1
|
Cao X, Tang L, Song J. Circular Single-Stranded DNA: Discovery, Biological Effects, and Applications. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1038-1058. [PMID: 38501391 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The field of nucleic acid therapeutics has witnessed a significant surge in recent times, as evidenced by the increasing number of approved genetic drugs. However, current platform technologies containing plasmids, lipid nanoparticle-mRNAs, and adeno-associated virus vectors encounter various limitations and challenges. Thus, we are devoted to finding a novel nucleic acid vector and have directed our efforts toward investigating circular single-stranded DNA (CssDNA), an ancient form of nucleic acid. CssDNAs are ubiquitous, but generally ignored. Accumulating evidence suggests that CssDNAs possess exceptional properties as nucleic acid vectors, exhibiting great potential for clinical applications in genetic disorders, gene editing, and immune cell therapy. Here, we comprehensively review the discovery and biological effects of CssDNAs as well as their applications in the field of biomedical research for the first time. Undoubtedly, as an ancient form of DNA, CssDNA holds immense potential and promises novel insights for biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xisen Cao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linlin Tang
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Coombes PE, Dickman MJ. Optimisation of denaturing ion pair reversed phase HPLC for the purification of ssDNA in SELEX. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1719:464699. [PMID: 38382212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Aptamers have shown great promise as oligonucleotide-based affinity ligands for various medicinal and industrial applications. A critical step in the production of DNA aptamers via selective enhancement of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is the generation of ssDNA from dsDNA. There are a number of caveats associated with current methods for ssDNA generation, which can lower success rates of SELEX experiments. They often result in low yields thereby decreasing diversity or fail to eliminate parasitic PCR by-products leading to accumulation of by-products from round to round. Both contribute to the failure of SELEX protocols and therefore potentially limit the impact of aptamers compared to their peptide-based antibody counterparts. We have developed a novel method using ion pair reversed phase HPLC (IP RP HPLC) employed under denaturing conditions for the ssDNA re-generation stage of SELEX following PCR. We have utilised a range of 5' chemical modifications on PCR primers to amplify PCR fragments prior to separation and purification of the DNA strands using denaturing IP RP HPLC. We have optimised mobile phases to enable complete denaturation of the dsDNA at moderate temperatures that circumvents the requirement of high temperatures and results in separation of the ssDNA based on differences in their hydrophobicity. Validation of the ssDNA isolation and purity assessment was performed by interfacing the IP RP HPLC with mass spectrometry and fluorescence-based detection. The results show that using a 5' Texas Red modification on the reverse primer in the PCR stage enabled purification of the ssDNA from its complimentary strand via IP RP HPLC under denaturing conditions. Additionally, we have confirmed the purity of the ssDNA generated as well as the complete denaturation of the PCR product via the use of mass-spectrometry and fluorescence analysis therefore proving the selective elimination of PCR by-products and the unwanted complementary strand. Following lyophilisation, ssDNA yields of up to 80% were obtained. In comparison the streptavidin biotin affinity chromatography also generates pure ssDNA with a yield of 55%. The application of this method to rapidly generate and purify ssDNA of the correct size, offers the opportunity to improve the development of new aptamers via SELEX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Coombes
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Mark J Dickman
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koirala D, Dalbec F, May J, Hamal K, Allen PB, Cheng IF. Biosensing with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Stable DNA-Functionalized Magnetically Susceptible Carbon-Iron Microparticles. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16631-16638. [PMID: 37904495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a rapid and sensitive method for DNA detection without the need for fluorescence. This is based on carbon-coated magnetic iron (Fe) microparticles with a covalent surface attachment of DNA. We show that these magnetic microparticles can capture complementary DNA. Significantly, the DNA covalent surface bonds are robust to high temperatures and can be included in a sample during polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This method is employed for the detection of targeted DNA sequences (40-50 bp). Hybridization probes on the surface of the magnetically susceptible Fe microparticle recognize the target DNA sequence-specifically. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) microparticles are then quickly captured with a magnet from the sample matrix. This foregoes postpurification processes, such as electrophoresis, which make our technique time- and cost-effective. Captured dsDNA can be detected with intercalating dyes such as ethidium bromide through a loss in the UV absorption signal with a limit of detection (LOD) of 24 nM within 15 min. Likewise, surface-bound DNA can act as a primer in PCR to decrease the LOD to 5 pM within 2 h. This is the first instance of a nucleotide-modified magnetically susceptible carbon substrate that is PCR-compatible. Besides DNA capture, this strategy can eventually be applied to sequence-specific nucleic acid purification and enrichment, PCR cleanup, and single-strand generation. The DNA-coated particles are stable under PCR conditions (unlike commonly used polystyrene or gold particles).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Koirala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr, MS 2343, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Forrest Dalbec
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr, MS 2343, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Jeremy May
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr, MS 2343, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Kailash Hamal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr, MS 2343, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Peter B Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr, MS 2343, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - I Francis Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr, MS 2343, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Su L, Gong X, Zhou J, Li H. An efficient and recyclable electroeluter: from homemade to modular design for potential mass production. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3874-3881. [PMID: 37539696 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00428g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoresis is one of the most powerful techniques to separate nucleic acids or protein molecules. The recovery of purified components from the gel is key to downstream analysis or function study. Here, we provide a cost-effective electroeluter in both homemade and module-assembled versions. The recovery yield can reach as high as >90% for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and protein in practical testing, which outperforms a commercial kit as well as a purchased electroeluter. It fully addresses the existing concerns in this field. First of all, for almost all kits, there remains ambiguity in recovering ssDNA to satisfy specific demands, which is generally ignored. Secondly, the recovery of dsDNA from agarose gel with consumables is vulnerable to a lot of factors and involves chemicals/materials that are not friendly to the environment and operating personnel. Thirdly, recovery from polyacrylamide matrices is very difficult, and the most exploited diffusion method through crush-and-soak suffers from low yield even after a long-time diffusion. Lastly, there is a universal problem in scaling up, especially for commercial electroeluters. The present electroelution method addresses the above issues, and it is believed that it will facilitate associated research and find widespread application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linhan Su
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueting Gong
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ju Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hailong Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Z, Weng Z, Yao J, Liu D, Zhang L, Zhang L, Xie G. Toehold-mediated nonenzymatic DNA strand displacement coupling UDG mediated PCR and multi-code magnetic beads for DNA genotyping. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Žuržul N, Stokke BT. DNA Aptamer Functionalized Hydrogels for Interferometric Fiber-Optic Based Continuous Monitoring of Potassium Ions. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:266. [PMID: 34436068 PMCID: PMC8392310 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, we describe a potassium sensor based on DNA-aptamer functionalized hydrogel, that is capable of continuous label-free potassium ion (K+) monitoring with potential for in situ application. A hydrogel attached to the end of an optical fiber is designed with di-oligonucleotides grafted to the polymer network that may serve as network junctions in addition to the covalent crosslinks. Specific affinity toward K+ is based on exploiting a particular aptamer that exhibits conformational transition from single-stranded DNA to G-quadruplex formed by the di-oligonucleotide in the presence of K+. Integration of this aptamer into the hydrogel transforms the K+ specific conformational transition to a K+ concentration dependent deswelling of the hydrogel. High-resolution interferometry monitors changes in extent of swelling at 1 Hz and 2 nm resolution for the hydrogel matrix of 50 µm. The developed hydrogel-based biosensor displayed high selectivity for K+ ions in the concentration range up to 10 mM, in the presence of physiological concentrations of Na+. Additionally, the concentration dependent and selective K+ detection demonstrated in the artificial blood buffer environment, both at room and physiological temperatures, suggests substantial potential for practical applications such as monitoring of potassium ion concentration in blood levels in intensive care medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bjørn Torger Stokke
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Gao H, Qi Z, Huang Z, Ma L, Liu J. Freezing-Assisted Conjugation of Unmodified Diblock DNA to Hydrogel Nanoparticles and Monoliths for DNA and Hg 2+ Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12985-12991. [PMID: 33792133 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acrydite-modified DNA is the most frequently used reagent to prepare DNA-functionalized hydrogels. Herein, we show that unmodified penta-adenine (A5 ) can reach up to 75 % conjugation efficiency in 8 h under a freezing polymerization condition in polyacrylamide hydrogels. DNA incorporation efficiency was reduced by forming duplex or other folded structures and by removing the freezing condition. By designing diblock DNA containing an A5 block, various functional DNA sequences were attached. Such hydrogels were designed for ultrasensitive DNA hybridization and Hg2+ detection, with detection limits of 50 pM and 10 nM, respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of using unmodified DNA to replace acrydite-DNA. The same method worked for both gel nanoparticles and monoliths. This work revealed interesting reaction products by exploiting freezing and has provided a cost-effective way to attach DNA to hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zengyao Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lingzi Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Fu X, Huang J, Zeng P, Huang Y, Chen X, Liang C. Advances in Screening and Development of Therapeutic Aptamers Against Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662791. [PMID: 34095130 PMCID: PMC8170048 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become the leading cause of death in recent years. As great advances in medical treatment, emerging therapies of various cancers have been developed. Current treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Aptamers are synthetic ssDNA or RNA. They can bind tightly to target molecules due to their unique tertiary structure. It is easy for aptamers to be screened, synthesized, programmed, and chemically modified. Aptamers are emerging targeted drugs that hold great potentials, called therapeutic aptamers. There are few types of therapeutic aptamers that have already been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for disease treatment. Now more and more therapeutic aptamers are in the stage of preclinical research or clinical trials. This review summarized the screening and development of therapeutic aptamers against different types of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuekun Fu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyuan Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Y, Gao H, Qi Z, Huang Z, Ma L, Liu J. Freezing‐Assisted Conjugation of Unmodified Diblock DNA to Hydrogel Nanoparticles and Monoliths for DNA and Hg
2+
Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Hang Gao
- Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Zengyao Qi
- Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Lingzi Ma
- Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research 17W Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yoo E, Choe D, Shin J, Cho S, Cho BK. Mini review: Enzyme-based DNA synthesis and selective retrieval for data storage. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2468-2476. [PMID: 34025937 PMCID: PMC8113751 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The market for using and storing digital data is growing, with DNA synthesis emerging as an efficient way to store massive amounts of data. Storing information in DNA mainly consists of two steps: data writing and reading. The writing step requires encoding data in DNA, building one nucleotide at a time as a form of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Once the data needs to be read, the target DNA is selectively retrieved and sequenced, which will also be in the form of an ssDNA. Recently, enzyme-based DNA synthesis is emerging as a new method to be a breakthrough on behalf of decades-old chemical synthesis. A few enzymatic methods have been presented for data memory, including the use of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Besides, enzyme-based amplification or denaturation of the target strand into ssDNA provides selective access to the desired dataset. In this review, we summarize diverse enzymatic methods for either synthesizing ssDNA or retrieving the data-containing DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eojin Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghui Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongoh Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Innovative Biomaterials Research Center, KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Innovative Biomaterials Research Center, KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Synthesis of DNA Origami Scaffolds: Current and Emerging Strategies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153386. [PMID: 32722650 PMCID: PMC7435391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA origami nanocarriers have emerged as a promising tool for many biomedical applications, such as biosensing, targeted drug delivery, and cancer immunotherapy. These highly programmable nanoarchitectures are assembled into any shape or size with nanoscale precision by folding a single-stranded DNA scaffold with short complementary oligonucleotides. The standard scaffold strand used to fold DNA origami nanocarriers is usually the M13mp18 bacteriophage’s circular single-stranded DNA genome with limited design flexibility in terms of the sequence and size of the final objects. However, with the recent progress in automated DNA origami design—allowing for increasing structural complexity—and the growing number of applications, the need for scalable methods to produce custom scaffolds has become crucial to overcome the limitations of traditional methods for scaffold production. Improved scaffold synthesis strategies will help to broaden the use of DNA origami for more biomedical applications. To this end, several techniques have been developed in recent years for the scalable synthesis of single stranded DNA scaffolds with custom lengths and sequences. This review focuses on these methods and the progress that has been made to address the challenges confronting custom scaffold production for large-scale DNA origami assembly.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hao M, Qiao J, Qi H. Current and Emerging Methods for the Synthesis of Single-Stranded DNA. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E116. [PMID: 31973021 PMCID: PMC7073533 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for synthesizing arbitrary single-strand DNA (ssDNA) fragments are rapidly becoming fundamental tools for gene editing, DNA origami, DNA storage, and other applications. To meet the rising application requirements, numerous methods have been developed to produce ssDNA. Some approaches allow the synthesis of freely chosen user-defined ssDNA sequences to overcome the restrictions and limitations of different length, purity, and yield. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the representative ssDNA production strategies and their most significant challenges to enable the readers to make informed choices of synthesis methods and enhance the availability of increasingly inexpensive synthetic ssDNA. We also aim to stimulate a broader interest in the continued development of efficient ssDNA synthesis techniques and improve their applications in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (M.H.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (M.H.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (M.H.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Minev D, Guerra R, Kishi JY, Smith C, Krieg E, Said K, Hornick A, Sasaki HM, Filsinger G, Beliveau BJ, Yin P, Church GM, Shih WM. Rapid in vitro production of single-stranded DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:11956-11962. [PMID: 31713635 PMCID: PMC7145709 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing demand for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) of lengths >200 nucleotides (nt) in synthetic biology, biological imaging and bionanotechnology. Existing methods to produce high-purity long ssDNA face limitations in scalability, complexity of protocol steps and/or yield. We present a rapid, high-yielding and user-friendly method for in vitro production of high-purity ssDNA with lengths up to at least seven kilobases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a forward primer bearing a methanol-responsive polymer generates a tagged amplicon that enables selective precipitation of the modified strand under denaturing conditions. We demonstrate that ssDNA is recoverable in ∼40-50 min (time after PCR) with >70% yield with respect to the input PCR amplicon, or up to 70 pmol per 100 μl PCR reaction. We demonstrate that the recovered ssDNA can be used for CRISPR/Cas9 homology directed repair in human cells, DNA-origami folding and fluorescent in-situ hybridization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dionis Minev
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard Guerra
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jocelyn Y Kishi
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cory Smith
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elisha Krieg
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khaled Said
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Hornick
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hiroshi M Sasaki
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriel Filsinger
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian J Beliveau
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peng Yin
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George M Church
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William M Shih
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Komarova N, Kuznetsov A. Inside the Black Box: What Makes SELEX Better? Molecules 2019; 24:E3598. [PMID: 31591283 PMCID: PMC6804172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are small oligonucleotides that are capable of binding specifically to a target, with impressive potential for analysis, diagnostics, and therapeutics applications. Aptamers are isolated from large nucleic acid combinatorial libraries using an iterative selection process called SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment). Since being implemented 30 years ago, the SELEX protocol has undergone many modifications and improvements, but it remains a laborious, time-consuming, and costly method, and the results are not always successful. Each step in the aptamer selection protocol can influence its results. This review discusses key technical points of the SELEX procedure and their influence on the outcome of aptamer selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Komarova
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex Technological Centre, 1-7 Shokin Square, Zelenograd, Moscow 124498, Russia.
| | - Alexander Kuznetsov
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex Technological Centre, 1-7 Shokin Square, Zelenograd, Moscow 124498, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Veneziano R, Shepherd TR, Ratanalert S, Bellou L, Tao C, Bathe M. In vitro synthesis of gene-length single-stranded DNA. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6548. [PMID: 29695837 PMCID: PMC5916881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) increases the likelihood of homology directed repair with reduced cellular toxicity. However, ssDNA synthesis strategies are limited by the maximum length attainable, ranging from a few hundred nucleotides for chemical synthesis to a few thousand nucleotides for enzymatic synthesis, as well as limited control over nucleotide composition. Here, we apply purely enzymatic synthesis to generate ssDNA greater than 15 kilobases (kb) using asymmetric PCR, and illustrate the incorporation of diverse modified nucleotides for therapeutic and theranostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Veneziano
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Tyson R Shepherd
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sakul Ratanalert
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Leila Bellou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chaoqun Tao
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Damase TR, Miura TA, Parent CE, Allen PB. Application of the Open qPCR Instrument for the in Vitro Selection of DNA Aptamers against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Drosophila C Virus. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2018; 20:45-54. [PMID: 29293309 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The low-cost Open qPCR instrument can be used for different tasks in the aptamer selection process: quantification of DNA, cycle course optimization, screening, and final binding characterization. We have selected aptamers against whole Drosophila C virus (DCV) particles and recombinant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We performed systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) using the Open qPCR to optimize each amplification step. The Open qPCR instrument identified the best aptamer candidate. The Open qPCR has the capacity to perform melt curves, and we used this function to perform thermofluorimetric analysis (TFA) to quantify target-aptamer binding. We confirmed target-aptamer binding using flow cytometry. A sandwich type luminescence bioassay based on our anti-DCV aptamer was sensitive to DCV and did not respond to a related virus, demonstrating that our selected anti-DCV aptamer can be used to specifically detect DCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tulsi Ram Damase
- University of Idaho, Department of Chemistry, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Tanya A. Miura
- University of Idaho, Department of Biological Sciences, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 3051, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3051, United States
| | - Christine E. Parent
- University of Idaho, Department of Biological Sciences, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 3051, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3051, United States
| | - Peter B. Allen
- University of Idaho, Department of Chemistry, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Krieg E, Shih WM. Selective Nascent Polymer Catch-and-Release Enables Scalable Isolation of Multi-Kilobase Single-Stranded DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:714-718. [PMID: 29210156 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Scalable methods currently are lacking for isolation of long ssDNA, an important material for numerous biotechnological applications. Conventional biomolecule purification strategies achieve target capture using solid supports, which are limited in scale and susceptible to contamination owing to nonspecific adsorption and desorption on the substrate surface. We herein disclose selective nascent polymer catch and release (SNAPCAR), a method that utilizes the reactivity of growing poly(acrylamide-co-acrylate) chains to capture acrylamide-labeled molecules in free solution. The copolymer acts as a stimuli-responsive anchor that can be precipitated on demand to pull down the target from solution. SNAPCAR enabled scalable isolation of multi-kilobase ssDNA with high purity and 50-70 % yield. The ssDNA products were used to fold various DNA origami. SNAPCAR-produced ssDNA will expand the scope of applications in nanotechnology, gene editing, and DNA library construction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Krieg
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - William M Shih
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Krieg E, Shih WM. Selective Nascent Polymer Catch‐and‐Release Enables Scalable Isolation of Multi‐Kilobase Single‐Stranded DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Krieg
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 450 Brookline Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - William M. Shih
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 450 Brookline Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
| |
Collapse
|