 2.0 ±.1 times p5xNF-kβ-Luc at 6h compared to basal. Resveratrol suppressed these effects 17.1 ±.21 and 32.4 ±.18 times, respectively. Similarly, but to a lesser extent, the rest of evaluated polyphenols diminished PMA inductor effect on the activity of both promoters. CONCLUSIONS Polyphenols inhibit transcriptional activity of COX-2 promoter mediated by NF-kβ. This effect could explain, at least in part, the induction of apoptosis in vitro by these substances in castration resistant PCa.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ferruelo A, Romero I, Cabrera P, Arance I, Andrés G, Angulo J. Effects of resveratrol and other wine polyphenols on the proliferation, apoptosis and androgen receptor expression in LNCaP cells. Actas Urol Esp 2014; 38:397-404. [PMID: 24726691 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To address the effect of resveratrol and other red wine polyphenols on cell proliferation, apoptosis and androgen receptor (AR) expression in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS LNCaP cells (5 × 102) were cultured in microtiter plate modules and treated with gallic acid, tannic acid and quercetin (1, 5 and 10 μM), rutin and morin (25, 50 and 75 μM) and resveratrol (5, 10 and 25 μM). To address the extent of proliferation at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, a colorimetric immunoassay method was used. An activity caspase 3/7 detection assay was used to disclose apoptosis at 24, 48 and 72 hours. AR mARN levels were determined by real time RT-PCR. RESULTS All polyphenols studied significantly inhibited (P<.05) cell proliferation compared to control. However, there were moderate differences between them. Resveratrol was the strongest inhibitor at different times and doses. Also, caspase-3 and caspase-7 activity was significantly higher (P<.05) than control in the presence of all the compounds, but the earlier response was achieved by resveratrol. Resveratrol, quercetin and morin were the only nutrients that significantly inhibited AR mRNA expression. Again resveratrol produced the highest inhibition (90-250 times less than control), followed by morin (67-100 times) and quercetin (55-91 times). CONCLUSIONS All polyphenols studied showed important antiproliferative effects and induced apoptosis when added to LNCaP cells culture. We confirm that resveratrol, morin and quercetin may achieve such effect through reduced expression of AR. The synergistic effects of these compounds and their potential to prevent progression of hormone-dependent prostate cancer merit further study.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ferruelo A, Romero I, Cabrera P, Arance I, Andrés G, Angulo J. Effects of resveratrol and other wine polyphenols on the proliferation, apoptosis and androgen receptor expression in LNCaP cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
Fujimoto D, Ueda H, Shimizu R, Kato R, Otoshi T, Kawamura T, Tamai K, Shibata Y, Matsumoto T, Nagata K, Otsuka K, Nakagawa A, Otsuka K, Katakami N, Tomii K. Features and prognostic impact of distant metastasis in patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutations: importance of bone metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:543-51. [PMID: 24682604 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and signaling pathways were associated with multiple brain and intra-pulmonary metastases, oncogenic progression and metastasis. However, features of metastasis to other organs and the independent prognostic influence of metastatic lesions were not elucidated in patients with lung cancer harboring EGFR mutations. Between January 2007 and April 2012, we treated 277 patients diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma. Studied were 246 patients with available tumor EGFR mutation data who also underwent radiographic evaluation of lung, abdominal, brain, and bone metastases. The EGFR mutated group (N = 98) had significantly more metastatic lesions in the brain and bone than the wild-type group (N = 148): brain, 3 (1-93) versus 2 (1-32) median (range), P = 0.023; bone, 3 (1-43) versus 2 (1-27), P = 0.035, respectively. In addition, EGFR mutations were significantly more frequent in patients with multiple than non-multiple lung metastases (24/40 vs. 12/42, P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis showed that bone metastasis was a significant independent negative predictive factor of overall survival (OS) in patients with mutated [hazard ratio (HR) 2.04; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.17-3.64; P = 0.011] and wild-type EGFR (HR 2.09; 95 % CI 1.37-3.20; P < 0.001). In conclusion, patients with mutated EGFR had more lung, brain, and bone metastases, and bone metastasis was an independent negative predictor of OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Fujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bansal N, Davis S, Tereshchenko I, Budak-Alpdogan T, Zhong H, Stein MN, Kim IY, DiPaola RS, Bertino JR, Sabaawy HE. Enrichment of human prostate cancer cells with tumor initiating properties in mouse and zebrafish xenografts by differential adhesion. Prostate 2014; 74:187-200. [PMID: 24154958 PMCID: PMC3939797 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate tumor-initiating cells (TICs) have intrinsic resistance to current therapies. TICs are commonly isolated by cell sorting or dye exclusion, however, isolating TICs from limited primary prostate cancer (PCa) tissues is inherently inefficient. We adapted the collagen adherence feature to develop a combined immunophenotypic and time-of-adherence assay to identify human prostate TICs. METHODS PCa cells from multiple cell lines and primary tissues were allowed to adhere to several matrix molecules, and fractions of adherent cells were examined for their TIC properties. RESULTS Collagen I rapidly-adherent PCa cells have significantly higher clonogenic, migration, and invasion abilities, and initiated more tumor xenografts in mice when compared to slowly-adherent and no-adherent cells. To determine the relative frequency of TICs among PCa cell lines and primary PCa cells, we utilized zebrafish xenografts to define the tumor initiation potential of serial dilutions of rapidly-adherent α2β1(hi) /CD44(hi) cells compared to non-adherent cells with α2β1(low) /CD44(low) phenotype. Tumor initiation from rapidly-adherent α2β1(hi) /CD44(hi) TICs harboring the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion generated xenografts comprising of PCa cells expressing Erg, AMACR, and PSA. Moreover, PCa-cell dissemination was consistently observed in the immune-permissive zebrafish microenvironment from as-few-as 3 rapidly-adherent α2β1(hi) /CD44(hi) cells. In zebrafish xenografts, self-renewing prostate TICs comprise 0.02-0.9% of PC3 cells, 0.3-1.3% of DU145 cells, and 0.22-14.3% of primary prostate adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSION Zebrafish PCa xenografts were used to determine that the frequency of prostate TICs varies among PCa cell lines and primary PCa tissues. These data support a paradigm of utilizing zebrafish xenografts to evaluate novel therapies targeting TICs in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Bansal
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
| | - Stephani Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
| | - Irina Tereshchenko
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
| | - Tulin Budak-Alpdogan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
| | - Mark N. Stein
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
| | - Isaac Yi Kim
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
| | - Robert S. DiPaola
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
| | - Joseph R. Bertino
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
- Corresponding authors: J. R. Bertino, M.D., Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, Room 3033, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681, USA. Telephone: 732-235-8510, . H. E. Sabaawy, M.D., Ph.D., Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, Room 4557, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681, USA. Telephone: 732-235-8081,
| | - Hatem E. Sabaawy
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
- Corresponding authors: J. R. Bertino, M.D., Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, Room 3033, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681, USA. Telephone: 732-235-8510, . H. E. Sabaawy, M.D., Ph.D., Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, Room 4557, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681, USA. Telephone: 732-235-8081,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Hart M, Nolte E, Wach S, Szczyrba J, Taubert H, Rau TT, Hartmann A, Grässer FA, Wullich B. Comparative microRNA profiling of prostate carcinomas with increasing tumor stage by deep sequencing. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 12:250-63. [PMID: 24337069 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED MicroRNAs (miRNA) posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression and are important in tumorigenesis. Previous deep sequencing identified the miRNA profile of prostate carcinoma versus nonmalignant prostate tissue. Here, we generated miRNA expression profiles of prostate carcinoma by deep sequencing, with increasing tumor stage relative to corresponding nonmalignant and healthy prostate tissue, and detected clearly changed miRNA expression patterns. The miRNA profiles of the healthy and nonmalignant tissues were consistent with our previous findings, indicating a high fidelity of the method employed. In the tumors, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of 40 paired samples of prostate carcinoma versus normal tissue revealed significant upregulation of miR-20a, miR-148a, miR-200b, and miR-375 and downregulation of miR-143 and miR-145. Hereby, miR-375 increased from normal to organ-confined tumors (pT2 pN0), slightly decreased in tumors with extracapsular growth (pT3 pN0), but was then expressed again at higher levels in lymph node metastasizing (pN1) tumors. The sequencing data for miR-375 were confirmed by Northern blotting and qRT-PCR. The regulation for other selected miRNAs could, however, not be confirmed by qRT-PCR in individual tumor stages. MiR-200b, in addition to miR-200c and miR-375 reduced the expression of SEC23A. Interestingly, miR-375, found by sequencing in pT2 upregulated by us and others in tumor versus normal tissue, and miR-15a, found by sequencing in pT2 and pT3 and in the metastasizing tumors, target the phosphatases PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, respectively. PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 dephosphorylate members of the AKT family of signal transducers, thereby inhibiting cell growth. Coexpression of miR-15a and miR-375 resulted in downregulation of PHLPP1/2 and strongly increased prostate carcinoma cell growth. IMPLICATIONS These genomic data reveal relevant miRNAs in prostate cancer that may have biomarker and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Saarland University Medical School; Department of Virology, Kirrbergerstrasse, Haus 47, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xie G, Karaca G, Swiderska-Syn M, Michelotti GA, Krüger L, Chen Y, Premont RT, Choi SS, Diehl AM. Cross-talk between Notch and Hedgehog regulates hepatic stellate cell fate in mice. Hepatology 2013; 58:1801-13. [PMID: 23703657 PMCID: PMC3758784 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver repair involves phenotypic changes in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and reactivation of morphogenic signaling pathways that modulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal/mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions, such as Notch and Hedgehog (Hh). Hh stimulates HSCs to become myofibroblasts (MFs). Recent lineage tracing studies in adult mice with injured livers showed that some MFs became multipotent progenitors to regenerate hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and HSCs. We studied primary HSC cultures and two different animal models of fibrosis to evaluate the hypothesis that activating the Notch pathway in HSCs stimulates them to become (and remain) MFs through a mechanism that involves an epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition and requires cross-talk with the canonical Hh pathway. We found that when cultured HSCs transitioned into MFs, they activated Hh signaling, underwent an epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition, and increased Notch signaling. Blocking Notch signaling in MFs/HSCs suppressed Hh activity and caused a mesenchymal-to-epithelial-like transition. Inhibiting the Hh pathway suppressed Notch signaling and also induced a mesenchymal-to-epithelial-like transition. Manipulating Hh and Notch signaling in a mouse multipotent progenitor cell line evoked similar responses. In mice, liver injury increased Notch activity in MFs and Hh-responsive MF progeny (i.e., HSCs and ductular cells). Conditionally disrupting Hh signaling in MFs of bile-duct-ligated mice inhibited Notch signaling and blocked accumulation of both MF and ductular cells. CONCLUSIONS The Notch and Hedgehog pathways interact to control the fate of key cell types involved in adult liver repair by modulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like/mesenchymal-to-epithelial-like transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Gamze Karaca
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Leandi Krüger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Yuping Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Steve S. Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Durham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cui SY, Wang R, Chen LB. MicroRNAs: key players of taxane resistance and their therapeutic potential in human cancers. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:1207-17. [PMID: 24106980 PMCID: PMC4159023 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful long-term use of taxane for cancer therapy is often prevented by the development of drug resistance in clinic. Thus, exploring the mechanisms involved is a first step towards rational strategies to overcome taxane resistance. Taxane resistance-related microRNA (miRNAs) are under investigation and miRNAs could induce the taxane resistance of tumour cells by regulating cell cycle distribution, survival and/or apoptosis pathways, drug transports, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell. This article summarizes current research involving miRNAs as regulators of key target genes for tanxanxe chemoresistance and discusses the complex regulatory networks of miRNAs. Also, the authors will envisage future developments towards the potential use of targeting miRNAs as a novel strategy for improving response of tumour patients to taxane. miRNAs play critical roles in taxane chemoresistance and the miRNA-based therapies will be helpful for overcoming drug resistance and developing more effective personalized anti-cancer treatment strategies. Further research studies should be performed to promote therapeutic–clinical use of taxane resistance-related miRNAs in cancer patients, especially in those patients with taxane-resistant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yun Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cipriano M, Häggström J, Hammarsten P, Fowler CJ. Association between cannabinoid CB₁ receptor expression and Akt signalling in prostate cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65798. [PMID: 23755281 PMCID: PMC3673925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In prostate cancer, tumour expression of cannabinoid CB1 receptors is associated with a poor prognosis. One explanation for this association comes from experiments with transfected astrocytoma cells, where a high CB receptor expression recruits the Akt signalling survival pathway. In the present study, we have investigated the association between CB1 receptor expression and the Akt pathway in a well-characterised prostate cancer tissue microarray. Methodology/Principal Findings Phosphorylated Akt immunoreactivity (pAkt-IR) scores were available in the database. CB1 receptor immunoreactivity (CB1IR) was rescored from previously published data using the same scale as pAkt-IR. There was a highly significant correlation between CB1IR and pAkt-IR. Further, cases with high expression levels of both biomarkers were much more likely to have a more severe form of the disease at diagnosis than those with low expression levels. The two biomarkers had additive effects, rather than an interaction, upon disease-specific survival. Conclusions/Significance The present study provides data that is consistent with the hypothesis that at a high CB1 receptor expression, the Akt signalling pathway becomes operative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Cipriano
- Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jenny Häggström
- Umeå School of Business and Economics, Department of Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Hammarsten
- Pathology, Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christopher J. Fowler
- Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
NVP-LDE-225 (Erismodegib) inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and human prostate cancer stem cell growth in NOD/SCID IL2Rγ null mice by regulating Bmi-1 and microRNA-128. Oncogenesis 2013; 2:e42. [PMID: 23567619 PMCID: PMC3641359 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2013.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined by their extensive self-renewal, differentiation and tumor initiation properties. It is now clear that CSCs are involved in tumor growth and recurrence, and resistance to conventional treatments. The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway has a crucial role in stemness and tumorigenesis. Thus, the strategy that suppresses stemness and consequently tumorigenic potential of CSCs could be considered for the management of prostate cancer. The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular mechanisms, by which NVP-LDE-225/Erismodegib (smoothened inhibitor) regulates stem cell characteristics and tumor growth in prostate cancer. The effects of NVP-LDE-225 on CSC's viability, sphere formation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor growth in NOD/SCID IL2Rγ null mice were examined. NVP-LDE-225 inhibited cell viability and spheroid formation, and induced apoptosis by activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). NVP-LDE-225 induced expression of Bax and Bak, and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, XIAP, cIAP1, cIAP2 and survivin. NVP-LDE-225 inhibited Gli transcriptional activity, Gli-DNA interaction and the expression of Gli1, Gli2, Patched1 and Patched-2 in prostate CSCs. Interestingly, NVP-LDE-225 induced PDCD4 and apoptosis and inhibited cell viability by suppressing miR-21. Furthermore, NVP-LDE-225 inhibited pluripotency-maintaining factors Nanog, Oct-4, c-Myc and Sox-2. The inhibition of Bmi-1 by NVP-LDE-225 was regulated by upregulation of miR-128. NVP-LDE-225 suppressed EMT by upregulating E-cadherin and inhibiting N-cadherin, Snail, Slug and Zeb1 by regulating the miR-200 family. Finally, NVP-LDE-225 inhibited CSC tumor growth, which was associated with the suppression of Gli1, Gli2, Patched-1, Patched-2, Cyclin D1, Bmi-1 and PCNA and cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP in tumor tissues derived from NOD/SCID IL2Rγ null mice. Overall, our findings suggest that inhibition of the Shh signaling pathway could therefore be a novel therapeutic option in treating prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
31
|
Schreiber C, Kuch V, Umansky V, Sleeman JP. Autochthonous mouse melanoma and mammary tumors do not express the pluripotency genes Oct4 and Nanog. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57465. [PMID: 23468991 PMCID: PMC3585372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factors Oct4 and Nanog maintain pluripotency and self-renewal in embryonic stem cells. In somatic cells, inappropriate expression of these genes has been associated with loss of differentiation, malignant transformation, and the acquisition of cancer stem cell-like properties. As cancer stem cells have been suggested to underlie the growth and malignancy of tumors, Oct4 and Nanog may represent therapeutic targets. Their expression could also act as a marker of the cancer stem cell population, permitting its isolation and characterisation. Nevertheless, the existence of multiple pseudogenes and isoforms of these genes has complicated the interpretation of the data that supports a role for Oct4 and Nanog in the cancer context. Here we addressed this issue using knockin mice in which IRES elements are used to allow GFP expression under the control of the endogenous Oct4 or Nanog promoters, while maintaining correct expression of the Oct4 or Nanog gene. These mice were crossed with MT/ret mice that develop melanomas, and with MMTV-PyMT mice and MMTV-Neu mice that develop mammary adenocarcinomas. We analysed the tumors that developed in these compound mice for GFP expression. In this way we could assess transcription of Oct4 and Nanog in autochthonous cancers without the complication of factors such as pseudogene expression, alternative splicing and antibody specificity. Both the Oct4 and Nanog knockin tumor-bearing mice expressed GFP in blastocysts and testes as expected. However, we could find no evidence for expression of the GFP reporter above background levels in tumors using FACS, qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, cultivation of Oct4GFP and NanogGFP MMTV-PyMT tumor cells either adherently or as spheroids had no effect on the expression of the GFP reporter. Together these data suggest that Oct4 and Nanog are not expressed in tumor cells that arise in the autochthonous cancer models studied here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schreiber
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Marked improvement of cytotoxic effects induced by docetaxel on highly metastatic and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells by downregulating macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1079-91. [PMID: 23449353 PMCID: PMC3619053 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Overexpression of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) frequently occurs during the progression of prostate cancer (PC) to androgen-independent (AI) and metastatic disease states and is associated with a poor outcome of patients. Methods: The gain- and loss-of-function analyses of MIC-1 were performed to establish its implications for aggressive and chemoresistant phenotypes of metastatic and AI PC cells and the benefit of its downregulation for reversing docetaxel resistance. Results: The results have indicated that an enhanced level of secreted MIC-1 protein in PC3 cells is associated with their acquisition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition features and higher invasive capacity and docetaxel resistance. Importantly, the downregulation of MIC-1 in LNCaP-LN3 and PC3M-LN4 cells significantly decreased their invasive capacity and promoted the antiproliferative, anti-invasive and mitochrondrial- and caspase-dependent apoptotic effects induced by docetaxel. The downregulation of MIC-1 in PC3M-LN4 cells was also effective in promoting the cytotoxic effects induced by docetaxel on the side population (SP) endowed with stem cell-like properties and the non-SP cell fraction from PC3M-LN4 cells. Conclusion: These data suggest that the downregulation of MIC-1 may constitute a potential therapeutic strategy for improving the efficacy of current docetaxel-based chemotherapies, eradicating the total mass of PC cells and thereby preventing disease relapse and the death of PC patients.
Collapse
|
33
|
Mimeault M, Batra SK. Development of animal models underlining mechanistic connections between prostate inflammation and cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2013; 4:4-13. [PMID: 23539141 PMCID: PMC3609015 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v4.i1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of animal models has indicated that the genetic, dietary and environmental factors and hormonal imbalance may influence the risk to develop prostate inflammatory lesions and prostate cancer (PC) confirming human epidemiologic data. It is now established that the prostate inflammatory response typically results in major changes in the local microenvironment of epithelial cells of the prostate gland, including an intense stromal remodeling, activation of fibroblasts, infiltration of immune cells such as mast cells, macrophages and B and T lymphocytes and collagen deposition. The immune cells recruited at prostate inflammatory lesions and myofibroblasts may contribute to the release of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that in turn can promote the oxidative stress, genomic instability and proliferation of epithelial cells. The accumulation of additional genetic and/or epigenetic alterations in prostatic stem/progenitor cells may subsequently culminate to their malignant transformation and PC initiation and progression and more particularly with advancing age. The potential mechanistic relationships between the molecular events associated with the persistent inflammatory response and prostate carcinogenesis have important implications for optimizing the current therapies against different prostatic disorders and PCs.
Collapse
|
34
|
Mimeault M, Batra SK. Emergence of zebrafish models in oncology for validating novel anticancer drug targets and nanomaterials. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:128-40. [PMID: 22903142 PMCID: PMC3562372 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo zebrafish models have recently attracted great attention in molecular oncology to investigate multiple genetic alterations associated with the development of human cancers and validate novel anticancer drug targets. Particularly, the transparent zebrafish models can be used as a xenotransplantation system to rapidly assess the tumorigenicity and metastatic behavior of cancer stem and/or progenitor cells and their progenies. Moreover, the zebrafish models have emerged as powerful tools for an in vivo testing of novel anticancer agents and nanomaterials for counteracting tumor formation and metastases and improving the efficacy of current radiation and chemotherapeutic treatments against aggressive, metastatic and lethal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mimeault M, Batra SK. Hypoxia-inducing factors as master regulators of stemness properties and altered metabolism of cancer- and metastasis-initiating cells. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:30-54. [PMID: 23301832 PMCID: PMC3560853 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating lines of experimental evidence have revealed that hypoxia-inducible factors, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, are key regulators of the adaptation of cancer- and metastasis-initiating cells and their differentiated progenies to oxygen and nutrient deprivation during cancer progression under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Particularly, the sustained stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), stem cell factor (SCF) receptor KIT, transforming growth factor-β receptors (TGF-βRs) and Notch and their downstream signalling elements such as phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR) may lead to an enhanced activity of HIFs. Moreover, the up-regulation of HIFs in cancer cells may also occur in the hypoxic intratumoral regions formed within primary and secondary neoplasms as well as in leukaemic cells and metastatic prostate and breast cancer cells homing in the hypoxic endosteal niche of bone marrow. The activated HIFs may induce the expression of numerous gene products such as induced pluripotency-associated transcription factors (Oct-3/4, Nanog and Sox-2), glycolysis- and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programme-associated molecules, including CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), snail and twist, microRNAs and angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These gene products in turn can play critical roles for high self-renewal ability, survival, altered energy metabolism, invasion and metastases of cancer cells, angiogenic switch and treatment resistance. Consequently, the targeting of HIF signalling network and altered metabolic pathways represents new promising strategies to eradicate the total mass of cancer cells and improve the efficacy of current therapies against aggressive and metastatic cancers and prevent disease relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Karlou M, Tzelepi V, Maity S, Navone NM, Yang J, Hoang A, Lu JF, Logothetis CJ, Efstathiou E. Hedgehog signaling inhibition by the small molecule smoothened inhibitor GDC-0449 in the bone forming prostate cancer xenograft MDA PCa 118b. Prostate 2012; 72:1638-47. [PMID: 22457212 PMCID: PMC4977841 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hedgehog signaling is a stromal-mesenchymal pathway central to the development and homeostasis of both the prostate and the bone. Aberrant Hedgehog signaling activation has been associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness. We hypothesize that Hedgehog pathway is a candidate therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer. We confirm increased Hedgehog signaling in advanced and bone metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer and examine the pharmacodynamic effect of Smoothened inhibition by the novel reagent GDC-0449 in an experimental prostate cancer model. METHODS Hedgehog signaling component expression was assessed in tissue microarrays of high grade locally advanced and bone metastatic disease. Male SCID mice subcutaneously injected with the bone forming xenograft MDA PCa 118b were treated with GDC-0449. Hedgehog signaling in the tumor microenvironment was assessed by proteomic and species specific RNA expression and compared between GDC-0449 treated and untreated animals. RESULTS We observe Hedgehog signaling in high grade locally advanced and bone marrow infiltrating disease. Evidence of paracrine activation of Hedgehog signaling in the tumor xenograft, was provided by increased Sonic Hedgehog expression in human tumor epithelial cells, coupled with increased Gli1 and Patched1 expression in the murine stromal compartment, while normal murine stroma did not exhibit Hh signaling expression. GDC-0449 treatment attenuated Hh signaling as evidenced by reduced expression of Gli1 and Ptch1. Reduction in proliferation (Ki67) was observed with no change in tumor volume. CONCLUSIONS GDC-0449 treatment is pharmacodynamically effective as evidenced by paracrine Hedgehog signaling inhibition and results in tumor cell proliferation reduction. Understanding these observations will inform the clinical development of therapy based on Hedgehog signaling inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karlou
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The Stanford Alexander Tissue Derivatives Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1374, 1550 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009
| | - Vassiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The Stanford Alexander Tissue Derivatives Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1374, 1550 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Sankar Maity
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The Stanford Alexander Tissue Derivatives Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1374, 1550 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009
| | - Nora M. Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The Stanford Alexander Tissue Derivatives Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1374, 1550 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The Stanford Alexander Tissue Derivatives Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1374, 1550 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009
| | - Anh Hoang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The Stanford Alexander Tissue Derivatives Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1374, 1550 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009
| | - Jing-Fang Lu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The Stanford Alexander Tissue Derivatives Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1374, 1550 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The Stanford Alexander Tissue Derivatives Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1374, 1550 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009
| | - Eleni Efstathiou
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The Stanford Alexander Tissue Derivatives Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1374, 1550 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Correspondence to: Eleni Efstathiou, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1550 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, Office: 7135630894 Fax: 7135639409,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hammarsten P, Cipriano M, Josefsson A, Stattin P, Egevad L, Granfors T, Fowler CJ. Phospho-Akt immunoreactivity in prostate cancer: relationship to disease severity and outcome, Ki67 and phosphorylated EGFR expression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47994. [PMID: 23133535 PMCID: PMC3485047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the present study, we have investigated the prognostic usefulness of phosphorylated Akt immunoreactivity (pAkt-IR) in prostate cancer using a well-characterised tissue microarray from men who had undergone transurethral resection due to lower urinary tract symptoms. Methodology/Principal Findings pAkt-IR in prostate epithelial and tumour cells was assessed using a monoclonal anti-pAkt (Ser473) antibody. Immunoreactive intensity was determined for 282 (tumour) and 240 (non-mlignant tissue) cases. Tumour pAkt-IR scores correlated with Gleason score, tumour Ki67-IR (a marker of cell proliferation) and tumour phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR)-IR. For cases followed with expectancy, a high tumour pAkt-IR was associated with a poor disease-specific survival, and the prognostic information provided by this biomarker was additive to that provided by either (but not both) tumour pEFGR-IR or Ki67-IR. Upon division of the cases with respect to their Gleason scores, the prognostic value of pAkt-IR was seen for patients with Gleason score 8–10, but not for patients with Gleason score 6–7. Conclusions/Significance Tumour pAkt-IR is associated with both disease severity and disease-specific survival. However, its clinical use as a biomarker is limited, since it does not provide prognostic information in patients with Gleason scores 6–7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hammarsten
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mariateresa Cipriano
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Josefsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Egevad
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christopher J. Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
McKee CM, Xu D, Cao Y, Kabraji S, Allen D, Kersemans V, Beech J, Smart S, Hamdy F, Ishkanian A, Sykes J, Pintile M, Milosevic M, van der Kwast T, Zafarana G, Ramnarine VR, Jurisica I, Mallof C, Lam W, Bristow RG, Muschel RJ. Protease nexin 1 inhibits hedgehog signaling in prostate adenocarcinoma. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:4025-36. [PMID: 23041623 DOI: 10.1172/jci59348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma (CaP) patients are classified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups that reflect relative survival categories. While there are accepted treatment regimens for low- and high-risk patients, intermediate-risk patients pose a clinical dilemma, as treatment outcomes are highly variable for these individuals. A better understanding of the factors that regulate the progression of CaP is required to delineate risk. For example, aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is implicated in CaP progression. Here, we identify the serine protease inhibitor protease nexin 1 (PN1) as a negative regulator of Hh signaling in prostate. Using human CaP cell lines and a mouse xenograft model of CaP, we demonstrate that PN1 regulates Hh signaling by decreasing protein levels of the Hh ligand Sonic (SHH) and its downstream effectors. Furthermore, we show that SHH expression enhanced tumor growth while overexpression of PN1 inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis in mice. Finally, using comparative genome hybridization, we found that genetic alterations in Hh pathway genes correlated with worse clinical outcomes in intermediate-risk CaP patients, indicating the importance of this pathway in CaP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad M McKee
- Gray Institute of Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cytoplasmic NANOG-positive stromal cells promote human cervical cancer progression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:652-61. [PMID: 22683467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor development has long been known to resemble abnormal embryogenesis. The embryonic stem cell gene NANOG, a divergent homeodomain transcription factor that is independent of leukemia inhibitory factor, has been reported to be expressed in germ cells and in several tumor types. However, the short-term expression and role of NANOG in cervical cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that NANOG exhibits cellular shuttling behavior and increasing stromal distribution during the progression of cervical cancer. Our molecular data using RT-PCR and restriction enzyme digestion show that NANOG is mainly transcribed from the NANOG gene in cervical cancer. In addition, IHC using confocal microscopy suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one type of cytoplasmic NANOG-positive cells in cervical cancer stroma. Co-culture of cervical cancer-derived MSCs with SiHa cells showed increased proliferation characteristics in vitro and enhanced tumor growth in vivo. Our results show, for the first time to our knowledge, that MSCs are a source of cytoplasmic NANOG expression in the cervical cancer stroma and that they participate in the progression of cervical cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Our study provides evidence that NANOG is a cervical cancer progression marker and also serves as a starting point for a more extensive exploration of the cellular translocation of NANOG and the multifunctionality of the stromal microenvironment.
Collapse
|
40
|
Mimeault M, Johansson SL, Batra SK. Pathobiological implications of the expression of EGFR, pAkt, NF-κB and MIC-1 in prostate cancer stem cells and their progenies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31919. [PMID: 22384099 PMCID: PMC3285632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of prostate cancers (PCs) to locally invasive, androgen-independent and metastatic disease states is generally associated with treatment resistance and disease relapse. The present study was undertaken to establish the possibility of using a combination of specific oncogenic products, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), pAkt, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for optimizing the management of patients with localized PC at earlier disease stages. The immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence data have revealed that the expression levels of EGFR, Ser473-pAkt, NF-κB p65 and MIC-1 proteins were significantly enhanced in the same subset of 76 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma specimens during the disease progression and these biomarkers were expressed in a small subpopulation of CD133+ PC cells and the bulk tumor mass of CD133− PC cells. Importantly, all of these biomarkers were also overexpressed in 80–100% of 30 PC metastasis bone tissue specimens. Moreover, the results have indicated that the EGF-EGFR signaling pathway can provide critical functions for the self-renewal of side population (SP) cells endowed with stem cell-like features from highly invasive WPE1-NB26 cells. Of therapeutic interest, the targeting of EGFR, pAkt, NF-κB or MIC-1 was also effective at suppressing the basal and EGF-promoted prostasphere formation by SP WPE1-NB26 cells, inducing disintegration of SP cell-derived prostaspheres and decreasing the viability of SP and non-SP WPE1-NB26 cell fractions. Also, the targeting of these oncogenic products induced the caspase-dependent apoptosis in chemoresistant SP WPE1-NB26 cells and enhanced their sensibility to the cytotoxic effects induced by docetaxel. These findings suggest that the combined use of EGFR, pAkt, NF-κB and/or MIC-1 may represent promising strategies for improving the accuracy of current diagnostic and prognostic methods and efficacy of treatments of PC patients in considering the disease heterogeneity, thereby preventing PC progression to metastatic and lethal disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (SKB)
| | - Sonny L. Johansson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (SKB)
| |
Collapse
|