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Karpisek V, Hasnine MT, Cicek N, Yuan Q. Natural wetlands contribution on phosphorus removal in small northern communities in Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:130-138. [PMID: 34353227 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1965221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on understanding the role of passive wastewater treatment (wastewater lagoon plus wetland) in reducing the phosphorus discharge levels in a northern small community in Manitoba, Canada. The facultative lagoon system of that small community treats domestic wastewater and seasonally discharges effluent into a wetland that connects to Lake Manitoba. This research assesses phosphorus removal efficiency through the natural wetland during the vegetation growing season. The average total phosphorus (TP) concentration reduction for the observed treatment area of 1.3 ha was more than 70%, achieving the desired TP discharge concentration below 1 mg/L. Data analysis showed that the main accumulation of TP occurred at the 21-40 cm soil depth, which indicates the potential of natural wetland treatment applications under cold continental climate conditions as an effluent polishing step to satisfy regulatory requirements for phosphorus reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Karpisek
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Md Tanvir Hasnine
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nazim Cicek
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Qiuyan Yuan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Crist S, Mori J, Smith RL. Flooding on Beef and Swine Farms: A Scoping Review of Effects in the Midwestern United States. Prev Vet Med 2020; 184:105158. [PMID: 33045630 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing uncertainty and variability in weather due to climate change puts enormous stress on the sustainability of agricultural communities in several parts of the continental United States. Rural agriculture-based communities, such as those in North Carolina, Nebraska, and Illinois are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of flooding. These extreme weather events affect many animal facilities, and flooding can cause long-term impacts on animal health and productivity. OBJECTIVES This scoping review investigated the potential short- and long-term ramifications of flooding on beef cattle and swine farms with theoretical locations in the Midwestern U.S. The goal of this review is to create a concept map to identify research gaps related to efforts to support those animals and peoples ravaged by floods. This was accomplished by performing a scoping review using search terms "beef OR swine AND flood" to assess direct effects and then "beef OR swine AND direct effect" to evaluate secondary and tertiary effects. RESULTS Our findings were based on a total of 89 peer-reviewed publications, with 50 publications relating to beef cattle, 24 relating to swine, and 15 containing information applicable to both. On beef farms, the effects of flooding can be broad and long-lasting. The short-term risks of flooding are reasonably well-understood, including the comingling of unfamiliar cattle, nutritional restriction, and disease transmission. However, long-term impacts, including potential effects on reproduction, nutrition, and carcass quality, have been less studied. In particular, further research is needed on mold species that contaminate hay post-flood, the effect of moldy hay ingestion on cattle, and the effects of heavy metal consumption on cattle and consumers. Little research is available regarding the effects of flooding on swine farms, likely due to the highly intensive nature of swine operations. In general, swine farms suffer from acute infectious diseases and biosecurity risks after flooding events. CONCLUSIONS The potential ramifications of flooding on livestock farms differ among farm operations. Beef farms should prepare for long-term impacts on nutrition and reproduction, while swine farms should prepare for short-term impacts on biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Crist
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States.
| | - Jameson Mori
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States.
| | - Rebecca Lee Smith
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States.
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Zak D, Kronvang B, Carstensen MV, Hoffmann CC, Kjeldgaard A, Larsen SE, Audet J, Egemose S, Jorgensen CA, Feuerbach P, Gertz F, Jensen HS. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal from Agricultural Runoff in Integrated Buffer Zones. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6508-6517. [PMID: 29733209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrated buffer zones (IBZs) represent a novel form of edge-of-field technology in Northwest Europe. Contrary to the common riparian buffer strips, IBZs collect tile drainage water from agricultural fields by combining a ditch-like pond (POND), where soil particles can settle, and a flow-through filter bed (FILTERBED) planted with Alnus glutinosa (L.), a European alder (black alder). The first experimental IBZ facility was constructed and thoroughly tested in Denmark for its capability to retain various nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) species within the first three years after construction. We calculated the water and nutrient budget for the total IBZ and for the two compartments, POND and FILTERBED, separately. Furthermore, a tracer experiment using sodium bromide was conducted in order to trace the water flow and estimate the hydraulic residence time in the FILTERBEDs. The monthly average removal efficiency amounted to 10-67% for total N and 31-69% for total P, with performance being highest during the warm season. Accordingly, we suggest that IBZs may be a valuable modification of dry buffer strips in order to mitigate the adverse impacts of high nutrient loading from agricultural fields on the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Zak
- Department of Bioscience , Aarhus University , Vejlsøvej 25 , 8600 Silkeborg , Denmark
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Müggelseedamm 301 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
| | - Brian Kronvang
- Department of Bioscience , Aarhus University , Vejlsøvej 25 , 8600 Silkeborg , Denmark
| | - Mette V Carstensen
- Department of Bioscience , Aarhus University , Vejlsøvej 25 , 8600 Silkeborg , Denmark
| | - Carl C Hoffmann
- Department of Bioscience , Aarhus University , Vejlsøvej 25 , 8600 Silkeborg , Denmark
| | - Ane Kjeldgaard
- Department of Bioscience , Aarhus University , Vejlsøvej 25 , 8600 Silkeborg , Denmark
| | - Søren E Larsen
- Department of Bioscience , Aarhus University , Vejlsøvej 25 , 8600 Silkeborg , Denmark
| | - Joachim Audet
- Department of Bioscience , Aarhus University , Vejlsøvej 25 , 8600 Silkeborg , Denmark
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , P.O. Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Sara Egemose
- Department of Biology , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Charlotte A Jorgensen
- Department of Biology , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Peter Feuerbach
- Department of Wetlands & Biodiversity , Hushållningssällskapet Halland , SE-305 96 Eldsberga , Sweden
| | | | - Henning S Jensen
- Department of Biology , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
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Amarawansha G, Kumaragamage D, Flaten D, Zvomuya F, Tenuta M. Predicting Phosphorus Release from Anaerobic, Alkaline, Flooded Soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:1452-1459. [PMID: 27380097 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.05.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic conditions induced by prolonged flooding often lead to an enhanced release of phosphorus (P) to floodwater; however, this effect is not consistent across soils. This study aimed to develop an index to predict P release potential from alkaline soils under simulated flooded conditions. Twelve unamended or manure-amended surface soils from Manitoba were analyzed for basic soil properties, Olsen P (Ols-P), Mehlich-3 extractable total P (M3P), Mehlich-3 extractable molybdate-reactive P (M3P), water extractable P (WEP), soil P fractions, single-point P sorption capacity (P), and Mehlich-3 extractable Ca (M3Ca), and Mg (M3Mg). Degree of P saturation (DPS) was calculated using Ols-P, M3P or M3P as the intensity factor, and an estimated adsorption maximum based on either P or M3Ca + M3Mg as the capacity factor. To develop the model, we used the previously reported floodwater dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentration changes during 8 wk of flooding for the same unamended and manured soils. Relative changes in floodwater DRP concentration (DRP), calculated as the ratio of maximum to initial DRP concentration, ranged from 2 to 15 across ten of the soils, but were ≤1.5 in the two soils with the greatest clay content. Partial least squares analysis indicated that DPS3 calculated using M3P as the intensity factor and (2 × P) + M3P as the capacity factor with clay percentage can effectively predict DRP ( = 0.74). Results suggest that P release from a soil to floodwater may be predicted using simple and easily measurable soil properties measured before flooding, but validation with more soils is needed.
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Amarawansha EAGS, Kumaragamage D, Flaten D, Zvomuya F, Tenuta M. Phosphorus Mobilization from Manure-Amended and Unamended Alkaline Soils to Overlying Water during Simulated Flooding. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2015; 44:1252-1262. [PMID: 26437107 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2014.10.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic soil conditions resulting from flooding often enhance release of phosphorus (P) to overlying water. Enhanced P release is well documented for flooded acidic soils; however, there is little information for flooded alkaline soils. We examined the effect of flooding and anaerobic conditions on P mobilization using 12 alkaline soils from Manitoba that were either unamended or amended with solid cattle manure. Pore water and floodwater were analyzed over 8 wk of simulated flooding for dissolved reactive P (DRP), Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn. As expected, manured soils had significantly greater pore and floodwater DRP concentrations than unamended. Flooding increased pore water DRP concentrations significantly in all soils and treatments except one manured clay in which concentrations increased initially and then decreased. Floodwater DRP concentrations increased significantly by two- to 15-fold in 10 soils regardless of amendment treatment but remained relatively stable in the two soils with greatest clay content. Phosphorus release at the onset of flooding was associated with the release of Ca, Mg, and Mn, suggesting that P release may be controlled by the dissolution of Mg and Ca phosphates and reductive dissolution of Mn phosphates. Thereafter, P release was associated with release of Fe, suggesting the reductive dissolution of Fe phosphates. Differences in pore water and floodwater DRP concentrations among soils and amendment treatments and the high variability in P mobilization from pore water to floodwater among soils indicate the need to further investigate chemical reactions responsible for P release and mobility under anaerobic conditions.
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Scalenghe R, Edwards AC, Barberis E, Ajmone-Marsan F. Are agricultural soils under a continental temperate climate susceptible to episodic reducing conditions and increased leaching of phosphorus? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 97:141-147. [PMID: 22281947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soil science research has probably underestimated the significance that short-term, episodic cycles of reduction and oxidation has had on phosphorus (P) reactivity. Here, the effects of eleven pulsed reduction-oxidation (including wet-dry) cycles on soil P dynamics are compared for 12 soils having contrasting properties and all overfertilised with respect to P. The laboratory based incubation conditions attempted to simulate transient waterlogging of the soil profile and involved repeated sampling and analysis of both the solution and solid phase P forms. An initial increase in P concentration in solution that occurred up to and including the fourth full cycle was followed by a sharp decline in concentration for all but one soil. Accompanying changes in the main extractable forms of P, which appeared to be cumulative, could be summarised as a general decline in the organic P fraction and an overall increase in amorphous associated inorganic forms of P. The fact that up to 60% of the total soil P was demonstrated to change its sensitivity for a particular extractant suggests that these operationally defined P forms are susceptible to transformation as a consequence of changing environmental conditions. There was also a suggestion that certain of the changes in P forms were irreversible. While the laboratory conditions imposed do represent extreme conditions the soils only experienced cyclic changes in their moisture regime. If timing and frequency of intense precipitation events are likely to increase, as predicted in many climate change scenarios, then these results suggest that the effects of episodic redox pulses may have implications for P cycling in agricultural soils.
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Steinman AD, Ogdahl ME. Does converting agricultural fields to wetlands retain or release P? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1899/10-106.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan D. Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, Michigan 49441 USA
| | - Mary E. Ogdahl
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, Michigan 49441 USA
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Hoffmann CC, Kjaergaard C, Uusi-Kämppä J, Hansen HCB, Kronvang B. Phosphorus retention in riparian buffers: review of their efficiency. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2009; 38:1942-55. [PMID: 19704138 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2008.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ground water and surface water interactions are of fundamental importance for the biogeochemical processes governing phosphorus (P) dynamics in riparian buffers. The four most important conceptual hydrological pathways for P losses from and P retention in riparian buffers are reviewed in this paper: (i) The diffuse flow path with ground water flow through the riparian aquifer, (ii) the overland flow path across the riparian buffer with water coming from adjacent agricultural fields, (iii) irrigation of the riparian buffer with tile drainage water from agricultural fields where disconnected tile drains irrigate the riparian buffer, and (iv) inundation of the riparian buffer (floodplain) with river water during short or longer periods. We have examined how the different flow paths in the riparian buffer influence P retention mechanisms theoretically and from empirical evidence. The different hydrological flow paths determine where and how water-borne P compounds meet and interact with iron and aluminum oxides or other minerals in the geochemical cycling of P in the complex and dynamic environment that constitutes a riparian buffer. The main physical process in the riparian buffer-sedimentation-is active along several flow paths and may account for P retention rates of up to 128 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1), while plant uptake may temporarily immobilize up to 15 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1). Retention of dissolved P in riparian buffers is not as pronounced as retention of particulate P and is often below 0.5 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1). Several studies show significant release of dissolved P (i.e., up to 8 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Christian Hoffmann
- Aarhus Univ., National Environmental Research Institute, Dep. of Freshwater Ecology, Vejlsoevej 25, DK8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
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Pant HK, Reddy KR. Potential internal loading of phosphorus in a wetland constructed in agricultural land. WATER RESEARCH 2003; 37:965-972. [PMID: 12553971 DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wetland construction on agricultural or dairy lands could result in solubilization of phosphorus (P) stored in soils and release to the water column. To study the extent of P flux during the start-up period of a constructed wetland, intact soil-cores from areas used for dairy operations, in Okeechobee, Florida, USA were obtained and flooded with adjacent creek water. In the first 28-day hydraulic-retention period, P concentration in the water column increased several fold due to rapid P flux from impacted soils. A continuous decrease in P flux to the water column until the third hydraulic retention cycle (initial influent P concentration 0.2 mgL(-1)), and constant thereafter suggest that the effect of initial influent P upon long-term P flux from soils could be limited. The initial release maybe due to high concentration of labile P in impacted soils; however, slow dissolution of relatively stable P pools could maintain a steady flux, well above of that observed from non-impacted soils. Water soluble P along with double acid-extractable magnesium explained 76% of the variability in cumulative P flux to the water column. Apparently, co-occurrence of active adsorption-desorption phenomena due to independent maintenance of equilibrium by individual P compounds regulates P dynamics of the water column. The results indicated that equilibrium P concentration of the water column of the wetland would be above 1.3 mgL(-1), which is well above the targeted P level in the water column of the Lake Okeechobee, one of the main water bodies in the area (0.04 mg PL(-1)). This suggests construction of wetlands in agricultural lands could result to substantial internal P loading. However, preventative measures including chemical amendments, establishment of vegetative communities or flushing the initially released P may potentially stabilize the system, and maintain P removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Pant
- Soil and Water Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, 106 Newell Hall, P.O. Box 110510, Gainesville, FL 32611-0510, USA.
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