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Vega C, Chi CJE, Fernández V, Burkhardt J. Nocturnal Transpiration May Be Associated with Foliar Nutrient Uptake. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:531. [PMID: 36771616 PMCID: PMC9919148 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols can contribute to plant nutrition via foliar uptake. The conditions for this are best at night because the humidity is high and hygroscopic, saline deposits can deliquesce as a result. Still, stomata tend to be closed at night to avoid unproductive water loss. However, if needed, nutrients are on the leaf surface, and plants could benefit from nocturnal stomatal opening because it further increases humidity in the leaf boundary layer and allows for stomatal nutrient uptake. We tested this hypothesis on P-deficient soil by comparing the influence of ambient aerosols and additional foliar P application on nocturnal transpiration. We measured various related leaf parameters, such as the foliar water loss, minimum leaf conductance (gmin), turgor loss point, carbon isotope ratio, contact angle, specific leaf area (SLA), tissue element concentration, and stomatal and cuticular characteristics. For untreated leaves grown in filtered, aerosol-free air (FA), nocturnal transpiration consistently decreased overnight, which was not observed for leaves grown in unfiltered ambient air (AA). Foliar application of a soluble P salt increased nocturnal transpiration for AA and FA leaves. Crusts on stomatal rims were shown by scanning electron microscopy, supporting the idea of stomatal uptake of deliquescent salts. Turgor loss point and leaf moisture content indicated a higher accumulation of solutes, due to foliar uptake by AA plants than FA plants. The hypothesis that deliquescent leaf surface salts may play a role in triggering nocturnal transpiration was supported by the results. Still, further experiments are required to characterize this phenomenon better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Vega
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Chia-Ju Ellen Chi
- Plant Nutrition Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Victoria Fernández
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juergen Burkhardt
- Plant Nutrition Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Braga ÍDO, Carvalho da Silva TL, Belo Silva VN, Rodrigues Neto JC, Ribeiro JADA, Abdelnur PV, de Sousa CAF, Souza MT. Deep Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis to Further Characterize the Adaptation Response of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. to Very High Salinity Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869105. [PMID: 35665181 PMCID: PMC9161747 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The multipurpose tree Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. adapts to a very high level of salt stress (≥20 dS m-1) and resumes the production of new leaves around 2 weeks after losing all leaves due to abrupt salinity stress. The integration of metabolome and transcriptome profiles from gliricidia leaves points to a central role of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in the short-term response to salinity stress. In this study, a deeper untargeted metabolomics analysis of the leaves and roots of young gliricidia plants was conducted to characterize the mechanism(s) behind this adaptation response. The polar and lipidic fractions from leaf and root samples were extracted and analyzed on a UHPLC.ESI.Q-TOF.HRMS system. Acquired data were analyzed using the XCMS Online, and MetaboAnalyst platforms, via three distinct and complementary strategies. Together, the results obtained first led us to postulate that these plants are salt-excluding plants, which adapted to high salinity stress via two salt-excluding mechanisms, starting in the canopy-severe defoliation-and concluding in the roots-limited entry of Na. Besides that, it was possible to show that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway plays a role throughout the entire adaptation response, starting in the short term and continuing in the long one. The roots metabolome analysis revealed 11 distinct metabolic pathways affected by salt stress, and the initial analysis of the two most affected ones-steroid biosynthesis and lysine biosynthesis-led us also to postulate that the accumulation of lignin and some phytosterols, as well as lysine biosynthesis-but not degradation, play a role in promoting the adaptation response. However, additional studies are necessary to investigate these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrícia Verardi Abdelnur
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Teixeira Souza
- Graduate Program of Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, Brazil
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Rathore AP, Chaudhary DR, Jha B. Alteration in phenological parameters, above‐ and belowground biomass, nutrient contents, and their pools with phenological stages of
Salicornia brachiata
Roxb. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya P. Rathore
- Division of Plant Omics CSIR‐Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute Bhavnagar India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR Ghaziabad India
| | - Doongar R. Chaudhary
- Division of Plant Omics CSIR‐Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute Bhavnagar India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR Ghaziabad India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Division of Plant Omics CSIR‐Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute Bhavnagar India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR Ghaziabad India
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Bhat MA, Kumar V, Bhat MA, Wani IA, Dar FL, Farooq I, Bhatti F, Koser R, Rahman S, Jan AT. Mechanistic Insights of the Interaction of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) With Plant Roots Toward Enhancing Plant Productivity by Alleviating Salinity Stress. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1952. [PMID: 32973708 PMCID: PMC7468593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture plays an important role in a country's economy. The sector is challenged by many stresses, which led to huge loss in plant productivity worldwide. The ever-increasing population, rapid urbanization with shrinking agricultural lands, dramatic change in climatic conditions, and extensive use of agrochemicals in agricultural practices that caused environmental disturbances confront mankind of escalating problems of food security and sustainability in agriculture. Escalating environmental problems and global hunger have led to the development and adoption of genetic engineering and other conventional plant breeding approaches in developing stress-tolerant varieties of crops. However, these approaches have drawn flaws in their adoption as the process of generating tolerant varieties takes months to years in bringing the technology from the lab to the field. Under such scenario, sustainable and climate-smart agricultural practices that avail bacterial usage open the avenues in fulfilling the incessant demand for food for the global population. Ensuring stability on economic fronts, bacteria minimizes plant salt uptake by trapping ions in their exopolysaccharide matrix besides checking the expression of Na+/H+ and high-affinity potassium transporters. Herein we describe information on salinity stress and its effect on plant health as well as strategies adopted by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in helping plants to overcome salinity stress and in mitigating loss in overall plant productivity. It is believed that acquisition of advanced knowledge of plant-beneficial PGPR will help in devising strategies for sustainable, environment-friendly, and climate-smart agricultural technologies for adoption in agriculture to overcome the constrained environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Aamir Bhat
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Mudasir Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Wani
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Farhana Latief Dar
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Iqra Farooq
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Farha Bhatti
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Rubina Koser
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
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Christophe BG, Hermann P, Séraphin AZ, Agapit DW, Stanley L, David HM, Françoise AK, Armel CGM. Effects of salinity stress on growth in relation to gas exchanges parameters and water status in amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ijppb2018.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Abstract
This review deals with the adaptive mechanisms that plants can implement to cope with the challenge of salt stress. Plants tolerant to NaCl implement a series of adaptations to acclimate to salinity, including morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. These changes include increases in the root/canopy ratio and in the chlorophyll content in addition to changes in the leaf anatomy that ultimately lead to preventing leaf ion toxicity, thus maintaining the water status in order to limit water loss and protect the photosynthesis process. Furthermore, we deal with the effect of salt stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence and some of the mechanisms thought to protect the photosynthetic machinery, including the xanthophyll cycle, photorespiration pathway, and water-water cycle. Finally, we also provide an updated discussion on salt-induced oxidative stress at the subcellular level and its effect on the antioxidant machinery in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plants. The aim is to extend our understanding of how salinity may affect the physiological characteristics of plants.
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