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Sanjaya A, Ishida A, Li X, Kim Y, Yamada H, Kometani T, Yamashita Y, Kim YI. Efficacy and Safety of Oral Administration of Wine Lees Extract (WLE)-Derived Ceramides and Glucosylceramides in Enhancing Skin Barrier Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2100. [PMID: 38999848 PMCID: PMC11243426 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our search for plant-derived ceramides from sustainable sources led to the discovery of ceramides and glucosylceramides in wine lees. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of wine lees extract (WLE)-derived ceramides and glucosylceramides in enhancing skin barrier function. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted with 30 healthy Japanese subjects aged 20-64. Subjects were allocated to receive either the WLE-derived ceramides and glucosylceramides (test group) or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and secondary outcomes included skin hydration, visual analog scale (VAS) of itching sensation, and the Japanese Skindex-29. RESULTS One participant withdrew for personal reasons, resulting in 29 subjects for data analysis (placebo n = 15; test n = 14). The test group showed a tendency of lower TEWL compared to the placebo after 8 weeks (p = 0.07). Furthermore, after 12 weeks of administration, the test group had significantly lower TEWL than the placebo (p = 0.04). On the other hand, no significant differences were observed in the secondary outcome parameters. No adverse events related to the supplements were reported. CONCLUSIONS Oral supplementation of WLE-derived ceramides and glucosylceramides is a prominent and safe approach to enhancing skin barrier function and health. TRIAL REGISTRATION (UMIN000050422).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angga Sanjaya
- Pharma Foods International Co., Ltd., Kyoto 615-8245, Japan; (A.I.); (X.L.); (Y.K.); (H.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.Y.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Young-il Kim
- Pharma Foods International Co., Ltd., Kyoto 615-8245, Japan; (A.I.); (X.L.); (Y.K.); (H.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.Y.)
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Dai H, Hariwitonang J, Fujiyama N, Moriguchi C, Hirano Y, Ebara F, Inaba S, Kondo F, Kitagaki H. A Decrease in the Hardness of Feces with Added Glucosylceramide Extracted from Koji In Vitro-A Working Hypothesis of Health Benefits of Dietary Glucosylceramide. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:739. [PMID: 38929722 PMCID: PMC11204706 DOI: 10.3390/life14060739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin barrier function, prevent colon cancer, head and neck cancer, and decrease liver cholesterol. However, the mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we propose a new working hypothesis regarding the health benefits and functions of glucosylceramide: decreased fecal hardness. This hypothesis was verified using an in vitro hardness test. The hardness of feces supplemented with glucosylceramide was significantly lower than that of the control. Based on these results, a new working hypothesis of dietary glucosylceramide was conceived: glucosylceramide passes through the small intestine, interacts with intestinal bacteria, increases the tolerance of these bacteria toward secondary bile acids, and decreases the hardness of feces, and these factors synergistically result in in vivo effects. This hypothesis forms the basis for further studies on the health benefits and functions of dietary glucosylceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanghuang Dai
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan; (H.D.); (F.E.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
| | - Johan Hariwitonang
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences, Saga University, 1, Honjo-cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan; (J.H.); (C.M.)
| | - Nao Fujiyama
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences, Saga University, 1, Honjo-cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan; (J.H.); (C.M.)
| | - Chihiro Moriguchi
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences, Saga University, 1, Honjo-cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan; (J.H.); (C.M.)
| | - Yuto Hirano
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences, Saga University, 1, Honjo-cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan; (J.H.); (C.M.)
| | - Fumio Ebara
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan; (H.D.); (F.E.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1, Honjo-Cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan
| | - Shigeki Inaba
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan; (H.D.); (F.E.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1, Honjo-Cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Kondo
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan; (H.D.); (F.E.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1, Honjo-Cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan; (H.D.); (F.E.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1, Honjo-Cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan
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Kern C, Dudonné S, Garcia C. Dietary supplementation with a wheat polar lipid complex improves skin conditions in women with dry skin and mild-to-moderate skin aging. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 38100124 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging, menopause, and seasonal changes alter the lipid composition of the outermost skin layer, the stratum corneum, resulting in dry and itchy skin. AIMS This clinical trial aimed at evaluating the effects of a wheat polar lipid complex (WPLC) on skin characteristics in women showing dry and wrinkled skin, investigating its effects in a subgroup of postmenopausal women, and assessing if benefits were maintained after supplementation. METHODS Seventy-two women with dry and wrinkled skin were recruited in this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study, and allocated to three groups of 24 subjects, each including at least 10 postmenopausal women. For 56 days, subjects consumed the WPLC supplement (oil or powder), or the placebo. Skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), elasticity, and profilometry were evaluated at baseline, after 14, 28, and 56 days of supplementation, and 56 days after the end of supplementation. Additionally, a lipidomic analysis was performed to examine changes in superficial skin layers over 56 days. RESULTS Dietary supplementation with WPLC rapidly improved all parameters. It increased skin hydration, smoothness, and elasticity while decreasing TEWL, roughness, and wrinkle depth after only 14 days of supplementation. These effects were also observed in the subpopulation of postmenopausal women and led to an improved self-perception of skin. For all the parameters, outcomes were not maintained after the supplementation was stopped. The lipidomic analysis revealed 10 compounds evolving over the 56 days of WPLC supplementation. CONCLUSION WPLC supplementation improved skin hydration, smoothness, elasticity, and wrinkledness within 14 days and, as expected, did not last after supplementation was stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kern
- Seppic Research and Innovation, La Garenne Colombes, France
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Sugawara T. Sphingolipids as Functional Food Components: Benefits in Skin Improvement and Disease Prevention. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9597-9609. [PMID: 35905137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are ubiquitous components in eukaryotic organisms and have attracted attention as physiologically functional lipids. Sphingolipids with diverse structures are present in foodstuffs as these structures depend on the biological species they are derived from, such as mammals, plants, and fungi. The physiological functions of dietary sphingolipids, especially those that improve skin barrier function, have recently been noted. In addition, the roles of dietary sphingolipids in the prevention of diseases, including cancer and metabolic syndrome, have been studied. However, the mechanisms underlying the health-improving effects of dietary sphingolipids, especially their metabolic fates, have not been elucidated. Here, we review dietary sphingolipids, including their chemical structures and contents in foodstuff; digestion, intestinal absorption, and metabolism; and nutraceutical functions, based on the available evidence and hypotheses. Further research is warranted to clearly define how dietary sphingolipids can influence human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Zelnik ID, Kim JL, Futerman AH. The Complex Tail of Circulating Sphingolipids in Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10:268-281. [PMID: 34621698 PMCID: PMC8473959 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are critical players in a number of cellular processes and have recently been implicated in a large number of human diseases, including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). SLs are generated intracellularly in a stepwise manner, starting with the generation of the sphingoid long chain base (LCB), followed by N-acylation of the LCB to form ceramide, which can be subsequently metabolized to sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids. Fatty acids, which are taken up by cells prior to their activation to fatty acyl-CoAs, are used in 2 of these enzymatic steps, including by ceramide synthases, which use fatty acyl-CoAs of different chain lengths to generate ceramides with different N-acyl chain lengths. Recently, alterations in plasma ceramides with specific N-acyl chain lengths and degrees of saturation have emerged as novel biomarkers for the prediction of atherosclerosis and overall cardiovascular risk in the general population. We briefly review the sources of plasma SLs in atherosclerosis, the roles of SLs in CVD, and the possible use of the "ceramide score" as a prognostic marker for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris D Zelnik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jiyoon L Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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DESI-MS imaging to visualize spatial distribution of xenobiotics and endogenous lipids in the skin. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120967. [PMID: 34352336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cutaneous biodistribution method (CBM) yields a high-resolution quantitative profile of drug deposition as a function of skin depth. However, it provides limited details about drug spatial distribution or penetration pathways. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can complement the detailed quantitative data generated by CBM studies. The objectives of this work were to use desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-MSI to (i) investigate the spatial cutaneous distributions of a topically applied drug and excipient and relate them to skin structures and (ii) image endogenous skin components and combine these results to gain insight into drug penetration routes. Porcine skin was used to compare two bioequivalent creams of econazole nitrate (ECZ) and a micelle formulation based on D-α-tocopheryl succinate polyethylene glycol 1000 (TPGS). DESI-MSI successfully imaged the cutaneous spatial distribution of ECZ and TPGS in 40 µm-thick horizontal sections and vertical cross-sections of the skin. Interestingly, clinically bioequivalent formulations did not appear to exhibit the same molecular distribution of ECZ in XY-horizontal sections. DESI-MSI also enabled visualization of TPGS (m/z 772.4706), mainly in the upper epidermis (≤80 µm). In conclusion, through co-localization of drugs and excipients with endogenous elements of the skin, DESI-MSI could further our understanding of the cutaneous penetration pathways of xenobiotics.
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Yamashita S, Kinoshita M, Miyazawa T. Dietary Sphingolipids Contribute to Health via Intestinal Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7052. [PMID: 34208952 PMCID: PMC8268314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As sphingolipids are constituents of the cell and vacuole membranes of eukaryotic cells, they are a critical component acquired from our daily diets. In the present review, we highlight the knowledge regarding how dietary sphingolipids affect our health, particularly our intestinal health. Animal- and plant-derived foods contain, respectively, sphingomyelin (SM) and glucosylceramide (GlcCer) as their representative sphingolipids, and the sphingoid base as a specific structure of sphingolipids also differs depending upon the source and class. For example, sphingosine is predominant among animal sphingolipids, and tri-hydroxy bases are present in free ceramide (Cer) from plants and fungi. Dietary sphingolipids exhibit low absorption ratios; however, they possess various functions. GlcCer facilitates improvements in intestinal impairments, lipid metabolisms, and skin disorders, and SM can exert both similar and different effects compared to those elicited by GlcCer. We discuss the digestion, absorption, metabolism, and function of sphingolipids while focused on the structure. Additionally, we also review old and new classes in the context of current advancements in analytical instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamashita
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan;
| | - Mikio Kinoshita
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan;
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biotechnology Platform Promoting Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan;
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Wang X, Wang Y, Xu J, Xue C. Sphingolipids in food and their critical roles in human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:462-491. [PMID: 32208869 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1736510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are ubiquitous structural components of cell membranes and are essential for cell functions under physiological conditions or during disease progression. Abundant evidence supports that SLs and their metabolites, including ceramide (Cer), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), sphingosine (So), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), are signaling molecules that regulate a diverse range of cellular processes and human health. However, there are limited reviews on the emerging roles of exogenous dietary SLs in human health. In this review, we discuss the ubiquitous presence of dietary SLs, highlighting their structures and contents in foodstuffs, particularly in sea foods. The digestion and metabolism of dietary SLs is also discussed. Focus is given to the roles of SLs in both the etiology and prevention of diseases, including bacterial infection, cancers, neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases, skin integrity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We propose that dietary SLs represent a "functional" constituent as emerging strategies for improving human health. Gaps in research that could be of future interest are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Heggar Venkataramana S, Puttaswamy N, Kodimule S. Potential benefits of oral administration of AMORPHOPHALLUS KONJAC glycosylceramides on skin health - a randomized clinical study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:26. [PMID: 32020853 PMCID: PMC7076855 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ceramides play a fundamental role in maintaining the skin health as a function of improved barrier permeability. Reduced ceramide content results in skin dryness and wrinkledness. Intake of dietary ceramides potentially compensates the skin ceramide content. In the present study we have assessed the skin health benefits of oral supplementation of a hydroalcoholic extract from Amorphophallus konjac tubers standardized to 5% glycosylceramides, in a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Methods Fifty-one healthy human volunteers (aged 18–60 years) were supplemented with 100 mg/day of either a placebo or A. konjac extract capsules (5 mg glycosylceramides) for 6-weeks. The skin parameters were evaluated through dermatological diagnosis. Subject perceived efficacy of the product was further evaluated by a self-assessment questionnaire. Results Oral intake of A. konjac extract significantly decreased the skin dryness, hyperpigmentation, redness, itching and oilyness (p < 0.05). The improvement in skin health following intake of A. konjac extract was observed to be time-dependent from the start. Further, A. konjac extract was well-tolerated throughout the study, as no adverse events or toxic changes were recorded. Conclusion The study demonstrates the skincare properties of orally ingested glycosyl ceramides from konjac tubers. Trial registration CTRI/2018/12/016661 dated 13/12/2018 retrospectively registered, http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=19851&EncHid=&userName=SkinCera
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Heggar Venkataramana
- Research Scientist, No. 14A, KIADB, R & D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs (P) Ltd., Jigani Industrial Area, Bangalore, Anekal Taluk, 560 105, India.
| | - Naveen Puttaswamy
- Research Scientist, No. 14A, KIADB, R & D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs (P) Ltd., Jigani Industrial Area, Bangalore, Anekal Taluk, 560 105, India
| | - Shyamprasad Kodimule
- Research Scientist, No. 14A, KIADB, R & D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs (P) Ltd., Jigani Industrial Area, Bangalore, Anekal Taluk, 560 105, India
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Alrbyawi H, Poudel I, Dash RP, Srinivas NR, Tiwari AK, Arnold RD, Babu RJ. Role of Ceramides in Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:287. [PMID: 31410612 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides belong to the sphingolipid group of lipids, which serve as both intracellular and intercellular messengers and as regulatory molecules that play essential roles in signal transduction, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer cell degeneration. Ceramides also play an important structural role in cell membranes by increasing their rigidity, creating micro-domains (rafts and caveolae), and altering membrane permeability; all these events are involved in the cell signaling. Ceramides constitute approximately half of the lipid composition in the human skin contributing to barrier function as well as epidermal signaling as they affect both proliferation and apoptosis of keratinocytes. Incorporation of ceramides in topical preparations as functional lipids appears to alter skin barrier functions. Ceramides also appear to enhance the bioavailability of drugs by acting as lipid delivery systems. They appear to regulate the ocular inflammation signaling, and external ceramides have shown relief in the anterior and posterior eye disorders. Ceramides play a structural role in liposome formulations and enhance the cellular uptake of amphiphilic drugs, such as chemotherapies. This review presents an overview of the various biological functions of ceramides, and their utility in topical, oral, ocular, and chemotherapeutic drug delivery.
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Vollmer DL, West VA, Lephart ED. Enhancing Skin Health: By Oral Administration of Natural Compounds and Minerals with Implications to the Dermal Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3059. [PMID: 30301271 PMCID: PMC6213755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of cosmetics goes back to early Egyptian times for hygiene and health benefits while the history of topical applications that provide a medicinal treatment to combat dermal aging is relatively new. For example, the term cosmeceutical was first coined by Albert Kligman in 1984 to describe topical products that afford both cosmetic and therapeutic benefits. However, beauty comes from the inside. Therefore, for some time scientists have considered how nutrition reflects healthy skin and the aging process. The more recent link between nutrition and skin aging began in earnest around the year 2000 with the demonstrated increase in peer-reviewed scientific journal reports on this topic that included biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action. Thus, the application of: (a) topical administration from outside into the skin and (b) inside by oral consumption of nutritionals to the outer skin layers is now common place and many journal reports exhibit significant improvement for both on a variety of dermal parameters. Therefore, this review covers, where applicable, the history, chemical structure, and sources such as biological and biomedical properties in the skin along with animal and clinical data on the oral applications of: (a) collagen, (b) ceramide, (c) β-carotene, (d) astaxanthin, (e) coenzyme Q10, (f) colostrum, (g) zinc, and (h) selenium in their mode of action or function in improving dermal health by various quantified endpoints. Lastly, the importance of the human skin microbiome is briefly discussed in reference to the genomics, measurement, and factors influencing its expression and how it may alter the immune system, various dermal disorders, and potentially be involved in chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Vollmer
- 4Life Research, Scientific Research Division, Sandy, UT 84070, USA.
| | - Virginia A West
- 4Life Research, Scientific Research Division, Sandy, UT 84070, USA.
| | - Edwin D Lephart
- Department of Physiology, Developmental Biology and The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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Zhou P, Zhou N, Shao L, Li J, Liu S, Meng X, Duan J, Xiong X, Huang X, Chen Y, Fan X, Zheng Y, Ma S, Li C, Wu A. Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection using an UPLC-MS based metabolomics method. Metabolomics 2018; 14:102. [PMID: 30830376 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The fecal metabolome of Clostridium difficile (CD) infection is far from being understood, particularly its non-volatile organic compounds. The drawbacks of current tests used to diagnose CD infection hinder their application. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to find new characteristic fecal metabolites of CD infection and develop a metabolomics model for the diagnosis of CD infection. METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to characterize the fecal metabolome of CD positive and negative diarrhea and healthy control stool samples. RESULTS Diarrhea and healthy control samples showed distinct clusters in the principal components analysis score plot, and CD positive group and CD negative group demonstrated clearer separation in a partial least squares discriminate analysis model. The relative abundance of sphingosine, chenodeoxycholic acid, phenylalanine, lysophosphatidylcholine (C16:0), and propylene glycol stearate was higher, and the relative abundance of fatty amide, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, tyrosine, linoleyl carnitine, and sphingomyelin was lower in CD positive diarrhea groups, than in the CD negative group. A linear discriminant analysis model based on capsiamide, dihydrosphingosine, and glycochenodeoxycholic acid was further constructed to identify CD infection in diarrhea. The leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy and area under receiver operating characteristic curve for the training set/external validation set were 90.00/78.57%, and 0.900/0.7917 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Compared with other hospital-onset diarrhea, CD diarrhea has distinct fecal metabolome characteristics. Our UPLC-MS metabolomics model might be useful tool for diagnosing CD diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhou
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhou Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sidi Liu
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Meng
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juping Duan
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Xiong
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Huang
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anhua Wu
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Improving Skin Hydration and Age-related Symptoms by Oral Administration of Wheat Glucosylceramides and Digalactosyl Diglycerides: A Human Clinical Study. COSMETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics4040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Tessema EN, Gebre-Mariam T, Neubert RHH, Wohlrab J. Potential Applications of Phyto-Derived Ceramides in Improving Epidermal Barrier Function. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 30:115-138. [PMID: 28407621 DOI: 10.1159/000464337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The outer most layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, consists of corneocytes which are coated by a cornified envelope and embedded in a lipid matrix of ordered lamellar structure. It is responsible for the skin barrier function. Ceramides (CERs) are the backbone of the intercellular lipid membranes. Skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis and aged skin are characterized by dysfunctional skin barrier and dryness which are associated with reduced levels of CERs. Previously, the effectiveness of supplementation of synthetic and animal-based CERs in replenishing the depleted natural skin CERs and restoring the skin barrier function have been investigated. Recently, however, the barrier function improving effect of plant-derived CERs has attracted much attention. Phyto-derived CERs (phytoCERs) are preferable due to their assumed higher safety as they are mostly isolated from dietary sources. The beneficial effects of phytoCER-based oral dietary supplements for skin hydration and skin barrier reinforcement have been indicated in several studies involving animal models as well as human subjects. Ingestible dietary supplements containing phytoCERs are also widely available on the market. Nonetheless, little effort has been made to investigate the potential cosmetic applications of topically administered phytoCERs. Therefore, summarizing the foregoing investigations and identifying the gap in the scientific data on plant-derived CERs intended for skin-health benefits are of paramount importance. In this review, an attempt is made to synthesize the information available in the literature regarding the effects of phytoCER-based oral dietary supplements on skin hydration and barrier function with the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrem N Tessema
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Haraguchi H, Yamada K, Miyashita R, Aida K, Ohnishi M, Gilbert A, Yoshida N. Determination of carbon isotopic measurement conditions for ceramide in skin using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:1283-91. [PMID: 25391684 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ceramide (Cer) content of skin and glucosylceramide (GlcCer) intake affect skin moisture conditions, but their mutual relation in skin remains unclear. For clarification of that mutual relation, carbon stable isotopes ((12)C and (13)C) are useful as a tracer. However, carbon isotopic measurement has not been applied to the study of clarifying their skin moisturizing effects. Therefore, we used gas chromatography / combustion / isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) to ascertain the appropriate conditions for carbon isotopic measurements using synthesized Cer (SCer) in substitution for very low concentrations of Cer in skin. SCer was derivatized to trimethylsilylated SCer (TMS-SCer) quantitatively using N-trimethylsilylimidazole (TMSI) depending on the amount of SCer. The derivatization rates were 75-85%. Excess TMSI was removed using three cycles of hexane-water distribution. Under these conditions, carbon isotopic measurements of TMS-SCer conducted using GC-C-IRMS showed high repeatability and good inter-day variation (S.D. < 0.3‰). The carbon stable isotope ratio value (δ(13)C) of SCer calculated using a mass balance equation was compared with δ(13)C of underivatized SCer, which was regarded as the actual δ(13)C of SCer obtained using sealed tube combustion method. The difference between the calculated δ(13)C of SCer and δ(13)C of the underivatized SCer depended on the TMSI reagent supplier and on the number of hydroxyl groups to be derivatized in SCer. For accurate δ(13)C of Cer in skin using GC-C-IRMS, the measured δ(13)C of a target TMS-Cer must be calculated using a correction factor representing the difference in δ(13)C of underivatized standard SCer from that of TMS-standard SCer having a structure resembling that of the target Cer in skin. In addition, we show that the same lot of TMSI reagent from a specific supplier must be used throughout the experiments.
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Shimoda H, Terazawa S, Hitoe S, Tanaka J, Nakamura S, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Changes in Ceramides and Glucosylceramides in Mouse Skin and Human Epidermal Equivalents by Rice-Derived Glucosylceramide. J Med Food 2012; 15:1064-72. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shimoda
- Research & Development Division, Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co. Ltd., Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Shuko Terazawa
- Research & Development Division, Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co. Ltd., Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Shoketsu Hitoe
- Research & Development Division, Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co. Ltd., Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Junji Tanaka
- Research & Development Division, Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co. Ltd., Ichinomiya, Japan
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Haruta-Ono Y, Setoguchi S, Ueno HM, Higurashi S, Ueda N, Kato K, Saito T, Matsunaga K, Takata J. Orally administered sphingomyelin in bovine milk is incorporated into skin sphingolipids and is involved in the water-holding capacity of hairless mice. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 68:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Orally administered glucosylceramide improves the skin barrier function by upregulating genes associated with the tight junction and cornified envelope formation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:1516-23. [PMID: 21821935 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dietary glucosylceramide improves the skin barrier function. We used a microarray system to analyze the mRNA expression in SDS-treated dorsal skin of the hairless mouse to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. The transepidermal water loss of mouse skin was increased by the SDS treatment, this increase being significantly reduced by a prior oral administration of glucosylceramides. The microarray-evaluated mRNA expression ratio showed a statistically significant increase in the expression of genes related to the cornified envelope and tight junction formation when compared with all genes in the glucosylceramide-fed/SDS-treated mouse skin. We then examined the contribution of glucosylceramide metabolites to the tight junction formation of cultured keratinocytes. The SDS treatment of cultured keratinocytes significantly decreased the transepidermal electrical resistance, this decrease being significantly ameliorated in the presence of sphingosine or phytosphingosine, the major metabolites of glucosylceramide. These results suggest that an oral administration of glucosylceramide improved the skin barrier function by up-regulating genes associated with both the cornified envelope and tight junction formation.
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