1
|
Joshi M, Dey P, De A. Recent advancements in targeted protein knockdown technologies-emerging paradigms for targeted therapy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:1227-1248. [PMID: 38213543 PMCID: PMC10776596 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A generalized therapeutic strategy for various disease conditions, including cancer, is to deplete or inactivate harmful protein targets. Various forms of protein or gene silencing molecules, e.g., small molecule inhibitors, RNA interference (RNAi), and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been used against druggable targets. Over the past few years, targeted protein degradation (TPD) approaches have been developed for direct degradation of candidate proteins. Among the TPD approaches, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as one of the most promising approaches for the selective elimination of proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Other than PROTACs, TPD methods with potential therapeutic use include intrabody-mediated protein knockdown and tripartite motif-21 (TRIM-21) mediated TRIM-Away. In this review, protein knockdown approaches, their modes of action, and their advantages over conventional gene knockdown approaches are summarized. In cancers, disease-associated protein functions are often executed by specific post-translational modifications (PTMs). The role of TRIM-Away is highlighted in the direct knockdown of PTM forms of target proteins. Moreover, the application challenges and the prospective clinical use of TPD approaches in various diseases are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Joshi
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
- Life Science, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Pranay Dey
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
- Life Science, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
- Life Science, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim SL, Choi HS, Lee DS. BRD4/nuclear PD-L1/RelB circuit is involved in the stemness of breast cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:315. [PMID: 37924094 PMCID: PMC10623882 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. BC stem cells (BCSCs) have been known to be involved in the carcinogenesis of the breast and contribute to therapeutic resistance. The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of BC correlated with a poor prognosis. Immunotherapies that target PD-L1 have great potential and have been successful when applied to cancer treatment. However, whether PD-L1 regulates BCSC formation is unknown. METHODS BCSCs were enriched by serum-free suspension culture. The properties of BCSCs were examined by mammosphere formation assay, CD44+/Cd24-, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) assay, CSC marker analysis, and mammosphere growth assay. To elucidate the functions of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), nuclear PD-L1, and RelB proteins in the stemness of BCSCs, mammosphere formation was examined using BRD4 inhibitor and degrader, PD-L1 degrader, and RelB inhibitor. The antitumor function of 3',4',7,8-tetrahydroxyflavone (THF), a specific BRD4 inhibitor, was studied through in vivo tumor model and mouse studies, and the protein levels of c-Myc, PD-L1, and RelB were examined in tumor model under THF treatment. RESULTS BRD4 was upregulated in breast CSCs and regulates the stemness of BCs. The downregulation of BRD4 using BRD4 PROTAC, ARV-825, and BRD4 inhibitor, (+)-JQ1, inhibits mammosphere formation and reduces the levels of breast CSC markers (CD44+/CD24- and ALDH1), stem cell marker genes, and mammosphere growth. BRD4 inhibitor (JQ1) and degrader (ARV825) downregulate membrane and nuclear fractions of PD-L1 through the inhibition of PD-L1 transcript levels. The knockdown of PD-L1 inhibits mammosphere formation. Verteporfin, a PD-L1 degrader, inhibits the transcripts and protein levels of PD-L1 and downregulates the transcript and protein levels of RelB. Calcitriol, a RelB inhibitor, and the knockdown of RelB using si-RelB regulate mammosphere formation through interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. THF is a natural product and a potent selective BRD4 inhibitor, inhibits mammosphere formation, and reduces the levels of CD44+/CD24- and mammosphere growth by downregulating c-Myc, PD-L1, and RelB. 3',4',7,8-THF shows tumoricidal activity and increased levels of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T-cells in the tumor and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) in the murine tumor model using 4T1 and MC38 cells. CONCLUSIONS The results show the first evidence of the essential role of the BRD4/nuclear PD-L1/RelB axis in breast CSC formation. The nuclear PD-L1 regulates RelB, and the RelB/p65 complex induces IL6 and breast CSC formation. Targeting nuclear PD-L1 represents a potential and novel tool for immunotherapies of intractable BC. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Lim Kim
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program for Bio-health/Innovative Drug Development using Subtropical Bio-Resources, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate Program for Bio-health/Innovative Drug Development using Subtropical Bio-Resources, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang L, Chen W, Liu S, Chen C. Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:552-570. [PMID: 36632469 PMCID: PMC9830502 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.76187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential roles of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in tumor initiation and recurrence have been recognized for many decades. Due to their strong capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, BCSCs are the major reasons for poor clinical outcomes and low therapeutic response. Several hypotheses on the origin of cancer stem cells have been proposed, including critical gene mutations in stem cells, dedifferentiation of somatic cells, and cell plasticity remodeling by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment, including cellular components and cytokines, modulates the self-renewal and therapeutic resistance of BCSCs. Small molecules, antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting BCSCs have been developed, and their applications in combination with conventional therapies are undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the features of BCSCs, emphasize the major factors and tumor environment that regulate the stemness of BCSCs, and discuss potential BCSC-targeting therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai paracrine Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenmin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650201, China.,Kunming College of Life Sciences, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai paracrine Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Ceshi Chen, E-mail: or Suling Liu, E-mail:
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650201, China.,Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Ceshi Chen, E-mail: or Suling Liu, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mishra SK, Dhadve AC, Mal A, Reddy BPK, Hole A, Chilakapati MK, Ray P, Srivastava R, De A. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an effective treatment measure against solid tumors which fails to respond conventional chemo/radiation therapies in clinic. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 143:213153. [PMID: 36343390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a fast, precisive, and cost-effective anticancer therapy protocol. Here we applied our previously designed nanomaterial (Tocophotoxil) for prospective PTT application to manage radiation- and chemo-resistant cancers in a preclinical model. A PTT dose vs. efficacy relationship was established for radioresistant breast (ZR-75-1 50Gy, 4T1 20Gy) and chemo-resistant ovarian (A2780LR) cancer cells and tumors in mice models. Compared to the sensitive cases, resistant cells treated with PTT for a shorter duration show higher endurance. However, preclinical tumor xenografts treated with optimal PTT dose show 2-3 fold higher longevity (P ≤ 0.05) of treated mice monitored by non-invasive imaging methods. Elevated ERK and AKT activation in radioresistant or only AKT activation in chemo-resistant cells were contributory to higher cell survival in sub-optimal PTT dose. A comprehensive single-cell Raman map of PTT treated ZR-75-1 cell reveals broad-spectrum macromolecular deformities, including protein damage features. Marked induction of pJNK, unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation in PTT-treated cells disrupted the intracellular homeostasis. Analyzing cellular ultrastructure, the coexistence of swollen endoplasmic reticulum, and autophagic bodies after PTT indicate possible coordination between UPR and autophagy pathways. Therefore, this comprehensive study provides new evidence on the potential impact of PTT as a standalone therapy for ablation of failed conventional therapy-resistant cancers in vivo, the success of which is intricately linked to the PTT dose optimization. The study, for the first time, also illustrates that under PTT treatment, concerted action of novel molecular switches such as JNK activation and UPR activation plays a vital role in triggering autophagy and cancer cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K Mishra
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India; Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Ajit C Dhadve
- Imaging Cell Signaling and Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India; Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Arijit Mal
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India; Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - B Pradeep K Reddy
- NanoBios Lab, Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Arti Hole
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Murali Krishna Chilakapati
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India; Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India.
| | - Pritha Ray
- Imaging Cell Signaling and Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India; Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India.
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- NanoBios Lab, Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India; Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cámara-Sánchez P, Díaz-Riascos ZV, García-Aranda N, Gener P, Seras-Franzoso J, Giani-Alonso M, Royo M, Vázquez E, Schwartz S, Abasolo I. Selectively Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells by 8-Quinolinol and Niclosamide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911760. [PMID: 36233074 PMCID: PMC9570236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer maintenance, metastatic dissemination and drug resistance are sustained by cancer stem cells (CSCs). Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the breast cancer subtype with the highest number of CSCs and the poorest prognosis. Here, we aimed to identify potential drugs targeting CSCs to be further employed in combination with standard chemotherapy in TNBC treatment. The anti-CSC efficacy of up to 17 small drugs was tested in TNBC cell lines using cell viability assays on differentiated cancer cells and CSCs. Then, the effect of 2 selected drugs (8-quinolinol -8Q- and niclosamide -NCS-) in the cancer stemness features were evaluated using mammosphere growth, cell invasion, migration and anchorage-independent growth assays. Changes in the expression of stemness genes after 8Q or NCS treatment were also evaluated. Moreover, the potential synergism of 8Q and NCS with PTX on CSC proliferation and stemness-related signaling pathways was evaluated using TNBC cell lines, CSC-reporter sublines, and CSC-enriched mammospheres. Finally, the efficacy of NCS in combination with PTX was analyzed in vivo using an orthotopic mouse model of MDA-MB-231 cells. Among all tested drug candidates, 8Q and NCS showed remarkable specific anti-CSC activity in terms of CSC viability, migration, invasion and anchorage independent growth reduction in vitro. Moreover, specific 8Q/PTX and NCS/PTX ratios at which both drugs displayed a synergistic effect in different TNBC cell lines were identified. The sole use of PTX increased the relative presence of CSCs in TNBC cells, whereas the combination of 8Q and NCS counteracted this pro-CSC activity of PTX while significantly reducing cell viability. In vivo, the combination of NCS with PTX reduced tumor growth and limited the dissemination of the disease by reducing circulating tumor cells and the incidence of lung metastasis. The combination of 8Q and NCS with PTX at established ratios inhibits both the proliferation of differentiated cancer cells and the viability of CSCs, paving the way for more efficacious TNBC treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cámara-Sánchez
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zamira V. Díaz-Riascos
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR), Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia García-Aranda
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR), Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petra Gener
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Seras-Franzoso
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Micaela Giani-Alonso
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Royo
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simó Schwartz
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR), Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Safa AR. Drug and apoptosis resistance in cancer stem cells: a puzzle with many pieces. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:850-872. [PMID: 36627897 PMCID: PMC9771762 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer agents and apoptosis results in cancer relapse and is associated with cancer mortality. Substantial data have provided convincing evidence establishing that human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which display self-renewal and are resistant to anticancer drugs, radiation, and apoptosis, and express enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal progression. CSCs represent a heterogeneous tumor cell population and lack specific cellular targets, which makes it a great challenge to target and eradicate them. Similarly, their close relationship with the tumor microenvironment creates greater complexity in developing novel treatment strategies targeting CSCs. Several mechanisms participate in the drug and apoptosis resistance phenotype in CSCs in various cancers. These include enhanced expression of ATP-binding cassette membrane transporters, activation of various cytoprotective and survival signaling pathways, dysregulation of stemness signaling pathways, aberrant DNA repair mechanisms, increased quiescence, autophagy, increased immune evasion, deficiency of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins including c-FLIP [cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein], Bcl-2 family members, inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, and PI3K/AKT signaling. Studying such mechanisms not only provides mechanistic insights into these cells that are unresponsive to drugs, but may lead to the development of targeted and effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs. Several studies have identified promising strategies to target CSCs. These emerging strategies may help target CSC-associated drug resistance and metastasis in clinical settings. This article will review the CSCs drug and apoptosis resistance mechanisms and how to target CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R. Safa
- Correspondence to: Dr. Ahmad R. Safa, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 635 Barnhill Dr. MS A416, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dey P, Joshi M, Mujawar A, Malhotra R, De A. Direct knockdown of phospho-PTM targets mediated by TRIM21 can improve personalized treatment in breast cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:873-891. [PMID: 35834098 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this work for the first time, we showed specific and direct knockdown of important oncogenic proteins of interest and their phospho-PTM targets in tripartite motif containing-21 (TRIM21) overexpressing breast cancer (BC) cells. We revealed the functional and therapeutic consequences of this protein knockdown approach called 'TRIM-ing'. METHODS To target HER2, HER3, STAT3 or their activated forms, electroporation and puls-in transfection were standardized for mAb delivery in AU565 and MCF7 BC cell lines. Cancer cells were treated with HER2-targeted medicines (Trastuzumab and Neratinib) or STAT3 targeted inhibitors (Stattic and Niclosamide) with or without respective target TRIM-ing. Real-time PCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, cytotoxicity, short- and long-term cell survival assessments were done following standard methodologies. 3-D structure modelling was used to verify the binding of mAb onto the STAT3 target. RESULTS TRIM-ing of HER2 or HER3 receptors or their activated phospho-forms in BC cells showed rapid degradation of respective protein forms, shattering down the downstream signaling (p-ERK, p-AKT) that lasts for up to 7-8 days. This significantly inhibited BC survival (p < 0.001), showing a synergistic therapeutic effect with HER2 medicine trastuzumab or neratinib. Additionally, specific TRIM-ing ability of canonical pY705 or non-canonical pS727 PTMs of STAT3 protein was demonstrated in MCF7 cells, causing significant cytotoxicity (p < 0.05). TRIM-ing of STAT3 PTM, when combined with the same PTM-specific inhibitors, a synergistic treatment effect was observed. CONCLUSION The work demonstrated that TRIM-ing could directly reduce various oncogenic targets or their specific activated form inside the cancer cells without compensatory pathway activation, a conundrum limiting the therapeutic benefit of current personalized medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Dey
- Molecular Functional Imaging Laboratory, KS232c, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Mansi Joshi
- Molecular Functional Imaging Laboratory, KS232c, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Aaiyas Mujawar
- Molecular Functional Imaging Laboratory, KS232c, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Renu Malhotra
- Molecular Functional Imaging Laboratory, KS232c, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Laboratory, KS232c, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India. .,Faculty of Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A Tale of Two Cancers: A Current Concise Overview of Breast and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122954. [PMID: 35740617 PMCID: PMC9220807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast and prostate cancers are serious public health issues that create considerable burden to both people and healthcare systems worldwide. Cancer is a heterogeneous disease influenced by numerous components, and its diverse intricate pathology challenges disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and survival. Although recent statistics suggest improvements in cancer diagnosis and treatment, many challenges remain before cancers are curable. This review presents relevant summarized information related to breast and prostate cancer. Abstract Cancer is a global issue, and it is expected to have a major impact on our continuing global health crisis. As populations age, we see an increased incidence in cancer rates, but considerable variation is observed in survival rates across different geographical regions and cancer types. Both breast and prostate cancer are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although cancer statistics indicate improvements in some areas of breast and prostate cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, such statistics clearly convey the need for improvements in our understanding of the disease, risk factors, and interventions to improve life span and quality of life for all patients, and hopefully to effect a cure for people living in developed and developing countries. This concise review compiles the current information on statistics, pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments associated with breast and prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
9
|
Telang NT. The Divergent Effects of Ovarian Steroid Hormones in the MCF-7 Model for Luminal A Breast Cancer: Mechanistic Leads for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094800. [PMID: 35563193 PMCID: PMC9105252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth modulating effects of the ovarian steroid hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PRG) on endocrine-responsive target tissues are well established. In hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer, E2 functions as a potent growth promoter, while the function of PRG is less defined. In the hormone-receptor-positive Luminal A and Luminal B molecular subtypes of clinical breast cancer, conventional endocrine therapy predominantly targets estrogen receptor function and estrogen biosynthesis and/or growth factor receptors. These therapeutic options are associated with systemic toxicity, acquired tumor resistance, and the emergence of drug-resistant cancer stem cells, facilitating the progression of therapy-resistant disease. The limitations of targeted endocrine therapy emphasize the identification of nontoxic testable alternatives. In the human breast, carcinoma-derived hormone-receptor-positive MCF-7 model treatment with E2 within the physiological concentration range of 1 nM to 20 nM induces progressive growth, upregulated cell cycle progression, and downregulated cellular apoptosis. In contrast, treatment with PRG at the equimolar concentration range exhibits dose-dependent growth inhibition, downregulated cell-cycle progression, and upregulated cellular apoptosis. Nontoxic nutritional herbs at their respective maximum cytostatic concentrations (IC90) effectively increase the E2 metabolite ratio in favor of the anti-proliferative metabolite. The long-term exposure to the selective estrogen-receptor modulator tamoxifen selects a drug-resistant phenotype, exhibiting increased expressions of stem cell markers. The present review discusses the published evidence relevant to hormone metabolism, growth modulation by hormone metabolites, drug-resistant stem cells, and growth-inhibitory efficacy of nutritional herbs. Collectively, this evidence provides proof of the concept for future research directions that are focused on novel therapeutic options for endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancer that may operate via E2- and/or PRG-mediated growth regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin T Telang
- Cancer Prevention Research Program, Palindrome Liaisons Consultants, Montvale, NJ 07645-1559, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gupta P, Neupane YR, Parvez S, Kohli K. Recent advances in targeted nanotherapeutic approaches for breast cancer management. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2605-2631. [PMID: 34854336 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring tumor disease worldwide. Breast cancer is currently managed by conventional chemotherapy, which is inadequate in curbing this heterogeneous disease and results in off-site toxic effects, suggesting effective treatment approaches with better therapeutic profiles are needed. This review, therefore, focuses on the recent advancements in delivering therapeutics to the target site using passive and/or active targeted nanodrug-delivery systems to ameliorate endolysosomal escape. In addition, recent strategies in targeting breast cancer stem cells are discussed. The role of naturally cell-secreted nanovesicles (exosomes) in the management of triple-negative breast cancer is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Yub Raj Neupane
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117559
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.,Lloyd Institute of Management & Technology (Pharm.), Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nanotechnology-based products for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1389-1412. [PMID: 34716502 PMCID: PMC8555726 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Currently, nanoscale materials and scaffolds carrying antitumor agents to the tumor target site are practical approaches for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy is a modern approach to cancer treatment in which the body’s immune system adjusts to deal with cancer cells. Immuno-engineering is a new branch of regenerative medicine-based therapies that uses engineering principles by using biological tools to stimulate the immune system. Therefore, this branch’s final aim is to regulate distribution, release, and simultaneous placement of several immune factors at the tumor site, so then upgrade the current treatment methods and subsequently improve the immune system’s handling. In this paper, recent research and prospects of nanotechnology-based cancer immunotherapy have been presented and discussed. Furthermore, different encouraging nanotechnology-based plans for targeting various innate and adaptive immune systems will also be discussed. Due to novel views in nanotechnology strategies, this field can address some biological obstacles, although studies are ongoing. Graphic abstract ![]()
Collapse
|
12
|
van der Merwe M, van Niekerk G, Fourie C, du Plessis M, Engelbrecht AM. The impact of mitochondria on cancer treatment resistance. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:983-995. [PMID: 34244972 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of cancer cells to develop treatment resistance is one of the primary factors that prevent successful treatment. Although initially thought to be dysfunctional in cancer, mitochondria are significant players that mediate treatment resistance. Literature indicates that cancer cells reutilize their mitochondria to facilitate cancer progression and treatment resistance. However, the mechanisms by which the mitochondria promote treatment resistance have not yet been fully elucidated. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Here, we describe various means by which mitochondria can promote treatment resistance. For example, mutations in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, i.e., fumarate hydratase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, result in the accumulation of the oncometabolites fumarate and 2-hydroxyglutarate, respectively. These oncometabolites may promote treatment resistance by upregulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, inhibiting the anti-tumor immune response, or promoting angiogenesis. Furthermore, stromal cells can donate intact mitochondria to cancer cells after therapy to restore mitochondrial functionality and facilitate treatment resistance. Targeting mitochondria is, therefore, a feasible strategy that may dampen treatment resistance. Analysis of tumoral DNA may also be used to guide treatment choices. It will indicate whether enzymatic mutations are present in the TCA cycle and, if so, whether the mutations or their downstream signaling pathways can be targeted. This may improve treatment outcomes by inhibiting treatment resistance or promoting the effectiveness of anti-angiogenic agents or immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle van der Merwe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Gustav van Niekerk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Carla Fourie
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Manisha du Plessis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng C, Yan S, Lu L, Yao H, He G, Chen S, Li Y, Peng X, Cheng Z, Wu M, Zhang Q, Li G, Fu S, Deng X. Lovastatin Inhibits EMT and Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Stem Cells Through Dysregulation of Cytoskeleton-Associated Proteins. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656687. [PMID: 34150623 PMCID: PMC8212055 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more aggressive and has poorer prognosis compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells transform into mesenchymal-like cells capable of migration, invasion, and metastasis. Recently, we have demonstrated that lovastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor and a lipid-lowering drug, could inhibit stemness properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs) derived from TNBC cell in vitro and in vivo. This study is aimed at investigating whether lovastatin inhibits TNBC CSCs by inhibiting EMT and suppressing metastasis and the mechanism involved. In the present study, we found that lovastatin dysregulated lysine succinylation of cytoskeleton-associated proteins in CSCs derived from TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell. Lovastatin inhibited EMT as demonstrated by down-regulation of the protein levels of Vimentin and Twist in MDA-MB-231 CSCs in vitro and vivo and by reversal of TGF-β1-induced morphological change in MCF10A cells. Lovastatin also inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 CSCs. The disruption of cytoskeleton in TNBC CSCs by lovastatin was demonstrated by the reduction of the number of pseudopodia and the relocation of F-actin cytoskeleton. Combination of lovastatin with doxorubicin synergistically inhibited liver metastasis of MDA-MB-231 CSCs. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that higher expression levels of cytoskeleton-associated genes were characteristic of TNBC and predicted survival outcomes in breast cancer patients. These data suggested that lovastatin could inhibit the EMT and metastasis of TNBC CSCs in vitro and in vivo through dysregulation of cytoskeleton-associated proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shichao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangchun He
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | - Mi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Guifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shujun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Song K, Farzaneh M. Signaling pathways governing breast cancer stem cells behavior. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:245. [PMID: 33863385 PMCID: PMC8052733 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02321-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second common cancer and the leading cause of malignancy among females overall. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small population of breast cancer cells that play a critical role in the metastasis of breast cancer to other organs in the body. BCSCs have both self-renewal and differentiation capacities, which are thought to contribute to the aggressiveness of metastatic lesions. Therefore, targeting BCSCs can be a suitable approach for the treatment and metastasis of breast cancer. Growing evidence has indicated that the Wnt, NFκB, Notch, BMP2, STAT3, and hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways govern epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation, growth, and tumorigenesis of BCSCs in the primary regions. miRNAs as the central regulatory molecules also play critical roles in BCSC self-renewal, metastasis, and drug resistance. Hence, targeting these pathways might be a novel therapeutic approach for breast cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review discusses known signaling mechanisms involved in the stimulation or prevention of BCSC self-renewal, metastasis, and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zheng Q, Zhang M, Zhou F, Zhang L, Meng X. The Breast Cancer Stem Cells Traits and Drug Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:599965. [PMID: 33584277 PMCID: PMC7876385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major challenge in breast cancer (BC) treatment at present. Accumulating studies indicate that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are responsible for the BC drugs resistance, causing relapse and metastasis in BC patients. Thus, BCSCs elimination could reverse drug resistance and improve drug efficacy to benefit BC patients. Consequently, mastering the knowledge on the proliferation, resistance mechanisms, and separation of BCSCs in BC therapy is extremely helpful for BCSCs-targeted therapeutic strategies. Herein, we summarize the principal BCSCs surface markers and signaling pathways, and list the BCSCs-related drug resistance mechanisms in chemotherapy (CT), endocrine therapy (ET), and targeted therapy (TT), and display therapeutic strategies for targeting BCSCs to reverse drug resistance in BC. Even more importantly, more attention should be paid to studies on BCSC-targeted strategies to overcome the drug resistant dilemma of clinical therapies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
miR-205 in Breast Cancer: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010027. [PMID: 33375067 PMCID: PMC7792793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its controversial roles in different cancer types, miR-205 has been mainly described as an oncosuppressive microRNA (miRNA), with some contrasting results, in breast cancer. The role of miR-205 in the occurrence or progression of breast cancer has been extensively studied since the first evidence of its aberrant expression in tumor tissues versus normal counterparts. To date, it is known that the expression of miR-205 in the different subtypes of breast cancer is decreasing from the less aggressive subtype, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positive breast cancer, to the more aggressive, triple negative breast cancer, influencing metastasis capability, response to therapy and patient survival. In this review, we summarize the most important discoveries that have highlighted the functional role of this miRNA in breast cancer initiation and progression, in stemness maintenance, in the tumor microenvironment, its potential role as a biomarker and its relevance in normal breast physiology—the still open questions. Finally, emerging evidence reveals the role of some lncRNAs in breast cancer progression as sponges of miR-205. Here, we also reviewed the studies in this field.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kharkar PS. Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Inhibitors in Oncology-A Promise for a Better Therapeutic Outcome: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15279-15307. [PMID: 33325699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells endowed with self-renewal, tumorigenicity, pluripotency, chemoresistance, differentiation, invasive ability, and plasticity, reside in specialized tumor niches and are responsible for tumor maintenance, metastasis, therapy resistance, and tumor relapse. The new-age "hierarchical or CSC" model of tumor heterogeneity is based on the concept of eradicating CSCs to prevent tumor relapse and therapy resistance. Small-molecular entities and biologics acting on various stemness signaling pathways, surface markers, efflux transporters, or components of complex tumor microenvironment are under intense investigation as potential anti-CSC agents. In addition, smart nanotherapeutic tools have proved their utility in achieving CSC targeting. Several CSC inhibitors in clinical development have shown promise, either as mono- or combination therapy, in refractory and difficult-to-treat cancers. Clinical investigations with CSC marker follow-up as a measure of clinical efficacy are needed to turn the "hype" into the "hope" these new-age oncology therapeutics have to offer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S Kharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wanandi SI, Limanto A, Yunita E, Syahrani RA, Louisa M, Wibowo AE, Arumsari S. In silico and in vitro studies on the anti-cancer activity of andrographolide targeting survivin in human breast cancer stem cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240020. [PMID: 33211707 PMCID: PMC7676700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) express high levels of the anti-apoptotic protein, survivin. This study aimed to discover a natural active compound with anti-cancer properties that targeted survivin in human breast cancer stem cells. From the seven examined compounds, andrographolide was selected as a lead compound through in silico molecular docking with survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3. We found that the affinity between andrographolide and survivin is higher than that with caspase-9 and caspase-3. Human CD24-/CD44+ BCSCs were treated with andrographolide in vitro for 24 hours. The cytotoxic effect of andrographolide on BCSCs was compared to that on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The expression of survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3 mRNA was analyzed using qRT-PCR, while Thr34-phosphorylated survivin and total survivin levels were determined using ELISA and Immunoblotting assay. Annexin-V/PI flow cytometry assays were performed to evaluate the apoptotic activity of andrographolide. Our results demonstrate that the CC50 of andrographolide in BCSCs was 0.32mM, whereas there was no cytotoxic effect in MSCs. Moreover, andrographolide decreased survivin and Thr34-phosphorylated survivin, thus inhibiting survivin activation and increasing survivin mRNA in BCSCs. The apoptotic activity of andrographolide was revealed by the increase of caspase-3 mRNA and protein, as well as the increase in both the early and late phases of apoptosis. In conclusion, andrographolide can be considered an anti-cancer compound that targets BCSCs due to its molecular interactions with survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3, which induce apoptosis. We suggest that the binding of andrographolide to survivin is a critical aspect of the effect of andrographolide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Septelia Inawati Wanandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Center for Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Molecular Biology and Proteomic Core Facilities, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Agus Limanto
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elvira Yunita
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Resda Akhra Syahrani
- Molecular Biology and Proteomic Core Facilities, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Melva Louisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Agung Eru Wibowo
- Laboratory for Development of Industrial Agro and Biomedical Technology (LAPTIAB), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Sekar Arumsari
- Molecular Biology and Proteomic Core Facilities, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shi H, Zhao L, Guo X, Fang R, Zhang H, Dong G, Fu J, Yan F, Zhang J, Ning Z, Ma Q, Li Z, Li C, Dai J, Si C, Xiong H. Arctigenin Attenuates Breast Cancer Progression through Decreasing GM-CSF/TSLP/STAT3/β-Catenin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176357. [PMID: 32887217 PMCID: PMC7503539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive breast cancer is highly regulated by tumor-derived cytokines in tumor microenvironment. The development of drugs that specifically target cytokines are promising in breast cancer treatment. In this study, we reported that arctigenin, a bioactive compound from Arctium lappa L., could decrease tumor-promoting cytokines GM-CSF, MMP-3, MMP-9 and TSLP in breast cancer cells. Arctigenin not only inhibited the proliferation, but also the invasion and stemness of breast cancer cells via decreasing GM-CSF and TSLP. Mechanistically, arctigenin decreased the promoter activities of GM-CSF and TSLP via reducing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 which is crucial for the transcription of GM-CSF and TSLP. Furthermore, arctigenin-induced depletion of GM-CSF and TSLP inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and β-catenin signaling resulting in decreased proliferation, invasion and stemness of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which tumor-promoting cytokines regulate breast cancer progression and suggest that arctigenin is a promising candidate for cytokine-targeted breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Luping Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (L.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Xinlin Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (L.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Runping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Jia Fu
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Fenglian Yan
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Zhaochen Ning
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Qun Ma
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Zhihua Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Jun Dai
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Chuanping Si
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-(0537)-3616286 (C.S.); +86-(0537)-3616283 (H.X.)
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-(0537)-3616286 (C.S.); +86-(0537)-3616283 (H.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
García-Heredia JM, Carnero A. Role of Mitochondria in Cancer Stem Cell Resistance. Cells 2020; 9:E1693. [PMID: 32679735 PMCID: PMC7407626 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are associated with the mechanisms of chemoresistance to different cytotoxic drugs or radiotherapy, as well as with tumor relapse and a poor prognosis. Various studies have shown that mitochondria play a central role in these processes because of the ability of this organelle to modify cell metabolism, allowing survival and avoiding apoptosis clearance of cancer cells. Thus, the whole mitochondrial cycle, from its biogenesis to its death, either by mitophagy or by apoptosis, can be targeted by different drugs to reduce mitochondrial fitness, allowing for a restored or increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Once mitochondrial misbalance is induced by a specific drug in any of the processes of mitochondrial metabolism, two elements are commonly boosted: an increment in reactive nitrogen/oxygen species and, subsequently, activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang P, Song D, Wan D, Li L, Mei W, Li X, Han L, Zhu X, Yang L, Cai Y, Zhang R. Ginsenoside panaxatriol reverses TNBC paclitaxel resistance by inhibiting the IRAK1/NF-κB and ERK pathways. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9281. [PMID: 32547883 PMCID: PMC7275687 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paclitaxel (PTX) resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Previously, we have reported that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and its downstream pathways are associated with PTX resistance in TNBC cells. In this study, we sought to investigate the combination treatment of ginsenoside panaxatriol (GPT), one of the main active components in Panax ginseng, with PTX on viability and apoptosis of TNBC PTX resistant cells, and explore the role of IRAK1 mediated signaling pathways in the therapeutic effects. Methods CellTiter-Glo and colony formation assays were used to assess cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to analyze subG1 and apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect expressions of proteins involved in apoptosis and the IRAK1/NF-κB and ERK pathways. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, S100A7/8/9 and cancer stem cell (CSC)-related genes were examined by qPCR. Stem cells were identified by tumor sphere assay. Cell invasion ability was examined by transwell assay. Results We show that GPT inhibits MDA-MB-231 PTX resistant (MB231-PR) cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. When combined with PTX, GPT synergistically causes more cell death, induces subG1 accumulation and cell apoptosis. Besides, up-regulation of BAX/BCL-2 ratio, and down-regulation of MCL-1 are also observed. Moreover, this combination inhibits IRAK1, NF-κB and ERK1/2 activation, and leads to down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL8, CXCL1, CCL2), S100A7/9 and CSC-related genes (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, ALDH1, CD44) expression. In addition, the combination treatment suppresses MB231-PR cell invasion ability, and impairs tumor sphere growth both in MB231-PR and SUM159 PTX resistant (SUM159-PR) cells. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that GPT can resensitize TNBC PTX resistant cells to PTX by inhibiting the IRAK1/NF-κB and ERK pathways and reducing stem cell characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Song
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danhong Wan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Mei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Han
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Safa AR. Resistance to drugs and cell death in cancer stem cells (CSCs). JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:341. [PMID: 35330670 PMCID: PMC8941648 DOI: 10.15761/jts.1000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are resistant to cancer chemotherapeutic agents, radiation, and cell death. Moreover, autophagy provides the cytoprotective effect which contributes to drug resistance in these cells. Furthermore, much evidence shows that CSCs cause tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. Various signaling pathways including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), NOTCH1, and Wnt/β-catenin as well as the CSC markers maintain CSC properties. Several mechanisms including overexpression of ABC multidrug resistance transporters, a deficiency in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, upregulation of c-FLIP, overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), and PI3K/AKT signaling contribute to enhancing resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and cell death induction in CSCs in various cancers. Studying such pathways may help provide detailed understanding of CSC mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and apoptosis and may lead to the development of effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Safa
- Correspondence to: Ahmad R. Safa, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 635 Barnhill, Dr. MS A416, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pesarrodona M, Sánchez-García L, Seras-Franzoso J, Sánchez-Chardi A, Baltá-Foix R, Cámara-Sánchez P, Gener P, Jara JJ, Pulido D, Serna N, Schwartz S, Royo M, Villaverde A, Abasolo I, Vazquez E. Engineering a Nanostructured Nucleolin-Binding Peptide for Intracellular Drug Delivery in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5381-5388. [PMID: 31840972 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Five peptide ligands of four different cell surface receptors (nucleolin, CXCR1, CMKLR1, and CD44v6) have been evaluated as targeting moieties for triple-negative human breast cancers. Among them, the peptide F3, derived from phage display, promotes the fast and efficient internalization of a genetically fused green fluorescent protein (GFP) inside MDA-MB-231 cancer stem cells in a specific receptor-dependent fashion. The further engineering of this protein into the modular construct F3-RK-GFP-H6 and the subsequent construct F3-RK-PE24-H6 resulted in self-assembling polypeptides that organize as discrete and regular nanoparticles. These materials, 15-20 nm in size, show enhanced nucleolin-dependent cell penetrability. We show that the F3-RK-PE24-H6, based on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PE24) as a core functional domain, is highly cytotoxic over target cells. The combination of F3, the cationic peptide (RK)n, and the toxin domain PE24 in such unusual presentation appears as a promising approach to cell-targeted drug carriers in breast cancers and addresses selective drug delivery in otherwise difficult-to-treat triple-negative breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Pesarrodona
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | | | | | | | - Patricia Cámara-Sánchez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Petra Gener
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - José Juan Jara
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Daniel Pulido
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
- Multivalent Systems for Nanomedicine , Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) , Barcelona , 08034 , Spain
| | - Naroa Serna
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Simó Schwartz
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Miriam Royo
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
- Multivalent Systems for Nanomedicine , Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) , Barcelona , 08034 , Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Esther Vazquez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sumransub N, Jirapongwattana N, Jamjuntra P, Thongchot S, Chieochansin T, Yenchitsomanus PT, Thuwajit P, Warnnissorn M, O-Charoenrat P, Thuwajit C. Breast cancer stem cell RNA-pulsed dendritic cells enhance tumor cell killing by effector T cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2422-2430. [PMID: 32194742 PMCID: PMC7038997 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) underpin the resistance of breast cancer (BC) cells to therapy. Dendritic cell (DC)-based treatment is efficacious and safe, but the efficiency of this technique for targeting CSCs in BC treatment requires further investigation. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of DCs pulsed with breast CSC antigens to activate effector lymphocytes for killing BC cells. CD44+/CD24− CSCs were isolated from BCA55-121, an in-house patient-derived BC cell line, and acquisition of stemness properties was confirmed by upregulated expression of OCT4A and a superior proliferative capacity in colony formation assays compared with whole population of BCA55-121 (BCA55-121-WP). DCs were differentiated from monocytes from peripheral blood of healthy donors and pulsed with CSC total RNA. Maturation of the CSC RNA-pulsed DCs was confirmed by increased expression of CD11c, CD40, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR, as well as reduced CD14 expression compared with monocytes. Total lymphocytes co-cultured with CSC RNA-pulsed DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry for markers including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16 and CD56. The results revealed that the co-cultures contained mostly cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes followed by CD4+ T lymphocytes and smaller populations of natural killer (NK) and NKT cells. ELISA was used to measure IFN-γ production, and it was revealed that activated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes produced more IFN-γ compared with naïve T cells, suggesting that CD8+ T cells were effector T cells. CSC RNA was a more efficient antigen source compared with RNA from mixed BC cells for activating tumor antigen-specific killing by T cells. These CSC-specific effector T cells significantly induced BC cell apoptosis at a 20:1 effector T cell:tumor cell ratio. Of note, the breast CSCs cultures demonstrated resistance to effector T cell killing, which was in part due to increased expression of programmed death ligand 1 in the CSC population. The present study highlights the potential use of CSC RNA for priming DCs in modulating an anticancer immune response against BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuttavut Sumransub
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Niphat Jirapongwattana
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pranisa Jamjuntra
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Suyanee Thongchot
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Thaweesak Chieochansin
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.,Department of Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (siCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.,Department of Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (siCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Peti Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Malee Warnnissorn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pornchai O-Charoenrat
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hass R, von der Ohe J, Ungefroren H. Potential Role of MSC/Cancer Cell Fusion and EMT for Breast Cancer Stem Cell Formation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101432. [PMID: 31557960 PMCID: PMC6826868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors comprise of maturated cancer cells and self-renewing cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which are associated with various other nontumorigenic cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. In addition to immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and further cell types, mesenchymal stroma/stem-like cells (MSC) represent an important cell population recruited to tumor sites and predominantly interacting with the different cancer cells. Breast cancer models were among the first to reveal distinct properties of CSCs, however, the cellular process(es) through which these cells are generated, maintained, and expanded within neoplastic tissues remains incompletely understood. Here, we discuss several possible scenarios that are not mutually exclusive but may even act synergistically: fusion of cancer cells with MSC to yield hybrid cells and/or the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells by MSC, which can relay signals for retrodifferentiation and eventually, the generation of breast CSCs (BCSCs). In either case, the consequences may be promotion of self-renewal capacity, tumor cell plasticity and heterogeneity, an increase in the cancer cells’ invasive and metastatic potential, and the acquisition of resistance mechanisms towards chemo- or radiotherapy. While specific signaling mechanisms involved in each of these properties remain to be elucidated, the present review article focusses on a potential involvement of cancer cell fusion and EMT in the development of breast cancer stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Juliane von der Ohe
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pan Y, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Tao X, Liu J, Xiao GG. CTAB Enhances Chemo-Sensitivity Through Activation of AMPK Signaling Cascades in Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:843. [PMID: 31402869 PMCID: PMC6676472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is thought to be one of the initiators in cancer drug resistance. It has been shown that CTAB is capable of interfering the efficiency of cancer therapy by regulation of cell metabolic reprogramming. In this study, we hypothesized that AMPK as a key metabolic regulator plays a crucial role in regulation of breast cancer drug resistance, which could be alleviated by treatment of CTAB. We observed that CTAB can improve the DOX sensitivity of the breast cancer cells by inhibition of the ATP-dependent drug-efflux pump P-gp complex through activation of the AMPK-HIF-1α-P-gp cascades. The CTAB effect was also confirmed in vivo showing low systemic toxicity. Taken together, our results showed that CTAB sensitized drug resistance of breast cancer to DOX chemotherapy by activating AMPK signaling cascades both in vitro and in vivo, suggested that CTAB may be developed as a promising and novel chemosensitizer and chemotherapeutic candidate for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yunqiu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jianzhou Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Functional Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rodriguez D, Ramkairsingh M, Lin X, Kapoor A, Major P, Tang D. The Central Contributions of Breast Cancer Stem Cells in Developing Resistance to Endocrine Therapy in Estrogen Receptor (ER)-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071028. [PMID: 31336602 PMCID: PMC6678134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) play critical roles in the acquisition of resistance to endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (ER + ve) breast cancer (BC). The resistance results from complex alterations involving ER, growth factor receptors, NOTCH, Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog, YAP/TAZ, and the tumor microenvironment. These mechanisms are likely converged on regulating BCSCs, which then drive the development of endocrine therapy resistance. In this regard, hormone therapies enrich BCSCs in ER + ve BCs under both pre-clinical and clinical settings along with upregulation of the core components of “stemness” transcriptional factors including SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4. SOX2 initiates a set of reactions involving SOX9, Wnt, FXY3D, and Src tyrosine kinase; these reactions stimulate BCSCs and contribute to endocrine resistance. The central contributions of BCSCs to endocrine resistance regulated by complex mechanisms offer a unified strategy to counter the resistance. ER + ve BCs constitute approximately 75% of BCs to which hormone therapy is the major therapeutic approach. Likewise, resistance to endocrine therapy remains the major challenge in the management of patients with ER + ve BC. In this review we will discuss evidence supporting a central role of BCSCs in developing endocrine resistance and outline the strategy of targeting BCSCs to reduce hormone therapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Marc Ramkairsingh
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Pierre Major
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8V 5C2, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fiorentino S, Urueña C, Lasso P, Prieto K, Barreto A. [Effect of miskleron (clofibrate) on dimethylhydrazine induction of intestinal tumors in rats]. Front Oncol 1981; 10:1334. [PMID: 32850424 PMCID: PMC7426739 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we report on the complexity of breast cancer stem cells as key cells in the emergence of a chemoresistant tumor phenotype, and as a result, the appearance of distant metastasis in breast cancer patients. The search for mechanisms that increase sensitivity to chemotherapy and also allow activation of the tumor-specific immune response is of high priority. As we observed throughout this review, natural products isolated or in standardized extracts, such as P2Et or others, could act synergistically, increasing tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy, recovering the tumor microenvironment, and participating in the induction of a specific immune response. This, in turn, would lead to the destruction of cancer stem cells and the decrease in metastasis. Source of Data: Relevant studies were found using the following keywords or medical subject headings (MeSH) in PubMed, and Google Scholar: “immune response” and “polyphenols” and “natural products” and “BCSC” and “therapy” and “metabolism” and “immunogenic cell death.” The focus was primarily on the most recent scientific publication.
Collapse
|