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Grabb KC, Kapit J, Wankel SD, Manganini K, Apprill A, Armenteros M, Hansel CM. Development of a Handheld Submersible Chemiluminescent Sensor: Quantification of Superoxide at Coral Surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13850-13858. [PMID: 31660715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced via various photochemical, abiotic, and biological pathways. The low concentration and short lifetime of the ROS superoxide (O2•-) make it challenging to measure in natural systems. Here, we designed, developed, and validated a DIver-operated Submersible Chemiluminescent sensOr (DISCO), the first handheld submersible chemiluminescent sensor. The fluidic system inside DISCO is controlled by two high-precision pumps that introduce sample water and analytical reagents into a mixing cell. The resultant chemiluminescent signal is quantified by a photomultiplier tube, recorded by a miniature onboard computer and monitored in real time via a handheld underwater LED interface. Components are contained within a pressure-bearing housing (max depth 30 m), and an external battery pack supplies power. Laboratory calibrations with filtered seawater verified instrument stability and precision. Field deployment in Cuban coral reefs quantified background seawater-normalized extracellular superoxide concentrations near coral surfaces (0-173 nM) that varied distinctly with coral species. Observations were consistent with previous similar measurements from aquaria and shallow reefs using a standard benchtop system. In situ quantification of superoxide associated with corals was enabled by DISCO, demonstrating the potential application to other shallow water ecosystems and chemical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina C Grabb
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry , Woods Hole , Massachusetts 02543 , United States
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jason Kapit
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering , Woods Hole , Massachusetts 02543 , United States
| | - Scott D Wankel
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry , Woods Hole , Massachusetts 02543 , United States
| | - Kevin Manganini
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering , Woods Hole , Massachusetts 02543 , United States
| | - Amy Apprill
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry , Woods Hole , Massachusetts 02543 , United States
| | - Maickel Armenteros
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas , Universidad de La Habana , 16 # 114, Playa , CP 11300 Habana , Cuba
| | - Colleen M Hansel
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry , Woods Hole , Massachusetts 02543 , United States
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Mikkola R, Andersson M, Kharechkina E, Kruglova S, Kruglov A. Fusaricidin-Type Compounds Create Pores in Mitochondrial and Plasma Membranes of Mammalian Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090433. [PMID: 31480526 PMCID: PMC6770722 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusaricidins and related LI-F compounds are effective bactericides and fungicides. Recently, we have found that they are highly toxic to mammalian cells. Here, we studied the effect of fusaricidin-type compounds (FTCs) on the membranes of mammalian cells. Ethanol extracts from Paenibacillus polymyxa strains, RS10 and I/Sim, were fractionated and analyzed by HPLC and mass spectrometry. The effects of FTCs on mitochondrial functions and integrity were studied by standard methods: measurements of swelling, membrane potential (ΔΨm), respiration rate, cytochrome c release, and pore sizes. Superoxide flashes were registered by 3,7-dihydro-2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-one (MCLA). Plasma membrane permeability was assessed by propidium iodide (PI) staining and ATP release. FTCs caused the permeabilization of the inner mitochondria membrane (IMM) to ions and low-molecular-weight (~750 Da) solutes. The permeabilization did not depend on the permeability transition pore (mPTP) but was strongly dependent on ΔΨm. Fusaricidins A plus B, LI-F05a, and LI-F05b-LI-F07b permeabilized IMM with comparable efficiency. They created pores and affected mitochondrial functions and integrity similarly to mPTP opening. They permeabilized the sperm cell plasma membrane to ATP and PI. Thus, the formation of pores in polarized membranes underlays the toxicity of FTCs to mammals. Besides, FTCs appeared to be superior reference compounds for mPTP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimo Mikkola
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Andersson
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Kharechkina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142292 Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Svetlana Kruglova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142292 Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexey Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142292 Moscow Region, Russia.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate redox signaling cascades that are critical to numerous physiological and pathological processes. Analytical methods to monitor cellular ROS levels and proteomic platforms to identify oxidative post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are critical to understanding the triggers and consequences of redox signaling. Recent Advances: The prevalence and significance of redox signaling has recently been illuminated through the use of chemical probes that allow for sensitive detection of cellular ROS levels and proteomic dissection of oxidative PTMs directly in living cells. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of chemical probes that are available for monitoring ROS and oxidative PTMs, and we highlight the advantages and limitations of these methods. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite significant advances in chemical probes, the low levels of cellular ROS and low stoichiometry of oxidative PTMs present challenges for accurately measuring the extent and dynamics of ROS generation and redox signaling. Further improvements in sensitivity and ability to spatially and temporally control readouts are essential to fully illuminate cellular redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Abo
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
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Tamura M, Tanabe M, Valkonen JPT, Akita M. Sunagoke Moss ( Racomitrium japonicum) Used for Greening Roofs Is Severely Damaged by Sclerotium delphinii and Protected by a Putative Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Isolate. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:372. [PMID: 30873147 PMCID: PMC6403164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosses are ecologically important plants also used for greening, gardening, and decorative purposes. Knowledge of the microbial flora associated with mosses is expected to be important for control and preservation of global and local environments. However, the moss-associated microbial flora is often poorly known. Moss-associated fungi and bacteria may promote plant growth and pest control, but they may be alternative hosts for pathogens of vascular plants. In this study, the fungus Sclerotinia delphinii was identified for the first time as a pathogen that causes severe damage to Sunagoke moss (Racomitrium japonicum). This moss is used for greening roofs and walls of buildings in urban environments owing to its notable tolerance of environmental stresses. Inoculation with the S. delphinii strain SR1 of the mono- and dicotyledonous seed plants Hordeum vulgare, Brassica rapa var. pekinensis, Lactuca sativa, and Spinacia oleracea, in addition to the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and the moss Physcomitrella patens, showed that the fungus has a wide host range. Colonization with SR1 progressed more rapidly in non-vascular than in vascular plant species. Studies with P. patens under controlled conditions showed that SR1 secreted a fluid during colonization. Treatment with the secretion induced production of reactive oxygen species in the moss. Endogenous peroxidase partially inhibited SR1 colonization of P. patens. A bacterial isolate, most likely Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, that coexists with R. japonicum was antagonistic to SR1 growth. Taken together, the present results suggest that fungal colonization of mosses may be prevented by a peroxidase secreted by the moss and an antagonistic bacterium coexisting in the moss habitat. The findings suggest that there is potential to apply biological control measures for protection of mosses against fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Tamura
- Department of Biotechnological Science, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Minatsu Tanabe
- Department of Biotechnological Science, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Jari P. T. Valkonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Motomu Akita
- Department of Biotechnological Science, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
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Zielonka J, Kalyanaraman B. Small-molecule luminescent probes for the detection of cellular oxidizing and nitrating species. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 128:3-22. [PMID: 29567392 PMCID: PMC6146080 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in both pathogenic cellular damage events and physiological cellular redox signaling and regulation. To unravel the biological role of ROS, it is very important to be able to detect and identify the species involved. In this review, we introduce the reader to the methods of detection of ROS using luminescent (fluorescent, chemiluminescent, and bioluminescent) probes and discuss typical limitations of those probes. We review the most widely used probes, state-of-the-art assays, and the new, promising approaches for rigorous detection and identification of superoxide radical anion, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite. The combination of real-time monitoring of the dynamics of ROS in cells and the identification of the specific products formed from the probes will reveal the role of specific types of ROS in cellular function and dysfunction. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involving ROS may help with the development of new therapeutics for several diseases involving dysregulated cellular redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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Kharechkina ES, Nikiforova AB, Kruglov AG. Pyridine nucleotides regulate the superoxide anion flash upon permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes: An MCLA-based study. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:473-483. [PMID: 29966697 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes via permeability transition pore opening or by the pore-forming peptide alamethicin causes a flash of superoxide anion (SA) and hydrogen peroxide production and the inhibition of matrix aconitase. It was shown using the SA probe 3,7-dihydro-2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-one (MCLA) that the substrates of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, inhibitors of the respiratory chain, and NAD(P)H at millimolar concentrations suppressed or delayed SA flashes. In the presence of added NADH and NADPH, SA flashes were observed only after considerable oxidation of pyridine nucleotides. The production of SA was maximal at NADPH and NADH redox potentials from -315 to -295 mV and from -325 to -270 mV, respectively, depending on NAD(P)H concentration. SA generation supported by NADPH was severalfold greater than that supported by NADH. In intact mitochondria, NADPH- and NADH-dependent SA generation was negligible. Respiratory substrates at physiological or lower concentrations were incapable of suppressing the NADPH-supported SA flash. These data indicate that, in conditions close to pathophysiological, matrix NADPH oxidoreductase(s), presumably, an adrenodoxin reductase in complex with adrenodoxin, can essentially contribute to SA flashes associated with transient or irreversible permeability transition pore opening or membrane permeabilization by another mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Kharechkina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Anna B Nikiforova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Alexey G Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
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Kazumura K, Takeuchi K, Hara A, Miwa T, Hattori M, Wu Y, Morishita N, Tsuchiya H, Osawa T. Rapid on-site dual optical system to measure specific reactive oxygen species (O2-• and OCl-) in a tiny droplet of whole blood. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200573. [PMID: 30067774 PMCID: PMC6070198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in various disorders and controlling it would be important for healthy life. We have developed a new optical system for easily and accurately measuring oxidative stress in whole blood. It is optimized for simultaneously detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and highly reactive ROS (hROS), elicited mostly by white blood cells in a few microliters of blood. Results obtained by using this system show at least four important findings. 1) chemiluminescence of MCLA was confirmed to be attributable to O2-•. 2) PMA-stimulated cells released O2-• longer and more slowly than fMLP-stimulated ones. 3) fluorescence produced by APF oxidation was confirmed to be attributable to hROS, mostly OCl-, produced by myeloperoxidase. 4) the generation of OCl- was found to be a slower process than the O2-• generation. We also conducted pilot studies of oxidative stress in healthy volunteers.
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Grants
- Funding: This work was supported by the Councilfor Science, Technology and Innovation (CSTI),Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP) and`Technologies for creating next-generation agriculture, forestry and fisheries'(funding agency: Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution, NARO). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation ofthe manuscript.KK, KT, AH, TM, MH, NM, and HT are employed by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. The funder provided support in the form of salaries for authors [KK, KT, AH, TM, MH, NM, and HT],but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.YW is employed by Healthcare Systems Co. Ltd. The funder provided support in the form of salaries for authors [YW],but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the `author contributions' section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Kazumura
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kozo Takeuchi
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Hara
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miwa
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Hattori
- Global Strategic Challenge Center, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuqiu Wu
- Department of Research and Development, Healthcare Systems Co. Ltd., Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Tsuchiya
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Osawa
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan
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Effect of Melatonin on Rat Heart Mitochondria in Acute Heart Failure in Aged Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061555. [PMID: 29882895 PMCID: PMC6032417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria and the opening of the nonselective mitochondrial permeability transition pore are important factors that promote cardiac pathologies and dysfunction. The hormone melatonin (MEL) is known to improve the functional state of mitochondria via an antioxidant effect. Here, the effect of MEL administration on heart mitochondria from aged rats with acute cardiac failure caused by isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISO) was studied. A histological analysis revealed that chronic intake of MEL diminished the age-dependent changes in the structure of muscle fibers of the left ventricle, muscle fiber swelling, and injury zones characteristic of acute cardiac failure caused by ISO. In acute heart failure, the respiratory control index (RCI) and the Ca2+ retention capacity in isolated rat heart mitochondria (RHM) were reduced by 30% and 40%, respectively, and mitochondrial swelling increased by 34%. MEL administration abolished the effect of ISO. MEL partially prevented ISO-induced changes at the subunit level of respiratory complexes III and V and drastically decreased the expression of complex I subunit NDUFB8 both in control RHM and in RHM treated with ISO, which led to the inhibition of ROS production. MEL prevents the mitochondrial dysfunction associated with heart failure caused by ISO. It was shown that the level of 2′,3′-cyclicnucleotide-3′-phosphodiasterase (CNPase), which is capable of protecting cells in aging, increased in acute heart failure. MEL also retained the CNPase content in RHM both in control experiments and after ISO-induced heart damage. We concluded that an increase in the CNPase level promotes cardioprotection.
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Odinokova IV, Baburina YL, Kruglov AG, Santalova IM, Azarashvili TS, Krestinina OV. Operation of the Permeability Transition Pore in Rat Heart Mitochondria in Aging. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747818020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Teplova VV, Belosludtsev KN, Kruglov AG. Mechanism of triclosan toxicity: Mitochondrial dysfunction including complex II inhibition, superoxide release and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Toxicol Lett 2017; 275:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Glutamate contributes to alcohol hepatotoxicity by enhancing oxidative stress in mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:253-264. [PMID: 28478591 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol intoxication is associated with increased oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms by which ethanol triggers an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the role of mitochondria in the development of oxidative stress has been insufficiently studied. The biochemical and proteomic data obtained in the present work suggest that one of the main causes of an increase in ROS generation is enhanced oxidation of glutamate in response to long-term alcohol exposure. In the course of glutamate oxidation, liver mitochondria from alcoholic rats generated more superoxide anion and H2O2 than in the presence of other substrates and more than control organelles. In mitochondria from alcoholic rats, rates of H2O2 production and NAD reduction in the presence of glutamate were almost twice higher than in the control. The proteomic study revealed a higher content of glutamate dehydrogenase in liver mitochondria of rats subjected to chronic alcohol exposure. Simultaneously, the content of mitochondrial catalase decreased compared to control. Each of these factors stimulates the production of ROS in addition to ROS generated by the respiratory chain complex I. The results are consistent with the conclusion that glutamate contributes to alcohol hepatotoxicity by enhancing oxidative stress in mitochondria.
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Rosario-Ortiz FL, Canonica S. Probe Compounds to Assess the Photochemical Activity of Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12532-12547. [PMID: 27736067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) have been of interest to scientists and engineers since the 1970s. Upon light absorption, chromophoric DOM (CDOM) can sensitize the formation of different short-lived reactive intermediates (RIs), including hydroxyl radical (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radical anion (O2•-). In addition, a fraction of the excited singlet states in CDOM decays into excited triplet states (3CDOM*), which are also important photochemical transients in environmental systems. These RIs have a significant impact on different processes in sunlit waters, including degradation of organic contaminants and the inactivation of pathogens. Due to their transient nature and low steady-state concentrations, the use of common analytical techniques for the direct measurement of these species is impractical. Therefore, specific probe compounds (PCs) are used. PCs include furfuryl alcohol for 1O2, and terephthalic acid for •OH. In this publication, we present a critical review of the use of PCs for the assessment of the formation of photochemically generated RIs. We first introduce the concept of a PC, including the kinetic treatment and necessary assumptions needed to conduct a specific measurement. Afterward, we present short overviews of the most studied RIs and review relevant issues regarding the use of specific PCs for their measurement. We finalize by offering recommendations regarding the use of PCs in environmental photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando L Rosario-Ortiz
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133 CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Silvio Canonica
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133 CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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13
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Ribou AC. Synthetic Sensors for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection and Quantification: A Critical Review of Current Methods. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:520-33. [PMID: 27225539 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Redox reactions play important roles in both physiological and pathological processes, highlighting the importance of quantifying and localizing intracellular redox-active components. Most research has focused on direct investigation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Intensity-based fluorescent methods are very sensitive and easy to use, but they lack specificity and can produce artifacts. In this article, we focus on synthetic sensors, describing experimental pitfalls associated with their use. We also present alternative methods for the detection of free radicals. RECENT ADVANCES New approaches have been developed to overcome the main artifact of intensity-based methods: spurious changes in fluorescence intensity caused by oxidation. These new approaches are based on analytical measurements of the oxidized sensors or techniques that are not susceptible to oxidation, such as electron spin resonance and fluorescence lifetime-based methods. Regardless of the approach, the need for detection of ROS on the subcellular level, especially in the mitochondria, has motivated the development of new probes. CRITICAL ISSUES Flow cytometry systems and confocal microscopes are now available to the majority of biologists, and commercially available probes are, therefore, more widely used. The fact that these new applications are cited in thousands of publications makes these sensors even more attractive. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The field of ROS detection by synthetic sensors continues to expand, bringing needed additional research to the development of robust techniques that are applicable both in vitro and in vivo. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 520-533.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Cécile Ribou
- Institute of Modeling and Analysis in Geo-Environmental and Health (IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV), University of Perpignan Via Domitia , Perpignan, France
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Tseng JC, Bailey D, Tupper T, Kung AL. Using glow stick chemistry for biological imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 16:478-87. [PMID: 24510470 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study describes an imaging strategy based on glow stick chemistry to non-invasively image oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in living animals. PROCEDURES Upon stimulation, phagocytes produce toxic levels of ROS to kill engulfed microorganisms. The mitochondrial respiratory chain continually generates low levels of superoxide (O2·(-)) that serve as a source for generation of downstream ROS, which function as regulatory signaling intermediaries. A ROS-reacting substrate, 2-methyl-6-[4-methoxyphenyl]-3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-one hydrochloride, was used as the chemical energy donor for generating energy transfer luminescence in phagosomes and mitochondria. RESULTS Using targeted photoluminescent dyes with specific subcellular localization that serve as chemical energy recipients, our imaging data demonstrate proof-of-concept for using glow stick chemistry to visualize ROS production associated with phagocytosis and mitochondrial respiration in living mice. CONCLUSIONS Glow stick imaging is a complementary hybrid of chemiluminescence and photoluminescence imaging, capable of generating red or far-red emission for deep tissue imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Chieh Tseng
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA,
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15
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Nikiforova AB, Saris NEL, Kruglov AG. External mitochondrial NADH-dependent reductase of redox cyclers: VDAC1 or Cyb5R3? Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:74-84. [PMID: 24945955 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It was reported that VDAC1 possesses an NADH oxidoreductase activity and plays an important role in the activation of xenobiotics in the outer mitochondrial membrane. In the present work, we evaluated the participation of VDAC1 and Cyb5R3 in the NADH-dependent activation of various redox cyclers in mitochondria. We show that external NADH oxidoreductase caused the redox cycling of menadione ≫ lucigenin>nitrofurantoin. Paraquat was predominantly activated by internal mitochondria oxidoreductases. An increase in the ionic strength stimulated and suppressed the redox cycling of negatively and positively charged acceptors, as was expected for the Cyb5R3-mediated reduction. Antibodies against Cyb5R3 but not VDAC substantially inhibited the NADH-related oxidoreductase activities. The specific VDAC blockers G3139 and erastin, separately or in combination, in concentrations sufficient for the inhibition of substrate transport, exhibited minimal effects on the redox cycler-dependent NADH oxidation, ROS generation, and reduction of exogenous cytochrome c. In contrast, Cyb5R3 inhibitors (6-propyl-2-thiouracil, p-chloromercuriobenzoate, quercetin, mersalyl, and ebselen) showed similar patterns of inhibition of ROS generation and cytochrome c reduction. The analysis of the spectra of the endogenous cytochromes b5 and c in the presence of nitrofurantoin and the inhibitors of VDAC and Cyb5R3 demonstrated that the redox cycler can transfer electrons from Cyb5R3 to endogenous cytochrome c. This caused the oxidation of outer membrane-bound cytochrome b5, which is in redox balance with Cyb5R3. The data obtained argue against VDAC1 and in favor of Cyb5R3 involvement in the activation of redox cyclers in the outer mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Nikiforova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Nils-Erik L Saris
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexey G Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
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16
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The challenges of using fluorescent probes to detect and quantify specific reactive oxygen species in living cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:730-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Wuttig K, Heller MI, Croot PL. Reactivity of inorganic Mn and Mn desferrioxamine B with O2, O2(-), and H2O2 in seawater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:10257-65. [PMID: 23915142 DOI: 10.1021/es4016603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a required element for oceanic phytoplankton as it plays a critical role in photosynthesis, through its unique redox chemistry, as the active site in photosystem II, and in enzymes that act as defenses against reactive oxygen species (ROS), most notably for protection against superoxide (O2(-)), through the action of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via peroxidases and catalases. The distribution and redox speciation of Mn in the ocean is also apparently controlled by reactions with ROS. Here we examine the connections between ROS and dissolved Mn species in the upper ocean using field and laboratory experimental data. Our results suggest it is unlikely that significant concentrations of Mn(III) are produced in the euphotic zone, as in the absence of evidence for the existence of strong Mn(III) ligands, Mn(II) reacts with O2(-) to form the short-lived transient manganous superoxide, MnO2(+), which may react rapidly with other redox species in a manner similar to O2(-). Experiments with the strong Mn(III) chelator, desferrioxamine B (DFB), in seawater indicated that the Mn(III) species are unlikely to form, as formation of the precursor Mn(II) complex is hindered due to the stability of the Ca complex with DFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Wuttig
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel , Marine Biogeochemistry, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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18
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Takeshita K, Okazaki S, Itoda A. Nitroxyl Radicals Remarkably Enhanced the Superoxide Anion Radical-Induced Chemiluminescence of Cypridina Luciferin Analogues. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6833-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401002v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Takeshita
- Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda,
Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Shoko Okazaki
- Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda,
Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Akiko Itoda
- Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda,
Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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Nikiforova AB, Fadeev RS, Kruglov AG. Rapid fluorescent visualization of multiple NAD(P)H oxidoreductases in homogenate, permeabilized cells, and tissue slices. Anal Biochem 2013; 440:189-96. [PMID: 23747529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular NAD(P)H oxidoreductases are a class of diverse enzymes that are the key players in a number of vital processes. The method we present and validate here is based on the ability of many NAD(P)H oxidoreductases to reduce the superoxide probe lucigenin, which is structurally similar to flavins, to its highly fluorescent water-insoluble derivative dimethylbiacridene. Two modifications of the method are proposed: (i) an express method for tissue homogenate and permeabilized cells in suspensions and (ii) a standard procedure for cells in culture and acute thin tissue slices. The method allows one to assess, visualize, and localize, using fluorescent markers of cellular compartments, multiple NADH and NADPH oxidoreductase activities. The application of selective inhibitors (e.g., VAS2870, a NOX2 inhibitor; plumbagin, a NOX4 inhibitor) allows one to distinguish and compare specific NAD(P)H oxidoreductase activities in cells and tissues and to attribute them to known enzymes. The method is simple, rapid, and flexible. It can be easily adapted to a variety of tasks. It will be useful for investigations of the role of various NAD(P)H oxidoreductases in a number of physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Nikiforova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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20
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Fedotcheva TA, Kruglov AG, Teplova VV, Fedotcheva NI, Rzheznikov VM, Shimanovskii NL. Effect of steroid hormones on production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350912060061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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Jiang Z, Chen M, Hu Y, Wang J, Chen G. Investigation on1O2generation ability of di-sulfonic phthalocyanine zinc isomers using an HPLC-CL system. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 28:922-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Meili Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Yanli Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Jian Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Guonan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
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Maghzal GJ, Krause KH, Stocker R, Jaquet V. Detection of reactive oxygen species derived from the family of NOX NADPH oxidases. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1903-18. [PMID: 22982596 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOX) are superoxide anion radical (O(2)(-•))-generating enzymes. They form a family of seven members, each with a specific tissue distribution. They function as electron transport chains across membranes, using NADPH as electron donor to reduce molecular oxygen to O(2)(-•). NOX have multiple biological functions, ranging from host defense to inflammation and cellular signaling. Measuring NOX activity is crucial in understanding the roles of these enzymes in physiology and pathology. Many of the methods used to measure NOX activity are based on the detection of small molecules that react with NOX-generated O(2)(-•) or its direct dismutation product hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to form fluorescent, luminescent, or colored products. Initial techniques were developed to measure the activity of the phagocyte isoform NOX2 during the oxidative burst of stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which generate large quantities of O(2)(-•). However, other members of the NOX family generate much less O(2)(-•) and hence H(2)O(2), and their activity is difficult to distinguish from other sources of these reactive species. In addition, O(2)(-•) and H(2)O(2) are reactive molecules and most probes are prone to artifacts and therefore should be used with appropriate controls and the data carefully interpreted. This review gives an overview of current methods used to measure NOX activity and NOX-derived O(2)(-•) and H(2)O(2) in cells, tissues, isolated systems, and living organisms, describing the advantages and caveats of many established methods with emphasis on more recent technologies and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan J Maghzal
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences (Pathology) and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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23
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Beloborodova N, Bairamov I, Olenin A, Shubina V, Teplova V, Fedotcheva N. Effect of phenolic acids of microbial origin on production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria and neutrophils. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:89. [PMID: 23061754 PMCID: PMC3503878 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several low-molecular-weight phenolic acids are present in the blood of septic patients at high levels. The microbial origin of the most of phenolic acids in the human body was shown previously, but pathophysiological role of the phenolic acids is not clear. Sepsis is associated with the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both the circulation and the affected organs. In this work the influence of phenolic acids on ROS production in mitochondria and neutrophils was investigated. METHODS ROS production in mitochondria and neutrophils was determined by MCLA- and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. The rate of oxygen consumption by mitochondria was determined polarographically. The difference of electric potentials on the inner mitochondrial membrane was registered using a TPP+-selective electrode. The formation of phenolic metabolites in monocultures by the members of the main groups of the anaerobic human microflora and aerobic pathogenic bacteria was investigated by the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS All phenolic acids had impact on mitochondria and neutrophils, the main producers of ROS in tissues and circulation. Phenolic acids (benzoic and cinnamic acids) producing the pro-oxidant effect on mitochondria inhibited ROS formation in neutrophils. Their effect on mitochondria was abolished by dithiothreitol (DTT). Phenyllactate and p-hydroxyphenyllactate decreased ROS production in both mitochondria and neutrophils. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli produced in vitro considerable amounts of phenyllactic and p-hydroxyphenyllactic acids, Clostridia s. produced great quantities of phenylpropionic and p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acids, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid was produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii; and benzoic acid, by Serratia marcescens. CONCLUSIONS The most potent activators of ROS production in mitochondria are phenolic acids whose effect is mediated via the interaction with thiol groups. Among these are benzoic and cinnamic acids. Some phenolic acids, in particular phenyllactate and p-hydroxyphenyllactate, which decrease ROS production in mitochondria and neutrophils, can play a role of natural antioxidants. The results indicate that low-molecular weight phenolic acids of microbial origin participate in the regulation of the ROS production in both the circulation and tissues, thereby affecting the level of oxidative stress in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Beloborodova
- Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Metabolism of Critical State, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Yaekashiwa N, Sato E, Nakamura K, Iwasawa A, Kudo A, Kanno T, Kohno M, Niwano Y. Determination of reactive oxygen species generated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated oral polymorphonuclear cells from healthy human volunteers without any dental problems. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:636-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Wang J, Xu M, Chen M, Jiang Z, Chen G. Study on sonodynamic activity of metallophthalocyanine sonosensitizers based on the sonochemiluminescence of MCLA. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2012; 19:237-242. [PMID: 21840747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the chemiluminescence analysis method was used to detect the free radical during sonodynamic process. MCLA, which can specifically react with singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) or superoxide anion to emit photon, was used to detect free radical formation in the sonosensitization of metallophthalocyanine in real time. The ultrasound-induced chemiluminescence of MCLA enhanced by sulfonated phthalocyanines Nickel did not show the expected structure-activity relationship which was well known as type II mechanism for the photodynamic therapy related to singlet oxygen production. The results showed that free radical are involved in the sonosensitization, and the catalytic performance of NiPcS(4) was the main reason for the increase of SCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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26
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Fedotcheva TA, Shimanovskii NL, Kruglov AG, Teplova VV, Fedotcheva NI. Role of mitochondrial thiols of different localization in the generation of reactive oxygen species. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747811060043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Heller MI, Croot PL. Kinetics of superoxide reactions with dissolved organic matter in tropical Atlantic surface waters near Cape Verde (TENATSO). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jc006021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Kruglov AG, Andersson MA, Mikkola R, Roivainen M, Kredics L, Saris NEL, Salkinoja-Salonen MS. Novel mycotoxin from Acremonium exuviarum is a powerful inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 22:565-73. [PMID: 19193189 DOI: 10.1021/tx800317z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel mycotoxin named acrebol, consisting of two closely similar peptaibols (1726 and 1740 Da), was isolated from an indoor strain of the mitosporic ascomycete fungus Acremonium exuviarum. This paper describes the unique mitochondrial toxicity of acrebol, not earlier described for any peptaibol. Acrebol inhibited complex III of the respiratory chain of isolated rat liver mitochondria (1 mg of protein mL(-1)) with an IC(50) of approximately 80 ng mL(-1) (50 nM) after a short preincubation, and 350 ng mL(-1) caused immediate and complete inhibition. Acrebol thus is a complex III inhibitor almost as potent as antimycin A and myxothiazol but completely different in structure. Similarly to myxothiazol but in contrast to antimycin A, acrebol decreased the level of mitochondrial superoxide anion detectable by chemiluminescent probe 3,7-dihydro-2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-one. Unlike other peptaibols, acrebol in toxic concentrations did not increase the ionic and solute permeability of membranes of isolated rat liver mitochondria, did not induce disturbance of the ionic homeostasis or the osmotic balance of mitochondria, and did not release apoptogenic proteins like cytochrome c from the intermembrane space of mitochondria. In boar spermatozoa, acrebol inhibited the respiratory chain and caused ATP depletion by activation of the oligomycin-sensitive F(0)F(1)-ATPase, which resulted in the inhibition of the progressive movement. In mouse insulinoma MIN-6 cells, whose energy supply solely depends on oxidative phosphorylation, acrebol induced necrosis-like death. The pathophysiological relevance of these findings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey G Kruglov
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Sulfur-containing compounds quench 3,7-dihydro-2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-one chemiluminescence: Discrimination between true antioxidants and quenchers using xanthine oxidase. Anal Biochem 2010; 406:230-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Krestinina OV, Kruglov AG, Grachev DE, Baburina YL, Evtodienko YV, Moshkov DA, Santalova IM, Azarashvili TS. Age-dependent changes of mitochondrial functions in Ca2+-induced opening of permeability transition pore. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s199074781002008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Heller MI, Croot PL. Application of a superoxide (O(2)(-)) thermal source (SOTS-1) for the determination and calibration of O(2)(-) fluxes in seawater. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 667:1-13. [PMID: 20441861 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide (O(2)(-)) is an important short lived transient reactive oxygen species (ROS) in seawater. The main source of O(2)(-) in the ocean is believed to be through photochemical reactions though biological processes may also be important. Sink terms for O(2)(-) include redox reactions with bioactive trace metals, including Cu and Fe, and to a lesser extent dissolved organic matter (DOM). Information on the source fluxes, sinks and concentration of superoxide in the open ocean are crucial to improving our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of redox active species. As O(2)(-) is a highly reactive transient species present at low concentrations it is not a trivial task to make accurate and precise measurements in seawater. In this study we developed the appropriate numerical analysis tools and investigated a number of superoxide sources and methods for the purposes of calibrating O(2)(-) concentrations and/or fluxes specifically in seawater. We found the superoxide thermal source bis(4-carboxybenzyl)hyponitrite (SOTS)-1 easy to employ as a reliable source of O(2)(-) which could be successfully applied in seawater. The thermal decomposition of SOTS-1 in seawater was evaluated over a range of seawater temperatures using both a flux based detection scheme developed using two spectrophotometric methods: (i) 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) and (ii) ferricytochrome c (FC), or a concentration based detection scheme using a chemiluminescence flow injection method based on the Cypridina luciferin analog 2-methyl-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)3-7-dihydroimidazol[1,2-alpha]pyrazin-3-one (MCLA) as reagent. Our results suggest SOTS-1 is the best available O(2)(-) source for determining concentrations and fluxes, all detection systems tested have their pros and cons and the choice of which to use depends more on the duration and type of experiment that is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Heller
- FB2 Marine Biogeochemie, Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IfM-Geomar), Dienstgebäude Westufer, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Flow cytometry-based assay for the activity of NAD(P)H oxidoreductases of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Anal Biochem 2009; 395:134-43. [PMID: 19679097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
NAD(P)H oxidoreductases of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) are able to activate various xenobiotics and stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species and the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. However, the role of these systems in the cell damage by xenobiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs is poorly understood because the methods for the selective assessment of their activity have not been elaborated and specific inhibitors are unknown. Here we propose a method for the semiquantitative assessment of the activity of NAD(P)H oxidoreductases of the OMM in intact and permeabilized cells that is based on the flow cytometry detection of dimethylbiacridene, a fluorescent product of two-electron reduction of lucigenin. The method uses the structural feature of mitochondrial organization: the proximity of the sites of one-electron reduction of lucigenin to cation radical (NAD(P)H oxidoreductases of the OMM) to the sites of its subsequent oxidation (cytochrome c oxidase). The inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase by cyanide selectively activates the dimethylbiacridene formation by oxidoreductases of the OMM but not by other cellular oxidoreductases. The proposed protocol allows one to assess the lucigenin reductase (two-electron) activity of NAD(P)H oxidoreductases of the OMM and to compare it with the activity of other cellular systems that can be used for the analysis of the role of these systems in the cell damage by xenobiotics and antitumor drugs.
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Fedotcheva NI, Kazakov RE, Kondrashova MN, Beloborodova NV. Toxic effects of microbial phenolic acids on the functions of mitochondria. Toxicol Lett 2008; 180:182-8. [PMID: 18634861 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight phenolic acids (PhAs) phenylacetate, phenyllactate, phenylpropionate, p-hydroxyphenyllactate, and p-hydroxyphenylacetate are essentially the products of the degradation of aromatic amino acids and polyphenols by the intestinal microflora. In sepsis, the concentrations of some of these acids in the blood increase tens of times. Assuming that these compounds can cause the mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis, we examined their effects on respiration, the induction of pore opening, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria. It was found that phenylpropionate and phenylacetate produce a more toxic effect on mitochondria than the other phenolic acids. At concentrations 0.01-0.1 mM they decreased the rate of oxidation of NAD-dependent substrates and activated the Ca2+- and menadione-induced opening of the cyclosporin A-sensitive pore and the production of ROS. The disturbances caused by these PhAs are similar to those observed in mitochondria in sepsis, and hence the rise in their level may be one of the causes of mitochondrial dysfunctions. Phenyllactate, p-hydroxyphenyllactate, and p-hydroxyphenylacetate inhibited the production of ROS and pore opening, acting as antioxidants. Thus, the ability of PhAs to affect the mitochondrial functions, as well as an increase in their concentrations in sepsis (the total concentration of these PhAs in the blood is close to 0.1 mM), suggests that PhAs can be directly involved in the development of mitochondrial failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Fedotcheva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290 Russia.
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34
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Kruglov AG, Subbotina KB, Saris NEL. Redox-cycling compounds can cause the permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes by mechanisms other than ROS production. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:646-56. [PMID: 18053818 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening by the redox-cycling compounds menadione and lucigenin was explored. The level of ROS was modulated by antioxidants, anoxia, and switching the sites of the reduction of redox cyclers, the dehydrogenases of the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. We found that the reduction of both lucigenin and menadione in the outer mitochondrial membrane caused a strong production of ROS. However, mPTP opening was accelerated only in the presence of the cationic acceptor lucigenin. The antioxidants and scavengers of ROS that considerably decreased the level of ROS in mitochondria did not prevent or delay the mPTP opening. If the transmembrane potential under anoxia was supported by exogenous ATP or ferricyanide, the permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes by menadione or lucigenin was the same as under normoxia or even more pronounced. Under anoxia, the lucigenin-dependent permeabilization of membranes was less sensitive to mPTP antagonists than under normoxia. We conclude that the opening of the mPTP by redox cyclers may be independent of ROS and is due to the direct oxidation of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides by menadione and the modification of critical thiols of the mPTP by the cation radical of lucigenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey G Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya, 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
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35
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Rose AL, Moffett JW, Waite TD. Determination of Superoxide in Seawater Using 2-Methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,7- dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one Chemiluminescence. Anal Chem 2008; 80:1215-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ac7018975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Rose
- Centre for Water and Waste Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, and Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - James W. Moffett
- Centre for Water and Waste Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, and Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - T. David Waite
- Centre for Water and Waste Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, and Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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Swindle EJ, Metcalfe DD. The role of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in mast cell-dependent inflammatory processes. Immunol Rev 2007; 217:186-205. [PMID: 17498060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNOS), including nitric oxide, are produced in cells by a variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. At high levels, both types of oxidants are used to kill ingested organisms within phagocytes. At low levels, RNOS may diffuse outside cells where they impact the vasculature and nervous system. Recent evidence suggests that low levels of ROS produced within cells are involved in cell signaling. Along with these physiological roles, many pathological conditions exist where detrimental high-level ROS and RNOS are produced. Many situations in which ROS/RNOS are associated also involve mast cell activation. In innate immunity, such mast cells are involved in the immune response toward pathogens. In acquired immunity, activation of mast cells by cross-linking of receptor-bound immunoglobulin E causes the release of mediators involved in the allergic inflammatory response. In this review, we describe the principle pathways for ROS and RNOS generation by cells and discuss the existence of such pathways in mast cells. In addition, we examine the evidence for a functional role for ROS and RNOS in mast cell secretory responses and discuss evidence for a direct relationship between ROS, RNOS, and mast cells in mast cell-dependent inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Swindle
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-6961, USA.
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Kruglov AG, Teplova VV, Saris NEL. The effect of the lipophilic cation lucigenin on mitochondria depends on the site of its reduction. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 74:545-56. [PMID: 17586474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2007] [Revised: 05/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) in the activation of lipophilic cationic dyes is poorly understood. In the present study we compared the rates of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondriotoxic effects of the redox-cycling lipophilic cationic dye lucigenin upon its activation by the respiratory chain and NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases of the OMM. We found that, only in the presence of external NADH and NADPH, which are unable to penetrate the inner membrane, lucigenin stimulated a massive superoxide production and a fast permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes. The permeabilization was biphasic. The first, cyclosporin A-insensitive and Ca(2+)-independent phase was characterized by increased permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to solutes with molecular masses of <or=200 Da. The second phase was sensitive to the antagonists of the permeability transition pore (mPTP) and was characterized by permeability similar to that of mPTP (<or=1500 Da). A massive cytochrome c release was observed even at the first phase of permeability when the second phase was inhibited by mPTP antagonists. Whatever the site of lucigenin activation, antioxidants and scavengers of ROS that strongly decrease the ROS level were unable to delay or prevent the permeabilization of membranes, which casts doubt on the involvement of ROS in the regulation of permeability by redox-cycling lipophilic cations. Our results strongly support the idea that the NAD(P)H-dependent reductases of xenobiotics of the OMM can mediate the toxicity of cationic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey G Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia.
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Dikalov S, Griendling KK, Harrison DG. Measurement of reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular studies. Hypertension 2007; 49:717-27. [PMID: 17296874 PMCID: PMC1993891 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000258594.87211.6b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Dikalov
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Costa D, Fernandes E, Santos JLM, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS, Lima JLFC. New noncellular fluorescence microplate screening assay for scavenging activity against singlet oxygen. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:2071-81. [PMID: 17225996 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a new fluorescence microplate screening assay for evaluating scavenging activity against singlet oxygen (1O2) was implemented. The chemical generation of 1O2 was promoted using the thermodissociable endoperoxide of disodium 3,3'-(1,4-naphthalene)bispropionate (NDPO2). The detection of 1O2 was achieved using dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR), a nonfluorescent molecule that is oxidizable to the fluorescent form rhodamine 123 (RH). The combined use of a 1O2-selective generator and a highly sensitive probe (DHR) was then successfully applied to perform a screening assay of the 1O2 scavenging activities of ascorbic acid, penicillamine, cysteine, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), methionine, reduced glutathione (GSH), dihydrolipoic acid, lipoic acid, and sodium azide. All of these antioxidants exhibited concentration-dependent 1O2 scavenging capacities. They could be ranked according to observed activity: ascorbic acid>cysteine>penicillamine>dihydrolipoic acid>GSH>NAC>sodium azide>lipoic acid (IC50 values of 3.0+/-0.2, 8.0+/-0.7, 10.9+/-0.8, 25.2+/-4.5, 57.4+/-5.9, 138+/-13, 1124+/-128, 2775+/-359 microM, mean+/-SEM, respectively)>methionine (35% of scavenging effect at 10 mM). In conclusion, the use of NDPO2 as a selective generator for 1O2 and its fluorescence detection by the highly sensitive probe DHR is shown to be a reliable and resourceful analytical alternative means to implement a microplate screening assay for scavenging activity against 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Costa
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4099-030, Porto, Portugal
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Bartosz G. Use of spectroscopic probes for detection of reactive oxygen species. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 368:53-76. [PMID: 16483560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2005] [Revised: 12/24/2005] [Accepted: 12/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The detection and quantitation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) receives a great deal of interest because of their importance in a wide range of physiological and pathogenic events. Probe-assisted spectroscopy (electron spin resonance, spectrophotometry, fluorescence and luminescence) is the main tool for this application. This review discusses the properties of spectroscopic probes most commonly used for ROS detection and highlights their limitations in cellular systems. These include poor stability of some probes and/or products that may be subjected to cellular metabolism and lack of specificity in their reactions with oxidants or reductants. Additional problems often arise from undesired reactions of the probes and from their non-homogeneous distribution in the studied system, production of ROS by the probes themselves, perturbation of the systems under investigation by the probes, and artifacts due to the presence of ROS in the reaction medium. The limits imposed by these difficulties on the precise evaluation of the amounts and rates of formation of ROS are discussed critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
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Wang J, Jian Z, Chen N, Huang J. Investigation of Photoinduced Sensitized Chemiluminescence by Sulfonated Phthalocyanines Using Flow Injection Technology. Mikrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-005-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Investigation of Photoinduced Sensitized Chemiluminescence by Sulfonated Phthalocyanines Using Flow Injection Technology. Mikrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-005-0459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gong X, Yu L, Xia D, Yu CA. Evidence for electron equilibrium between the two hemes bL in the dimeric cytochrome bc1 complex. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:9251-7. [PMID: 15615714 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409994200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural analysis of the dimeric mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex suggests that electron transfer between inter-monomer hemes bL-bL may occur during bc1 catalysis. Such electron transfer may be facilitated by the aromatic pairs present between the two bL hemes in the two symmetry-related monomers. To test this hypothesis, R. sphaeroides mutants expressing His6-tagged bc1 complexes with mutations at three aromatic residues (Phe-195, Tyr-199, and Phe-203), located between two bL hemes, were generated and characterized. All three mutants grew photosynthetically at a rate comparable to that of wild-type cells. The bc1 complexes prepared from mutants F195A, Y199A, and F203A have, respectively, 78%, 100%, and 100% of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase activity found in the wild-type complex. Replacing the Phe-195 of cytochrome b with Tyr, His, or Trp results in mutant complexes (F195Y, F195H, or F195W) having the same ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase activity as the wild-type. These results indicate that the aromatic group at position195 of cytochrome b is involved in electron transfer reactions of the bc1 complex. The rate of superoxide anion (O2*) generation, measured by the chemiluminescence of 2-methyl-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2-alpha]pyrazin-3-one hydrochloride-O2* adduct during oxidation of ubiquinol, is 3 times higher in the F195A complex than in the wild-type or mutant complexes Y199A or F203A. This supports the idea that the interruption of electron transfer between the two bL hemes enhances electron leakage to oxygen and thus decreases the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gong
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
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