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Dlamini JC, Tesfamariam EH, Verbeeck M, Loick N, Louro‐Lopez A, Hawkins JMB, Blackwell MSA, Dunn RM, Collins AL, Cardenas LM. Do NO, N 2O, N 2 and CO 2 fluxes differ in soils sourced from cropland and varying riparian buffer vegetation? An incubation study. SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 40:e12951. [PMID: 38516181 PMCID: PMC10952594 DOI: 10.1111/sum.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Riparian buffers are expedient interventions for water quality functions in agricultural landscapes. However, the choice of vegetation and management affects soil microbial communities, which in turn affect nutrient cycling and the production and emission of gases such as nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen gas (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). To investigate the potential fluxes of the above-mentioned gases, soil samples were collected from a cropland and downslope grass, willow and woodland riparian buffers from a replicated plot scale experimental facility. The soils were re-packed into cores and to investigate their potential to produce the aforementioned gases via potential denitrification, a potassium nitrate (KNO3 -) and glucose (labile carbon)-containing amendment, was added prior to incubation in a specialized laboratory DENItrification System (DENIS). The resulting NO, N2O, N2 and CO2 emissions were measured simultaneously, with the most NO (2.9 ± 0.31 mg NO m-2) and N2O (1413.4 ± 448.3 mg N2O m-2) generated by the grass riparian buffer and the most N2 (698.1 ± 270.3 mg N2 m-2) and CO2 (27,558.3 ± 128.9 mg CO2 m-2) produced by the willow riparian buffer. Thus, the results show that grass riparian buffer soils have a greater NO3 - removal capacity, evidenced by their large potential denitrification rates, while the willow riparian buffers may be an effective riparian buffer as its soils potentially promote complete denitrification to N2, especially in areas with similar conditions to the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Dlamini
- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted ResearchOkehamptonUK
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of PretoriaHatfieldSouth Africa
| | - E. H. Tesfamariam
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of PretoriaHatfieldSouth Africa
| | - M. Verbeeck
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted ResearchOkehamptonUK
| | - N. Loick
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted ResearchOkehamptonUK
| | - A. Louro‐Lopez
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted ResearchOkehamptonUK
| | - J. M. B. Hawkins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted ResearchOkehamptonUK
| | | | - R. M. Dunn
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted ResearchOkehamptonUK
| | - A. L. Collins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted ResearchOkehamptonUK
| | - L. M. Cardenas
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted ResearchOkehamptonUK
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Obregon D, Mafa-Attoye TG, Baskerville M, Mitter EK, de Souza LF, Oelbermann M, Thevathasan NV, Tsai SM, Dunfield KE. Functionality of methane cycling microbiome during methane flux hot moments from riparian buffer systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161921. [PMID: 36739023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Riparian buffer systems (RBS) are a common agroforestry practice that involves maintaining a forested boundary adjacent to water bodies to protect the aquatic ecosystems in agricultural landscapes. While RBS have potential for carbon sequestration, they also can be sources of methane emissions. Our study site at Washington Creek in Southern Ontario, includes a rehabilitated tree buffer (RH), a grassed buffer (GRB), an undisturbed deciduous forest (UNF), an undisturbed coniferous forest (CF), and an adjacent agricultural field (AGR). The objective of this study was to assess the diversity and activity of CH4 cycling microbial communities in soils sampled during hot moments of methane fluxes (July 04 and August 15). We used qPCR and high-throughput amplicon sequencing from both DNA and cDNA to target methanogen and methanotroph communities. Methanogens, including the archaeal genera Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina, Methanomassiliicoccus, and Methanoreggula, were abundant in all RBSs, but they were significantly more active in UNF soils, where CH4 emissions were highest. Methylocystis was the most prevalent taxon among methanotrophs in all the riparian sites, except for AGR soils where the methanotrophs community was composed primarily of members of rice paddy clusters (RPCs and RPC-1) and upland soil clusters (TUSC and USCα). The main factors influencing the composition and assembly of methane-cycling microbiomes were soil carbon and moisture content. We concluded that the differences in CH4 fluxes observed between RBSs were primarily caused by differences in the presence and activity of methanogens, which were influenced by total soil carbon and water content. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding the microbial drivers of CH4 fluxes in RBSs in order to maximize RBS environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel Obregon
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1H 2W1, Canada; Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 303 - São Dimas, Piracicaba, SP 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Tolulope G Mafa-Attoye
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1H 2W1, Canada
| | - Megan Baskerville
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 351, Boul. Saint-Joseph, Gatineau, Quebec, QC K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Eduardo K Mitter
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1H 2W1, Canada
| | - Leandro Fonseca de Souza
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 303 - São Dimas, Piracicaba, SP 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Maren Oelbermann
- School of Environment, Resources, and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Naresh V Thevathasan
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1H 2W1, Canada
| | - Siu Mui Tsai
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 303 - São Dimas, Piracicaba, SP 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Kari E Dunfield
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1H 2W1, Canada.
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Dlamini JC, Cardenas LM, Tesfamariam EH, Dunn RM, Evans J, Hawkins JMB, Blackwell MSA, Collins AL. Soil CO 2 emissions in cropland with fodder maize ( Zea mays L.) with and without riparian buffer strips of differing vegetation. AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS 2022; 96:983-995. [PMID: 36164326 PMCID: PMC9504891 DOI: 10.1007/s10457-022-00756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vegetated land areas play a significant role in determining the fate of carbon (C) in the global C cycle. Riparian buffer vegetation is primarily implemented for water quality purposes as they attenuate pollutants from immediately adjacent croplands before reaching freashwater systems. However, their prevailing conditions may sometimes promote the production and subsequent emissions of soil carbon dioxide (CO2). Despite this, the understanding of soil CO2 emissions from riparian buffer vegetation and a direct comparison with adjacent croplands they serve remain elusive. In order to quantify the extent of CO2 emissions in such an agro system, we measured CO2 emissions simultaneously with soil and environmental variables for six months in a replicated plot-scale facility comprising of maize cropping served by three vegetated riparian buffers, namely: (i) a novel grass riparian buffer; (ii) a willow riparian buffer, and; (iii) a woodland riparian buffer. These buffered treatments were compared with a no-buffer control. The woodland (322.9 ± 3.1 kg ha- 1) and grass (285 ± 2.7 kg ha- 1) riparian buffer treatments (not significant to each other) generated significantly (p = < 0.0001) the largest CO2 compared to the remainder of the treatments. Our results suggest that during maize production in general, the woodland and grass riparian buffers serving a maize crop pose a CO2 threat. The results of the current study point to the need to consider the benefits for gaseous emissions of mitigation measures conventionally implemented for improving the sustainability of water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Dlamini
- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - L. M. Cardenas
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
| | - E. H. Tesfamariam
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - R. M. Dunn
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
| | - J. Evans
- Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - J. M. B. Hawkins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
| | - M. S. A. Blackwell
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
| | - A. L. Collins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
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Zhang D, Li J, Wu J, Cheng X. Soil CO 2 and CH 4 emissions and their carbon isotopic signatures linked to saturated and drained states of the Three Gorges Reservoir of China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118599. [PMID: 34848288 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human activities such as dams disturb the structure and function of wetlands, triggering large soil CO2 and CH4 emissions. However, controls over field CO2 and CH4 emissions and their carbon isotopic signatures in reservoir wetlands are not yet fully understood. We investigated in situ CO2 and CH4 emissions, the δ13C values of CO2 and CH4, and associated environments in the saturated and drained states under four elevations (i.e., the water column, <147 m, permanent inundation area without plants; the low, 145-160 m, frequently flooded area with revegetation; the high, 160-175 m, rarely flooded area with revegetation; and the upland area as the control, >175 m, nonflooded area with original plants) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The CO2 emissions was significantly higher in high elevation, and they also significantly differed between the saturated and drained states. In contrast, the CH4 emissions on average (41.97 μg CH4 m-2 h-1) were higher at high elevations than at low elevations (22.73 μg CH4 m-2 h-1) during the whole observation period. CH4 emissions decreased by 90% at low elevations and increased by 153% at high elevations from the saturated to drained states. The δ13C of CH4 was more enriched at high elevations than in the low and upland areas, with a more depleted level under the saturated state than under the drained state. We found that soil CO2 and CH4 emissions were closely related to soil substrate quality (e.g., C: N ratio) and enzyme activities, whereas the δ13C values of CO2 and CH4 were primarily associated with root respiration and methanogenic bacteria, respectively. Specifically, the effects of the saturated and drained states on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions were stronger than the effect of reservoir elevation, thereby providing an important basis for assessing carbon neutrality in response to anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jinsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Junjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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Dlamini JC, Cardenas LM, Tesfamariam EH, Dunn RM, Evans J, Hawkins JMB, Blackwell MSA, Collins AL. Soil N 2O and CH 4 emissions from fodder maize production with and without riparian buffer strips of differing vegetation. PLANT AND SOIL 2022; 477:297-318. [PMID: 36120385 PMCID: PMC9474383 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are some of the most important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of the 21st century. Vegetated riparian buffers are primarily implemented for their water quality functions in agroecosystems. Their location in agricultural landscapes allows them to intercept and process pollutants from adjacent agricultural land. They recycle organic matter, which increases soil carbon (C), intercept nitrogen (N)-rich runoff from adjacent croplands, and are seasonally anoxic. Thus processes producing environmentally harmful gases including N2O and CH4 are promoted. Against this context, the study quantified atmospheric losses between a cropland and vegetated riparian buffers that serve it. METHODS Environmental variables and simultaneous N2O and CH4 emissions were measured for a 6-month period in a replicated plot-scale facility comprising maize (Zea mays L.). A static chamber was used to measure gas emissions. The cropping was served by three vegetated riparian buffers, namely: (i) grass riparian buffer; (ii) willow riparian buffer and; (iii) woodland riparian buffer, which were compared with a no-buffer control. RESULTS The no-buffer control generated the largest cumulative N2O emissions of 18.9 kg ha- 1 (95% confidence interval: 0.5-63.6) whilst the maize crop upslope generated the largest cumulative CH4 emissions (5.1 ± 0.88 kg ha- 1). Soil N2O and CH4-based global warming potential (GWP) were lower in the willow (1223.5 ± 362.0 and 134.7 ± 74.0 kg CO2-eq. ha- 1 year- 1, respectively) and woodland (1771.3 ± 800.5 and 3.4 ± 35.9 kg CO2-eq. ha- 1 year- 1, respectively) riparian buffers. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in maize production and where no riparian buffer vegetation is introduced for water quality purposes (no buffer control), atmospheric CH4 and N2O concerns may result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry C. Dlamini
- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB UK
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - L. M. Cardenas
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB UK
| | - E. H. Tesfamariam
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - R. M. Dunn
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB UK
| | - J. Evans
- Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK
| | - J. M. B. Hawkins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB UK
| | - M. S. A. Blackwell
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB UK
| | - A. L. Collins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB UK
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Baskerville M, Bazrgar A, Reddy N, Ofosu E, Thevathasan N, Gordon AM, Oelbermann M. Greenhouse gas emissions from riparian zones are related to vegetation type and environmental factors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2021; 50:847-857. [PMID: 34019309 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Riparian zones provide multiple benefits, including streambank stabilization and nutrient abatement. However, there is a knowledge gap on how the type of vegetation and environmental factors (e.g., soil temperature, moisture) within the riparian zone influence CO2 and CH4 emissions. Our objective was to quantify and compare CO2 and CH4 emissions from a herbaceous (grass) riparian zone (GRS), a rehabilitated riparian zone composed of deciduous trees, an undisturbed natural forested riparian zone with deciduous trees (UNF-D) or coniferous trees (UNF-C), and an agricultural field. Cumulative soil CO2 emission ranged from 23 to 105 g CO2 -C m-2 . Carbon dioxide emissions were greatest (p < .05) in the GRS zone and lowest (p < .05) in the UNF-C riparian zone. The best predictors for CO2 emissions were soil temperature and soil organic carbon (SOC) content. Cumulative CH4 emission ranged from -23 to 253 g CH4 -C m-2 . Methane emissions were greatest (p < .05) in the UNF-D and lowest (p < .05) in the GRS riparian zone. The best predictors for CH4 emissions were soil moisture, SOC, and photosynthetic photon flux density. The total CO2 -C equivalent (i.e., CH4 + CO2 ) was greatest (p < .05) for the GRS and lowest (p < .05) for the UNF-C riparian zone. The environmental factors controlling CO2 and CH4 emissions within the various riparian zones did not change; instead, changes were due to how vegetation within riparian zones influenced these controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Baskerville
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 351, Boul. Saint-Joseph, Gatineau, Quebec, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Amir Bazrgar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Namratha Reddy
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, Univ. of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Enoch Ofosu
- School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Naresh Thevathasan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Andrew M Gordon
- School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Maren Oelbermann
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, Univ. of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Silverthorn TK, Richardson JS. Forest Management Impacts on Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from Riparian Soils Along Headwater Streams. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Zhao S, Zhang B, Sun X, Yang L. Hot spots and hot moments of nitrogen removal from hyporheic and riparian zones: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144168. [PMID: 33360457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Earth is experiencing excessive nitrogen (N) input to its various ecosystems due to human activities. How to effectively and efficiently remove N from ecosystems has been, is and will be at the center of attention in N research. Hyporheic and riparian zones are widely acknowledged for their buffering capacity to reduce contaminants (especially N) transport downstream. However, these zones are usually misunderstood that they can remove N at all spots and at any moments. Here pathways of N removal from hyporheic and riparian zones are reviewed and summarized with an emphasize on their hot spots and hot moments. N is biogeochemically removed by denitrification, anammox, nitrifier denitrification, denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation, Feammox and Sulfammox. Hot moments of N removal are mainly triggered by precipitation, fire and snowmelt. Finally, some research needs are outlined and discussed, such as developing approaches for multiscale sampling and monitoring, quantifying the effects of hot spots and hot moments at hyporheic and riparian zones and evaluating the impacts of human activities on hot spots and hot moments, to inspire more research on hot spots and hot moments of N removal. By this review, we hope to bring awareness of the heterogeneity of hyporheic and riparian zones to catchment managers and policy makers when tackling N pollution problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Baoju Zhang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Leimin Yang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave, Shanghai 201306, China
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Abstract
Riparian zones are often used as best management practices due to their ability to remove nitrate (NO3−) from subsurface flow. Research suggests that beyond local biogeochemical controls, the impact of riparian zones on nitrogen removal and other functions, such as phosphorus dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions, largely depends on land-use/land-cover, hydrogeomorphology, and weather. In this study, we therefore present RZ-TRADEOFF, a novel and easily applicable model that connects multiple riparian functions and characteristics (NO3− and phosphate (PO43−), concentration and removal in subsurface flow, total phosphorus (TP) removal in overland flow, nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, water table) to landscape hydrogeomorphic characteristics, weather, and land-cover/land-use. RZ-TRADEOFF was developed with data from past studies and digital databases, and validated with data collected from the literature. Three functions (water table, PO43− and CO2) were observed to be significantly influenced by climate/weather, while the others were primarily influenced by hydrogeomorphology and land use. The percent bias and normalized root mean square error respectively were −3.35% and 0.28 for water table, 16.00% and 0.34 for NO3− concentration, −7.83% and 20.82 for NO3− removal, 6.64% and 0.35 for PO43− concentration, 2.55% and 0.17 for TP removal, 40.33% and 0.23 for N2O, 72.68% and 0.18 for CH4, and −34.98% and 0.91 for CO2. From a management standpoint, RZ-TRADEOFF significantly advances our ability to predict multiple water and air quality riparian functions using easily accessible data over large areas of the landscape due to its scalability.
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Vidon PG, Welsh MK, Hassanzadeh YT. Twenty Years of Riparian Zone Research (1997-2017): Where to Next? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:248-260. [PMID: 30951128 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.01.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Riparian zones have been used for water quality management with respect to NO in subsurface flow and total P (TP), sediments, and pesticides in overland flow for decades. Only recently has the fate and transport of soluble reactive P (SRP), Hg, emerging contaminants, and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes (NO, CO, and CH) been examined in riparian zones. Overall, riparian zones are efficient at reducing emerging contaminants in subsurface flow and only function as hot spots of methylmercury production in the landscape when dominated by Hg-rich wet organic soils. However, riparian zones do not provide consistent benefits with respect to SRP removal or GHG emissions. Although most existing riparian models almost exclusively focus on NO removal, recent developments in riparian models demonstrate the potential for using easily accessible digital environmental datasets to simulate and scale up riparian functions beyond NO removal to include SRP, TP, and GHG dynamics. To further inform integrated watershed management efforts, more research should be conducted on how various practices, including stream restoration, subsurface drainage, two-stage ditches, beaver dam analogues, denitrification bioreactors and permeable reactive barriers, artificial wetlands, and short-rotation forestry crops affect riparian water and air quality functions. Riparian zone benefits should be discussed not only with respect to water and air quality, but also in terms of recreation, habitat for wildlife, and other ecosystem services. More research is needed to fully address potential water quality or air quality tradeoffs associated with riparian zone management in a multicontaminant-multiuse landscape context.
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Van Appledorn M, Baker ME, Miller AJ. River‐valley morphology, basin size, and flow‐event magnitude interact to produce wide variation in flooding dynamics. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Molly Van Appledorn
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore Maryland 21250 USA
| | - Matthew E. Baker
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore Maryland 21250 USA
| | - Andrew J. Miller
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore Maryland 21250 USA
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Dybala KE, Matzek V, Gardali T, Seavy NE. Carbon sequestration in riparian forests: A global synthesis and meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:57-67. [PMID: 30411449 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Restoration of deforested and degraded landscapes is a globally recognized strategy to sequester carbon, improve ecological integrity, conserve biodiversity, and provide additional benefits to human health and well-being. Investment in riparian forest restoration has received relatively little attention, in part due to their relatively small spatial extent. Yet, riparian forest restoration may be a particularly valuable strategy because riparian forests have the potential for rapid carbon sequestration, are hotspots of biodiversity, and provide numerous valuable ecosystem services. To inform this strategy, we conducted a global synthesis and meta-analysis to identify general patterns of carbon stock accumulation in riparian forests. We compiled riparian biomass and soil carbon stock data from 117 publications, reports, and unpublished data sets. We then modeled the change in carbon stock as a function of vegetation age, considering effects of climate and whether or not the riparian forest had been actively planted. On average, our models predicted that the establishment of riparian forest will more than triple the baseline, unforested soil carbon stock, and that riparian forests hold on average 68-158 Mg C/ha in biomass at maturity, with the highest values in relatively warm and wet climates. We also found that actively planting riparian forest substantially jump-starts the biomass carbon accumulation, with initial growth rates more than double those of naturally regenerating riparian forest. Our results demonstrate that carbon sequestration should be considered a strong co-benefit of riparian restoration, and that increasing the pace and scale of riparian forest restoration may be a valuable investment providing both immediate carbon sequestration value and long-term ecosystem service returns.
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Kaushal SS, Gold AJ, Bernal S, Johnson TAN, Addy K, Burgin A, Burns DA, Coble AA, Hood E, Lu Y, Mayer P, Minor EC, Schroth AW, Vidon P, Wilson H, Xenopoulos MA, Doody T, Galella J, Goodling P, Haviland K, Haq S, Wessel B, Wood K, Jaworski N, Belt KT. Watershed 'Chemical Cocktails': Forming Novel Elemental Combinations in Anthropocene Fresh Waters. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 2018; 141:281-305. [PMID: 31427837 PMCID: PMC6699637 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-018-0502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the Anthropocene1, watershed chemical transport is increasingly dominated by novel combinations elements, which are hydrologically linked together as 'chemical cocktails.' Chemical cocktails are novel because human activities greatly enhance elemental concentrations and their probability for biogeochemical interactions and shared transport along hydrologic flowpaths. A new chemical cocktail approach advances our ability to: trace contaminant mixtures in watersheds, develop chemical proxies with high-resolution sensor data, and manage multiple water quality problems. We explore the following questions: (1) Can we classify elemental transport in watersheds as chemical cocktails using a new approach? (2) What is the role of climate and land use in enhancing the formation and transport of chemical cocktails in watersheds? To address these questions, we first analyze trends in concentrations of carbon, nutrients, metals, and salts in fresh waters over 100 years. Next, we explore how climate and land use enhance the probability of formation of chemical cocktails of carbon, nutrients, metals, and salts. Ultimately, we classify transport of chemical cocktails based on solubility, mobility, reactivity, and dominant phases: (1) sieved chemical cocktails (e.g., particulate forms of nutrients, metals and organic matter); (2) filtered chemical cocktails (e.g., dissolved organic matter and associated metal complexes); (3) chromatographic chemical cocktails (e.g., ions eluted from soil exchange sites); and (4) reactive chemical cocktails (e.g., limiting nutrients and redox sensitive elements). Typically, contaminants are regulated and managed one element at a time, even though combinations of elements interact to influence many water-quality problems such as toxicity to life, eutrophication, infrastructure and water treatment. A chemical cocktail approach significantly expands evaluations of water-quality signatures and impacts beyond single elements to mixtures. High-frequency sensor data (pH, specific conductance, turbidity, etc.) can serve as proxies for chemical cocktails and improve real-time analyses of water-quality violations, identify regulatory needs, and track water quality recovery following and extreme climate events. Ultimately, a watershed chemical cocktail approach is necessary for effectively co-managing groups of contaminants and provides a more holistic approach for studying, monitoring, and managing water quality in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay S Kaushal
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Arthur J Gold
- College Park, Maryland 20740, USA department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Susana Bernal
- Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Center for Advanced studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), C/ Acces Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - Tammy A Newcomer Johnson
- National Exposure Research Lab, Systems Exposure Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
| | - Kelly Addy
- College Park, Maryland 20740, USA department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Amy Burgin
- University of Kansas and Kanas Biological Survey, 2101 Constant Ave., Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Douglas A Burns
- U.S. Geological Survey, New York Water Science Center, 425 Jordan Rd., Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Ashley A Coble
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., 227 NW Third Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA
| | - Eran Hood
- Environmental Science and Geography Program, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA
| | - Yuehan Lu
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - Paul Mayer
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Minor
- Large Lakes Observatory and Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 109 RLB, 2205 East 5 St, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - Andrew W Schroth
- University of Vermont, Department of Geology, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Philippe Vidon
- Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management, The State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Foresty (SUNY- ESF), Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Henry Wilson
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Thomas Doody
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Joseph Galella
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Phillip Goodling
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Katherine Haviland
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA
| | - Shahan Haq
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Barret Wessel
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Kelsey Wood
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Norbert Jaworski
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Retired), Baltimore Field Station, Baltimore, Maryland 21228, USA
| | - Kenneth T Belt
- US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Baltimore Field Station, Baltimore, Maryland 21228, USA
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DiSpirito AA, Semrau JD, Murrell JC, Gallagher WH, Dennison C, Vuilleumier S. Methanobactin and the Link between Copper and Bacterial Methane Oxidation. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:387-409. [PMID: 26984926 PMCID: PMC4867365 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00058-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methanobactins (mbs) are low-molecular-mass (<1,200 Da) copper-binding peptides, or chalkophores, produced by many methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs). These molecules exhibit similarities to certain iron-binding siderophores but are expressed and secreted in response to copper limitation. Structurally, mbs are characterized by a pair of heterocyclic rings with associated thioamide groups that form the copper coordination site. One of the rings is always an oxazolone and the second ring an oxazolone, an imidazolone, or a pyrazinedione moiety. The mb molecule originates from a peptide precursor that undergoes a series of posttranslational modifications, including (i) ring formation, (ii) cleavage of a leader peptide sequence, and (iii) in some cases, addition of a sulfate group. Functionally, mbs represent the extracellular component of a copper acquisition system. Consistent with this role in copper acquisition, mbs have a high affinity for copper ions. Following binding, mbs rapidly reduce Cu(2+) to Cu(1+). In addition to binding copper, mbs will bind most transition metals and near-transition metals and protect the host methanotroph as well as other bacteria from toxic metals. Several other physiological functions have been assigned to mbs, based primarily on their redox and metal-binding properties. In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge of this novel type of metal-binding peptide. We also explore its potential applications, how mbs may alter the bioavailability of multiple metals, and the many roles mbs may play in the physiology of methanotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A DiSpirito
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeremy D Semrau
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J Colin Murrell
- Earth and Life Systems Alliance, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Warren H Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christopher Dennison
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Vuilleumier
- Department of Microbiology, Genomics and the Environment, UMR 7156 UNISTRA-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Vidon P, Marchese S, Welsh M, McMillan S. Short-term spatial and temporal variability in greenhouse gas fluxes in riparian zones. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:503. [PMID: 26169979 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent research indicates that riparian zones have the potential to contribute significant amounts of greenhouse gases (GHG: N2O, CO2, CH4) to the atmosphere. Yet, the short-term spatial and temporal variability in GHG emission in these systems is poorly understood. Using two transects of three static chambers at two North Carolina agricultural riparian zones (one restored, one unrestored), we show that estimates of the average GHG flux at the site scale can vary by one order of magnitude depending on whether the mean or the median is used as a measure of central tendency. Because the median tends to mute the effect of outlier points (hot spots and hot moments), we propose that both must be reported or that other more advanced spatial averaging techniques (e.g., kriging, area-weighted average) should be used to estimate GHG fluxes at the site scale. Results also indicate that short-term temporal variability in GHG fluxes (a few days) under seemingly constant temperature and hydrological conditions can be as large as spatial variability at the site scale, suggesting that the scientific community should rethink sampling protocols for GHG at the soil-atmosphere interface to include repeated measures over short periods of time at select chambers to estimate GHG emissions in the field. Although recent advances in technology provide tools to address these challenges, their cost is often too high for widespread implementation. Until technology improves, sampling design strategies will need to be carefully considered to balance cost, time, and spatial and temporal representativeness of measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vidon
- SUNY-ESF, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA,
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