|
1
|
Reil I, Duvnjak S, Špičić S, Kompes G, Bagarić A, Đuras M, Gudan Kurilj A, Lukač M, Jelić M, Zdelar-Tuk M. Isolation of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Avium from a Wild Eurasian Otter (Lutra Lutra). Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:591. [PMID: 39061273 PMCID: PMC11273438 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium is pathogenic mainly to birds, although cases of mycobacteriosis caused by these bacteria have also been reported in other animals and humans. Not much is known about the effects of this pathogen on otters. The aim of this study was to report for the first time the isolation of M. avium subsp. avium in wild otter and to describe its multidrug resistance profile. A female otter injured in a car accident was found dead and subjected to postmortem examination. Apart from the trauma changes, no other macroscopic pathological changes were detected. Bacteriologic examination revealed the presence of acid-fast bacilli in the lymph nodes, which were confirmed by molecular methods as M. avium subsp. avium. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed susceptibility to clarithromycin and amikacin, but resistance to linezolid, moxifloxacin, streptomycin, isoniazid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, and ethionamide. This is unusual for wild species, which generally should not come into contact with antimicrobials, and may suggest that multidrug-resistant MAC strains are circulating between wild and domestic animals. These results emphasise the need for additional epidemiological studies on non-tuberculous mycobacteria in wildlife and their implications for one health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Reil
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (G.K.); (A.B.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (G.K.); (A.B.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (G.K.); (A.B.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Gordan Kompes
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (G.K.); (A.B.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Antonela Bagarić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (G.K.); (A.B.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Martina Đuras
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Đ.); (A.G.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrea Gudan Kurilj
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Đ.); (A.G.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Maja Lukač
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Đ.); (A.G.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Mišel Jelić
- Varaždin City Museum, Department of Natural Sciences, Šetalište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera 1, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia;
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (G.K.); (A.B.); (M.Z.-T.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Orłowska B, Majchrzak M, Didkowska A, Anusz K, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Zabost A, Brzezińska S, Kozińska M, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Urbańska K, Welz M, Parniewski P. Mycobacterial Interspersed Repeat Unit-Variable Number Tandem Repeat Typing of Mycobacterium avium Strains Isolated from the Lymph Nodes of Free-Living Carnivorous Animals in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:1184. [PMID: 37764992 PMCID: PMC10536629 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms, of which some, especially those of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), may be opportunistic animal and human pathogens. Infection with NTM can interfere with tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and induce zoonoses, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Diseases caused by NTM have become more readily recognized; however, they are likely still underestimated. In this study, we identified and genotyped Mycobacterium avium strains that were isolated during TB monitoring among free-living carnivorous animals from southeastern Poland. In 2011-2020, lymph node samples from 192 such animals were tested for mycobacteria. A total of 41 isolates of M. avium strains were detected with the use of IS901, IS900, IS1245, and mycobacterial interspersed repeat unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) identification. Thirty-three were identified as M. avium subsp. avium. These strains were derived from 1 beech marten (Martes foina), 1 common buzzard (Buteo buteo), 2 European badgers (Meles meles), 3 wolves (Canis lupus), and 26 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). One strain isolated from a wolf was identified as M. avium subsp. hominissuis. The results show the widespread occurrence of MAC bacilli in the studied environment and additionally comprise new data on the molecular characteristics of M. avium subspecies carried by free-living southeastern Polish carnivores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Marta Majchrzak
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Monika Krajewska-Wędzina
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Anna Zabost
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Sywia Brzezińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Monika Kozińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Kaja Urbańska
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Division of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Welz
- Provincial Veterinary Inspectorate, Piotra Ścigiennego 6a, 38-400 Krosno, Poland;
| | - Paweł Parniewski
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Masoumi M, Sakhaee F, Zolfaghari MR, Tarashi S, Rahimi Jamnani F, Vaziri F, Siadat SD, Fateh A. Mixed pulmonary infection with four isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria: a case report of mycobacterium bacteremicum infection. Pneumonia (Nathan) 2022; 14:7. [PMCID: PMC9636635 DOI: 10.1186/s41479-022-00100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A mixed pulmonary infection of Mycobacterium bacteremicum and three different isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is an unusual clinical manifestation and have not yet been indicated. In this case report, we reported four isolates of NTM using phenotypic and genotypic test of pulmonary sample in Tehran, Iran.
Case presentation
We report a case of severe pulmonary disease in a 19-year-old male patient with productive cough, shortness of breath, and low-grade fever for several weeks. The C-reactive protein (CRP) level (80.2 mg/L) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (95 mm/h) were high. The computed tomographic scan indicated bronchiectasis, nodular opacities, consolidation, and cavitary lesions on both sides. The result of purified protein derivative (PPD) test was equal to 15 mm. The sequences of hsp65, rpoB, and 16S rDNA genes indicated more than 99% homology to four isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), including Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. mucogenicum, and M. bacteremicum. We found that all four strains were susceptible to amikacin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, imipenem, and linezolid. The patient was treated with ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and amikacin, along with Montelukast, for five months.
Conclusion
We report a case of severe pulmonary infection by four isolates of NTM. After treatment, the patient reported complete resolution of the signs and a weight gain of 5 kg; also, the CRP and ESR were normal. Nine months after the infection diagnosis, a new CT scan revealed further improvements.
Collapse
|