1
|
Zhang Y, Gao H, Zhang Y, Shao YM, Zhang RH, Wen XY. Correlation between serum cytokines and clinicopathological features in patients with drug-induced liver injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1070802. [PMID: 36569295 PMCID: PMC9773069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Changes in serum levels of cytokines have been proposed as possible biological markers of tissue damage, including drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Here, we aimed to screen cytokine markers that have guiding significance for the degree of inflammation of DILI. Patients and methods: 54 patients with DILI were retrospectively analyzed as the experimental group, and 14 healthy subjects were randomly selected as the control group. A total of 20 cytokines were detected by using a cytokine protein antibody chip, and differentially expressed proteins were screened. Results: There were significant differences in serum cytokines between DILI patients and healthy controls. Compared with the control group, the DILI group expressed 11 differential proteins. IL-8, TNF RII, TNFα, TNF RI, MIP-1β, MIP-1α, and IL-1β were differentially expressed in DILI patients with different degrees of inflammation from G1 to G4. MIG, IL-12p40, and IL-10 were differentially expressed in the higher degree of inflammation groups (G2, G3, and G4 groups). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) was differentially expressed in the group with the highest inflammation degree (G4 group). Chemokine C-C motif ligand 1 (I-309) was only differentially expressed in the lowest inflammation group (G1 group). Conclusion: The changes and differential expression of specific cytokine levels were helpful for evaluating different degrees of inflammation of DILI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yue-Ming Shao
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui-Hua Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wen
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-Yu Wen,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elshal M, Abdelmageed ME. Diacerein counteracts acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice via targeting NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β and IL-4/MCP-1 signaling pathways. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:142-158. [PMID: 35244883 PMCID: PMC8967791 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study aims at repurposing the anti-arthritic drug diacerein (DCN) for the treatment of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and investigating the potential underlying mechanisms. Mice were randomly divided into six groups receiving either no treatment (control group), 20 mg/kg DCN i.p, 400 mg/kg acetaminophen i.p, DCN 4 h before acetaminophen, DCN 2 h after acetaminophen, or 400 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine (NAC) i.p, 2 h after acetaminophen. Biomarkers of liver dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were assessed. Hepatic necroinflammatory changes were evaluated along with hepatic expression of NF-κB and caspase-1. The levels of NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-4, MCP-1, and TNF-α in the liver, as well as CYP2E1 mRNA expression, were measured. Diacerein significantly reduced biomarkers of liver dysfunction, oxidative stress, hepatocyte necrosis, and infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages whether administered 4 h before or 2 h after acetaminophen. Further, the effects were comparable to those of NAC. Diacerein also counteracted acetaminophen-induced hepatocellular apoptosis by increasing Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax and caspase-3 expression levels. Moreover, DCN normalized hepatic TNF-α and significantly decreased NF-κB p65 expression. Accordingly, DCN can prevent or reverse acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice, suggesting potential utility as a repurposed drug for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elshal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El Gomhoria Street, Eldakahlia, 35516 Egypt
| | - Marwa E. Abdelmageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El Gomhoria Street, Eldakahlia, 35516 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhong J, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Xu C. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Acetaminophen-Related Liver Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies in Vivo. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:825-838. [PMID: 34620060 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666211007092055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in acetaminophen-induced liver injury has been investigated in animal experiments, but individual studies with a small sample size cannot be used to draw a clear conclusion. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies to explore the potential of using MSCs in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. METHODS Eight databases were searched for studies reporting the effects of MSCs on acetaminophen hepatoxicity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used. SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies was applied to assess the methodological quality. A meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 and STATA/SE 16.0 software. RESULTS Eleven studies involving 159 animals were included according to PRISMA statement guidelines. Significant associations were found for MSCs with the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) (standardized mean difference (SMD) - 2.58, p < 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (SMD - 1.75, p = 0.001), glutathione (GSH) (SMD 3.7, p < 0.0001), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SMD 1.86, p = 0.022), interleukin 10 (IL-10) (SMD 5.14, p = 0.0002) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (SMD - 4.48, p = 0.011) compared with those in the control group. The subgroup analysis showed that the tissue source of MSCs significantly affected the therapeutic efficacy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis results demonstrate that MSCs could be a potential treatment for acetaminophen-related liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou. China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou. China
| | - Jiajun Zhong
- Clinical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou. China
| | - Shuisheng Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou. China
| | - Chengfang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saad KM, Shaker ME, Shaaban AA, Abdelrahman RS, Said E. The c-Met inhibitor capmatinib alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106292. [PMID: 32062076 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity comes among the most frequent humans' toxicities caused by drugs. So far, therapeutic interventions for such type of drug-induced toxicity are still limited. In the current study, we examined the influence of capmatinib (Cap), a novel c-Met inhibitor, on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice when administered 2 h prior, 2 h post and 4 h post APAP-challenge. The results revealed that Cap administration significantly attenuated APAP-induced liver injury when administered only 2 h prior and post APAP-administration. Cap hepatoprotective effect was mediated by lowering the excessive formation of lipid peroxidation and nitrosative stress products caused by APAP. Besides, Cap attenuated APAP-induced overproduction and release of proinflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-6, and MCP-1. Cap treatment also led to avoidance of APAP-subsequent repair by abating APAP-induced elevation of hepatic IL-22 and PCNA expressions. In conclusion, c-Met receptor inhibition may be a potential strategy for alleviating APAP-hepatotoxicity, especially when administered in the early phase of intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kareem M Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Shaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan
| | - Rehab S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al-Munawwarah 30001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Said
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang F, Medik Y, Li L, Tian X, Fu D, Brouwer KL, Wagner K, Sun B, Sendi H, Mi Y, Wang AZ. Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Can Reduce the Hepatotoxicity of Therapeutic Cargo. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906360. [PMID: 31972070 PMCID: PMC7873714 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is a key concern in the clinical translation of nanotherapeutics because preclinical studies have consistently shown that nanotherapeutics accumulates extensively in the liver. However, clinical-stage nanotherapeutics have not shown increased hepatotoxicity. Factors that can contribute to the hepatotoxicity of nanotherapeutics beyond the intrinsic hepatotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) are poorly understood. Because of this knowledge gap, clinical translation efforts have avoided hepatotoxic molecules. By examining the hepatotoxicity of nanoformulations of known hepatotoxic compounds, it is demonstrated that nanotherapeutics are associated with lower hepatotoxicity than their small-molecule counterparts. It is also found that the reduced hepatotoxicity is related to the uptake of nanotherapeutics by macrophages in the liver. These findings can facilitate further development and clinical translation of nanotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China; Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yusra Medik
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Liantao Li
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xi Tian
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dong Fu
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kim L.R. Brouwer
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kyle Wagner
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hossein Sendi
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yu Mi
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew Z. Wang
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bellanti F, Pannone G, Tartaglia N, Serviddio G. Redox Control of the Immune Response in the Hepatic Progenitor Cell Niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:295. [PMID: 32435643 PMCID: PMC7218163 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver commonly self-regenerates by a proliferation of mature cell types. Nevertheless, in case of severe or protracted damage, the organ renewal is mediated by the hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), adult progenitors capable of differentiating toward the biliary and the hepatocyte lineages. This regeneration process is determined by the formation of a stereotypical niche surrounding the emerging progenitors. The organization of the HPC niche microenvironment is crucial to drive biliary or hepatocyte regeneration. Furthermore, this is the site of a complex immunological activity mediated by several immune and non-immune cells. Indeed, several cytokines produced by monocytes, macrophages and T-lymphocytes may promote the activation of HPCs in the niche. On the other side, HPCs may produce pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by liver inflammation. The inflamed liver is characterized by high generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which in turn lead to the oxidation of macromolecules and the alteration of signaling pathways. Reactive species and redox signaling are involved in both the immunological and the adult stem cell regeneration processes. It is then conceivable that redox balance may finely regulate the immune response in the HPC niche, modulating the regeneration process and the immune activity of HPCs. In this perspective article, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of reactive species in the regulation of hepatic immunity, suggesting future research directions for the study of redox signaling on the immunomodulatory properties of HPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- Center for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Bellanti,
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Institute of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Tartaglia
- Institute of General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Center for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Ni HM, Jaeschke H, Ding WX. Chlorpromazine protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice by modulating autophagy and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. LIVER RESEARCH 2019; 3:65-74. [PMID: 31815033 PMCID: PMC6897503 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) leads to liver injury, which is one of the most common causes of liver failure in the United States. We previously demonstrated that pharmacological activation of autophagy protects against APAP-induced liver injury in mice via removal of damaged mitochondria and APAP-adducts (APAP-ADs). Using an image-based high-throughput screening for autophagy modulators, we recently identified that chlorpromazine (CPZ), a dopamine inhibitor used for anti-schizophrenia, is a potent autophagy inducer in vitro. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine whether CPZ may protect against APAP-induced liver injury via inducing autophagy. METHODS Wild type C57BL/6J mice were injected with APAP to induce liver injury. CPZ was administrated either at the same time with APAP (co-treatment) or 2 h later after APAP administration (post-treatment). Hemotoxyline and eosin (H&E) staining of liver histology, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining of necrotic cell death as well as serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were used to monitor liver injury. RESULTS We found that CPZ markedly protected against APAP-induced liver injury as demonstrated by decreased serum levels of ALT, liver necrotic areas as well as TUNEL-positive cells in mice that were either co-treated or post-treated with CPZ. Mechanistically, we observed that CPZ increased the number of autolysosomes and decreased APAP-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation without affecting the metabolic activation of APAP. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine partially weakened the protective effects of CPZ against APAP-induced liver injury. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CPZ ameliorates APAP-induced liver injury partially via activating hepatic autophagy and inhibiting JNK activation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsai MS, Wang YH, Lai YY, Tsou HK, Liou GG, Ko JL, Wang SH. Kaempferol protects against propacetamol-induced acute liver injury through CYP2E1 inactivation, UGT1A1 activation, and attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in mice. Toxicol Lett 2018; 290:97-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
Iridoid Glycosides Fraction Isolated from Veronica ciliata Fisch. Protects against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6106572. [PMID: 28293265 PMCID: PMC5331163 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Veronica ciliata Fisch. has traditionally been used in Tibetan medicine for the treatment of hepatitis, cholecystitis, rheumatism, and urticaria. We analyzed the chemical composition of the iridoid glycosides fraction (IGF) isolated from V. ciliata and evaluated the antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. The IGF was separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and the main compounds were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array. We determined the in vitro antioxidant ability of the IGF through radical scavenging assays and assessed the in vivo hepatoprotective potential in an acetaminophen- (APAP-) induced acute liver injury murine model. The IGF was separated by HSCCC and three major iridoid glycosides (verproside, catalposide, and amphicoside) were identified as potent antioxidants and hepatoprotective compounds. Treatment with the IGF significantly suppressed the APAP-induced elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); improved serum total antioxidant capacity; decreased malondialdehyde formation; elevated superoxide dismutase and glutathione activity; and decreased expression of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, nuclear factor kappa B) in the liver. Finally, we examined the histopathology of resected livers for evidence of hepatoprotection. The protection conferred by the IGF may be related to the reinforcement of antioxidant defense systems.
Collapse
|
10
|
Roth RA, Maiuri AR, Ganey PE. Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Is Drug-Cytokine Interaction the Linchpin? J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:461-470. [PMID: 28104833 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury continues to be a human health problem in part because drugs that cause these reactions are not identified in current preclinical testing and because progress in prevention is hampered by incomplete knowledge of mechanisms that underlie these adverse responses. Several hypotheses involving adaptive immune responses, inflammatory stress, inability to adapt to stress, and multiple, concurrent factors have been proposed. Yet much remains unknown about how drugs interact with the liver to effect death of hepatocytes. Evidence supporting hypotheses implicating adaptive or innate immune responses in afflicted patients has begun to emerge and is bolstered by results obtained in experimental animal models and in vitro systems. A commonality in adaptive and innate immunity is the production of cytokines, including interferon-γ (IFNγ). IFNγ initiates cell signaling pathways that culminate in cell death or inhibition of proliferative repair. Tumor necrosis factor-α, another cytokine prominent in immune responses, can also promote cell death. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor-α interacts with IFNγ, leading to enhanced cellular responses to each cytokine. In this short review, we propose that the interaction of drugs with these cytokines contributes to idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury, and mechanisms by which this could occur are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Ashley R Maiuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Patricia E Ganey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mühl H. STAT3, a Key Parameter of Cytokine-Driven Tissue Protection during Sterile Inflammation - the Case of Experimental Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)-Induced Liver Damage. Front Immunol 2016; 7:163. [PMID: 27199988 PMCID: PMC4852172 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, or paracetamol) overdosing is a prevalent cause of acute liver injury. While clinical disease is initiated by overt parenchymal hepatocyte necrosis in response to the analgetic, course of intoxication is substantially influenced by associated activation of innate immunity. This process is supposed to be set in motion by release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying hepatocytes and is accompanied by an inflammatory cytokine response. Murine models of APAP-induced liver injury emphasize the complex role that DAMPs and cytokines play in promoting either hepatic pathogenesis or resolution and recovery from intoxication. Whereas the function of key inflammatory cytokines is controversially discussed, a subclass of specific cytokines capable of efficiently activating the hepatocyte signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 pathway stands out as being consistently protective in murine models of APAP intoxication. Those include foremost interleukin (IL)-6, IL-11, IL-13, and IL-22. Above all, activation of STAT3 under the influence of these cytokines has the capability to drive hepatocyte compensatory proliferation, a key principle of the regenerating liver. Herein, the role of these specific cytokines during experimental APAP-induced liver injury is highlighted and discussed in a broader perspective. In hard-to-treat or at-risk patients, standard therapy may fail and APAP intoxication can proceed toward a fatal condition. Focused administration of recombinant STAT3-activating cytokines may evolve as novel therapeutic approach under those ill-fated conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Mühl
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Protective Activity of Total Polyphenols from Genista quadriflora Munby and Teucrium polium geyrii Maire in Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Nutrients 2016; 8:193. [PMID: 27043622 PMCID: PMC4848662 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major cause of drug-induced hepatic diseases and several studies have demonstrated that diet supplementation with plants rich in antioxidant compounds provides a variety of health benefits in these circumstances. Genista quadriflora Munby (Gq) and Teucrium polium geyrii Maire (Tp) are known to possess antioxidant and numerous biological properties and these endemic plants are often used for dietary or medicinal applications. Herein, we evaluated the beneficial effect of rich-polyphenol fractions of Gq and Tp to prevent Acetaminophen-induced liver injury and investigated the mechanisms involved in this protective action. Rats were orally administered polyphenolic extracts from Gq or Tp (300 mg/kg) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC: 200 mg/kg) once daily for ten days prior to the single oral administration of Acetaminophen (APAP: 1 g/kg). The results show that preventive administration of polyphenolic extracts from Gq or Tp exerts a hepatoprotective influence during APAP treatment by improving transaminases leakage and liver histology and stimulating antioxidant defenses. Besides, suppression of liver CYP2E1, GSTpi and TNF-α mRNA levels, with enhancement of mitochondrial bioenergetics may contribute to the observed hepatoprotection induced by Gq and Tp extracts. The effect of Tp extract is significantly higher (1.5–2 fold) than that of Gq extract and NAC regarding the enhancement of mitochondrial functionality. Overall, this study brings the first evidence that pretreatment with these natural extracts display in vivo protective activity against APAP hepatotoxicity through improving mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidant status, phase I and II enzymes expression and inflammatory processes probably by virtue of their high total polyphenols content.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yan T, Wang H, Zhao M, Yagai T, Chai Y, Krausz KW, Xie C, Cheng X, Zhang J, Che Y, Li F, Wu Y, Brocker CN, Gonzalez FJ, Wang G, Hao H. Glycyrrhizin Protects against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury via Alleviating Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Mediated Apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:720-31. [PMID: 26965985 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.069419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure in Western countries. Glycyrrhizin (GL), a potent hepatoprotective constituent extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine liquorice, has potential clinical use in treating APAP-induced liver failure. The present study determined the hepatoprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of action of GL and its active metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). Various administration routes and pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics analyses were used to differentiate the effects of GL and GA on APAP toxicity in mice. Mice deficient in cytochrome P450 2E1 enzyme (CYP2E1) or receptor interacting protein 3 (RIPK3) and their relative wild-type littermates were subjected to histologic and biochemical analyses to determine the potential mechanisms. Hepatocyte death mediated by tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα)/caspase was analyzed by use of human liver-derived LO2 cells. The pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics analysis using various administration routes revealed that GL but not GA potently attenuated APAP-induced liver injury. The protective effect of GL was found only with intraperitoneal and intravenous administration and not with gastric administration. CYP2E1-mediated metabolic activation and RIPK3-mediated necroptosis were unrelated to GL's protective effect. However, GL inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis via interference with TNFα-induced apoptotic hepatocyte death. These results demonstrate that GL rapidly attenuates APAP-induced liver injury by directly inhibiting TNFα-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. The protective effect against APAP-induced liver toxicity by GL in mice suggests the therapeutic potential of GL for the treatment of APAP overdose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Tomoki Yagai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Yingying Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Cen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Xuefang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Yuan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Feiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Chad N Brocker
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Ti.Y., H.W., M.Z., Yi.C., X.C., J.Z., Yu.C., F.L., Y.W., G.W., H.H.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Ti.Y., To.Y., K.W.K., C.X., C.N.B., F.J.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Katselis C, Apostolou K, Feretis T, Papanikolaou IG, Zografos GC, Toutouzas K, Papalois A. Role of Stem Cells Transplantation in Tissue Regeneration After Acute or Chronic Acetaminophen Induced Liver Injury. J INVEST SURG 2015; 29:112-20. [PMID: 26650889 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2015.1086040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acetaminophen-induced liver injury (APAP) is recognized as a frequent etiologic factor responsible for hepatic damage in the developed world. Management remains still elusive as treatment options are limited and their results are inconclusive. Consequently new strategies are explored at the experimental level. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present a promising modality as they can promote liver regeneration (LG) and compensate acute liver injury (ALI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Our research was focused on articles related to drug-induced liver injury, mechanisms of liver regeneration (LG) after Acute Liver Injury (ALI) and recent experimental protocols of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) transplantation after chemical insult. All these studies are cited on Pubmed and MedLine. RESULTS This review has three distinct sections. First recent developments in ALI pathogenesis are presented. The second section covers cellular pathways and histological findings relevant to liver regeneration. The final chapter analyzes MSCs transplantation protocols after ALI and interrelation between liver regeneration and hepatic differentiation of MSCs. CONCLUSION Adipose tissue stem cells (ADSCs) and (MSCs) transplantation represents a promising modality in severe ALI management although many aspects remain to be clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Katselis
- a Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippocration" , Athens , Greece.,b Experimental - Research Center , ELPEN Pharmaceuticals , Pikermi , Attica
| | - Konstantinos Apostolou
- a Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippocration" , Athens , Greece.,b Experimental - Research Center , ELPEN Pharmaceuticals , Pikermi , Attica
| | - Themistoklis Feretis
- a Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippocration" , Athens , Greece.,b Experimental - Research Center , ELPEN Pharmaceuticals , Pikermi , Attica
| | - Ioannis G Papanikolaou
- a Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippocration" , Athens , Greece.,b Experimental - Research Center , ELPEN Pharmaceuticals , Pikermi , Attica
| | - George C Zografos
- a Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippocration" , Athens , Greece
| | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- a Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippocration" , Athens , Greece
| | - Apostolos Papalois
- a Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippocration" , Athens , Greece.,b Experimental - Research Center , ELPEN Pharmaceuticals , Pikermi , Attica
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aminotriazole alleviates acetaminophen poisoning via downregulating P450 2E1 and suppressing inflammation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122781. [PMID: 25884831 PMCID: PMC4401561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminotriazole (ATZ) is commonly used as a catalase (CAT) inhibitor. We previously found ATZ attenuated oxidative liver injury, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose frequently induces life-threatening oxidative hepatitis. In the present study, the potential hepatoprotective effects of ATZ on oxidative liver injury and the underlying mechanisms were further investigated in a mouse model with APAP poisoning. The experimental data indicated that pretreatment with ATZ dose- and time-dependently suppressed the elevation of plasma aminotransferases in APAP exposed mice, these effects were accompanied with alleviated histological abnormality and improved survival rate of APAP-challenged mice. In mice exposed to APAP, ATZ pretreatment decreased the CAT activities, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in liver and reduced TNF-α levels in plasma. Pretreatment with ATZ also downregulated APAP-induced cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression and JNK phosphorylation. In addition, posttreatment with ATZ after APAP challenge decreased the levels of plasma aminotransferases and increased the survival rate of experimental animals. Posttreatment with ATZ had no effects on CYP2E1 expression or JNK phosphorylation, but it significantly decreased the levels of plasma TNF-α. Our data indicated that the LD50 of ATZ in mice was 5367.4 mg/kg body weight, which is much higher than the therapeutic dose of ATZ in the present study. These data suggested that ATZ might be effective and safe in protect mice against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, the beneficial effects might resulted from downregulation of CYP2E1 and inhibiton of inflammation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang Q, Yang F, Tang X, Ding L, Xu Y, Xiong Y, Wang Z, Yang L. Chlorpromazine-induced perturbations of bile acids and free fatty acids in cholestatic liver injury prevented by the Chinese herbal compound Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:122. [PMID: 25887351 PMCID: PMC4410582 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT), a commonly used as a traditional chinese medicine for liver disease. Several studies indicated that YCHT may improving hepatic triglyceride metabolism and anti-apoptotic response as well as decreasing oxidative stress .However, little is known about the role of YCHT in chlorpromazine (CPZ) -induced chlolestatic liver injury. Therefore, we aimed to facilitate the understanding of the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury and evaluate the effect of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT) on chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced cholestatic liver injury in rats based on the change of bile acids (BAs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) alone with the biochemical indicators and histological examination. METHODS We conducted an experiment on CPZ-induced cholestatic liver injury in Wistar rats with and without YCHT for nine consecutive days. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TBIL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured to evaluate the protective effect of YCHT against chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced cholestatic liver injury. Histopathology of the liver tissue showed that pathological injuries were relieved after YCHT pretreatment. In addition, ultra-performance lipid chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to determine the content of bile acids, free fatty acids, respectively. RESULTS Obtained data showed that YCHT attenuated the effect of CPZ-induced cholestatic liver injury, which was manifested by the serum biochemical parameters and histopathology of the liver tissue. YCHT regulated the lipid levels as indicated by the reversed serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C. YCHT also regulated the disorder of BA and FFA metabolism by CPZ induction. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that YCHT exerted a protective effect on CPZ-induced cholestasis liver injury. The variance of BA and FFA concentrations can be used to evaluate the cholestatic liver injury caused by CPZ and the hepatoprotective effect of YCHT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Yang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lili Ding
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yinhua Xiong
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Yang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Borlak J, Chougule A, Singh PK. How useful are clinical liver function tests in in vitro human hepatotoxicity assays? Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:784-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
18
|
Bachour-El Azzi P, Sharanek A, Abdel-Razzak Z, Antherieu S, Al-Attrache H, Savary CC, Lepage S, Morel I, Labbe G, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Guillouzo A. Impact of inflammation on chlorpromazine-induced cytotoxicity and cholestatic features in HepaRG cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1556-66. [PMID: 25002748 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.058123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several factors are thought to be implicated in the occurrence of idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions. The present work aimed to question as to whether inflammation is a determinant factor in hepatic lesions induced by chlorpromazine (CPZ) using the human HepaRG cell line. An inflammation state was induced by a 24-hour exposure to proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β; then the cells were simultaneously treated with CPZ and/or cytokine for 24 hours or daily for 5 days. The inflammatory response was assessed by induction of C-reactive protein and IL-8 transcripts and proteins as well as inhibition of CPZ metabolism and down-regulation of cytochrome 3A4 (CYP3A4) and CYP1A2 transcripts, two major cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes involved in its metabolism. Most effects of cotreatments with cytokines and CPZ were amplified or only observed after five daily treatments; they mainly included increased cytotoxicity and overexpression of oxidative stress-related genes, decreased Na(+)-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide mRNA levels and activity, a key transporter involved in bile acids uptake, and deregulation of several other transporters. However, CPZ-induced inhibition of taurocholic acid efflux and pericanalicular F-actin distribution were not affected. In addition, a time-dependent induction of phospholipidosis was noticed in CPZ-treated cells, without obvious influence of the inflammatory stress. In summary, our results show that an inflammatory state induced by proinflammatory cytokines increased cytotoxicity and enhanced some cholestatic features induced by the idiosyncratic drug CPZ in HepaRG cells. These changes, together with inhibition of P450 activities, could have important consequences if extrapolated to the in vivo situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bachour-El Azzi
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Ahmad Sharanek
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Ziad Abdel-Razzak
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Sebastien Antherieu
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Houssein Al-Attrache
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Camille C Savary
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Sylvie Lepage
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Isabelle Morel
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Gilles Labbe
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - André Guillouzo
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
CCR5 knockout mice with C57BL6 background are resistant to acetaminophen-mediated hepatotoxicity due to decreased macrophages migration into the liver. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:211-20. [PMID: 24770590 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) causes necrosis of centrilobular cells of the liver. Accumulating evidence suggests that innate immune system may contribute to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Interaction between RANTES and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor (CCR) 5 is related to recruitment of macrophages to sites of inflammation. In this study, we examined effects of CCR5 deficiency on APAP-mediated liver injury by employing CCR5 knockout (KO) mice. CCR5 wild-type (WT) and KO mice received intraperitoneal injection of APAP (300 mg/kg) and were killed 24 h after the injection. Hepatic injury was determined by using histological and biochemical analyses. Intraperitoneal APAP caused the hepatocytic necrosis, as evidenced by hematoxylin and eosin staining and an increase in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels in serum. Hepatic damage appeared to be larger in CCR5 WT animals compared with KO animals. There were no differences in cytochrome P450 2E1 between CCR5 WT and KO animals suggesting that the resistance of CCR5 KO mice did not come from alterations in APAP metabolism. Infiltration of macrophages into the liver was reduced in CCR5 KO mice, and this was accompanied decreased inflammatory responses. Inhibition of macrophage activity by pretreatment of gadolinium chloride significantly blocked APAP-caused hepatotoxicity. These results indicate that recruitment of macrophage into the inflammatory sites significantly contributes to APAP-mediated hepatocytic death and CCR5 gene deletion protects from APAP-induced liver injury by alleviating macrophage recruitment and inflammatory responses. This study represents a critical role of CCR5 in macrophage infiltration into the liver and subsequent hepatotoxicity upon challenge of APAP.
Collapse
|
20
|
Poulsen KL, Albee RP, Ganey PE, Roth RA. Trovafloxacin potentiation of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor release from RAW 264.7 cells requires extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 349:185-91. [PMID: 24525298 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.211276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Trovafloxacin (TVX) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic known to cause idiosyncratic, drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) in humans. The mechanism underlying this toxicity remains unknown. Previously, an animal model of IDILI in mice revealed that TVX synergizes with inflammatory stress from bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to produce a hepatotoxic interaction. The liver injury required prolongation of the appearance of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) in the plasma. The results presented here describe a model of TVX/LPS coexposure in RAW 264.7 cells acting as a surrogate for TNF-releasing cells in vivo. Pretreating cells with TVX for 2 hours before LPS addition led to increased TNF protein release into culture medium in a concentration- and time-dependent manner relative to cells treated with LPS or TVX alone. During the pretreatment period, TVX increased TNF mRNA, but this was less apparent when cells were exposed to TVX after LPS addition, suggesting that the pivotal signaling events that increase TNF expression occurred during the TVX pretreatment period. Indeed, TVX exposure increased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Inhibition of either ERK or JNK decreased the TVX-mediated increase in TNF mRNA and LPS-induced TNF protein release, but p38 inhibition did not. These results demonstrated that the increased TNF appearance from TVX-LPS interaction in vivo can be reproduced in vitro and occurs in an ERK- and JNK-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Poulsen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Godoy P, Hewitt NJ, Albrecht U, Andersen ME, Ansari N, Bhattacharya S, Bode JG, Bolleyn J, Borner C, Böttger J, Braeuning A, Budinsky RA, Burkhardt B, Cameron NR, Camussi G, Cho CS, Choi YJ, Craig Rowlands J, Dahmen U, Damm G, Dirsch O, Donato MT, Dong J, Dooley S, Drasdo D, Eakins R, Ferreira KS, Fonsato V, Fraczek J, Gebhardt R, Gibson A, Glanemann M, Goldring CEP, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Groothuis GMM, Gustavsson L, Guyot C, Hallifax D, Hammad S, Hayward A, Häussinger D, Hellerbrand C, Hewitt P, Hoehme S, Holzhütter HG, Houston JB, Hrach J, Ito K, Jaeschke H, Keitel V, Kelm JM, Kevin Park B, Kordes C, Kullak-Ublick GA, LeCluyse EL, Lu P, Luebke-Wheeler J, Lutz A, Maltman DJ, Matz-Soja M, McMullen P, Merfort I, Messner S, Meyer C, Mwinyi J, Naisbitt DJ, Nussler AK, Olinga P, Pampaloni F, Pi J, Pluta L, Przyborski SA, Ramachandran A, Rogiers V, Rowe C, Schelcher C, Schmich K, Schwarz M, Singh B, Stelzer EHK, Stieger B, Stöber R, Sugiyama Y, Tetta C, Thasler WE, Vanhaecke T, Vinken M, Weiss TS, Widera A, Woods CG, Xu JJ, Yarborough KM, Hengstler JG. Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1315-530. [PMID: 23974980 PMCID: PMC3753504 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1062] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4α, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4α), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Godoy
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Ute Albrecht
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melvin E. Andersen
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Nariman Ansari
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Johannes Georg Bode
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Bolleyn
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Böttger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert A. Budinsky
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI USA
| | - Britta Burkhardt
- BG Trauma Center, Siegfried Weller Institut, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Neil R. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - J. Craig Rowlands
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI USA
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - María Teresa Donato
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe Avda Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jian Dong
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Drasdo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- INRIA (French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control), Domaine de Voluceau-Rocquencourt, B.P. 105, 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex, France
- UPMC University of Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7598, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, 4, pl. Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Rowena Eakins
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karine Sá Ferreira
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- GRK 1104 From Cells to Organs, Molecular Mechanisms of Organogenesis, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Fonsato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Joanna Fraczek
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrew Gibson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthias Glanemann
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chris E. P. Goldring
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - María José Gómez-Lechón
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe Avda Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geny M. M. Groothuis
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetics Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Gustavsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (Malmö), Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 59, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christelle Guyot
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Hallifax
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Adam Hayward
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH13LE UK
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Hoehme
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann-Georg Holzhütter
- Institut für Biochemie Abteilung Mathematische Systembiochemie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Brian Houston
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | | | - Kiyomi Ito
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585 Japan
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Verena Keitel
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - B. Kevin Park
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claus Kordes
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edward L. LeCluyse
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Peng Lu
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | | | - Anna Lutz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Maltman
- Reinnervate Limited, NETPark Incubator, Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield, TS21 3FD UK
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick McMullen
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Meyer
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dean J. Naisbitt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- BG Trauma Center, Siegfried Weller Institut, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Pampaloni
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jingbo Pi
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Linda Pluta
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Stefan A. Przyborski
- Reinnervate Limited, NETPark Incubator, Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield, TS21 3FD UK
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH13LE UK
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cliff Rowe
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Celine Schelcher
- Department of Surgery, Liver Regeneration, Core Facility, Human in Vitro Models of the Liver, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - Ernst H. K. Stelzer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Stöber
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN, Yokohama Biopharmaceutical R&D Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Ciro Tetta
- Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. Thasler
- Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas S. Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics and Juvenile Medicine, University of Regensburg Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agata Widera
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Courtney G. Woods
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | | | | | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Curative Effects of Thiacremonone against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Hepatic Failure via Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines Production and Infiltration of Cytotoxic Immune Cells and Kupffer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:974794. [PMID: 23935693 PMCID: PMC3725907 DOI: 10.1155/2013/974794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High doses of acetaminophen (APAP; N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) cause severe hepatotoxicity after metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 2E1. This study was undertaken to examine the preventive effects of thiacremonone, a compound extracted from garlic, on APAP-induced acute hepatic failure in male C57BL/6J. Mice received with 500 mg/kg APAP after a 7-day pretreatment with thiacremonone (10–50 mg/kg). Thiacremonone inhibited the APAP-induced serum ALT and AST levels in a dose-dependent manner, and markedly reduced the restricted area of necrosis and inflammation by administration of APAP. Thiacremonone also inhibited the APAP-induced depletion of intracellular GSH, induction of nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation as well as expression of P450 2E1. After APAP injection, the numbers of Kupffer cells, natural killer cells, and cytotoxic T cells were elevated, but the elevated cell numbers in the liver were reduced in thiacremonone pretreated mice. The expression levels of I-309, M-CSF, MIG, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IL-7, and IL-17 were increased by APAP treatment, which were inhibited in thiacremonone pretreated mice. These data indicate that thiacremonone could be a useful agent for the treatment of drug-induced hepatic failure and that the reduction of cytotoxic immune cells as well as proinflammatory cytokine production may be critical for the prevention of APAP-induced acute liver toxicity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Han D, Dara L, Win S, Than TA, Yuan L, Abbasi SQ, Liu ZX, Kaplowitz N. Regulation of drug-induced liver injury by signal transduction pathways: critical role of mitochondria. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:243-53. [PMID: 23453390 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drugs that cause liver injury often 'stress' mitochondria and activate signal transduction pathways important in determining cell survival or death. In most cases, hepatocytes adapt to the drug-induced stress by activating adaptive signaling pathways, such as mitochondrial adaptive responses and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), a transcription factor that upregulates antioxidant defenses. Owing to adaptation, drugs alone rarely cause liver injury, with acetaminophen (APAP) being the notable exception. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) usually involves other extrinsic factors, such as the adaptive immune system, that cause 'stressed' hepatocytes to become injured, leading to idiosyncratic DILI, the rare and unpredictable adverse drug reaction in the liver. Hepatocyte injury, due to drug and extrinsic insult, causes a second wave of signaling changes associated with adaptation, cell death, and repair. If the stress and injury reach a critical threshold, then death signaling pathways such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) become dominant and hepatocytes enter a failsafe mode to undergo self-destruction. DILI can be seen as an active process involving recruitment of death signaling pathways that mediate cell death rather than a passive process due to overwhelming biochemical injury. In this review, we highlight the role of signal transduction pathways, which frequently involve mitochondria, in the development of DILI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derick Han
- University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases and Southern California Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gandhi A, Guo T, Shah P, Moorthy B, Ghose R. Chlorpromazine-induced hepatotoxicity during inflammation is mediated by TIRAP-dependent signaling pathway in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 266:430-8. [PMID: 23238562 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major component of idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs). To understand the molecular mechanism of inflammation-mediated IADRs, we determined the role of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway in idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of the anti-psychotic drug, chlorpromazine (CPZ). Activation of TLRs recruits the first adaptor protein, Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) to the TIR domain of TLRs leading to the activation of the downstream kinase, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). Prolonged activation of JNK leads to cell-death. We hypothesized that activation of TLR2 by lipoteichoic acid (LTA) or TLR4 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) will augment the hepatotoxicity of CPZ by TIRAP-dependent mechanism involving prolonged activation of JNK. Adult male C57BL/6, TIRAP(+/+) and TIRAP(-/-) mice were pretreated with saline, LPS (2 mg/kg) or LTA (6 mg/kg) for 30 min or 16 h followed by CPZ (5 mg/kg) or saline (vehicle) up to 24h. We found that treatment of mice with CPZ in presence of LPS or LTA leads to ~3-4 fold increase in serum ALT levels, a marked reduction in hepatic glycogen content, significant induction of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and prolonged JNK activation, compared to LPS or LTA alone. Similar results were observed in TIRAP(+/+) mice, whereas the effects of LPS or LTA on CPZ-induced hepatotoxicity were attenuated in TIRAP(-/-) mice. For the first time, we show that inflammation-mediated hepatotoxicity of CPZ is dependent on TIRAP, and involves prolonged JNK activation in vivo. Thus, TIRAP-dependent pathways may be targeted to predict and prevent inflammation-mediated IADRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Gandhi
- University of Houston, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 1441 Moursund Street, Room 517, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gandhi AS, Guo T, Shah P, Moorthy B, Chow DSL, Hu M, Ghose R. CYP3A-dependent drug metabolism is reduced in bacterial inflammation in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:2176-87. [PMID: 22394353 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gene expression of Cyp3a11 is reduced by activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacterial components, LPS or lipoteichoic acid (LTA) respectively. The primary adaptor protein in the TLR signalling pathway, TIRAP, plays differential roles in LPS- and LTA-mediated down-regulations of Cyp3a11 mRNA. Here, we have determined the functional relevance of these findings by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis of the Cyp3a substrate midazolam in mice. Midazolam is also metabolized by Cyp2c in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Adult male C57BL/6, TIRAP+/+ and TIRAP-/- mice were pretreated with saline, LPS (2 mg·kg⁻¹) or LTA (6 mg·kg⁻¹). Cyp3a11 protein expression, activity and PK/PD studies using midazolam were performed. KEY RESULTS Cyp3a11 protein expression in LPS- or LTA-treated mice was reduced by 95% and 60% compared with saline-treated mice. Cyp3a11 activity was reduced by 70% in LPS- or LTA-treated mice. Plasma AUC of midazolam was increased two- to threefold in LPS- and LTA-treated mice. Plasma levels of 1'-OHMDZ decreased significantly only in LTA-treated mice. Both LPS and LTA decreased AUC of 1'-OHMDZ-glucuronide. In the PD study, sleep time was increased by ∼2-fold in LPS- and LTA-treated mice. LTA-mediated decrease in Cyp3a11 protein expression and activity was dependent on TIRAP. In PK/PD correlation, AUC of midazolam was increased only in LPS-treated mice compared with saline-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS LPS or LTA altered PK/PD of midazolam. This is the first study to demonstrate mechanistic differences in regulation of metabolite formation of a clinically relevant drug by Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacterial endotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Gandhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pessayre D, Fromenty B, Berson A, Robin MA, Lettéron P, Moreau R, Mansouri A. Central role of mitochondria in drug-induced liver injury. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 44:34-87. [PMID: 21892896 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2011.604086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A frequent mechanism for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the formation of reactive metabolites that trigger hepatitis through direct toxicity or immune reactions. Both events cause mitochondrial membrane disruption. Genetic or acquired factors predispose to metabolite-mediated hepatitis by increasing the formation of the reactive metabolite, decreasing its detoxification, or by the presence of critical human leukocyte antigen molecule(s). In other instances, the parent drug itself triggers mitochondrial membrane disruption or inhibits mitochondrial function through different mechanisms. Drugs can sequester coenzyme A or can inhibit mitochondrial β-oxidation enzymes, the transfer of electrons along the respiratory chain, or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. Drugs can also destroy mitochondrial DNA, inhibit its replication, decrease mitochondrial transcripts, or hamper mitochondrial protein synthesis. Quite often, a single drug has many different effects on mitochondrial function. A severe impairment of oxidative phosphorylation decreases hepatic ATP, leading to cell dysfunction or necrosis; it can also secondarily inhibit ß-oxidation, thus causing steatosis, and can also inhibit pyruvate catabolism, leading to lactic acidosis. A severe impairment of β-oxidation can cause a fatty liver; further, decreased gluconeogenesis and increased utilization of glucose to compensate for the inability to oxidize fatty acids, together with the mitochondrial toxicity of accumulated free fatty acids and lipid peroxidation products, may impair energy production, possibly leading to coma and death. Susceptibility to parent drug-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction can be increased by factors impairing the removal of the toxic parent compound or by the presence of other medical condition(s) impairing mitochondrial function. New drug molecules should be screened for possible mitochondrial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Pessayre
- INSERM, U, Centre de Recherche Bichat Beaujon CRB, Faculté de Médecine Xavier-Bichat, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liss G, Rattan S, Lewis JH. Predicting and preventing acute drug-induced liver injury: what's new in 2010? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 6:1047-61. [PMID: 20615079 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2010.503706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The field of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) continues to expand in terms of global registries and with new agents added every year. Given the need to improve on our current methods of preclinical testing and monitoring for DILI during both clinical trials and in the post-approval setting, there is increasing research aimed at better understanding why injury occurs and who is most susceptible. To this end, the active pursuit of biomarkers that will predict injury prior to its occurrence and genetic testing that can identify individuals at risk of DILI continue to be at the forefront. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW While alanine aminotransferase (ALT) testing remains the workhorse of biochemical monitoring, it only detects hepatic injury after it has occurred and, therefore, is not a true predictor. The utility and shortcomings of ALT and other liver tests are reviewed along with a synopsis of several other candidate biomarkers that are being studied. In addition, we review the recent data supporting testing for genetic predisposition to DILI and how identifying clinical risk factors may translate into better means for preventing DILI. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN We update the basis on which age and gender are considered risk factors for DILI, and review the latest reports detailing the association of several candidate genes and the development of DILI in a susceptible patient. Human leukocyte antigen-B*5701 is closely linked to the hypersensitivity reaction seen with abacavir, and such screening has been successfully incorporated into HIV treatment around the globe and offers the promise that testing for other genetic markers will soon become a routine part of clinical practice. At present, candidate genes conferring specific susceptibility to DILI have been identified for a relatively few agents (e.g., flucloxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ximelagatran and isoniazid), but many more are under study. Preventing DILI often comes down to avoiding the use of potentially hepatotoxic drugs in certain situations, and we review the clinical scenarios in which this is most relevant. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Given the number and range of studies aimed at identifying predictors of DILI, the focus of this review is to summarize what we consider to be the most relevant new information published on the topics of clinical and genetic factors that predispose to DILI, the use of biomarkers as predictors of acute DILI, along with advances in prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Liss
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|