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Salminen A. AMPK signaling inhibits the differentiation of myofibroblasts: impact on age-related tissue fibrosis and degeneration. Biogerontology 2024; 25:83-106. [PMID: 37917219 PMCID: PMC10794430 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and an accumulation of fibrotic lesions within tissues are two of the distinctive hallmarks of the aging process. Tissue fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells which display an impressive plasticity in the regulation of ECM integrity and thus on tissue homeostasis. Single-cell transcriptome studies have revealed that tissue fibroblasts exhibit a remarkable heterogeneity with aging and in age-related diseases. Excessive stress and inflammatory insults induce the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts which are fusiform contractile cells and abundantly secrete the components of the ECM and proteolytic enzymes as well as many inflammatory mediators. Detrimental stresses can also induce the transdifferentiation of certain mesenchymal and myeloid cells into myofibroblasts. Interestingly, many age-related stresses, such as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses, ECM stiffness, inflammatory mediators, telomere shortening, and several alarmins from damaged cells are potent inducers of myofibroblast differentiation. Intriguingly, there is convincing evidence that the signaling pathways stimulated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are potent inhibitors of myofibroblast differentiation and accordingly AMPK signaling reduces fibrotic lesions within tissues, e.g., in age-related cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis. AMPK signaling is not only an important regulator of energy metabolism but it is also able to control cell fate determination and many functions of the immune system. It is known that AMPK signaling can delay the aging process via an integrated signaling network. AMPK signaling inhibits myofibroblast differentiation, e.g., by suppressing signaling through the TGF-β, NF-κB, STAT3, and YAP/TAZ pathways. It seems that AMPK signaling can alleviate age-related tissue fibrosis and degeneration by inhibiting the differentiation of myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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2
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Hajialiasgary Najafabadi A, Soheilifar MH, Masoudi-Khoram N. Exosomes in skin photoaging: biological functions and therapeutic opportunity. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:32. [PMID: 38217034 PMCID: PMC10785444 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles secreted by most cell types, which are filled with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (non-coding RNAs, mRNA, DNA), can be released by donor cells to subsequently modulate the function of recipient cells. Skin photoaging is the premature aging of the skin structures over time due to repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) which is evidenced by dyspigmentation, telangiectasias, roughness, rhytides, elastosis, and precancerous changes. Exosomes are associated with aging-related processes including, oxidative stress, inflammation, and senescence. Anti-aging features of exosomes have been implicated in various in vitro and pre-clinical studies. Stem cell-derived exosomes can restore skin physiological function and regenerate or rejuvenate damaged skin tissue through various mechanisms such as decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), increased collagen and elastin production, and modulation of intracellular signaling pathways as well as, intercellular communication. All these evidences are promising for the therapeutic potential of exosomes in skin photoaging. This review aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms and the effects of exosomes in photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Hajialiasgary Najafabadi
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Research Group Translational Epigenetics, University of Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Nastaran Masoudi-Khoram
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Farhana S, Kai YC, Kadir R, Sulaiman WAW, Nordin NA, Nasir NAM. The fate of adipose tissue and adipose-derived stem cells in allograft. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:269-292. [PMID: 37624425 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing adipose tissue and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) turned into a promising field of allograft in recent years. The therapeutic potential of adipose tissue and ADSCs is governed by their molecular secretions, ability to sustain multi-differentiation and self-renewal which are pivotal in reconstructive, genetic diseases, and cosmetic goals. However, revisiting the existing functional capacity of adipose tissue and ADSCs and their intricate relationship with allograft is crucial to figure out the remarkable question of safety to use in allograft due to the growing evidence of interactions between tumor microenvironment and ADSCs. For instance, the molecular secretions of adipose tissue and ADSCs induce angiogenesis, create growth factors, and control the inflammatory response; it has now been well determined. Though the existing preclinical allograft studies gave positive feedback, ADSCs and adipose tissue are attracted by some factors of tumor stroma. Moreover, allorecognition is pivotal to allograft rejection which is carried out by costimulation in a complement-dependent way and leads to the destruction of the donor cells. However, extensive preclinical trials of adipose tissue and ADSCs in allograft at molecular level are still limited. Hence, comprehensive immunomodulatory analysis could ensure the successful allograft of adipose tissue and ADSCs avoiding the oncological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Farhana
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yew Chun Kai
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ramlah Kadir
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Azman Wan Sulaiman
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Asyikin Nordin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azida Mohd Nasir
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Corduff N, Lowe S. Hi5 Protocol for the Use of Microfocused Ultrasound with Visualization. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e5184. [PMID: 37583398 PMCID: PMC10424899 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU-V) is used for lifting and tightening of facial tissues. Standard protocols are completed in a single session. Despite excellent outcomes, we identified several barriers of entry for a significant number of patients. Therefore, we devised an individualized pan-facial protocol that is delivered as a series of short, intense treatments to address these issues. Methods We enrolled 12 participants with mild-to-moderate skin and fibromuscular laxity to receive one superficial and one deep pass per visit (average 280 lines). Qualitative improvements were rated by both patients and physicians at 6 or 10 months due to COVID-19 delays. Changes in the submentum and eyebrow heights were quantified. Results Ten patients (age range: 31-61 years) underwent an average of four MFU-V treatments. Two patients were excluded after massive weight gain. Skin and fibromuscular ptosis and overall soft tissue laxity improved in all patients. Mean brow height increased by 1.7 mm, whereas the mean submental lift was 78.7 mm2. All patients and treating physicians rated an improvement in appearance, whereas independent physicians rated improvements in 87% of cases. Four patients self-rated as "markedly improved." Pain was rated at up to 6.2 (out of 10). Although mask-wearing was mandatory, loss of elasticity, wrinkles, and skin roughness all improved. Superficial welts (n = 5), erythema (n = 3), tenderness (n = 3), and mild bruising (n = 2) occurred, but all resolved within a few days and no severe or permanent adverse events occurred. Conclusion The Hi5 protocol was noninferior to standard single-session protocols and improved brow heights and submental lifting.
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Sakamoto K, Watanabe C, Masutani T, Hirasawa A, Wakamatsu K, Iddamalgoda A, Kakumu Y, Yamauchi K, Mitsunaga T. Arnica montana L. extract containing 6-O-methacryloylhelenalin and 6-O-isobutyrylhelenalin accelerates growth and differentiation of human subcutaneous preadipocytes and leads volumizing of skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:1-13. [PMID: 35984685 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An important factor in the aging of the face is a reduction in the volume of adipose tissue. This reduction in adipose tissue contributes to decreased skin elasticity, which is also part of the aging process. Overall, these lead to wrinkle formation. Fat injection is a common means of addressing this issue and is used to reduce the effects of aging on the face and to increase the fullness of the lips and breasts. However, fat injection is an invasive surgical procedure. This study aimed to discover novel cosmetic ingredients that increase the volume of subcutaneous (pre)adipocytes to create the appearance of more youthful skin. METHODS We focused on the number of subcutaneous preadipocytes and the accumulation of lipid droplets. To discover natural ingredients that increase both of these, extracts of 380 natural products were prepared and screened for their effects on both growth and differentiation (i.e., lipid droplet accumulation) of human subcutaneous preadipocytes. One extract was found to have the desired effects, and this was further studied to determine the active compounds. We then evaluated its efficacy in a human clinical study. RESULTS We found that Arnica montana L. flower extract (AFE) accelerates both the growth and the differentiation of human subcutaneous preadipocytes. AFE was found to significantly increase the volume of adipocyte spheroids. The active compounds 6-O-methacryloylhelenalin and 6-O-isobutyrylhelenalin were found to be responsible for the effects of AFE on preadipocytes. In a human clinical study, gels containing 1% AFE successfully enhanced the volume of the lips and face with reduction of wrinkles with no adverse reactions. CONCLUSION This is the first report to demonstrate that AFE and the included compounds, 6-O-methacryloylhelenalin and 6-O-isobutyrylhelenalin, act on preadipocytes. AFE would be ideal for use in products that plump the face to reduce wrinkles and create a more youthful appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sakamoto
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
| | - Chiharu Watanabe
- Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Teruaki Masutani
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
| | - Asuka Hirasawa
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
| | - Kanae Wakamatsu
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Yuya Kakumu
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kosei Yamauchi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tohru Mitsunaga
- Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Aronowitz JA, Oheb D, Cai N, Pekcan A, Winterhalter B, Clayton J. Esthetic Surgery Applications for Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-75517-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Domingo P, Giralt M, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Blasco-Roset A, Delgado-Anglés A, Gallego-Escuredo JM, Gutiérrez MDM, Mateo MG, Cereijo R, Domingo JC, Villarroya F, Villarroya J. Adipose tissue aging partially accounts for fat alterations in HIV lipodystrophy. Adipocyte 2022; 11:143-152. [PMID: 35300561 PMCID: PMC8942446 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2042962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophy is a major disturbance in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Several systemic alterations in PLWH are reminiscent of those that occur in ageing. It is unknown whether the lipodystrophy in PLWH is the consequence of accelerated ageing in adipose tissue. We compared systemic and adipose tissue disturbances in PLWH with those in healthy elderly individuals (~80 y old). We observed similarly enhanced expression of inflammation-related genes and decreased autophagy in adipose tissues from elderly individuals and PLWH. Indications of repressed adipogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction were found specifically in PLWH, whereas reduced telomere length and signs of senesce were specific to elderly individuals. We conclude that ageing of adipose tissue accounts only partially for the alterations in adipose tissues of PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Domingo
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad Y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad Y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Blasco-Roset
- Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Delgado-Anglés
- Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Miguel Gallego-Escuredo
- Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Gutiérrez
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Gracia Mateo
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad Y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Domingo
- Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad Y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad Y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Marucci G, Buccioni M, Varlaro V, Volpini R, Amenta F. The possible role of the nucleoside adenosine in countering skin aging: A review. Biofactors 2022; 48:1027-1035. [PMID: 35979986 PMCID: PMC9804842 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin aging is a complex biological process. Skin aspect is considered as a sign of well-being and of beauty. In view of this, noninvasive and/or minimally invasive anti-aging strategies were developed. Adenosine, a well-known nucleoside, may play a role in skin rejuvenation. Adenosine receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptors superfamily and are divided into four subtypes: A1 , A2A , A2B , and A3 . The adenosine receptors expressed by skin are mainly the A1 and A2A subtypes. In the hypodermis, adenosine through the A1 receptor stimulates lipogenesis and adipogenesis. In the dermis, adenosine through the A2A receptor subtype stimulates collagen production. Moreover, the nucleoside increases new DNA synthesis and subsequently protein synthesis in dermal cells. Activation of adenosine receptors by interacting with various skin layers may induce a decrease in the amount of wrinkles, roughness, dryness, and laxity. This article has reviewed the mechanisms through which adenosine modulates biological mechanisms in the skin tissues and the effect of preparations containing adenosine or its derivatives on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Marucci
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, Master in Aesthetic Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | - Michela Buccioni
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, Master in Aesthetic Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | - Vincenzo Varlaro
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, Master in Aesthetic Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, Master in Aesthetic Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, Master in Aesthetic Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
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Li H, Konja D, Wang L, Wang Y. Sex Differences in Adiposity and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169338. [PMID: 36012601 PMCID: PMC9409326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fat distribution is a well-established predictor of adverse medical outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. Studying body fat distribution sheds insights into the causes of obesity and provides valuable information about the development of various comorbidities. Compared to total adiposity, body fat distribution is more closely associated with risks of cardiovascular diseases. The present review specifically focuses on the sexual dimorphism in body fat distribution, the biological clues, as well as the genetic traits that are distinct from overall obesity. Understanding the sex determinations on body fat distribution and adiposity will aid in the improvement of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
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10
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Oh S, Kim HM, Batsukh S, Sun HJ, Kim T, Kang D, Son KH, Byun K. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Induces Adipogenesis via Control of Cilia in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168866. [PMID: 36012125 PMCID: PMC9408610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During skin aging, the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) and the adipogenesis potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) decrease. It is known that the shortening of cilia length by pro-inflammatory cytokines is related to the decreased adipogenic differentiation of ASCs via increase in Wnt5a/β-catenin. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is known to upregulate heat shock proteins (HSP), which decrease levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we evaluated whether HIFU modulates the cilia of ASCs by upregulating HSP70 and decreasing inflammatory cytokines. HIFU was applied at 0.2 J to rat skin, which was harvested at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. All results for HIFU-applied animals were compared with control animals that were not treated. HIFU increased expression of HSP70 and decreased expression of NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α in sWAT. HIFU decreased the expression of cilia disassembly-related factors (AurA and HDAC9) in ASCs. Furthermore, HIFU increased the expression of cilia assembly-related factors (KIF3A and IFT88), decreased that of WNT5A/β-catenin, and increased that of the adipogenesis markers PPARγ and CEBPα in sWAT. HIFU increased the number of adipocytes in the sWAT and the thickness of sWAT. In conclusion, HIFU could selectively increase sWAT levels by modulating the cilia of ASCs and be used for skin rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hyoung Moon Kim
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
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Park J, Lee DH, Ham S, Oh J, Noh JR, Lee YK, Park YJ, Lee G, Han SM, Han JS, Kim YY, Jeon YG, Nahmgoong H, Shin KC, Kim SM, Choi SH, Lee CH, Park J, Roh TY, Kim S, Kim JB. Targeted erasure of DNA methylation by TET3 drives adipogenic reprogramming and differentiation. Nat Metab 2022; 4:918-931. [PMID: 35788760 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic modification in the establishment of cell-type-specific characteristics. However, how DNA methylation is selectively reprogrammed at adipocyte-specific loci during adipogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that the transcription factor, C/EBPδ, and the DNA methylation eraser, TET3, cooperatively control adipocyte differentiation. We perform whole-genome bisulfite sequencing to explore the dynamics and regulatory mechanisms of DNA methylation in adipocyte differentiation. During adipogenesis, DNA methylation selectively decreases at adipocyte-specific loci carrying the C/EBP binding motif, which correlates with the activity of adipogenic promoters and enhancers. Mechanistically, we find that C/EBPδ recruits a DNA methylation eraser, TET3, to catalyse DNA demethylation at the C/EBP binding motif and stimulate the expression of key adipogenic genes. Ectopic expression of TET3 potentiates in vitro and in vivo adipocyte differentiation and recovers downregulated adipogenic potential, which is observed in aged mice and humans. Taken together, our study highlights how targeted reprogramming of DNA methylation through cooperative action of the transcription factor C/EBPδ, and the DNA methylation eraser TET3, controls adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeu Park
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do Hoon Lee
- Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seokjin Ham
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Bioengineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Park
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gung Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Mun Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Seul Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Nahmgoong
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Cheul Shin
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Bioengineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Tae Young Roh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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12
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Photoaging: UV radiation-induced inflammation and immunosuppression accelerate the aging process in the skin. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:817-831. [PMID: 35748903 PMCID: PMC9307547 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive exposure of the skin to UV radiation (UVR) triggers a remodeling of the immune system and leads to the photoaging state which is reminiscent of chronological aging. Over 30 years ago, it was observed that UVR induced an immunosuppressive state which inhibited skin contact hypersensitivity. Methods Original and review articles encompassing inflammation and immunosuppression in the photoaging and chronological aging processes were examined from major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results Currently it is known that UVR treatment can trigger a cellular senescence and inflammatory state in the skin. Chronic low-grade inflammation stimulates a counteracting immunosuppression involving an expansion of immunosuppressive cells, e.g., regulatory T cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and regulatory dendritic cells (DCreg). This increased immunosuppressive activity not only suppresses the function of effector immune cells, a state called immunosenescence, but it also induces bystander degeneration of neighboring cells. Interestingly, the chronological aging process also involves an accumulation of pro-inflammatory senescent cells and signs of chronic low-grade inflammation, called inflammaging. There is also clear evidence that inflammaging is associated with an increase in anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities which promote immunosenescence. Conclusion It seems that photoaging and normal aging evoke similar processes driven by the remodeling of the immune system. However, it is likely that there are different molecular mechanisms inducing inflammation and immunosuppression in the accelerated photoaging and the chronological aging processes.
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Kerscher M, Wagner-Schiffler S, Noah EM, Fischer T, Greiner-Krüger D, Sattler S, Kaptan T, Drabik A, Hamed G, Reinecke J, Wehling J. Cell-Free Blood Cell Secretome (BCS) Counteracts Skin Aging: Multi-Center Prospective Regenerative Aesthetic Medicine Study Using Exokine®. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:1157-1173. [PMID: 35784268 PMCID: PMC9248816 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s357810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The “Inflammation Theory of Ageing” identifies pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage as one cause of cellular and mitochondrial deterioration and aging. Cell-free blood cell secretome (BCS) also known as autologous conditioned serum (ACS) has shown anti-inflammatory and regenerative mode of action in musculoskeletal disorders and radicular compression. Aim To confirm that BCS can improve signs of skin aging from a previous study in a multi-center setting. Methods Prospective, one-armed, multi-center interventional therapeutic study. Ninety-five women with skin firmness loss were treated with four intra-dermal injection sessions in both cheeks at 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks. BCS was processed with Exokine® medical device according to manufacturer’s instructions. Primary endpoints were cutometric R0 and R3 at 12 and 24 weeks. GAIS, FACE-QTM, Patient Attractivity Self-Assessment and safety were evaluated. Results Mean skin firmness (R0) improved significantly from baseline 0.40 mm to 0.38 mm at week 12 and to 0.36 mm at week 24. Mean skin tiring (R3) improved significantly from baseline 0.45 mm to 0.42 mm at week 12 and to 0.40 at week 24. FACE-QTM “Satisfaction with Skin” significantly improved from baseline to weeks 12, 24 and 48. So did “Satisfaction with Facial Appearance” and “Psychological and Social Function”. “Satisfaction with Decision” and “Satisfaction with Outcome” were stable at week 24 and 48. At week 48 patients assessed their age 1.68 years younger vs Baseline. FACE-QTM aging appraisal improves from Baseline 52.94 to 65.23 at week 48. GAIS, by both physicians and patients, confirm improvement of skin. Conclusion For up to 48 weeks four intra-dermal injections with cell-free BCS increase facial skin firmness and resilience to tiring and patients’ satisfaction with their facial appearance and skin. Patients perceive their face as younger. BCS has the ability to sustainably rejuvenate facial skin safely. Study Registration Registration on German clinical trials register: DRKS00013014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kerscher
- Division of Cosmetic Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Glyn Hamed
- Practice Dr. Wehling and Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: Glyn Hamed, Email
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de Bengy AF, Lamartine J, Sigaudo-Roussel D, Fromy B. Newborn and elderly skin: two fragile skins at higher risk of pressure injury. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:874-895. [PMID: 34913582 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin is a key organ maintaining internal homeostasis by performing many functions such as water loss prevention, body temperature regulation and protection from noxious substance absorption, microorganism intrusion and physical trauma. Skin ageing has been well studied and it is well known that physiological changes in the elderly result in higher skin fragility favouring the onset of skin diseases. For example, prolonged and/or high-intensity pressure may suppress local blood flow more easily, disturbing cell metabolism and inducing pressure injury (PI) formation. Pressure injuries (PIs) represent a significant problem worldwide and their prevalence remains too high. A higher PI prevalence is correlated with an elderly population. Newborn skin evolution has been less studied, but some data also report a higher PI prevalence in this population compared to older children, and several authors also consider this skin as physiologically fragile. In this review, we compare the characteristics of newborn and elderly skin in order to determine common features that may explain their fragility, especially regarding PI risk. We show that, despite differences in appearance, they share many common features leading to higher fragility to shear and pressure forces, not only at the structural level but also at the cellular and molecular level and in terms of physiology. Both newborn and elderly skin have: (i) a thinner epidermis; (ii) a thinner dermis containing a less-resistant collagen network, a higher collagen III:collagen I ratio and less elastin; (iii) a flatter dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) with lower anchoring systems; and (iv) a thinner hypodermis, resulting in lower mechanical resistance to skin damage when pressure or shear forces are applied. At the molecular level, reduced expression of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and its receptor TGFβ receptor II (TβRII) is involved in the decreased production and/or increased degradation of various dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Epidermal fragility also involves a higher skin pH which decreases the activity of key enzymes inducing ceramide deficiency and reduced barrier protection. This seems to be correlated with higher PI prevalence in some situations. Some data also suggest that stratum corneum (SC) dryness, which may disturb cell metabolism, also increases the risk of PI formation. Besides this structural fragility, several skin functions are also less efficient. Low applied pressures induce skin vessel vasodilation via a mechanism called pressure-induced vasodilation (PIV). Individuals lacking a normal PIV response show an early decrease in cutaneous blood flow in response to the application of very low pressures, reflecting vascular fragility of the skin that increases the risk of ulceration. Due to changes in endothelial function, skin PIV ability decreases during skin ageing, putting it at higher risk of PI formation. In newborns, some data lead us to hypothesize that the nitric oxide (NO) pathway is not fully functional at birth, which may partly explain the higher risk of PI formation in newborns. In the elderly, a lower PIV ability results from impaired functionality of skin innervation, in particular that of C-fibres which are involved in both touch and pain sensation and the PIV mechanism. In newborns, skin sensitivity differs from adults due to nerve system immaturity, but the role of this in PIV remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Lamartine
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR5305, 7 Passage du Vercors, Lyon Cedex 7, F- 69367, France
| | - Dominique Sigaudo-Roussel
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR5305, 7 Passage du Vercors, Lyon Cedex 7, F- 69367, France
| | - Bérengère Fromy
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR5305, 7 Passage du Vercors, Lyon Cedex 7, F- 69367, France
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15
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Application of Nonsurgical Modalities in Improving Facial Aging. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:8332631. [PMID: 35251183 PMCID: PMC8894069 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8332631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. This review aims to summarize different kinds of applications of minimally invasive surgery in improving facial aging to provide a comprehensive and accurate introduction on the issue of esthetic treatment of facial skin. Overview. In the twentieth century, facial rejuvenation has become a new beauty trend. Facial cosmetology has entered a period of antiaging and rejuvenation therapies and microplastic surgery. The pursuit of beauty has promoted the development of minimally invasive plastic surgery. This review introduces the possible causes of facial aging and its related topics with a focus on facial injectable drugs, such as botulinum toxin, main filler materials (hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxyapatite, poly L-lactic acid, collagen, autologous fat, and polymethyl methacrylate), and some current antiwrinkle technologies, such as thread lift and radiofrequency rhytidectomy. Conclusions. Despite the difference in mechanisms of action, each technique can address facial aging involving the loss of collagen, displacement and enlargement of fat, and muscle relaxation. Combinations of these treatments can provide patients with reasonable, comprehensive, and personalized treatment plans.
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16
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Fakih-Gomez N, Kadouch J. Combining Calcium Hydroxylapatite and Hyaluronic Acid Fillers for Aesthetic Indications: Efficacy of an Innovative Hybrid Filler. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:373-381. [PMID: 34341855 PMCID: PMC8831259 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Limited data are available describing effectiveness of combining the use of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) and hyaluronic acid (HA). Methods The authors performed a retrospective chart review of patients injected with a premixed combination of CaHA and a cohesive polydensified matrix (CPM®) HA (CaHA:CPM-HA ) in the authors’ aesthetic practices. The midface and lower face were injected. Patients’ records were evaluated, and treatment results were scored using the Merz Aesthetics Scale for the jawline® (clinician rated, CR-MASJ). Adverse events were recorded. Results A total of 41 patients were included, all females with a mean age of 47.5 years (range 21–63 years). The mean CR-MASJ score improved from 2.12 at baseline to 0.68 at t = 3 months (SD = 0.69, 95% CI 1.28–1.60) and 1.27 at t = 12 months (SD = 0.74, 95% CI 0.43–0.74). 100% of the subjects had experienced a ≥1-point improvement in CR-MASJ score at t = 3 months, versus 85% at t = 12 months. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion The results of this study support the volumizing and lifting potential of the hybrid mix CaHA:CPM-HA for treatment of cheeks and jawline. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Fakih-Gomez
- Department of Facial Plastic & Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Fakih Hospital, Khaizaran, Lebanon
| | - Jonathan Kadouch
- Practice for Aesthetic Dermatology, ReSculpt Clinic, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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17
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Jussila AR, Zhang B, Caves E, Kirti S, Steele M, Hamburg-Shields E, Lydon J, Ying Y, Lafyatis R, Rajagopalan S, Horsley V, Atit RP. Skin Fibrosis and Recovery Is Dependent on Wnt Activation via DPP4. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1597-1606.e9. [PMID: 34808238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the life-threatening, excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix and is sometimes associated with a loss of lipid-filled cells in the skin and other organs. Understanding the mechanisms of fibrosis and associated lipodystrophy and their reversal may reveal new targets for therapeutic intervention. In vivo genetic models are needed to identify key targets that induce recovery from established fibrosis. Wnt signaling is activated in animal and human fibrotic diseases across organs. Here, we developed a genetically inducible and reversible Wnt activation model and showed that it is sufficient to cause fibrotic dermal remodeling, including extracellular matrix expansion and shrinking of dermal adipocytes. Upon withdrawal from Wnt activation, Wnt-induced fibrotic remodeling was reversed in mouse skin-fully restoring skin architecture. Next, we demonstrated CD26/ DPP4 is a Wnt/β-catenin-responsive gene and a functional mediator of fibrotic transformation. We provide genetic evidence that the Wnt/DPP4 axis is required to drive fibrotic dermal remodeling and is associated with human skin fibrosis severity. Remarkably, DPP4 inhibitors can be repurposed to accelerate recovery from established Wnt-induced fibrosis. Collectively, this study identifies Wnt/DPP4 axis as a key driver of extracellular matrix homeostasis and dermal fat loss, providing therapeutic avenues to manipulate the onset and reversal of tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Jussila
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth Caves
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sakin Kirti
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Miarasa Steele
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Hamburg-Shields
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute (HHVI), Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Radhika P Atit
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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18
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Shah P, Luximon Y. Assessment of pressure sensitivity in the head region for Chinese adults. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 97:103548. [PMID: 34391990 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of pressure threshold has found its applications in the fields of medical sciences and product design. Hence it has been a profound area of research interest for several decades. However, hardly any detailed investigation has been undertaken to measure the pressure threshold in the head region. In this study, Pressure Discomfort Threshold (PDT) and Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) were measured for two hundred eighteen healthy Chinese adults at seventy-six anatomical locations, and further statistical analyses were performed on the acquired data to understand the relationship between different demographic parameters. The results suggest that the pressure sensitivity is low in the vertex region, moderate in the forehead and temporal area, and high in the facial and nasal region. From this study, pressure sensitivity maps were developed for PDT and PPT for Chinese adults. The measured pressure threshold data showed no significant relationship with age and Body Mass Index (BMI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Shah
- School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yan Luximon
- School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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19
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Pils V, Ring N, Valdivieso K, Lämmermann I, Gruber F, Schosserer M, Grillari J, Ogrodnik M. Promises and challenges of senolytics in skin regeneration, pathology and ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111588. [PMID: 34678388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The research of the last two decades has defined a crucial role of cellular senescence in both the physiology and pathology of skin, and senescent cells have been detected in conditions including development, regeneration, aging, and disease. The pathophysiology of cellular senescence in skin is complex as the phenotype of senescence pertains to several different cell types including fibroblasts, keratinocytes and melanocytes, among others. Paradoxically, the transient presence of senescent cells is believed to be beneficial in the context of development and wound healing, while the chronic presence of senescent cells is detrimental in the context of aging, diseases, and chronic wounds, which afflict predominantly the elderly. Identifying strategies to prevent senescence induction or reduce senescent burden in the skin could broadly benefit the aging population. Senolytics, drugs known to specifically eliminate senescent cells while preserving non-senescent cells, are being intensively studied for use in the clinical setting. Here, we review recent research on skin senescence, on the methods for the detection of senescent cells and describe promises and challenges related to the application of senolytic drugs. This article is part of the Special Issue - Senolytics - Edited by Joao Passos and Diana Jurk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Pils
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Ring
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karla Valdivieso
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Lämmermann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannnes Grillari
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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Mestre R, García N, Patiño T, Guix M, Fuentes J, Valerio-Santiago M, Almiñana N, Sánchez S. 3D-bioengineered model of human skeletal muscle tissue with phenotypic features of aging for drug testing purposes. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34284359 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac165b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional engineering of skeletal muscle is becoming increasingly relevant for tissue engineering, disease modeling and bio-hybrid robotics, where flexible, versatile and multidisciplinary approaches for the evaluation of tissue differentiation, functionality and force measurement are required. This works presents a 3D-printed platform of bioengineered human skeletal muscle which can efficiently model the three-dimensional structure of native tissue, while providing information about force generation and contraction profiles. Proper differentiation and maturation of myocytes is demonstrated by the expression of key myo-proteins using immunocytochemistry and analyzed by confocal microscopy, and the functionality assessed via electrical stimulation and analysis of contraction kinetics. To validate the flexibility of this platform for complex tissue modeling, the bioengineered muscle is treated with tumor necrosis factorαto mimic the conditions of aging, which is supported by morphological and functional changes. Moreover, as a proof of concept, the effects of Argireline® Amplified peptide, a cosmetic ingredient that causes muscle relaxation, are evaluated in both healthy and aged tissue models. Therefore, the results demonstrate that this 3D-bioengineered human muscle platform could be used to assess morphological and functional changes in the aging process of muscular tissue with potential applications in biomedicine, cosmetics and bio-hybrid robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mestre
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea García
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tania Patiño
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Chemistry Department, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Guix
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Fuentes
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mauricio Valerio-Santiago
- Lubrizol Life Science Beauty. LipotecTM Active Ingredients, Isaac Peral 17 (Pol. Industrial Camí Ral), 08850 Gavà, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Almiñana
- Lubrizol Life Science Beauty. LipotecTM Active Ingredients, Isaac Peral 17 (Pol. Industrial Camí Ral), 08850 Gavà, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Hu Y, Zhu Y, Gerber SD, Osland JM, Chen M, Rao KA, Gu H, Yuan R. Deletion of Nrip1 delays skin aging by reducing adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) senescence, and maintaining ADMSCs quiescence. GeroScience 2021; 43:1815-1833. [PMID: 33704619 PMCID: PMC8492836 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies found that deletion of nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 (Nrip1) extended longevity in female mice and delayed cell senescence. The current study investigates the role of NRIP1 in regulating functions of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and explores the mechanisms of NRIP1 in skin aging. We first verified the skin aging phenotypes in young (6 months) and old (20 months) C57BL/6J (B6) mice and found deletion of Nrip1 can delay skin aging phenotypes, including reduced thickness of dermis and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), as well as the accumulation of senescent cells in sWAT. In ADMSCs isolated from sWAT, we found that deletion of Nrip1 could decrease cell proliferation, prevent cell apoptosis, and suppress adipogenesis. Interestingly, deletion of Nrip1 also reduced cell senescence and maintain cell quiescence of ADMSCs. Moreover, the expressions of genes associated with senescence (p21, and p53), inflammation (p65, IL6, and IL1a), and growth factor (mTOR, Igf1) were reduced in Nrip1 knockout ADMSCs, as well as in siNrip1-treated ADMSCs. Suppression of Nrip1 by siNrip1 also decreased the expressions of mTOR, p-mTOR, p65, and p-p65 in ADMSCs. Reduced expressions of p65 and p-p65 were also confirmed in the skin of Nrip1 knockout mice. These findings suggest that NRIP1 plays an important role in delaying skin aging by reducing ADMSCs senescence and maintaining ADMSCs quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- Division of Geriatric Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge Street Room 4361, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Division of Geriatric Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge Street Room 4361, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - Skyler D Gerber
- Division of Geriatric Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge Street Room 4361, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - Jared M Osland
- Division of Geriatric Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge Street Room 4361, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Krishna A Rao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Simmons Cancer Institute at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Heng Gu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Rong Yuan
- Division of Geriatric Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge Street Room 4361, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA.
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22
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Delben PB, Zomer HD, Acordi da Silva C, Gomes RS, Melo FR, Dillenburg-Pilla P, Trentin AG. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells from face and abdomen undergo replicative senescence and loss of genetic integrity after long-term culture. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112740. [PMID: 34303697 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Body fat depots are heterogeneous concerning their embryonic origin, structure, exposure to environmental stressors, and availability. Thus, investigating adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) from different sources is essential to standardization for future therapies. In vitro amplification is also critical because it may predispose cell senescence and mutations, reducing regenerative properties and safety. Here, we evaluated long-term culture of human facial ASCs (fASCs) and abdominal ASCs (aASCs) and showed that both met the criteria for MSCs characterization but presented differences in their immunophenotypic profile, and differentiation and clonogenic potentials. The abdominal tissue yielded more ASCs, and these had higher proliferative potential, but facial cells displayed fewer mitotic errors at higher passages. However, both cell types reduced clonal efficiency over time and entered replicative senescence around P12, as evaluated by progressive morphological alterations, reduced proliferative capacity, and SA-β-galactosidase expression. Loss of genetic integrity was detected by a higher proportion of cells showing nuclear alterations and γ-H2AX expression. Our findings indicate that the source of ASCs can substantially influence their phenotype and therefore should be carefully considered in future cell therapies, avoiding, however, long-term culture to ensure genetic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Barros Delben
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Helena Debiazi Zomer
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil; Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Camila Acordi da Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Gonçalves Trentin
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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23
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Nguyen HP, Lin F, Yi D, Xie Y, Dinh J, Xue P, Sul HS. Aging-dependent regulatory cells emerge in subcutaneous fat to inhibit adipogenesis. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1437-1451.e3. [PMID: 33878347 PMCID: PMC8137669 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue mass and adiposity change throughout the lifespan. During aging, while visceral adipose tissue (VAT) tends to increase, peripheral subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) decreases significantly. Unlike VAT, which is linked to metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, SAT has beneficial effects. However, the molecular details behind the aging-associated loss of SAT remain unclear. Here, by comparing scRNA-seq of total stromal vascular cells of SAT from young and aging mice, we identify an aging-dependent regulatory cell (ARC) population that emerges only in SAT of aged mice and humans. ARCs express adipose progenitor markers but lack adipogenic capacity; they secrete high levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines, including Ccl6, to inhibit proliferation and differentiation of neighboring adipose precursors. We also found Pu.1 to be a driving factor for ARC development. We identify an ARC population and its capacity to inhibit differentiation of neighboring adipose precursors, correlating with aging-associated loss of SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai P Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Frances Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Danielle Yi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jennie Dinh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Pengya Xue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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24
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[Paradigm shift in understanding hyaluronic acid filler effects]. Hautarzt 2021; 72:403-407. [PMID: 33660025 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (hyaluron; HA) is an important constituent of the extracellular matrix and has an age-dependent decrease in tissue concentration. While natural HA is rapidly degraded, filler cross-linked HA achieve a half-life of 6-12 months. Such fillers enjoy increasing popularity in esthetic medicine and are versatile tools. Although HA fillers can activate fibroblasts it is of minor importance for long-term results. Fillers are injected into subcutaneous adipose tissue. Their interaction with somatic stem cells and mature adipocytes has gained increasing interest. Cross-linked HA can indeed support proliferation of pre-adipocytes, stimulate their differentiation into mature adipocytes and protect the mature cells from senescence, apoptosis and lipolysis. This view offers a new perspective on the development of future fillers for esthetic medicine.
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25
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Galanin I, Nicu C, Tower JI. Facial Fat Fitness: A New Paradigm to Understand Facial Aging and Aesthetics. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:151-163. [PMID: 32914326 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, facial adipose tissue has been perceived and treated as a homogenous volume-occupying subcutaneous depot. However, recent research from across disciplines is converging to reveal a far more anatomically organized and functionally dynamic role of facial adipose tissue. In this narrative review, we will discuss new insights into adipocyte function and facial adipose anatomy that have far-reaching implications for the practice of aesthetic facial plastic surgery. These concepts are synthesized into a "facial fat fitness" model which can be used to explain clinical observations in facial aging and aesthetic surgery. Fat fitness relates to the quality of facial adipose tissue, as opposed to quantity, and describes whether adipose tissue is in a predominantly healthy hyperplastic or unhealthy hypertrophic state. Fat fitness is modulated by lifestyle factors, and may be impacted positively or negatively by facial aesthetic treatments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Nicu
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jacob I Tower
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, 130 East 77th Street, 10th Floor, New York, NY, USA.
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26
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Nadra K, André M, Marchaud E, Kestemont P, Braccini F, Cartier H, Kéophiphath M, Fanian F. A hyaluronic acid-based filler reduces lipolysis in human mature adipocytes and maintains adherence and lipid accumulation of long-term differentiated human preadipocytes. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:1474-1482. [PMID: 33150734 PMCID: PMC8246837 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in skin rejuvenation derived from its capacity to fill the under‐layer volumes but also from its ability to regulate the extracellular matrix production by dermis fibroblasts. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix, is a commonly used injectable dermal filler showing excellent efficiencies to maintain tissue augmentation even after its biodegradation. To improve their stability, the HA molecules can also be “cross‐linked” to each other. The effects of cross‐linked HA‐based fillers on the dermal structure are well known. For safety reasons, most of the physicians prefer to use the blunt cannula for injections. However, evidences showed that the cannula could not be located in the dermis, but it passes through immediate hypodermis and the long‐lasting effect of cross‐linked HA‐based fillers may be related to its effects on adipose tissue. To test whether cross‐linked HA has a direct effect on human adipocytes, we treated isolated adipocytes and precursors cells from human skin donors with cross‐linked HA. Biochemical and cellular analysis demonstrated that treatment by cross‐linked HA showed beneficial effects on differentiated cell adherence and survival as well as reduced basal and induced lipolysis in fully mature adipocytes. Taken together, these data showed that cross‐linked HA promoted cell adherence and preserved the adipogenic capacity of preadipocytes during prolonged cell culture, bringing additional evidences of the beneficial role of cross‐linked HA‐based fillers in maintenance of the subcutaneous fat mass. This first study could defend a preventive approach to facial volume loss during natural aging.
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27
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Wollina U, Goldman A. Long lasting facial rejuvenation by repeated placement of calcium hydroxylapatite in elderly women. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14183. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology Städtisches Klinikum Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Alberto Goldman
- Department of Plastic Surgery Clinica Goldman Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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28
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Bojanowski K, Ma S, Applebaum R, Zhao H. Transbuccal platform for delivery of lipogenic actives to facial skin: Because fat matters. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1169-1174. [PMID: 32592290 DOI: 10.1002/term.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control facial skin physiology and appearance through the oral mucosa (transbuccally) is largely unexplored. Here, a hypothesis was tested that transbuccal delivery of fat tissue-supportive actives may trigger beneficial cosmetic responses at the level of the skin. First, the importance of the fat tissue for skin structure and function was established by comparative analysis of human biopsies cultured defatted or in the presence of hypodermis, using macroscopic observation, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and histochemistry. Then, the ability to improve epidermal function and structure through the application of a lipoactive patch to oral mucosa was demonstrated in a clinical case study by the quantification of several epidermal microRNAs (miRNAs). It was found that removal of the hypodermal fat layer accelerated skin biopsy aging as demonstrated by the deterioration of the physical appearance at the macroscopic and microscopic (hematoxylin and eosin stain) levels and the decrease of expression of genes implicated in the structure and function of the skin, such as AQP3 and LOR. Furthermore, when adipogenic actives were applied to the oral mucosa under a form of bioadhesive film in a clinical case study, an improvement in the expression of miRNA biomarkers of senescence and inflammation was observed in the epidermis. Taken together, these results indicate that the transbuccal delivery of lipogenic compounds to face is a novel method for the improvement of facial skin structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bojanowski
- Department of Cosmetic Dermatology, Sunny BioDiscovery Inc., Santa Paula, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Ma
- Department of Cosmetic Dermatology, Sunny BioDiscovery Inc., Santa Paula, CA, USA.,College of Nursing, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Cosmetic Dermatology, Sunny BioDiscovery Inc., Santa Paula, CA, USA
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29
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Sebban S. STOP Facial Aging Method™: A New Protocol for Facial Rejuvenation. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2020; 13:61-66. [PMID: 32884624 PMCID: PMC7442314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is currently no standardized and reproducible injection technique to address facial aging at all anatomical levels. OBJECTIVE: The Sebban Technique One-point (STOP) Facial Aging Method™ for hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers aims to provide predictive results using a single point of entry. METHODS: STOP combines two complementary techniques: Deep One-point (DOP) and Superficial One-point (SOP). DOP targets the deep plane to restructure the facial architecture, while SOP targets the superficial and deeper hypodermic planes to add volume and provide optimal tissue hydration. The injection procedure involves one DOP phase and two SOP phases using an HA filler appropriate for the treatment indication and injection depth. STOP has been investigated in a retrospective, open-label observational case series. RESULTS: Data from 10 women, aged 41 to 59 years, with varying stages of facial aging were retrospectively examined. Eight had received DOP with bolus injections of a cohesive HA filler and nine had received SOP using an HA filler with good elasticity to target the deep or superficial hypodermis. The mean total volume of HA filler injected (all HA fillers combined) was 5.46mL (range: 4.0-7.0mL) for the whole face. Physician and patient satisfaction with the treatment was high and all subjects stated that they would recommend the treatment to their friends. The STOP protocol was well-tolerated and no complications were observed during the DOP or SOP phases. CONCLUSIONS: STOP is a reproducible and safe technique for global facial rejuvenation with a single cannular point of entry.
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30
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Williams R, Pawlus AD, Thornton MJ. Getting under the skin of hair aging: the impact of the hair follicle environment. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:588-597. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Williams
- The Centre for Skin Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences The University of Bradford Bradford UK
| | - Alison D Pawlus
- Aveda, Hair Innovation and Technology Blaine Minneapolis USA
| | - M Julie Thornton
- The Centre for Skin Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences The University of Bradford Bradford UK
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31
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Kopcewicz M, Walendzik K, Bukowska J, Kur-Piotrowska A, Machcinska S, Gimble JM, Gawronska-Kozak B. Cutaneous wound healing in aged, high fat diet-induced obese female or male C57BL/6 mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7066-7111. [PMID: 32294622 PMCID: PMC7202484 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Since there are limited studies analyzing the impact of age, sex and obesity on cutaneous repair, the current study evaluated excisional skin wound healing as a function of age, sex and diet in C57BL/6 mice subjected to either low (LFD) or high (HFD) fat diet. Older mice accumulated increased body fat relative to younger mice under HFD. Skin wound healing at particular stages was affected by age in the aspect of Tgfβ-1, MCP-1, Mmp-9 and Mmp-13 expression. The most profound, cumulative effect was observed for the combination of two parameters: age and sex. While skin of younger males displayed extremely high collagen 1 and collagen 3 expression, younger females showed exceptionally high Mmp-13 expression at day 3 and 7 after injury. Diet as a single variable modified the thickness of dermis due to increased dermal White Adipose Tissue (dWAT) accumulation in mice fed HFD. The combination of age and diet affected the re-epithelialization and inflammatory response of injured skin. Overall, our data indicate that age has the most fundamental impact although all components (age, sex and diet) contribute to skin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kopcewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Walendzik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Bukowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Kur-Piotrowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Machcinska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Structural and Cellular Biology, and Surgery and Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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32
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Kim MS, Lee S, Park SB, Kim KY, Kim Y, Kang HY, Park SG, Kang NG. Magnolol induces adipogenic differentiation in human skin. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:584-586. [PMID: 32248517 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M S Kim
- R&D Center, LG Household & Healthcare, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Lee
- R&D Center, LG Household & Healthcare, Seoul, Korea
| | - S B Park
- Bio Platform Technology Research Center, Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - K Y Kim
- Bio Platform Technology Research Center, Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - H Y Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - S G Park
- R&D Center, LG Household & Healthcare, Seoul, Korea
| | - N G Kang
- R&D Center, LG Household & Healthcare, Seoul, Korea
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33
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Wollina U, Goldman A. Minimal invasive chin and jawline improvement in women in the second half of their life. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13320. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden Germany
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34
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Haydont V, Neiveyans V, Perez P, Busson É, Lataillade JJ, Asselineau D, Fortunel NO. Fibroblasts from the Human Skin Dermo-Hypodermal Junction are Distinct from Dermal Papillary and Reticular Fibroblasts and from Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exhibit a Specific Molecular Profile Related to Extracellular Matrix Organization and Modeling. Cells 2020; 9:E368. [PMID: 32033496 PMCID: PMC7072412 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin dermis contains fibroblast subpopulations in which characterization is crucial due to their roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) biology. This study investigates the properties of fibroblasts localized at the frontier of deep dermis and hypodermis, i.e., dermo-hypodermal junction fibroblasts (F-DHJ), which were compared to intermediate reticular dermis (Fr) and superficial papillary dermis (Fp) fibroblasts. F-DHJ differed from Fr and Fp cells in their wider potential for differentiation into mesodermal lineages and in their absence of contractility when integrated in a three-dimensional dermal equivalent. The transcriptomic profile of F-DHJ exhibited specificities in the expression of genes involved in ECM synthesis-processing and "tissue skeleton" organization. In accordance with transcriptome data, ECM proteins, notably Tenascin C, distributions differed between the reticular dermis and the dermo-hypodermal junction areas, which was documented in normal adult skin. Finally, genome-wide transcriptome profiling was used to evaluate the molecular proximity of F-DHJ with the two dermal fibroblast populations (Fp and Fr) and with the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) corresponding to five tissue origins (bone marrow, fat, amnion, chorion, and cord). This comparative analysis classified the three skin fibroblast types, including F-DHJ, as a clearly distinct group from the five MSC sample origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Haydont
- Advanced Research, L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France; (V.N.); (P.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Véronique Neiveyans
- Advanced Research, L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France; (V.N.); (P.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Philippe Perez
- Advanced Research, L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France; (V.N.); (P.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Élodie Busson
- Department of Medical and Surgical Assistance to the Armed Forces, French Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), 91223 CEDEX Brétigny sur Orge, France; (É.B.); (J.-J.L.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Department of Medical and Surgical Assistance to the Armed Forces, French Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), 91223 CEDEX Brétigny sur Orge, France; (É.B.); (J.-J.L.)
| | - Daniel Asselineau
- Advanced Research, L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France; (V.N.); (P.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Nicolas O. Fortunel
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Radiobiologie de la Kératinopoïèse, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA/DRF/IRCM, 91000 Evry, France
- INSERM U967, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris 7, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 78140 Paris 11, France
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35
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Krooks L, Pirttiniemi P, Tolvanen M, Kanavakis G, Lähdesmäki R, Silvola AS. Association of facial sagittal and vertical characteristics with facial aesthetics in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Eur J Orthod 2019; 41:279-285. [PMID: 30215708 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjy062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association of facial sagittal and vertical dimensions with aesthetic assessment by three panel groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population comprised adult individuals from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966). A clinical oral examination including digital facial photographs was performed. The study population was divided into subjects with the lowest and highest values in soft tissue measurements in lower anterior facial height percentage (LAFH%) (60 subjects) and antero-posterior jaw relationship [soft tissue A-point, nasion, and B-point (ANB) angle; 60 subjects] and a control group (30 subjects). Frontal and profile facial photographs were presented to three panel groups: five orthodontists, five dentists, and five laypersons, who evaluated the photographs using the visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS This study showed significant differences in VAS mean scores between the panel groups. Curve estimation revealed a significant quadratic association between aesthetic VAS evaluation and ANB angle for all panel groups. The association between ANB angle and perceived facial attractiveness was highest among orthodontists (R2 = 0.276, P = 0.001 for males; R2 = 0.285, P = 0.001 for females). However, no statistically significant association was found between facial attractiveness and LAFH%. CONCLUSION Facial sagittal dimensions appeared to influence facial aesthetics more than vertical dimensions in middle-aged adults. In their perception of facial aesthetics, orthodontists were more influenced by antero-posterior jaw relationships than dentists and laypersons. The overall perception of facial attractiveness related to facial dimensions appeared to differ between the panel groups in female and male faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Krooks
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu
| | - Pertti Pirttiniemi
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu.,Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center Oulu
| | - Mimmi Tolvanen
- Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu.,Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB-University School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raija Lähdesmäki
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu.,Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center Oulu
| | - Anna-Sofia Silvola
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu.,Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center Oulu
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36
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Dermal White Adipose Tissue: A Newly Recognized Layer of Skin Innate Defense. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1002-1009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Park PJ, Rha CS, Kim ST. Theaflavin-Enriched Fraction Stimulates Adipogenesis in Human Subcutaneous Fat Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2034. [PMID: 31027178 PMCID: PMC6515531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin provides the first defense line against the environment while preserving physiological homeostasis. Subcutaneous tissues including fat depots that are important for maintaining skin structure and alleviating senescence are altered during aging. This study investigated whether theaflavin (TF) in green tea (GT) has skin rejuvenation effects. Specifically, we examined whether high ratio of TF contents can induce the subcutaneous adipogenesis supporting skin structure by modulating lipid metabolism. The co-fermented GT (CoF-GT) fraction containing a high level of TF was obtained by co-fermentation with garland chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium) and the conventionally fermented GT (F-GT) fraction was also obtained. The effects of the CoF- or F-GT fractions on adipogenesis were assessed using primary human subcutaneous fat cells (hSCF). Adipogenesis was evaluated based on lipid droplet (LD) formation, as visualized by Oil Red O staining; by analyzing of adipogenesis-related factors by real-time quantitative polyperase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); and by measuring the concentration of adiponectin released into the culture medium by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TF-enriched CoF-GT fraction did not adversely affect hSCF cell viability but induced their adipogenic differentiation, as evidenced by LD formation, upregulation of adipogenesis-related genes, and adiponectin secretion. TF and TF-enriched CoF-GT fraction promoted differentiation of hSCFs and can therefore be used as an ingredient in rejuvenating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil June Park
- Basic Research & Innovation Research Institute, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Unit., 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Korea.
| | - Chan-Su Rha
- Vital Beautie Research Institute, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Unit, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Korea.
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae-si 50834, Korea.
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Park S, Tao J, Sun L, Fan CM, Chen Y. An Economic, Modular, and Portable Skin Viscoelasticity Measurement Device for In Situ Longitudinal Studies. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050907. [PMID: 30841558 PMCID: PMC6429284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A indentation-based device to measure tissue mechanical property was designed and built using over-the-counter and 3D-printed parts. The device costs less than 100 USD and is capable of measuring samples of various geometry because of its modular design. The device is light-weight, thus portable, for measurements that can be performed at different sites. It was demonstrated that the measurement results obtained using our device are comparable to previous observations. The elastic shear modulus of the human skin was in the range of 2 kPa to 8 kPa, and skin tissues in old mice were stiffer than young mice. Mechanical properties of the skin tissues belonging to the same test subject varied depending on the location of the measurement. In conclusion, because our device is economic, modular, portable, and robust, it is suitable to serve as a standard measurement platform for studying tissue mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Jiaxiang Tao
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Cheng-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Caveolin-1 as a pathophysiological factor and target in psoriasis. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2019; 5:4. [PMID: 30729030 PMCID: PMC6363785 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-019-0034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is typical in psoriatic lesions and overexpression of Cav-1 leads to a reduction of inflammation and suppression of epidermal hyperproliferation, thus ameliorating these two well-known hallmarks of psoriasis. At the same time, the interfacial layers of the white adipose tissue (WAT) adjacent to psoriatic lesions demonstrate much higher stiffness, which also points to a modification of Cav-1 expression in this tissue. These processes are connected with each other and regulated via exosomal exchange. Here we discuss the role of Cav-1 expression in inflammatory and hyperproliferative processes and analyze the ways to provide spatially different modulation of Cav-1 expression in the skin and WAT. Such modulation can be induced by different pharmacological and physical factors. These include application of mechanical stress and supra-physiological temperatures. Cav-1 should therefore be considered as an important target in treatment of psoriasis.
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Rocha ACA, Conceição NODS, Toni LDM. Chewing and swallowing in obese individuals referred to bariatric surgery/gastroplasty - a pilot study. REVISTA CEFAC 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216/20192158519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the chewing and swallowing pattern of obese individuals indicated for bariatric surgery/gastroplasty before the procedure, using standardized clinical protocols. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive case-control study that presents preliminary data for a larger investigation. Eight participants matched for age and sex were divided into two groups (four in the research group and four as controls) and submitted to clinical speech therapy assessment using the “Questionnaire on eating behavior and the anatomofunctional conditions of the stomatognathic system” from the Expanded Protocol of Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES-E) and the maximum tongue pressure test. Results: when compared to controls, participants from the research group exhibited a predominantly unilateral chewing preference; reported that they just “swallowed food”; repeated swallowing of liquid and solid foods, with facial muscle tension; increased cheek volume and the presence of flaccidity; shorter meal and chewing times; increased tension of the lips, mentalis and facial muscles at rest and during swallowing; predominance of insufficient ability with associated movements and/or tremors during lip, tongue, jaw and cheek movements; and lack of knowledge regarding speech therapy. Conclusion: orofacial myofunctional dysfunctions were more frequent in patients from the research group when compared to controls. A need to increase the number of participants in this case series and conduct a post-surgery reassessment, in order to provide a longitudinal description of the chewing and swallowing pattern, was verified.
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Wollina U, Goldman A, Abdel-Naser MB, Philipp-Dormston WG. Adipose tissue, fillers, and skin tightening. Dermatol Ther 2018; 32:e12626. [PMID: 30175548 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of adipose tissue has long been underestimated in esthetic dermatology. With the development of liposculpture and lipolysis, subcutaneous adipose tissue has gained an increasing interest. Harvested tissue has been used for lipofilling. In recent years, a better understanding of adipocyte physiology and its role in aging opened a new road for targeted treatments. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is no longer an innocent bystander in the combat of aging and the correction in esthetics. Adipose tissue is of importance for metabolic function and thermoregulation. Adipose tissue is involved in inflammation. Adipose tissue is heterogeneous in sense of function, color and size of adipocytes. The tissue is an important source of somatic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alberto Goldman
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Clinica Goldman and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mohamed B Abdel-Naser
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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