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Riyaz S, Sun Y, Helmholz H, Medina TP, Medina OP, Wiese B, Will O, Albaraghtheh T, Mohamad FH, Hövener JB, Glüer CC, Römer RW. Inflammatory response toward a Mg-based metallic biomaterial implanted in a rat femur fracture model. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00354-4. [PMID: 38969080 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in fracture healing, by modulating the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses occurring instantly upon injury. An imbalance in these responses can lead to adverse outcomes, such as non-union of fractures. Implants are used to support and stabilize complex fractures. Biodegradable metallic implants offer the potential to avoid a second surgery for implant removal, unlike non-degradable implants. However, considering our dynamic immune system it is important to conduct in-depth studies on the immune response to these implants in living systems. In this study, we investigated the immune response to Mg and Mg-10Gd in vivo in a rat femur fracture model with external fixation. In vivo imaging using liposomal formulations was used to monitor the fluorescence-related inflammation over time. We combine ex vivo methods with our in vivo study to evaluate and understand the systemic and local effects of the implants on the immune response. We observed no significant local or systemic effects in the Mg-10Gd implanted group compared to the SHAM and Mg implanted groups over time. Our findings suggest that Mg-10Gd is a more compatible implant material than Mg, with no adverse effects observed in the early phase of fracture healing during our 4-week study. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Degradable metallic implants in form of Mg and Mg-10Gd intramedullary pins were assessed in a rat femur fracture model, alongside a non-implanted SHAM group with special respect to the potential to induce an inflammatory response. This pre-clinical study combines innovative non-invasive in vivo imaging techniques associated with multimodal, ex vivo cellular and molecular analytics. The study contributes to the development and evaluation of degradable biometals and their clinical application potential. The study results indicate that Mg-10Gd did not exhibit any significant harmful effects compared to the SHAM and Mg groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Riyaz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Yu Sun
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Heike Helmholz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Tuula Penate Medina
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oula Penate Medina
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Lonza Netherlands B.V., 6167 RB Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Björn Wiese
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tamadur Albaraghtheh
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Institute of Surface Science, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Farhad Haj Mohamad
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus Christian Glüer
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit Römer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
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2
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Moellmann J, Krueger K, Wong DWL, Klinkhammer BM, Buhl EM, Dehairs J, Swinnen JV, Noels H, Jankowski J, Lebherz C, Boor P, Marx N, Lehrke M. 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine-induced nephropathy causes hexosylceramide accumulation with increased mTOR signaling, reduced levels of protective SirT3 expression and impaired renal mitochondrial function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166825. [PMID: 37536502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by increased cardiovascular risk and heart failure (HF). In rodents, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA)-induced nephropathy is a frequently used CKD model. Cardiac and kidney tubular cells share high energy demand to guarantee constant contractive force of the heart or reabsorption/secretion of primary filtrated molecules and waste products by the kidney. Here we analyze time-dependent mechanisms of kidney damage and cardiac consequences under consideration of energetic pathways with the focus on mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS CKD was induced by alternating dietary adenine supplementation (0.2 % or 0.05 % of adenine) in C57BL/6J mice for 9 weeks. Progressive kidney damage led to reduced creatinine clearance, kidney fibrosis and renal inflammation after 3, 6, and 9 weeks. No difference in cardiac function, mitochondrial respiration nor left ventricular fibrosis was observed at any time point. Investigating mechanisms of renal damage, protective SirT3 was decreased in CKD, which contrasted an increase in protein kinase B (AKT) expression, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) downstream signaling, induction of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This occurred together with impaired renal mitochondrial function and accumulation of hexosylceramides (HexCer) as an established mediator of inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS 2,8-DHA-induced CKD results in renal activation of the mTOR downstream signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, tubular injury, fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and impaired kidney mitochondrial function in conjunction with renal hexosylceramide accumulation in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moellmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Krueger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dickson W L Wong
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Barbara M Klinkhammer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva M Buhl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Corinna Lebherz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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3
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Li X, Yin Z, Yan W, Wang M, Chang C, Guo C, Xue L, Zhou Q, Sun Y. Association between Changes in Plasma Metabolism and Clinical Outcomes of Sepsis. Emerg Med Int 2023; 2023:2590115. [PMID: 37346225 PMCID: PMC10281824 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2590115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Current prognostic biomarkers for sepsis have limited sensitivity and specificity. This study aimed to investigate dynamic lipid metabolomics and their association with septic immune response and clinical outcomes of sepsis. This prospective cohort study included patients with sepsis who met the Sepsis 3.0 criteria. On hospitalization days 1 (D1) and 7 (D7), plasma samples were collected, and patients underwent liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 40 patients were enrolled in the study, 24 (60%) of whom were men. The median age of the enrolled patients was 81 (68-84) years. Thirty-one (77.5%) patients had a primary infection site of the lung. Participants were allocated to the survivor (25 cases) and nonsurvivor (15 cases) groups based on their 28-day survival status. Ultimately, a total of 113 lipids were detected in plasma samples on D 1 and D 7, of which 42 lipids were most abundant in plasma samples. The nonsurvival group had significantly lower lipid expression levels in lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) (16 : 0, 17 : 0,18 : 0) and 18 : 1 SM than those in the survival group (p < 0.05) on D7-D1. The correlation analysis showed that D7-D1 16 : 0 LysoPC (r = 0.367, p = 0.036),17 : 0 LysoPC (r = 0.389, p = 0.025) and 18 : 0 LysoPC(r = 0.472, p = 0.006) levels were positively correlated with the percentage of CD3+ T cell in the D7-D1. Plasma LysoPC and SM changes may serve as prognostic biomarkers for sepsis, and lipid metabolism may play a role in septic immune disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhongnan Yin
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chun Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenglin Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qingtao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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4
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Chen P, Wu M, He Y, Jiang B, He ML. Metabolic alterations upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential therapeutic targets against coronavirus infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:237. [PMID: 37286535 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global pandemic due to the high viral transmissibility and pathogenesis, bringing enormous burden to our society. Most patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. Although only a small proportion of patients progressed to severe COVID-19 with symptoms including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated coagulopathy, and cardiovascular disorders, severe COVID-19 is accompanied by high mortality rates with near 7 million deaths. Nowadays, effective therapeutic patterns for severe COVID-19 are still lacking. It has been extensively reported that host metabolism plays essential roles in various physiological processes during virus infection. Many viruses manipulate host metabolism to avoid immunity, facilitate their own replication, or to initiate pathological response. Targeting the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host metabolism holds promise for developing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies dedicated to uncovering the role of host metabolism during the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in aspects of entry, replication, assembly, and pathogenesis with an emphasis on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Microbiota and long COVID-19 are also discussed. Ultimately, we recapitulate metabolism-modulating drugs repurposed for COVID-19 including statins, ASM inhibitors, NSAIDs, Montelukast, omega-3 fatty acids, 2-DG, and metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mandi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaqing He
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Binghua Jiang
- Cell Signaling and Proteomic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China.
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5
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Beyer D, Hoff J, Sommerfeld O, Zipprich A, Gaßler N, Press AT. The liver in sepsis: molecular mechanism of liver failure and their potential for clinical translation. Mol Med 2022; 28:84. [PMID: 35907792 PMCID: PMC9338540 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver failure is a life-threatening complication of infections restricting the host's response to infection. The pivotal role of the liver in metabolic, synthetic, and immunological pathways enforces limits the host's ability to control the immune response appropriately, making it vulnerable to ineffective pathogen resistance and tissue damage. Deregulated networks of liver diseases are gradually uncovered by high-throughput, single-cell resolved OMICS technologies visualizing an astonishing diversity of cell types and regulatory interaction driving tolerogenic signaling in health and inflammation in disease. Therefore, this review elucidates the effects of the dysregulated host response on the liver, consequences for the immune response, and possible avenues for personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Beyer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jessica Hoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Sommerfeld
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipprich
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian T Press
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany. .,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Kastanienstr. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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6
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Zhu XX, Zhang WW, Wu CH, Wang SS, Smith FG, Jin SW, Zhang PH. The Novel Role of Metabolism-Associated Molecular Patterns in Sepsis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:915099. [PMID: 35719361 PMCID: PMC9202891 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.915099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction, is not caused by direct damage of pathogens and their toxins but by the host’s severe immune and metabolic dysfunction caused by the damage when the host confronts infection. Previous views focused on the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including metabolic proinflammatory factors in sepsis. Recently, new concepts have been proposed to group free fatty acids (FFAs), glucose, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), cholesterol, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), ceramides, and uric acid into metabolism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). The concept of MAMPs will bring new guidance to the research and potential treatments of sepsis. Nowadays, sepsis is regarded as closely related to metabolic disorders, and MAMPs play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of sepsis. According to this view, we have explained MAMPs and their possible roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Next, we have further explained the specific functions of different types of MAMPs in the metabolic process and their interactional relationship with sepsis. Finally, the therapeutic prospects of MAMPs in sepsis have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-xu Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-wu Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng-hua Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shun-shun Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Gao Smith
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Academic Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, Resuscitation and Pain, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sheng-wei Jin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng-wei Jin, ; Pu-hong Zhang,
| | - Pu-hong Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng-wei Jin, ; Pu-hong Zhang,
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7
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Abusukhun M, Winkler MS, Pöhlmann S, Moerer O, Meissner K, Tampe B, Hofmann-Winkler H, Bauer M, Gräler MH, Claus RA. Activation of Sphingomyelinase-Ceramide-Pathway in COVID-19 Purposes Its Inhibition for Therapeutic Strategies. Front Immunol 2022; 12:784989. [PMID: 34987511 PMCID: PMC8721106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment strategies for severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remain scarce. Hydrolysis of membrane-embedded, inert sphingomyelin by stress responsive sphingomyelinases is a hallmark of adaptive responses and cellular repair. As demonstrated in experimental and observational clinical studies, the transient and stress-triggered release of a sphingomyelinase, SMPD1, into circulation and subsequent ceramide generation provides a promising target for FDA-approved drugs. Here, we report the activation of sphingomyelinase-ceramide pathway in 23 intensive care patients with severe COVID-19. We observed an increase of circulating activity of sphingomyelinase with subsequent derangement of sphingolipids in serum lipoproteins and from red blood cells (RBC). Consistent with increased ceramide levels derived from the inert membrane constituent sphingomyelin, increased activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) accurately distinguished the patient cohort undergoing intensive care from healthy controls. Positive correlational analyses with biomarkers of severe clinical phenotype support the concept of an essential pathophysiological role of ASM in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as of a promising role for functional inhibition with anti-inflammatory agents in SARS-CoV-2 infection as also proposed in independent observational studies. We conclude that large-sized multicenter, interventional trials are now needed to evaluate the potential benefit of functional inhibition of this sphingomyelinase in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Abusukhun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin S Winkler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Onnen Moerer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Meissner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn Tampe
- Department of Nephrology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heike Hofmann-Winkler
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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8
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Discovery of a dual-action small molecule that improves neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2115082119. [PMID: 35027452 PMCID: PMC8784098 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115082119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disease, multitargeted therapeutic approaches are likely required for effective AD treatment. The importance of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activation in the various neuropathological features of AD is well-known. Therefore, in this study, we focused on identifying an efficient, direct inhibitor of ASM activity. We found that KARI 201 was a highly selective ASM activity inhibitor without any off-target effects. Through RNA-sequencing analysis in brains of AD mice, we also unexpectedly uncovered the role of KARI 201 as a ghrelin receptor agonist. This dual role of KARI 201 in neurons led to improvement of Aβ accumulation, neuroinflammation, synapse loss, hippocampal neurogenesis, and memory dysfunction in AD mice. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by complex, multifactorial neuropathology, suggesting that small molecules targeting multiple neuropathological factors are likely required to successfully impact clinical progression. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activation has been recognized as an important contributor to these neuropathological features in AD, leading to the concept of using ASM inhibitors for the treatment of this disorder. Here we report the identification of KARI 201, a direct ASM inhibitor evaluated for AD treatment. KARI 201 exhibits highly selective inhibition effects on ASM, with excellent pharmacokinetic properties, especially with regard to brain distribution. Unexpectedly, we found another role of KARI 201 as a ghrelin receptor agonist, which also has therapeutic potential for AD treatment. This dual role of KARI 201 in neurons efficiently rescued neuropathological features in AD mice, including amyloid beta deposition, autophagy dysfunction, neuroinflammation, synaptic loss, and decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, leading to an improvement in memory function. Our data highlight the possibility of potential clinical application of KARI 201 as an innovative and multifaceted drug for AD treatment.
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9
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Roux-Biejat P, Coazzoli M, Marrazzo P, Zecchini S, Di Renzo I, Prata C, Napoli A, Moscheni C, Giovarelli M, Barbalace MC, Catalani E, Bassi MT, De Palma C, Cervia D, Malaguti M, Hrelia S, Clementi E, Perrotta C. Acid Sphingomyelinase Controls Early Phases of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Shaping the Macrophage Phenotype. Cells 2021; 10:3028. [PMID: 34831250 PMCID: PMC8616363 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process involving crosstalk between immune cells and myogenic precursor cells, i.e., satellite cells. In this scenario, macrophage recruitment in damaged muscles is a mandatory step for tissue repair since pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages promote the activation of satellite cells, stimulating their proliferation and then, after switching into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, they prompt satellite cells' differentiation into myotubes and resolve inflammation. Here, we show that acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism, is activated after skeletal muscle injury induced in vivo by the injection of cardiotoxin. ASMase ablation shortens the early phases of skeletal muscle regeneration without affecting satellite cell behavior. Of interest, ASMase regulates the balance between M1 and M2 macrophages in the injured muscles so that the absence of the enzyme reduces inflammation. The analysis of macrophage populations indicates that these events depend on the altered polarization of M1 macrophages towards an M2 phenotype. Our results unravel a novel role of ASMase in regulating immune response during muscle regeneration/repair and suggest ASMase as a supplemental therapeutic target in conditions of redundant inflammation that impairs muscle recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Roux-Biejat
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Marco Coazzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.B.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Ilaria Di Renzo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Napoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.B.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS “Eugenio Medea”, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy;
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy;
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.B.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.B.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
- Scientific Institute IRCCS “Eugenio Medea”, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy;
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
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10
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Kotlyarov S. Diversity of Lipid Function in Atherogenesis: A Focus on Endothelial Mechanobiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11545. [PMID: 34768974 PMCID: PMC8584259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems in modern medicine. Its high prevalence and social significance determine the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the disease's development and progression. Lipid metabolism and its disorders are one of the key links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lipids are involved in many processes, including those related to the mechanoreception of endothelial cells. The multifaceted role of lipids in endothelial mechanobiology and mechanisms of atherogenesis are discussed in this review. Endothelium is involved in ensuring adequate vascular hemodynamics, and changes in blood flow characteristics are detected by endothelial cells and affect their structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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11
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Helmholz H, Will O, Penate-Medina T, Humbert J, Damm T, Luthringer-Feyerabend B, Willumeit-Römer R, Glüer CC, Penate-Medina O. Tissue responses after implantation of biodegradable Mg alloys evaluated by multimodality 3D micro-bioimaging in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1521-1529. [PMID: 33590952 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The local response of tissue triggered by implantation of degradable magnesium-based implant materials was investigated in vivo in a murine model. Pins (5.0 mm length by 0.5 mm diameter) made of Mg, Mg-10Gd, and Ti were implanted in the leg muscle tissue of C57Bl/6N mice (n = 6). Implantation was generally well tolerated as documented by only a mild short term increase in a multidimensional scoring index. Lack of difference between the groups indicated that the response was systemic and surgery related rather than material dependent. Longitudinal in vivo monitoring utilizing micro-computed tomography over 42 days demonstrated the highest and most heterogeneous degradation for Mg-10Gd. Elemental imaging of the explants by micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry showed a dense calcium-phosphate-containing degradation layer. In order to monitor resulting surgery induced and/or implant material associated local cell stress, sphingomyelin based liposomes containing indocyanine green were administered. An initial increase in fluorescent signals (3-7 days after implantation) indicating cell stress at the site of the implantation was measured by in vivo fluorescent molecular tomography. The signal decreased until the 42nd day for all materials. These findings demonstrate that Mg based implants are well tolerated causing only mild and short term adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Helmholz
- Department Biological Characterization, Helmholtz-Center Geesthacht Institute for Material and Coastal Research; Institute of Materials Research, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Section Biomedical Imaging and Molecular Imaging, North Competence Center, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tuula Penate-Medina
- Section Biomedical Imaging and Molecular Imaging, North Competence Center, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jana Humbert
- Section Biomedical Imaging and Molecular Imaging, North Competence Center, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Timo Damm
- Section Biomedical Imaging and Molecular Imaging, North Competence Center, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Berengere Luthringer-Feyerabend
- Department Biological Characterization, Helmholtz-Center Geesthacht Institute for Material and Coastal Research; Institute of Materials Research, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Department Biological Characterization, Helmholtz-Center Geesthacht Institute for Material and Coastal Research; Institute of Materials Research, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Claus-Christian Glüer
- Section Biomedical Imaging and Molecular Imaging, North Competence Center, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Oula Penate-Medina
- Section Biomedical Imaging and Molecular Imaging, North Competence Center, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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12
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Prause K, Naseri G, Schumacher F, Kappe C, Kleuser B, Arenz C. A photocaged inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:14885-14888. [PMID: 33179626 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06661c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a potential drug target and involved in rapid lipid signalling events. However, there are no tools available to adequately study such processes. Based on a non cell-permeable PtdIns(3,5)P2 inhibitor of ASM, we developed a compound with o-nitrobenzyl photocages and butyryl esters to transiently mask hydroxyl groups. This resulted in a potent light-inducible photocaged ASM inhibitor (PCAI). The first example of a time-resolved inhibition of ASM was shown in intact living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Prause
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 12437 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gita Naseri
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 12437 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Kappe
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 12437 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 12437 Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Amunugama K, Pike DP, Ford DA. The lipid biology of sepsis. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100090. [PMID: 34087197 PMCID: PMC8243525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, defined as the dysregulated immune response to an infection leading to organ dysfunction, is one of the leading causes of mortality around the globe. Despite the significant progress in delineating the underlying mechanisms of sepsis pathogenesis, there are currently no effective treatments or specific diagnostic biomarkers in the clinical setting. The perturbation of cell signaling mechanisms, inadequate inflammation resolution, and energy imbalance, all of which are altered during sepsis, are also known to lead to defective lipid metabolism. The use of lipids as biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity may aid in early diagnosis and guide clinical decision making. In addition, identifying the link between specific lipid signatures and their role in sepsis pathology may lead to novel therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence on dysregulated lipid metabolism both in experimental and human sepsis focused on bioactive lipids, fatty acids, and cholesterol as well as the enzymes regulating their levels during sepsis. We highlight not only their potential roles in sepsis pathogenesis but also the possibility of using these respective lipid compounds as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushalya Amunugama
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel P Pike
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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14
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Chung HY, Claus RA. Keep Your Friends Close, but Your Enemies Closer: Role of Acid Sphingomyelinase During Infection and Host Response. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:616500. [PMID: 33553211 PMCID: PMC7859284 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.616500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of the inert and constitutive membrane building block sphingomyelin to the highly active lipid mediator ceramide by extracellularly active acid sphingomyelinase is tightly regulated during stress response and opens the gate for invading pathogens, triggering the immune response, development of remote organ failure, and tissue repair following severe infection. How do one enzyme and one mediator manage all of these affairs? Under physiological conditions, the enzyme is located in the lysosomes and takes part in the noiseless metabolism of sphingolipids, but following stress the protein is secreted into circulation. When secreted, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is able to hydrolyze sphingomyelin present at the outer leaflet of membranes to ceramide. Its generation troubles the biophysical context of cellular membranes resulting in functional assembly and reorganization of proteins and receptors, also embedded in highly conserved response mechanisms. As a consequence of cellular signaling, not only induction of cell death but also proliferation, differentiation, and fibrogenesis are affected. Here, we discuss the current state of the art on both the impact and function of the enzyme during host response and damage control. Also, the potential role of lysosomotropic agents as functional inhibitors of this upstream alarming cascade is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeun Chung
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Department for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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15
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Claus RA, Graeler MH. Sphingolipidomics in Translational Sepsis Research-Biomedical Considerations and Perspectives. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:616578. [PMID: 33553212 PMCID: PMC7854573 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.616578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific Background: Sphingolipids are a highly diverse group of lipids with respect to physicochemical properties controlling either structure, distribution, or function, all of them regulating cellular response in health and disease. Mass spectrometry, on the other hand, is an analytical technique characterizing ionized molecules or fragments thereof by mass-to-charge ratios, which has been prosperingly developed for rapid and reliable qualitative and quantitative identification of lipid species. Parallel to best performance of in-depth chromatographical separation of lipid classes, preconditions of precise quantitation of unique molecular species by preprocessing of biological samples have to be fulfilled. As a consequence, “lipid profiles” across model systems and human individuals, esp. complex (clinical) samples, have become eminent over the last couple of years due to sensitivity, specificity, and discriminatory capability. Therefore, it is significance to consider the entire experimental strategy from sample collection and preparation, data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation. Areas Covered: In this review, we outline considerations with clinical (i.e., human) samples with special emphasis on sample handling, specific physicochemical properties, target measurements, and resulting profiling of sphingolipids in biomedicine and translational research to maximize sensitivity and specificity as well as to provide robust and reproducible results. A brief commentary is also provided regarding new insights of “clinical sphingolipidomics” in translational sepsis research. Expert Opinion: The role of mass spectrometry of sphingolipids and related species (“sphingolipidomics”) to investigate cellular and compartment-specific response to stress, e.g., in generalized infection and sepsis, is on the rise and the ability to integrate multiple datasets from diverse classes of biomolecules by mass spectrometry measurements and metabolomics will be crucial to fostering our understanding of human health as well as response to disease and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf A Claus
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sepsis Research, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H Graeler
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sepsis Research, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Care & Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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16
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Naser E, Kadow S, Schumacher F, Mohamed ZH, Kappe C, Hessler G, Pollmeier B, Kleuser B, Arenz C, Becker KA, Gulbins E, Carpinteiro A. Characterization of the small molecule ARC39, a direct and specific inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase in vitro. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:896-910. [PMID: 32156719 PMCID: PMC7269768 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a lysosomal enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphorylcholine, may serve as an investigational tool or a therapeutic intervention to control many diseases. Specific ASM inhibitors are currently not sufficiently characterized. Here, we found that 1-aminodecylidene bis-phosphonic acid (ARC39) specifically and efficiently (>90%) inhibits both lysosomal and secretory ASM in vitro. Results from investigating sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1/Smpd1) mRNA and ASM protein levels suggested that ARC39 directly inhibits ASM's catalytic activity in cultured cells, a mechanism that differs from that of functional inhibitors of ASM. We further provide evidence that ARC39 dose- and time-dependently inhibits lysosomal ASM in intact cells, and we show that ARC39 also reduces platelet- and ASM-promoted adhesion of tumor cells. The observed toxicity of ARC39 is low at concentrations relevant for ASM inhibition in vitro, and it does not strongly alter the lysosomal compartment or induce phospholipidosis in vitro. When applied intraperitoneally in vivo, even subtoxic high doses administered short-term induced sphingomyelin accumulation only locally in the peritoneal lavage without significant accumulation in plasma, liver, spleen, or brain. These findings require further investigation with other possible chemical modifications. In conclusion, our results indicate that ARC39 potently and selectively inhibits ASM in vitro and highlight the need for developing compounds that can reach tissue concentrations sufficient for ASM inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyad Naser
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kadow
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Zainelabdeen H Mohamed
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Christian Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Hessler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Pollmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany. mailto:
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17
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Abstract
Cardiovascular dysfunction becomes recognized as a risk for dementia. In this issue of Neuron, Park et al. (2018) report the age-related, brain endothelial-specific upregulation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), leading to blood-brain barrier malfunction, neurodegeneration, and memory deficits that were mitigated by ASM inhibition in mice.
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18
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Acid sphingomyelinase plays a critical role in LPS- and cytokine-induced tissue factor procoagulant activity. Blood 2019; 134:645-655. [PMID: 31262782 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a cofactor for factor VIIa and the primary cellular initiator of coagulation. Typically, most TF on cell surfaces exists in a cryptic coagulant-inactive state but are transformed to a procoagulant form (decryption) following cell activation. Our recent studies in cell model systems showed that sphingomyelin (SM) in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining TF in an encrypted state in resting cells, and the hydrolysis of SM leads to decryption of TF. The present study was carried out to investigate the relevance of this novel mechanism in the regulation of TF procoagulant activity in pathophysiology. As observed in cell systems, administration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to mice enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TF procoagulant activity in monocytes. Treatment of mice with pharmacological inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), desipramine and imipramine, attenuated ATP-induced TF decryption. Interestingly, ASMase inhibitors also blocked LPS-induced TF procoagulant activity without affecting the LPS-induced de novo synthesis of TF protein. Additional studies showed that LPS induced translocation of ASMase to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and reduced SM levels in monocytes. Studies using human monocyte-derived macrophages and endothelial cells further confirmed the role of ASMase in LPS- and cytokine-induced TF procoagulant activity. Overall, our data indicate that LPS- or cytokine-induced TF procoagulant activity requires the decryption of newly synthesized TF protein by ASMase-mediated hydrolysis of SM. The observation that ASMase inhibitors attenuate TF-induced coagulation raises the possibility of their therapeutic use in treating thrombotic disorders associated with aberrant expression of TF.
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19
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Promising neuroprotective effects of β-caryophyllene against LPS-induced oligodendrocyte toxicity: A mechanistic study. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 159:154-171. [PMID: 30529211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Myelin loss subsequent to oligodendrocyte death has been reported in a variety of myelin-associated disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to elicit cellular responses in the central nervous system (CNS) and trigger immune infiltrates and glial cells to release a variety of inflammatory cytokines and mediators. LPS-induced oligodendrocytes toxicity may be chosen as an efficient model to evaluate the role of oligodendrocytes in neuroprotective activities of compounds. β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a selective type 2 cannabinoid (CB2) receptor agonist. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of BCP are not completely understood. On this basis, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of a wide range of BCP concentrations against LPS-induced toxicity in a proliferative oligodendrocyte cell line (OLN-93) and evaluate the possible correlation between BCP concentration and selective modulation of CB2, Nrf2, sphingomyelinase (SMase) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-γ signaling pathways. We found that LPS significantly increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) metabolite and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production while decreases the level of GSH. BCP could prevent LPS-induced cytotoxicity and excessive production of NO, ROS, and TNF-α. Also, we demonstrated that BCP's protective effects against LPS-induced oligodendrocytes toxicity were mediated via the CB2 receptor through different pathways including Nrf2/HO-1/anti-oxidant axis, and PPAR-γ, at low (0.2 and 1 µM), and high (10-50 µM) concentrations, respectively. Additionally, we observed that the addition of SMase inhibitors imipramine (IMP) and fluoxetine (FLX) synergistically increased the protective effects of BCP. Finally, BCP at low concentrations exerted promising protective effects that could be considered for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as MS. However, more studies using other models of neurodegenerative diseases should be undertaken to assess different parameters such as the activity or expression of SMase.
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20
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Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibition Stabilizes Hepatic Ceramide Content and Improves Hepatic Biotransformation Capacity in a Murine Model of Polymicrobial Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103163. [PMID: 30326559 PMCID: PMC6214114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver dysfunction during sepsis is an independent risk factor leading to increased mortality rates. Specifically, dysregulation of hepatic biotransformation capacity, especially of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system, represents an important distress factor during host response. The activity of the conserved stress enzyme sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) has been shown to be elevated in sepsis patients, allowing for risk stratification. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether SMPD1 activity has an impact on expression and activity of different hepatic CYP enzymes using an animal model of polymicrobial sepsis. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced in SMPD1 wild-type and heterozygous mice and hepatic ceramide content as well as CYP mRNA, protein expression and enzyme activities were assessed at two different time points, at 24 h, representing the acute phase, and at 28 days, representing the post-acute phase of host response. In the acute phase of sepsis, SMPD1+/+ mice showed an increased hepatic C16- as well as C18-ceramide content. In addition, a downregulation of CYP expression and activities was detected. In SMPD1+/- mice, however, no noticeable changes of ceramide content and CYP expression and activities during sepsis could be observed. After 28 days, CYP expression and activities were normalized again in all study groups, whereas mRNA expression remained downregulated in SMPD+/+ animals. In conclusion, partial genetic inhibition of SMPD1 stabilizes hepatic ceramide content and improves hepatic monooxygenase function in the acute phase of polymicrobial sepsis. Since we were also able to show that the functional inhibitor of SMPD1, desipramine, ameliorates downregulation of CYP mRNA expression and activities in the acute phase of sepsis in wild-type mice, SMPD1 might be an interesting pharmacological target, which should be further investigated.
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21
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Wang L, Zhao H, Wang D. Inflammatory cytokine expression in patients with sepsis at an intensive care unit. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2126-2131. [PMID: 30186449 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection of bacteria, fungi and/or viruses in clinical patients. It is known that inflammatory cytokine levels have an essential role in the progression of sepsis. The present study investigated the role of inflammatory markers in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) of patients with sepsis at an intensive care unit. In addition, the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines were compared between sepsis patients and healthy individuals. The results demonstrated that the serum levels of interleukin-1, -17 and -6, as well as tumor necrosis factor-α, were upregulated in sepsis patients. The serum levels of high mobility group box 1 and C-reactive protein were increased in sepsis patients compared with those in healthy individuals. The expression levels of nuclear factor-κB-p65 and its inhibitor IκBα, as well as the ratio of CD25+ cells, and the levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and peptidoglycan recognition protein were higher in hPBMCs in sepsis patients compared with those in healthy individuals. It was also indicated that balance of T helper type 1/2 cytokines was also disturbed in patients with sepsis compared with that in healthy individuals. In conclusion, these results indicated that inflammation is involved in the progression of sepsis by interfering with the expression of various molecules, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Intensive Care Unit, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
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22
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Chung HY, Witt CJ, Jbeily N, Hurtado-Oliveros J, Giszas B, Lupp A, Gräler MH, Bruns T, Stallmach A, Gonnert FA, Claus RA. Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibition Prevents Development of Sepsis Sequelae in the Murine Liver. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12348. [PMID: 28955042 PMCID: PMC5617833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of maladaptive response in liver tissue with respect to the acute and post-acute phase of sepsis are not yet fully understood. Long-term sepsis survivors might develop hepatocellular/hepatobiliary injury and fibrosis. Here, we demonstrate that acid sphingomyelinase, an important regulator of hepatocyte apoptosis and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, is linked to the promotion of liver dysfunction in the acute phase of sepsis as well as to fibrogenesis in the long-term. In both phases, we observed a beneficial effect of partial genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency in heterozygous animals (smpd1+/−) on oxidative stress levels, hepatobiliary function, macrophage infiltration and on HSC activation. Strikingly, similar to heterozygote expression of SMPD1, either preventative (p-smpd1+/+) or therapeutic (t-smpd1+/+) pharmacological treatment strategies with desipramine – a functional inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMA) – significantly improved liver function and survival. The inhibition of sphingomyelinase exhibited a protective effect on liver function in the acute-phase, and the reduction of HSC activation diminished development of sepsis-associated liver fibrosis in the post-acute phase of sepsis. In summary, targeting sphingomyelinase with FDA-approved drugs is a novel promising strategy to overcome sepsis-induced liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeun Chung
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - C Julius Witt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Nayla Jbeily
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Giszas
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Falk A Gonnert
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany.
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23
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Adjustment of Dysregulated Ceramide Metabolism in a Murine Model of Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040839. [PMID: 28420138 PMCID: PMC5412423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction, in particular of the left ventricle, is a common and early event in sepsis, and is strongly associated with an increase in patients’ mortality. Acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1)—the principal regulator for rapid and transient generation of the lipid mediator ceramide—is involved in both the regulation of host response in sepsis as well as in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure. This study determined the degree and the potential role to which SMPD1 and its modulation affect sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy using both genetically deficient and pharmacologically-treated animals in a polymicrobial sepsis model. As surrogate parameters of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, cardiac function, markers of oxidative stress as well as troponin I levels were found to be improved in desipramine-treated animals, desipramine being an inhibitor of ceramide formation. Additionally, ceramide formation in cardiac tissue was dysregulated in SMPD1+/+ as well as SMPD1−/− animals, whereas desipramine pretreatment resulted in stable, but increased ceramide content during host response. This was a result of elevated de novo synthesis. Strikingly, desipramine treatment led to significantly improved levels of surrogate markers. Furthermore, similar results in desipramine-pretreated SMPD1−/− littermates suggest an SMPD1-independent pathway. Finally, a pattern of differentially expressed transcripts important for regulation of apoptosis as well as antioxidative and cytokine response supports the concept that desipramine modulates ceramide formation, resulting in beneficial myocardial effects. We describe a novel, protective role of desipramine during sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction that controls ceramide content. In addition, it may be possible to modulate cardiac function during host response by pre-conditioning with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug desipramine.
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24
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Niaudet C, Bonnaud S, Guillonneau M, Gouard S, Gaugler MH, Dutoit S, Ripoche N, Dubois N, Trichet V, Corre I, Paris F. Plasma membrane reorganization links acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide to p38 MAPK pathways in endothelial cells apoptosis. Cell Signal 2017; 33:10-21. [PMID: 28179144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is essential in the cellular response to stress stimuli, in particular in the endothelial cells that are major target of external stress. The importance of the bioactive sphingolipid ceramide generated by acid sphingomyelinase is also firmly established in stress-induced endothelial apoptotic cell death. Despite a suggested link between the p38 MAPK and ceramide pathways, the exact molecular events of this connection remain elusive. In the present study, by using two different activators of p38 MAPK, namely anisomycin and ionizing radiation, we depicted how ceramide generated by acid sphingomyelinase was involved in p38 MAPK-dependent apoptosis of endothelial cells. We first proved that both anisomycin and ionizing radiation conducted to apoptosis through activation of p38 MAPK in human microvascular endothelial cells HMEC-1. We then found that both treatments induced activation of acid sphingomyelinase and the generation of ceramide. This step was required for p38 MAPK activation and apoptosis. We finally showed that irradiation, as well as treatment with exogenous C16-ceramide or bacterial sphingomyelinase, induced in endothelial cells a deep reorganization of the plasma membrane with formation of large lipid platforms at the cell surface, leading to p38 MAPK activation and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Altogether, our results proved that the plasma membrane reorganization leading to ceramide production is essential for stress-induced activation of p38 MAPK and apoptosis in endothelial cells and established the link between the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide and p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Niaudet
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | - Marie-Hélène Gaugler
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; IRSN, Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | - Soizic Dutoit
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Nolwenn Dubois
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Isabelle Corre
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - François Paris
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Laboratoire de Biologie du Cancer et Théranostique, ICO, Saint-Herblain, France.
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