1
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Chen M, Li Y, Lu F, Luterbacher JS, Ralph J. Lignin Hydrogenolysis: Phenolic Monomers from Lignin and Associated Phenolates across Plant Clades. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:10001-10017. [PMID: 37448721 PMCID: PMC10337261 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical complexity of lignin remains a major challenge for lignin valorization into commodity and fine chemicals. A knowledge of the lignin features that favor its valorization and which plants produce such lignins can be used in plant selection or to engineer them to produce lignins that are more ideally suited for conversion. Sixteen biomass samples were compositionally surveyed by NMR and analytical degradative methods, and the yields of phenolic monomers following hydrogenolytic depolymerization were assessed to elucidate the key determinants controlling the depolymerization. Hardwoods, including those incorporating monolignol p-hydroxybenzoates into their syringyl/guaiacyl copolymeric lignins, produced high monomer yields by hydrogenolysis, whereas grasses incorporating monolignol p-coumarates and ferulates gave lower yields, on a lignin basis. Softwoods, with their more condensed guaiacyl lignins, gave the lowest yields. Lignins with a high syringyl unit content released elevated monomer levels, with a high-syringyl polar transgenic being particularly striking. Herein, we distinguish phenolic monomers resulting from the core lignin vs those from pendent phenolate esters associated with the biomass cell wall, acylating either polysaccharides or lignins. The basis for these observations is rationalized as a means to select or engineer biomass for optimal conversion to worthy phenolic monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Chen
- Department
of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Yanding Li
- Department
of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Fachuang Lu
- Department
of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Luterbacher
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - John Ralph
- Department
of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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2
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Xia M, Valverde‐Barrantes OJ, Suseela V, Blackwood CB, Tharayil N. Characterizing natural variability of lignin abundance and composition in fine roots across temperate trees: a comparison of analytical methods. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:2358-2373. [PMID: 36168143 PMCID: PMC9828118 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an important root chemical component that is widely used in biogeochemical models to predict root decomposition. Across ecological studies, lignin abundance has been characterized using both proximate and lignin-specific methods, without much understanding of their comparability. This uncertainty in estimating lignin limits our ability to comprehend the mechanisms regulating root decomposition and to integrate lignin data for large-scale syntheses. We compared five methods of estimating lignin abundance and composition in fine roots across 34 phylogenetically diverse tree species. We also assessed the feasibility of high-throughput techniques for fast-screening of root lignin. Although acid-insoluble fraction (AIF) has been used to infer root lignin and decomposition, AIF-defined lignin content was disconnected from the lignin abundance estimated by techniques that specifically measure lignin-derived monomers. While lignin-specific techniques indicated lignin contents of 2-10% (w/w) in roots, AIF-defined lignin contents were c. 5-10-fold higher, and their interspecific variation was found to be largely unrelated to that determined using lignin-specific techniques. High-throughput pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, when combined with quantitative modeling, accurately predicted lignin abundance and composition, highlighting its feasibility for quicker assessment of lignin in roots. We demonstrate that AIF should be interpreted separately from lignin in fine roots as its abundance is unrelated to that of lignin polymers. This study provides the basis for informed decision-making with respect to lignin methodology in ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xia
- Department of Plant & Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - Oscar J. Valverde‐Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical Biodiversity, Institute of EnvironmentFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL33199USA
| | - Vidya Suseela
- Department of Plant & Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | | | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant & Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
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3
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Hoengenaert L, Wouters M, Kim H, De Meester B, Morreel K, Vandersyppe S, Pollier J, Desmet S, Goeminne G, Ralph J, Boerjan W, Vanholme R. Overexpression of the scopoletin biosynthetic pathway enhances lignocellulosic biomass processing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5738. [PMID: 35857515 PMCID: PMC9278857 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the main factor limiting the enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. To reduce the recalcitrance engendered by the lignin polymer, the coumarin scopoletin was incorporated into the lignin polymer through the simultaneous expression of FERULOYL-CoA 6'-HYDROXYLASE 1 (F6'H1) and COUMARIN SYNTHASE (COSY) in lignifying cells in Arabidopsis. The transgenic lines overproduced scopoletin and incorporated it into the lignin polymer, without adversely affecting plant growth. About 3.3% of the lignin units in the transgenic lines were derived from scopoletin, thereby exceeding the levels of the traditional p-hydroxyphenyl units. Saccharification efficiency of alkali-pretreated scopoletin-overproducing lines was 40% higher than for wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Hoengenaert
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marlies Wouters
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and U.S. Department of Energy’s Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara De Meester
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Morreel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Vandersyppe
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandrien Desmet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and U.S. Department of Energy’s Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Two chemically distinct root lignin barriers control solute and water balance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2320. [PMID: 33875659 PMCID: PMC8055973 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a complex polymer deposited in the cell wall of specialised plant cells, where it provides essential cellular functions. Plants coordinate timing, location, abundance and composition of lignin deposition in response to endogenous and exogenous cues. In roots, a fine band of lignin, the Casparian strip encircles endodermal cells. This forms an extracellular barrier to solutes and water and plays a critical role in maintaining nutrient homeostasis. A signalling pathway senses the integrity of this diffusion barrier and can induce over-lignification to compensate for barrier defects. Here, we report that activation of this endodermal sensing mechanism triggers a transcriptional reprogramming strongly inducing the phenylpropanoid pathway and immune signaling. This leads to deposition of compensatory lignin that is chemically distinct from Casparian strip lignin. We also report that a complete loss of endodermal lignification drastically impacts mineral nutrients homeostasis and plant growth.
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Lancha JP, Colin J, Almeida G, Perré P. In situ measurements of viscoelastic properties of biomass during hydrothermal treatment to assess the kinetics of chemical alterations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123819. [PMID: 32712513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to use continuous measurements of viscoelastic properties to evaluate the effect of hydrothermal treatment on poplar samples. Different conditions (temperature and pre-soaking liquid: acidic, neutral and alkaline) were tested on wood in both tangential and radial directions. Two viscoelastic properties were determined: the modulus of elasticity and the stress relaxation. The applicability of these properties as indicators of the kinetics of biomass deconstruction was also evaluated, thanks to the chemical analyses performed on the treated solid and the recovered liquid phase. The ultimate goal is to build a macroscopic indicator capable of establishing rules to optimize the hydrothermal treatment before the explosion stage. The joint use of the two parameters succeeded in revealing the effects of chemical degradation, including the coexistence of cleavage and re-condensation and the impact of process conditions (temperature, residence time, and pre-soaking liquid). The monotonous behavior of stress relaxation is a major asset as a possible macroscopic indicator of biomass deconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Parlatore Lancha
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 51110 Pomacle, France.
| | - Julien Colin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 51110 Pomacle, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, 8-10 rue Joliot-Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Giana Almeida
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 91300 Massy, France
| | - Patrick Perré
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 51110 Pomacle, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, 8-10 rue Joliot-Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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6
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Gui J, Lam PY, Tobimatsu Y, Sun J, Huang C, Cao S, Zhong Y, Umezawa T, Li L. Fibre-specific regulation of lignin biosynthesis improves biomass quality in Populus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1074-1087. [PMID: 31909485 PMCID: PMC7216960 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a major component of cell wall biomass and decisively affects biomass utilisation. Engineering of lignin biosynthesis is extensively studied, while lignin modification often causes growth defects. We developed a strategy for cell-type-specific modification of lignin to achieve improvements in cell wall property without growth penalty. We targeted a lignin-related transcription factor, LTF1, for modification of lignin biosynthesis. LTF1 can be engineered to a nonphosphorylation form which is introduced into Populus under the control of either a vessel-specific or fibre-specific promoter. The transgenics with lignin suppression in vessels showed severe dwarfism and thin-walled vessels, while the transgenics with lignin suppression in fibres displayed vigorous growth with normal vessels under phytotron, glasshouse and field conditions. In-depth lignin structural analyses revealed that such cell-type-specific downregulation of lignin biosynthesis led to the alteration of overall lignin composition in xylem tissues reflecting the population of distinctive lignin polymers produced in vessel and fibre cells. This study demonstrates that fibre-specific suppression of lignin biosynthesis resulted in the improvement of wood biomass quality and saccharification efficiency and presents an effective strategy to precisely regulate lignin biosynthesis with desired growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Gui
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
| | - Pui Ying Lam
- Research Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
| | - Yuki Tobimatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
| | - Jiayan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
| | - Cheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
| | - Shumin Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yu Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
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7
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Hernández-Carlos B, Francenia Santos-Sánchez N, Salas-Coronado R, Villanueva-Cañongo C, Cecilia Guadarrama-Mendoza P. Antioxidant Compounds from Agro-Industrial Residue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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8
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Transcriptomics and proteomics reveal genetic and biological basis of superior biomass crop Miscanthus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13777. [PMID: 29062090 PMCID: PMC5653860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Miscanthus is a rhizomatous C4 grass which is considered as potential high-yielding energy crop with the low-nutrient requirements, high water-use efficiency, and capability of C mitigation. To better understand the genetic basis, an integrative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome was performed to identify important genes and pathways involved in Miscanthus leaves. At the transcript level, 64,663 transcripts in M. lutarioriparius, 97,043 in M. sacchariflorus, 97,043 in M. sinensis, 67,323 in M. floridulus and 70,021 in M. × giganteus were detected by an RNA sequencing approach. At the protein level, 1964 peptide-represented proteins were identified and 1933 proteins differed by 1.5-fold or more in their relative abundance, as indicated by iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) analysis. Phylogenies were constructed from the nearly taxa of Miscanthus. A large number of genes closely related to biomass production were found. And SSR markers and their corresponding primers were derived from Miscanthus transcripts and 90% of them were successfully detected by PCR amplification among Miacanthus species. These similarities and variations on the transcriptional and proteomic level between Miscanthus species will serve as a resource for research in Miscanthus and other lignocellulose crops.
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9
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Lan W, Rencoret J, Lu F, Karlen SD, Smith BG, Harris PJ, Del Río JC, Ralph J. Tricin-lignins: occurrence and quantitation of tricin in relation to phylogeny. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:1046-1057. [PMID: 27553717 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tricin [5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one], a flavone, was recently established as an authentic monomer in grass lignification that likely functions as a nucleation site. It is linked onto lignin as an aryl alkyl ether by radical coupling with monolignols or their acylated analogs. However, the level of tricin that incorporates into lignin remains unclear. Herein, three lignin characterization methods: acidolysis; thioacidolysis; and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage; were applied to quantitatively assess the amount of lignin-integrated tricin. Their efficiencies at cleaving the tricin-(4'-O-β)-ether bonds and the degradation of tricin under the corresponding reaction conditions were evaluated. A hexadeuterated tricin analog was synthesized as an internal standard for accurate quantitation purposes. Thioacidolysis proved to be the most efficient method, liberating more than 91% of the tricin with little degradation. A survey of different seed-plant species for the occurrence and content of tricin showed that it is widely distributed in the lignin from species in the family Poaceae (order Poales). Tricin occurs at low levels in some commelinid monocotyledon families outside the Poaceae, such as the Arecaceae (the palms, order Arecales) and Bromeliaceae (Poales), and the non-commelinid monocotyledon family Orchidaceae (Orchidales). One eudicotyledon was found to have tricin (Medicago sativa, Fabaceae). The content of lignin-integrated tricin is much higher than the extractable tricin level in all cases. Lignins, including waste lignin streams from biomass processing, could therefore provide a large and alternative source of this valuable flavone, reducing the costs, and encouraging studies into its application beyond its current roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Lan
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biological System Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jorge Rencoret
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avenida de la Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Fachuang Lu
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Steven D Karlen
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bronwen G Smith
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philip J Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - José Carlos Del Río
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avenida de la Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - John Ralph
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biological System Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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10
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Wang C, Xiong Y, Fan B, Yao Q, Wang H, Jin C, Sun Q. Cellulose as an adhesion agent for the synthesis of lignin aerogel with strong mechanical performance, Sound-absorption and thermal Insulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32383. [PMID: 27562532 PMCID: PMC5387396 DOI: 10.1038/srep32383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lignin aerogels that are both high porosity and compressibility would have promising implications for bioengineering field to sound-adsorption and damping materials; however, creating this aerogel had a challenge to adhesive lignin. Here we reported cellulose as green adhesion agent to synthesize the aerogels with strong mechanical performance. Our approach-straightforwardly dissolved in ionic liquids and simply regenerated in the deionized water-causes assembly of micro-and nanoscale and even molecule level of cellulose and lignin. The resulting lignin aerogels exhibit Young's modulus up to 25.1 MPa, high-efficiency sound-adsorption and excellent thermal insulativity. The successful synthesis of this aerogels developed a path for lignin to an advanced utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, PR China
| | - Ye Xiong
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, PR China
| | - Bitao Fan
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, PR China
| | - Qiufang Yao
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, PR China
| | - Hanwei Wang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, PR China
| | - Chunde Jin
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Sun
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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11
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Dalmais M, Antelme S, Ho-Yue-Kuang S, Wang Y, Darracq O, d’Yvoire MB, Cézard L, Légée F, Blondet E, Oria N, Troadec C, Brunaud V, Jouanin L, Höfte H, Bendahmane A, Lapierre C, Sibout R. A TILLING Platform for Functional Genomics in Brachypodium distachyon. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65503. [PMID: 23840336 PMCID: PMC3686759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The new model plant for temperate grasses, Brachypodium distachyon offers great potential as a tool for functional genomics. We have established a sodium azide-induced mutant collection and a TILLING platform, called "BRACHYTIL", for the inbred line Bd21-3. The TILLING collection consists of DNA isolated from 5530 different families. Phenotypes were reported and organized in a phenotypic tree that is freely available online. The tilling platform was validated by the isolation of mutants for seven genes belonging to multigene families of the lignin biosynthesis pathway. In particular, a large allelic series for BdCOMT6, a caffeic acid O-methyl transferase was identified. Some mutants show lower lignin content when compared to wild-type plants as well as a typical decrease of syringyl units, a hallmark of COMT-deficient plants. The mutation rate was estimated at one mutation per 396 kb, or an average of 680 mutations per line. The collection was also used to assess the Genetically Effective Cell Number that was shown to be at least equal to 4 cells in Brachypodium distachyon. The mutant population and the TILLING platform should greatly facilitate functional genomics approaches in this model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Dalmais
- URGV, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, INRA, Evry, France
| | - Sébastien Antelme
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Séverine Ho-Yue-Kuang
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Yin Wang
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Olivier Darracq
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Madeleine Bouvier d’Yvoire
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Laurent Cézard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Frédéric Légée
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Eddy Blondet
- URGV, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, INRA, Evry, France
| | - Nicolas Oria
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Christelle Troadec
- URGV, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, INRA, Evry, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- URGV, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, INRA, Evry, France
| | - Lise Jouanin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Herman Höfte
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Abdelafid Bendahmane
- URGV, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, INRA, Evry, France
| | - Catherine Lapierre
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
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12
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Mansfield SD, Kim H, Lu F, Ralph J. Whole plant cell wall characterization using solution-state 2D NMR. Nat Protoc 2012; 7:1579-89. [PMID: 22864199 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2012.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology have made it possible to rapidly screen plant material and discern whole cell wall information without the need to deconstruct and fractionate the plant cell wall. This approach can be used to improve our understanding of the biology of cell wall structure and biosynthesis, and as a tool to select plant material for the most appropriate industrial applications. This is particularly true in an era when renewable materials are vital to the emerging bio-based economies. This protocol describes procedures for (i) the preparation and extraction of a biological plant tissue, (ii) solubilization strategies for plant material of varying composition and (iii) 2D NMR acquisition (for typically 15 min-5 h) and integration methods used to elucidate lignin subunit composition and lignin interunit linkage distribution, as well as cell wall polysaccharide profiling. Furthermore, we present data that demonstrate the utility of this new NMR whole cell wall characterization procedure with a variety of degradative methods traditionally used for cell wall compositional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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13
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Chen Q, Marshall MN, Geib SM, Tien M, Richard TL. Effects of laccase on lignin depolymerization and enzymatic hydrolysis of ensiled corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 117:186-192. [PMID: 22613895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the synergies of laccase, a ligninolytic enzyme, with cellulose and hemicellulase amendments on ensiled corn stover. Molecular signals of lignin decomposition were observed by tetramethylammonium hydroxide thermochemolysis and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (TMAH-GC-MS) analysis. The significant findings suggest that ensilage might provide a platform for biological pretreatment. By partially hydrolyzing cellulose and hemicellulose into soluble sugars, ensilage facilitates laccase penetration into the lignocellulose complex to enhance lignin degradation. Downstream cellulose hydrolysis was improved 7% with increasing laccase loading rate. These results demonstrate the potential of enzymes, either directly amended or expressed by microbes during ensilage, to maximize utilization of corn stover for cellulosic biofuels and other downstream fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chen
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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14
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Vincent D, Lapierre C, Pollet B, Cornic G, Negroni L, Zivy M. Water deficits affect caffeate O-methyltransferase, lignification, and related enzymes in maize leaves. A proteomic investigation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 137:949-60. [PMID: 15728345 PMCID: PMC1065396 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Revised: 12/10/2004] [Accepted: 12/21/2004] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting all levels of plant organization and, in particular, leaf elongation. Several experiments were designed to study the effect of water deficits on maize (Zea mays) leaves at the protein level by taking into account the reduction of leaf elongation. Proteomic analyses of growing maize leaves allowed us to show that two isoforms of caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) accumulated mostly at 10 to 20 cm from the leaf point of insertion and that drought resulted in a shift of this region of maximal accumulation toward basal regions. We showed that this shift was due to the combined effect of reductions in growth and in total amounts of COMT. Several other enzymes involved in lignin and/or flavonoid synthesis (caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and several isoforms of S-adenosyl-l-methionine synthase and methionine synthase) were highly correlated with COMT, reinforcing the hypothesis that the zone of maximal accumulation corresponds to a zone of lignification. According to the accumulation profiles of the enzymes, lignification increases in leaves of control plants when their growth decreases before reaching their final size. Lignin levels analyzed by thioacidolysis confirmed that lignin is synthesized in the region where we observed the maximal accumulation of these enzymes. Consistent with the levels of these enzymes, we found that the lignin level was lower in leaves of plants subjected to water deficit than in those of well-watered plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Vincent
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris XI, Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, la Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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15
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Lapierre C, Pollet B, Ralet MC, Saulnier L. The phenolic fraction of maize bran: evidence for lignin-heteroxylan association. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 57:765-772. [PMID: 11397446 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Maize bran heteroxylan samples were extracted in various conditions of severity. Their ferulate and diferulate content was investigated by GC-MS of methyl ester-TMSi derivatives. When extracted by 0.5 M NaOH in mild conditions, the heteroxylan sample contained a low level of ferulic acid (0.032% by wt.) and the main diferulate surviving alkaline extraction was found to be the 8-8' diferulate. On peroxidase treatment, this sample nevertheless produced a firm and brittle gel without any change in the diferulate profile. Typical lignin structures, mainly comprising syringyl units interconnected through beta-O-4, beta-1 and beta-beta interunit bonds, were evidenced in the maize bran sample. More importantly, these lignin structures were found to be tightly associated with the alkali-extracted heteroxylans. Thioacidolysis revealed the occurrence of 0.1-0.5% (by wt.) lignin structures in heteroxylan fractions extracted in mild or severe conditions, before and after purification of the polysaccharides. The gelling potential of the heteroxylan fractions was not only dependent on their ferulate level, but also influenced by associated lignin structures. These results argue for the occurrence of covalent linkages between heteroxylan chains and lignin structures which could participate in the peroxidase-driven gelation of feruloylated polysaccharides. They demonstrate the role of low lignin levels in the organization of native or reconstructed polysaccharide networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lapierre
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, INRA-INAPG, Institut National Agronomique, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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16
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Changes in thioacidolysis products of lignin in wheat straw as affected by SO2 treatment and passage through the gastro-intestine of sheep. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(99)00043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Whetten RW, MacKay JJ, Sederoff RR. RECENT ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 49:585-609. [PMID: 15012247 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
After a long period of little change, the basic concepts of lignin biosynthesis have been challenged by new results from genetic modification of lignin content and composition. New techniques for making directed genetic changes in plants, as well as improvements in the analytical techniques used to determine lignin content and composition in plant cell walls, have been used in experimental tests of the accepted lignin biosynthetic pathway. The lignins obtained from genetically modified plants have shown unexpected properties, and these findings have extended the known range of variation in lignin content and composition. These results argue that the accepted lignin biosynthetic pathway is either incomplete or incorrect, or both; and also suggest that plants may have a high level of metabolic plasticity in the formation of lignins. If this is so, the properties of novel lignins could be of significant scientific and practical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross W. Whetten
- 1Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8008;, 2Institute of Paper Science and Technology, 500 10th Street N.W., Atlanta, Georgia 30318
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