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Park J, Lee D, Jang JY, Kim JH, Baek JU, Jeong M, Kim S, Kyoung M, Kim M, Won CW. Doctor and patient perceptions of sarcopenia in community-based primary care clinics: a questionnaire survey. Eur Geriatr Med 2024:10.1007/s41999-024-01037-3. [PMID: 39384728 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-024-01037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study aims to examine perceptions of sarcopenia among doctors and patients for improved management strategies in the future. METHODS We analyzed nine matched items from separate surveys involving 80 community-based primary care doctors, recruited online (55%) and offline (45%), and 80 community-dwelling older patients who visited 6 of the 80 primary care clinics in South Korea. RESULTS Doctors had a mean age of 58.3 ± 9.1 years, with 17.5% women; patients had a mean age of 74.1 ± 6.1 years, with 61.3% women. Twenty-eight patients (35.4%) had heard of sarcopenia, while only 19 doctors (23.8%) knew the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia. Patients were more likely to believe they had sarcopenia than doctors assumed their patients had sarcopenia (patients, 35%; doctors, 16.9%; P = 0.0039). Patients desired more exercise and nutritional education than doctors reported they could provide (all P < 0.01). More patients preferred regular text messages for exercise or nutritional education (for exercise: patients 16.5%, doctors 5.8%, P = 0.0428; for nutrition: patients 17.1%, doctors 4.4%, P = 0.0154). Many patients were unaware of available community services for sarcopenia management (patients 48.8%, doctors 10.0%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Both patients and doctors in community-based primary care clinics lacked awareness of sarcopenia. Significant discrepancies existed between the exercise and nutritional education patients desired and what doctors could provide. These findings can inform the development of sarcopenia management programs in primary care clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungha Park
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehyun Lee
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ha Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Uk Baek
- Department of Family Medicine, Dongdong Family Medicine Clinic, Seoul, 01384, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungkwan Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeong Family Medicine Clinic, Seoul, 03105, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwouk Kim
- Department of Surgery, Dongbu Hanil Surgery Clinic, Seoul, 01325, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonbae Kyoung
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Top Family Medicine Clinic, Seoul, 08017, Republic of Korea
| | - Miji Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Elderly Frailty and Sarcopenia Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Verma N, Vinod AP, Singal AK. The pharmacological management of alcohol-related cirrhosis: what's new? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39360770 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2409941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is present in the majority of patients with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), which leads to about 50% of cirrhosis-related hospitalizations and over 25% of deaths worldwide. Patients with ALD often present at an advanced stage, like cirrhosis with its complications and alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), which has high short-term mortality. Current treatments are limited, with the limited benefit of glucocorticoids only in the short-term among patients with AH, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapies. AREAS COVERED This review applies the PIRO (Predisposition, Injury, Response, Organ dysfunction) concept to ALD, understanding an ongoing process of liver damage, and opportunities to address and halt the progression. We also highlight the significance of treating AUD to improve long-term outcomes in ALD. EXPERT OPINION Personalized therapies targeting specific genetic profiles and multiple pathogenic pathways are crucial in managing ALD. Emerging therapies like gut-liver-brain axis modulators like fecal microbiota transplant and probiotics, interleukin-22, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stem cells, epigenetic regulators of inflammation and regeneration are encouraging with the potential of efficacy in patients with ALD. Liver transplantation (LT) is a definitive therapy for advanced cirrhosis with increasing impetus on early LT select patients with active alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Verma
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwin P Vinod
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwani K Singal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Transplant Hepatology, Jewish Hospital and Trager Transplant Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Research, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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Balcer K, Garnier J, Richa Y, Bruneel-Zupanc C, Piessen G, Turrini O, Truant S, El Amrani M. Impact on survival of sarcopenia, systemic inflammatory response and anthropometric factors after pancreatectomy for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:232. [PMID: 39232731 PMCID: PMC11376042 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is becoming a public health issue with a 5-years survival rate around 10%. Patients with PDAC are often sarcopenic, which impacts postoperative outcome. At the same time, overweight population is increasing and adipose tissue promotes tumor related-inflammation. With several studies supporting independently these data, we aimed to assess if they held an impact on survival when combined. METHODS We included 232 patients from two university hospitals (CHU de Lille, Institut Paoli Calmette), from January 2011 to December 2018, who underwent Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for resectable PDAC. Preoperative CT scan was used to measure sarcopenia and visceral fat according to international cut-offs. Neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratios (PLR) were used to measure inflammation. For univariate and multivariate analyses, the Cox proportional-hazard model was used. P-values below 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS Sarcopenic patients with visceral obesity were less likely to survive than the others in multivariate analysis (OS, HR 1.65, p= 0.043). Cutaneous obesity did not influence survival. We also observed an influence on survival when we studied sarcopenia with visceral obesity (OS, p= 0.056; PFS, p = 0.014), sarcopenia with cutaneous obesity (PFS, p= 0.005) and sarcopenia with PLR (PFS, p= 0.043). This poor prognosis was also found in sarcopenic obese patients with high PLR (OS, p= 0.05; PFS, p= 0.01). CONCLUSION Sarcopenic obesity was associated with poor prognosis after PD for PDAC, especially in patients with systemic inflammation. Pre operative management of these factors should be addressed in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Balcer
- Digestive Surgery and Transplantation Department, CHU de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, 59000, France.
| | - Jonathan Garnier
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, 13009, France
| | - Yasmina Richa
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Guillaume Piessen
- Department of Digestive and Oncological Surgery, University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Olivier Turrini
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, 13009, France
| | - Stephanie Truant
- Digestive Surgery and Transplantation Department, CHU de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Mehdi El Amrani
- Digestive Surgery and Transplantation Department, CHU de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, 59000, France
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Lai H, Yin J, Yang H. Association of oxidative balance score with hearing loss and tinnitus: NHANES 1999-2018. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1421605. [PMID: 38962438 PMCID: PMC11220283 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1421605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is associated with the occurrence of hearing loss and tinnitus. The oxidative balance score (OBS), a composite indicator evaluating the balance between antioxidant and pro-oxidative components across various dietary and lifestyle factors, indicates the overall oxidative balance status. However, the association of OBS with hearing loss and tinnitus has not been reported previously. Methods Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018 were analyzed. Weighted multivariable logistic regression, weighted multivariable linear regression, and restricted cubic spline curve (RCS) regression were employed to explore the relationship between OBS and hearing loss at speech, low, and high frequencies, along with tinnitus. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to ascertain the consistency across subgroups and stability of the results. Results We included 13,715 and 21,644 individuals to investigate the association between OBS and hearing loss, as well as between OBS and tinnitus, respectively. The second, third, and fourth quartiles of OBS were significantly associated with a lower risk of hearing loss at speech, low, and high frequencies, as well as tinnitus, compared to the lowest quartile. The RCS regression analysis indicated a negative linear association of OBS with hearing loss and tinnitus. Most associations were maintained in subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. Additionally, the dietary and lifestyle OBS independently contribute to the protection against hearing loss and tinnitus. Conclusion OBS is negatively correlated with the risk of hearing loss and tinnitus. The findings suggest that combined antioxidant diet and lifestyle hold promise as potential strategies for reducing the prevalence of hearing loss and tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haidi Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Klinaki E, Ogrodnik M. In the land of not-unhappiness: On the state-of-the-art of targeting aging and age-related diseases by biomedical research. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111929. [PMID: 38561164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The concept of the Land of Not-Unhappiness refers to the potential achievement of eliminating the pathologies of the aging process. To inform of how close we are to settling in the land, we summarize and review the achievements of research on anti-aging interventions over the last hundred years with a specific focus on strategies that slow down metabolism, compensate for aging-related losses, and target a broad range of age-related diseases. We critically evaluate the existing interventions labeled as "anti-aging," such as calorie restriction, exercise, stem cell administration, and senolytics, to provide a down-to-earth evaluation of their current applicability in counteracting aging. Throughout the text, we have maintained a light tone to make it accessible to non-experts in biogerontology, and provide a broad overview for those considering conducting studies, research, or seeking to understand the scientific basis of anti-aging medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Klinaki
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna 1200, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna 1200, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna 1200, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna 1200, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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Thornton M, Sim M, Kennedy MA, Blodgett K, Joseph R, Pojednic R. Nutrition Interventions on Muscle-Related Components of Sarcopenia in Females: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:38-52. [PMID: 38043101 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disease categorized by low muscle strength, muscle quantity or quality, and physical performance. Sarcopenia etiology is multifaceted, and while resistance training is widely agreed upon for prevention and treatment, disease progression is also highly related to poor diet. The incidence of sarcopenia appears sex-specific and may be increased in females, which is problematic because dietary quality is often altered later in life, particularly after menopause. Identifying effective nutrition or supplementation interventions could be an important strategy to delay sarcopenia and related comorbidities in this vulnerable population. This systematic review examined randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of nutrition strategies on muscle-related components of sarcopenia in middle-aged and older females. A protocol was registered (PROSPERO CRD42022382943) and a systematic search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken. RCTs from 2013 to 2023 that assessed nutrition-only interventions on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function in female participants were included. Fourteen RCTs were included based on selection criteria. Study designs and interventions were heterogeneous in supplementation type and amount, age, and duration. Six RCTs reported beneficial effects of protein, Vitamin D, Vitamin D and Magnesium (Mg), and fish oil on muscle protein synthesis, muscle strength, and/or muscle function. Eight studies that examined various protein interventions, VitD alone, Mg alone, and dairy derivatives did not demonstrate any effect. Exercise appeared to modulate results in several studies. Nutrition interventions alone are likely to have a limited but positive effect on muscle-related components of sarcopenia in females. Current evidence suggests that a combination of dietary intervention and exercise is likely to be key to preventing and treating sarcopenia in middle aged and older females and there is a need for well-designed nutrition based studies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Thornton
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Mary A Kennedy
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kylie Blodgett
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA
| | - Richard Joseph
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachele Pojednic
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA.
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
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Bikbavova GR, Livzan MA, Tikhonravova DV. All you need to know about sarcopenia: a short guide for an internal medicine physician in questions and answers. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2023; 22:88-97. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2023-3-88-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is associated with social, economic, and individual burdens, including loss of independence, poor quality of life, and disability. In a short period of time, ideas about sarcopenia transformed from geriatric syndrome to disease. Initially, sarcopenia was considered in the context of gradual age-related deterioration in the functioning of all physiological systems. Over the years, it became clear that it can develop a second time, as a consequence of various diseases and pathological conditions.To date, there have been no generally accepted diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. There are several tests and tools available for screening sarcopenia, the choice of which depends on physical capabilities of the patient, capabilities of the medical institution, and the purpose for which it is detected (research or clinical practice).From the point of view of human health, sarcopenia increases the risk of falls and fractures; impairs the ability to perform daily activities; is associated with the progression of major diseases and cognitive impairments; leads to movement disorders; contributes to a decrease in the quality of life, loss of independence or a need for long-term care. The presence of sarcopenia increases both the risk of hospitalization and hospitalization costs.The aim of the literature review is to provide an analysis of up-to-date information on the causes, pathogenesis, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and consequences of sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and sarcopenic obesity. The search for literature containing information on relevant studies was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar by the following keywords: sarcopenia, dynapenia, myosteatosis, sarcopenic obesity, nutritional status, malnutrition.
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Shen Y, Shi Q, Nong K, Li S, Yue J, Huang J, Dong B, Beauchamp M, Hao Q. Exercise for sarcopenia in older people: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:1199-1211. [PMID: 37057640 PMCID: PMC10235889 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a serious public health concern among older adults worldwide. Exercise is the most common intervention for sarcopenia. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of different exercise types for older adults with sarcopenia. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effectiveness of exercise interventions on patient-important outcomes for older adults with sarcopenia were eligible. We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via Ovid until 3 June 2022. We used frequentist random-effects network meta-analyses to summarize the evidence and applied the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations framework to rate the certainty of evidence. RESULTS Our search identified 5988 citations, of which 42 RCTs proved eligible with 3728 participants with sarcopenia (median age: 72.9 years, female: 73.3%) with a median follow-up of 12 weeks. We are interested in patient-important outcomes that include mortality, quality of life, muscle strength and physical function measures. High or moderate certainty evidence suggested that resistance exercise with or without nutrition and the combination of resistance exercise with aerobic and balance training were the most effective interventions for improving quality of life compared to usual care (standardized mean difference from 0.68 to 1.11). Moderate certainty evidence showed that resistance and balance exercise plus nutrition (mean difference [MD]: 4.19 kg) was the most effective for improving handgrip strength (minimally important difference [MID]: 5 kg). Resistance and balance exercise with or without nutrition (MD: 0.16 m/s, moderate) were the most effective for improving physical function measured by usual gait speed (MID: 0.1 m/s). Moderate certainty evidence showed that resistance and balance exercise (MD: 1.85 s) was intermediately effective for improving physical function measured by timed up and go test (MID: 2.1 s). High certainty evidence showed that resistance and aerobic, or resistance and balance, or resistance and aerobic exercise plus nutrition (MD from 1.72 to 2.28 s) were intermediately effective for improving physical function measured by the five-repetition chair stand test (MID: 2.3 s). CONCLUSIONS In older adults with sarcopenia, high or moderate certainty evidence showed that resistance exercise with or without nutrition and the combination of resistance exercise with aerobic and balance training were the most effective interventions for improving quality of life. Adding nutritional interventions to exercise had a larger effect on handgrip strength than exercise alone while showing a similar effect on other physical function measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Shen
- Medical Device Regulatory Research and Evaluation Center, Chinese Evidence‐Based Medicine Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qingyang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Kailei Nong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Sheyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jirong Yue
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jin Huang
- Medical Device Regulatory Research and Evaluation Center, Chinese Evidence‐Based Medicine Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Birong Dong
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Marla Beauchamp
- School of Rehabilitation ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Qiukui Hao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- School of Rehabilitation ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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Song Z, Pan T, Tong X, Yang Y, Zhang Z. The effects of nutritional supplementation on older sarcopenic individuals who engage in resistance training: a meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1109789. [PMID: 37181154 PMCID: PMC10167299 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Sarcopenia is a typical age-related disorder characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical function. Resistance training has a noticeable effect on sarcopenia, but there is no consensus on whether nutritional supplements can boost this effect. We conducted a meta-analysis of relevant literature to investigate the therapeutic effect of resistance training combined with nutrition intervention on sarcopenia compared with resistance training alone. Methods Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Sinomed, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data were searched for relevant studies on resistance training combined with nutritional intervention for aging adults with sarcopenia. The retrieval period ranged from the inception of the databases to May 24, 2022. Literature screening and information extraction were performed by two researchers. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was adopted for literature quality evaluation and Stata 15.0 software for analysis. Results Twelve clinical trials were included, involving 713 older adults diagnosed with sarcopenia, of whom 361 were assigned to the experimental group and 352 to the control group. Compared with the control group, grip strength of the experimental group was substantially elevated [WMD = 1.87, 95% CI (0.01, 3.74), P = 0.049]. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that vitamin D and protein increased grip strength and gait speed. There were no significant improvement in grip strength and gait speed in the protein and vitamin D free subgroup. Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrated that resistance training combined with additional nutritional supplementation, especially compound nutritional supplements that included protein and vitamin D, might further enhance grip strength rather than muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenia. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022346734.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Tong
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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Salaffi F, Di Matteo A, Farah S, Di Carlo M. Inflammaging and Frailty in Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Diseases: How to Address and Score the Issue. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 64:206-221. [PMID: 35596881 PMCID: PMC10017626 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a new concept in rheumatology that can help identify people more likely to have less favorable outcomes. Sarcopenia and inflammaging can be regarded as the biological foundations of physical frailty. Frailty is becoming more widely accepted as an indicator of ageing and is linked to an increased risk of negative outcomes such as falls, injuries, and mortality. Frailty identifies a group of older adults that seem poorer and more fragile than their age-matched counterparts, despite sharing similar comorbidities, demography, sex, and age. Several studies suggest that inflammation affects immune-mediated pathways, multimorbidity, and frailty by inhibiting growth factors, increasing catabolism, and by disrupting homeostatic signaling. Frailty is more common in the community-dwelling population as people get older, ranging from 7 to 10% in those over 65 years up to 40% in those who are octogenarians. Different parameters have been validated to identify frailty. These primarily relate to two conceptual models: Fried's physical frailty phenotype and Rockwood's cumulative deficit method. Immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and vasculitis, are leading causes of frailty in developing countries. The aim of this review was to quantitatively synthesize published literature on the prevalence of frailty in IMRDs and to summarize current evidence on the relevance and applicability of the most widely used frailty screening tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Salaffi
- Rheumatology Clinic, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 25, 60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Andrea Di Matteo
- Rheumatology Clinic, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 25, 60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Farah
- Rheumatology Clinic, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 25, 60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Di Carlo
- Rheumatology Clinic, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 25, 60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy
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Park JE, Lee S, Kim K. The effect of combining nutrient intake and physical activity levels on central obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity: a population-based cross-sectional study in South Korea. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:119. [PMID: 36869315 PMCID: PMC9985216 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to investigate the effects of combining nutritional and physical activity (PA) factors on four different categories, according to the presence or absence of sarcopenia and central obesity. METHODS From the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2971 older adults aged ≥ 65 years were included and divided into four groups based on their sarcopenia and central obesity status: healthy control (39.3%), central obesity (28.9%), sarcopenia (27.4%), and sarcopenic obesity (4.4%). Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference of ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 85 cm in women. Sarcopenia was defined as an appendicular skeletal mass index of < 7.0 kg/m2 in men and < 5.4 kg/m2 in women, and sarcopenic obesity was defined as the coexistence of sarcopenia and central obesity. RESULTS Participants who consumed more energy and protein than the average requirement had a lower likelihood of having sarcopenia (odds ratio (OR): 0.601, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.444-0.814) than those who did not consume enough nutrients. The likelihood of central obesity and sarcopenic obesity decreased in groups with recommended PA levels, regardless of whether energy intake met or did not meet the average requirement. Whether PA met or did not meet the recommended level, the likelihood of sarcopenia decreased in groups with energy intake that met the average requirement. However, when PA and energy requirements were met, there was a greater reduction in the likelihood of sarcopenia (OR: 0.436, 95% CI: 0.290-0.655). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that adequate energy intake that meets requirements is more likely to be effective as a major prevention and treatment goal for sarcopenia, whereas PA guidelines should be prioritized in the case of sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Eun Park
- Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, 28644, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Seulgi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, 31116, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Kirang Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, 31116, Cheonan, South Korea.
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12
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Zhu L, Zong X, Shi X, Ouyang X. Association between Intrinsic Capacity and Sarcopenia in Hospitalized Older Patients. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:542-549. [PMID: 37498101 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clarify the association between intrinsic capacity (IC) and sarcopenia in hospitalized older patients. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Hospital-based. PARTICIPANTS This study included 381 inpatients aged ≥ 60 years (225 men and 156 women). MEASUREMENTS IC was evaluated in five domains defined by the World Health Organization: cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination), locomotion (Short Physical Performance Battery test), vitality (Short-Form Mini Nutritional Assessment), sensory (self-reported hearing and vision) and psychological (5-item Geriatric Depression Scale) capacities. IC composite score (0-5) was calculated based on five domains, with lower scores representing greater IC. Sarcopenia was defined in accordance with the criteria recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations between IC composite score and IC domains with sarcopenia and its defining components. RESULTS The mean age of 381 patients included was 81.95±8.42 years. Of them, 128 (33.6%) patients had sarcopenia. The median IC composite score was 1 (1, 2). Cognition, locomotion, vitality, sensory and psychological capacities were impaired in 22.6%, 63.5%, 18.9%, 27.3% and 11.3% of patients. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that favorable IC domain scores in cognition, locomotion and vitality were associated with a stronger handgrip strength. A higher vitality score was associated with a greater appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), and a higher locomotion score was associated with a greater gait speed. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only vitality impairment was associated with sarcopenia. A higher IC composite score was associated with higher risks of sarcopenia, as well as low ASMI, handgrip strength and gait speed. CONCLUSION This study indicated that a more serious impairment of IC was associated with a greater risk of sarcopenia. Vitality was the domain most strongly associated with sarcopenia. IC may be employed to detect and manage sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhu
- Xiaojun Ouyang, Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, E-mail:
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13
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Tarasova IV, Sosnina AS, Kupriyanova DS, Kukhareva IN, Syrova ID, Trubnikova OA, Barbarash OL. [Cognitive impairment in patients of cardiac surgery with senile asthenia syndrome and preastenia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:57-63. [PMID: 37994889 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312311157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the features of the cognitive status in patients with cardiac surgery profile with senile asthenia syndrome (SAS) and preasthenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS A study included 272 patients admitted for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Screening for preasthenia and SAS in patients before surgery was performed using the Brief Battery of Physical Functioning Tests. SAS and preasthenia were detected in 15% of patients (n=41). Seventy-five patients were selected in the comparison group without asthenia. Assessment of the state of cognitive functions was carried out using screening neuropsychological scales - the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). RESULTS The median of the MMSE score (27 [26; 28] and 28 [27; 29], p=0.04), and the MoCA score (23 [19; 25] and 25 [23; 27], p=0.0085) was significantly lower in patients with asthenia and pre-asthenia compared to patients without asthenia. According to the MoCA, about 60% of patients in the pre-asthenia-asthenia group had severe cognitive impairment, while in the group without asthenia, more than 30% of cases had normal cognitive functions (p=0.003). Significant intergroup differences were found in MoCA subtests, reflecting visuospatial skills, abstraction, verbal fluency and working memory (p=0.01-0.04). Regression analysis showed that age and physical functioning index (severity of asthenia) most significantly contributed to the basic cognitive status assessed by MoCA. CONCLUSION Features of the cognitive status in patients of cardiac surgery with the SAS and preasthenia are impairments of visuospatial thinking, verbal fluency, abstract thinking and working memory. The MoCA was shown to be informative in determining the basic cognitive status of cardiac surgical patients. At the same time, the greatest contribution to the basic cognitive status is made by age and the indicator of physical functioning, which characterizes the degree of asthenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Tarasova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - A S Sosnina
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - D S Kupriyanova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - I N Kukhareva
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - I D Syrova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - O A Trubnikova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - O L Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
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14
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Trinca V, Keller H. Nutrition Risk Is Associated with 3-Year Strength and Performance Indicators among Older Adults in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:868-877. [PMID: 37960910 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine if nutrition risk, as measured by SCREEN-8 is predictive of 3-year strength and performance indicators among community-living older adults after adjusting for key demographic and health variables. Sex-stratified analyses were also determined. DESIGN Cohort study with baseline and 3-year follow-up data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). PARTICIPANTS Participants 55 years and older at baseline were included (n = 22,502); those who reported nasogastric or abdominal tube feeding at either timepoint were excluded (n = 26). The final sample of participants available for analyses slightly varied depending on completion of the three outcome variables. List-wise deletion was used for nutrition risk and covariates to arrive at the sample available for analysis (n = 17,250). MEASUREMENTS The valid and reliable SCREEN-8 tool was used to measure nutrition risk. The minimum and maximum score of SCREEN-8 is 0 and 48, respectively, with lower scores indicating greater nutrition risk. Baseline SCREEN-8 score was used in analyses. Grip strength, chair rise test time and gait speed assessed at the 3-year follow-up were the strength and performance outcomes. Criteria outlined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 were used to determine low performance for grip strength (<27 kg for males and <16 kg for females), chair rise test time (>15 seconds) and gait speed (≤0.8 m/s). RESULTS Half of participants were female (49.4%) and mean age was 66.7 years (SD 7.9). Mean SCREEN-8 score was 39.2 (SD 6.0). Low grip strength, chair rise test performance and gait speed were found in 18.5%, 19.6% and 29.3% of participants, respectively. After adjusting for covariates (e.g., sex, age, education), SCREEN-8 score was significantly associated with grip strength (F = 11.21, p = .001; OR = 0.98, CI [0.97, 0.99]), chair rise time (F = 5.97, p = .015; OR = 0.99, CI [0.97, 0.997]), and gait speed (F = 9.99, p = .002; OR = 0.98, CI [0.97, 0.99]). Similar interpretation was seen in sex-stratified analyses, although chair rise time was not significant. Age, body mass index, Life Space Index Score and self-rated health were consistently associated with all outcome measures. CONCLUSION Nutrition risk, as measured by SCREEN-8, significantly predicted 3-year strength and performance measures. Greater nutrition risk is associated with an increased odds of low performance on grip strength, chair rise test, and gait speed. Future research should implement nutrition risk screening in primary care settings with subsequent assessment and treatment for at risk clients to determine if nutrition interventions implemented post screening can delay age-related losses in strength and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Trinca
- Vanessa Trinca, Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1,
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15
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Jovanovic N, Chinnery T, Mattonen SA, Palma DA, Doyle PC, Theurer JA. Sarcopenia in head and neck cancer: A scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278135. [PMID: 36441690 PMCID: PMC9704631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In those undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), sarcopenia is a strong prognostic factor for outcomes and mortality. This review identified working definitions and methods used to objectively assess sarcopenia in HNC. METHOD The scoping review was performed in accordance with Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage methodology and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. INFORMATION SOURCES Eligible studies were identified using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases. STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria represented studies of adult HNC patients in which sarcopenia was listed as an outcome, full-text articles written in English, and empirical research studies with a quantitative design. DATA EXTRACTION Eligible studies were assessed using a proprietary data extraction form. General information, article details and characteristics, and details related to the concept of the scoping review were extracted in an iterative process. RESULTS Seventy-six studies published internationally from 2016 to 2021 on sarcopenia in HNC were included. The majority were retrospective (n = 56; 74%) and the prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 3.8% to 78.7%. Approximately two-thirds of studies used computed tomography (CT) to assess sarcopenia. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) (n = 53; 70%) was the most prevalent metric used to identify sarcopenia, followed by SMI at the third cervical vertebra (C3) (n = 4; 5%). CONCLUSIONS Currently, the most effective strategy to assess sarcopenia in HNC depends on several factors, including access to resources, patient and treatment characteristics, and the prognostic significance of outcomes used to represent sarcopenia. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) measured at C3 may represent a practical, precise, and cost-effective biomarker for the detection of sarcopenia. However, combining SMM measurements at C3 with other sarcopenic parameters-including muscle strength and physical performance-may provide a more accurate risk profile for sarcopenia assessment and allow for a greater understanding of this condition in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedeljko Jovanovic
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Tricia Chinnery
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah A. Mattonen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David A. Palma
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Philip C. Doyle
- Division of Laryngology, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Theurer
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, London, ON, Canada
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Elborn College, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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16
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Chen HL, Tan CT, Wu CC, Liu TC. Effects of Diet and Lifestyle on Audio-Vestibular Dysfunction in the Elderly: A Literature Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224720. [PMID: 36432406 PMCID: PMC9698578 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The world's age-related health concerns continue to rise. Audio-vestibular disorders, such as hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo, are common complaints in the elderly and are associated with social and public health burdens. Various preventative measures can ease their impact, including healthy food consumption, nutritional supplementation, and lifestyle modification. We aim to provide a comprehensive summary of current possible strategies for preventing the age-related audio-vestibular dysfunction. METHODS A PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane review databases search was conducted to identify the relationship between diet, lifestyle, and audio-vestibular dysfunction. "Diet", "nutritional supplement", "lifestyle", "exercise", "physical activity", "tinnitus", "vertigo" and "age-related hearing loss" were used as keywords. RESULTS Audio-vestibular dysfunction develops and progresses as a result of age-related inflammation and oxidative stress. Diets with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have been proposed to alleviate this illness. A high-fat diet may induce oxidative stress and low protein intake is associated with hearing discomfort in the elderly. Increased carbohydrate and sugar intake positively correlate with the incidence of audio-vestibular dysfunction, whereas a Mediterranean-style diet can protect against the disease. Antioxidants in the form of vitamins A, C, and E; physical activity; good sleep quality; smoking cessation; moderate alcohol consumption; and avoiding noise exposure are also beneficial. CONCLUSIONS Adequate diet or nutritional interventions with lifestyle modification may protect against developing audio-vestibular dysfunction in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Lin Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.W.); (T.-C.L.)
| | - Tien-Chen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.W.); (T.-C.L.)
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17
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Dietzel R, Wiegmann S, Borucki D, Detzer C, Zeiner KN, Schaumburg D, Buehring B, Buttgereit F, Armbrecht G. Prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using the revised EWGSOP2 and the FNIH definition. RMD Open 2022; 8:rmdopen-2022-002600. [PMID: 36180102 PMCID: PMC9528715 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic inflammation can enhance the development of sarcopenia with a depletion of muscle mass, strength and performance. Currently, a consensus definition for sarcopenia and solid results for the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with RA are lacking. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 289 patients ≥18 years with RA were recruited. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was performed to measure appendicular lean mass. Assessment of muscle function included grip strength, gait speed and chair rise time. Prevalence of sarcopenia was defined using the updated European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) definition. In addition, the RA study population was compared with existing data of healthy controls (n=280). Results 4.5% of patients (59.4±11.3 years) and 0.4% of controls (62.9±11.9 years) were affected by sarcopenia according to the EWGSOP2 definition. Body weight (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.97), body mass index (BMI) (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.87), C reactive protein (CRP) (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10), disease duration (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.36), current medication with glucocorticoids (OR 5.25, 95% CI 2.14 to 24.18), cumulative dose of prednisone equivalent (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.05) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.27 to 4.86) were associated with sarcopenia in patients with RA. In contrast, the prevalence was 2.8% in patients compared with 0.7% in controls when applying the FNIH definition, and body height (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.88), BMI (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.41), CRP (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11) and HAQ (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.17 to 6.59) were associated with sarcopenia. Conclusion Sarcopenia is significantly more common in patients with RA compared with controls using the EWGSOP2 criteria. The FNIH definition revealed sarcopenia in individuals with high BMI and fat mass, regardless of the presence of RA. Trial registration number It was registered at the German Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS) as well as WHO Clinical Trials Registry (ICTRP) (DRKS00011873, registered on 16 March 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roswitha Dietzel
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Wiegmann
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Borucki
- Deutsche Rheuma-Liga Bundesverband e.V, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Kim Nikola Zeiner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (CCM), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Désirée Schaumburg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (CCM), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bjoern Buehring
- Bergisches Rheuma-Zentrum, Krankenhaus St. Josef, Wuppertal, Germany.,Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (CCM), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Armbrecht
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Gu X, Wang W, Yang Y, Lei Y, Liu D, Wang X, Wu T. The Effect of Metabolites on Mitochondrial Functions in the Pathogenesis of Skeletal Muscle Aging. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:1275-1295. [PMID: 36033236 PMCID: PMC9416380 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s376668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related systemic disease characterized by skeletal muscle aging that generally severely affects the quality of life of elderly patients. Metabolomics analysis is a powerful tool for qualitatively and quantitatively characterizing the small molecule metabolomics of various biological matrices in order to clarify all key scientific problems concerning cell metabolism. The discovery of optimal therapy requires a thorough understanding of the cellular metabolic mechanism of skeletal muscle aging. In this review, the relationship between skeletal muscle mitochondria, amino acid, vitamin, lipid, adipokines, intestinal microbiota and vascular microenvironment has been separately reviewed from the perspective of metabolomics, and a new therapeutic direction has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Gu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Lei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehua Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
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19
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Chen M, Wang Y, Deng S, Lian Z, Yu K. Skeletal muscle oxidative stress and inflammation in aging: Focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:964130. [PMID: 36111339 PMCID: PMC9470179 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.964130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
With aging, the progressive loss of skeletal muscle will have negative effect on multiple physiological parameters, such as exercise, respiration, thermoregulation, and metabolic homeostasis. Accumulating evidence reveals that oxidative stress and inflammation are the main pathological characteristics of skeletal muscle during aging. Here, we focus on aging-related sarcopenia, summarize the relationship between aging and sarcopenia, and elaborate on aging-mediated oxidative stress and oxidative damage in skeletal muscle and its critical role in the occurrence and development of sarcopenia. In addition, we discuss the production of excessive reactive oxygen species in aging skeletal muscle, which reduces the ability of skeletal muscle satellite cells to participate in muscle regeneration, and analyze the potential molecular mechanism of ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in aging skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we have also paid extensive attention to the possibility and potential regulatory pathways of skeletal muscle aging and oxidative stress mediate inflammation. Finally, in response to the abnormal activity of oxidative stress and inflammation during aging, we summarize several potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory strategies for the treatment of sarcopenia, which may provide beneficial help for improving sarcopenia during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization, Lin’an, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxing Lian, ; Kun Yu,
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxing Lian, ; Kun Yu,
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20
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Umezawa H, Daimon K, Fujiwara H, Nishiwaki Y, Michikawa T, Okada E, Nojiri K, Watanabe M, Katoh H, Shimizu K, Ishihama H, Fujita N, Tsuji T, Nakamura M, Matsumoto M, Watanabe K. Changes in cross-sectional areas of posterior extensor muscles in thoracic spine: a 10-year longitudinal MRI study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14717. [PMID: 36042273 PMCID: PMC9427759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the posterior extensor muscles of the cervical and lumbar spine have been reported in some studies; however, longitudinal changes in the thoracic spine of healthy subjects are rarely reported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate changes in the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of posterior extensor muscles in the thoracic spine over 10 years and identify related factors. The subjects of this study were 85 volunteers (mean age: 44.7 ± 11.5) and the average follow-up period was about 10 years. The CSAs of the transversospinalis muscles, erector spinae muscles, and total CSAs of the extensor muscles from T1/2 to T11/12 were measured on magnetic resonance imaging. The extent of muscle fat infiltration was assessed by the signal intensity (luminance) of the extensor muscles' total cross-section compared to a section of pure muscle. We applied a Poisson regression model, which is included in the generalized linear model, and first examined the univariate (crude) association between each relevant factor (age, sex, body mass index, lifestyle, back pain, neck pain, neck stiffness, and intervertebral disc degeneration) and CSA changes. Then, we constructed a multivariate model, which included age, sex, and related factors in the univariate analysis. The mean CSAs of the transversospinalis muscles, erector spinae muscles, and total CSAs of the extensor muscles significantly increased over 10 years. Exercise habit was associated with increased CSAs of the erector spinae muscles and the total area of the extensor muscles. The cross-section mean luminance significantly increased from baseline, indicating a significant increase of fat infiltration in the posterior extensor muscles. Progression of disc degeneration was inversely associated with increased fat infiltration in the total extensor muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Umezawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenshi Daimon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Fujiwara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishiwaki
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Michikawa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eijiro Okada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Nojiri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Isehara Kyodo Hospital, 345 Tanaka, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katoh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimizu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Sanokosei General Hospital, 1728 Horigomecho, Sano-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ishihama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Sanokosei General Hospital, 1728 Horigomecho, Sano-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujita
- Fujita Health University Orthopedic Surgery, 1-98 Kutsukakecho, Toyoake-shi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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21
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Xing E, Wan C. Prevalence of and factors associated with sarcopenia among elderly individuals with hypertension. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221110490. [PMID: 35822256 PMCID: PMC9284226 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sarcopenia is a major health problem in community-dwelling elderly
individuals. Hypertension is postulated to aggravate sarcopenia. The present
study was performed to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated
with sarcopenia among elderly individuals with hypertension. Methods This study involved 165 Chinese individuals with hypertension aged ≥60 years
who were evaluated for sarcopenia using the Asian Working Group for
Sarcopenia criteria. Data on their sociodemographic information, physical
illnesses, and clinical and functional status were collected. Results The overall prevalence of sarcopenia among elderly individuals with
hypertension was 20.2%. The factors significantly associated with sarcopenia
were an age of ≥70 years (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 3.01; 95% confidence
interval (CI), 1.17–5.39), diabetes (OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 1.32–11.16),
osteoporosis (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.13–5.37), drinking (OR, 3.28; 95% CI,
1.26–7.85), and a body mass index of 24.0 to 27.9 kg/m2 (OR,
0.74; 95% CI, 0.59–0.91). Conclusions This study revealed a very high prevalence of sarcopenia among elderly
individuals with hypertension (20.2%). Sarcopenia may be associated with
advanced age, drinking, diabetes, the body mass index, and osteoporosis. The
longitudinal relationship between clinic visits and sarcopenia should be
further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enwang Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical
University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Port Hospital,
Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiao Wan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical
University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical
University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Chunxiao Wan, Department of Rehabilitation
Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping
District, Tianjin 300041, China.
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Vikberg S, Björk S, Nordström A, Nordström P, Hult A. Feasibility of an Online Delivered, Home-Based Resistance Training Program for Older Adults – A Mixed Methods Approach. Front Psychol 2022; 13:869573. [PMID: 35726270 PMCID: PMC9206532 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.869573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPhysical inactivity and low muscle mass are risk factors for falls, fractures and overall poor health. However, physical activity is reduced with increased age and only a fraction of older adults engages in resistance training (RT). Thus, strategies that facilitate RT among older adults are needed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness and user experience, and explore barriers and motivators toward an online delivered, home-based RT program in older adults with low muscle mass.MethodsThirty men and women, 70–71 years of age with low muscle mass were assigned home-based RT with online exercise videos (3 times/week, 45 min/session for 10 weeks) accompanied with an initial supervised try-out session. Quantitative outcome measures included changes in lean body mass and physical function. Semi structured one-to-one interviews with a subset of the participants (n = 8) were also conducted to generate a greater understanding of the participants experience of the digitally supported RT. The material was transcribed and analyzed with qualitative content analysis.ResultsTwenty-seven participants (90%) completed the trial. Lean body mass increased by 0.39 kg (95% CI: 0.06–0.72, p < 0.05) and chair stand time improved by 1.6 s (95% CI: 0.8–2.3, p < 0.001). No significant improvements were seen for balance or gait speed. The theme “Engaging in Digital Resistance Training with Personal Adaptation Leads to a Sense of Strength and Vitality” captured the participants experience of the intervention, where a sense of how the body was changing toward a more active lifestyle was described. Instructions, feedback, and intrinsic motivation were identified as key elements for compliance.ConclusionThe online delivered RT program for older adults with low muscle mass was feasible based on high compliance, user satisfaction, increased lean mass and improved chair-stand time. The participant experiences may explain the high compliance to the intervention and effects on outcomes. Based on these results, online delivered RT could be an accessible exercise routine for older adults with low muscle mass. More research is needed to verify the present findings and assess changes in a long-term perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Vikberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sabine Björk
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå School of Sport Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Nordström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- School of Sports Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Nordström
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hult
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå School of Sport Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Andreas Hult,
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Psoas muscle index is related to hip fracture in osteoporosis: a cross-sectional MRI study. Skeletal Radiol 2022; 51:1297-1302. [PMID: 34859280 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of psoas muscle in osteoporotic patients in lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and their relationship with hip fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred seventy-seven patients with osteoporosis (63.69 ± 9.677, 105 female) who had received lumbar spine MRI and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examinations were retrospectively included. Thickness (PMT), cross-sectional areas (CSA), and index (PMI) values were measured for psoas muscle at L3 level and psoas muscle characteristics were compared between hip fracture and control groups. RESULTS PMT, CSA, and PMI values were statistically significantly different between hip fracture and control groups (respectively p < .001, p < .05, p < .01). The results showed that there was a significant association between being sarcopenic and having hip fracture (χ2 (1, n = 117) = 4.57, p < .05, phi = .20). CONCLUSION PMT, CSA, and PMI might be associated with hip fracture in osteoporotic patients. However, this association is independent of bone mineral density (BMD). Psoas muscle features including PMT, CSA, and PMI should be used as significant predictors of falls and fractures in osteoporotic patients.
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24
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Hart DA. Sex Differences in Biological Systems and the Conundrum of Menopause: Potential Commonalities in Post-Menopausal Disease Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4119. [PMID: 35456937 PMCID: PMC9026302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific differences in biology and physiology likely start at the time of conception and progress and mature during the pre-puberty time frame and then during the transitions accompanying puberty. These sex differences are impacted by both genetics and epigenetic alterations during the maturation process, likely for the purpose of preparing for successful reproduction. For females, later in life (~45-50) they undergo another transition leading to a loss of ovarian hormone production at menopause. The reasons for menopause are not clear, but for a subset of females, menopause is accompanied by an increased risk of a number of diseases or conditions that impact a variety of tissues. Most research has mainly focused on the target cells in each of the affected tissues rather than pursue the alternative option that there may be commonalities in the development of these post-menopausal conditions in addition to influences on specific target cells. This review will address some of the potential commonalities presented by an integration of the literature regarding tissue-specific aspects of these post-menopausal conditions and data presented by space flight/microgravity (a condition not anticipated by evolution) that could implicate a loss of a regulatory function of the microvasculature in the risk attached to the affected tissues. Thus, the loss of the integration of the paracrine relationships between endothelial cells of the microvasculature of the tissues affected in the post-menopausal environment could contribute to the risk for post-menopausal diseases/conditions. The validation of this concept could lead to new approaches for interventions to treat post-menopausal conditions, as well as provide new understanding regarding sex-specific biological regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Hart
- Department of Surgery and Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; ; Tel.: +1-403-220-4571
- Bone & Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada
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25
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Coletti C, Acosta GF, Keslacy S, Coletti D. Exercise-mediated reinnervation of skeletal muscle in elderly people: An update. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32. [PMID: 35234025 PMCID: PMC8992679 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined by the loss of muscle mass and function. In aging sarcopenia is due to mild chronic inflammation but also to fiber-intrinsic defects, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Age-related sarcopenia is associated with physical disability and lowered quality of life. In addition to skeletal muscle, the nervous tissue is also affected in elderly people. With aging, type 2 fast fibers preferentially undergo denervation and are reinnervated by slow-twitch motor neurons. They spread forming new neuro-muscular junctions with the denervated fibers: the result is an increased proportion of slow fibers that group together since they are associated in the same motor unit. Grouping and fiber type shifting are indeed major histological features of aging skeletal muscle. Exercise has been proposed as an intervention for age-related sarcopenia due to its numerous beneficial effects on muscle mechanical and biochemical features. In 2013, a precursor study in humans was published in the European Journal of Translation Myology (formerly known as Basic and Applied Myology), highlighting the occurrence of reinnervation in the musculature of aged, exercise-trained individuals as compared to the matching control. This paper, entitled «Reinnervation of Vastus lateralis is increased significantly in seniors (70-years old) with a lifelong history of high-level exercise», is now being reprinted for the second issue of the «Ejtm Seminal Paper Series». In this short review we discuss those results in the light of the most recent advances confirming the occurrence of exercise-mediated reinnervation, ultimately preserving muscle structure and function in elderly people who exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coletti
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Gilberto F Acosta
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Stefan Keslacy
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Dario Coletti
- DAHFMO - Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Biological Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm U1164, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Interuniversity institute of Myology, Ro.
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26
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Qin Z, Lu K, Jiang T, Wang M, Weng Y, Tang X, Zhao Y. Evaluating Sarcopenia by Using the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia After Chemotherapy. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:1261-1269. [PMID: 35173465 PMCID: PMC8841647 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s351241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to explore the potential association of body composition parameters measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with the incidence of sarcopenia in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (non-M3) after chemotherapy. Patients and Methods This was a single-center observational study. Sixty-nine patients with newly diagnosed AML underwent BIA at the time of initial diagnosis and after completion of three chemotherapy sessions. Pre- and post-chemotherapy BIA parameters were compared. Sarcopenia was defined as low skeletal muscle mass plus low muscle strength according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). Association of sarcopenia with mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and intracellular water (ICW) was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Results There was a significant increase in the prevalence of sarcopenia after chemotherapy (39.1% vs 14.5%, P<0.001). Skeletal muscle mass (SMM), fat-free mass (FFM), and soft lean mass (SLM) showed a significant decrease after chemotherapy (P<0.05). MAMC, ICW, and total body water (TBW) significantly decreased after chemotherapy (P<0.05). BIA indices including appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) (r=0.889, P<0.001), ICW (r=0.869, P<0.001), MAMC (r=0.849, P<0.001) showed a positive correlation with SMI. Moreover, ASM (r=−0.453 P=0.001), ICW (r=−0.322, P<0.05), and MAMC (r=−0.352, P<0.05) showed a negative correlation with sarcopenia. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, increased ICW was associated with decreased risk of sarcopenia [odds ratio (OR): 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30–0.82]. Each additional unit of MAMC after chemotherapy was associated with 71% lower risk of sarcopenia (OR: 0.29; 95% CI 0.13–0.66). Conclusion The incidence of sarcopenia was associated with chemotherapy of patients with AML (non-M3) as reflected by body composition changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Jiang
- Department of hematopathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of hematopathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Weng
- Department of hematopathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Tang
- Department of hematopathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaoqiong Tang, Department of Hematopathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Yu Zhao, Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China, Email
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27
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Tsekoura M, Billis E, Kastrinis A, Katsoulaki M, Fousekis K, Tsepis E, Konstantoudaki X, Gliatis J. The Effects of Exercise in Patients with Sarcopenia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1337:281-290. [PMID: 34972915 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different types of exercise interventions for treating sarcopenia compared to no specific treatment, a minimal intervention (e.g., education), or another active treatment (nutritional supplements). A review was conducted of the recent English literature searching PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this review, presenting the results of 671 sarcopenic patients. The exercise interventions were resistance training (four studies), a multimodal program (five studies, encompassing resistance training and additional exercises such as aerobic exercises, flexibility, balance and strength training), and a whole body vibration program (one study). Results show that exercise interventions could have beneficial effects in improving muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in 3 months of intervention. Resistance training, added to an adequate nutrition and aerobic exercise, appeared to deliver the most positive outcome after 3 months of intervention. Types of exercise and dose-response parameters of exercise eliciting improvement warrant further investigation. Due to the significant heterogeneity in clinical trials, the current evidence provides limited guidance. Well-designed studies evaluating exercise interventions are needed before treatment guidelines can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsekoura
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - E Billis
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - A Kastrinis
- Scoliosis Spine Laser Clinic, Athens, Greece
| | | | - K Fousekis
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - E Tsepis
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - J Gliatis
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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28
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Furukawa H. Current Clinical Implications of Frailty and Sarcopenia in Vascular Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature and Consideration of Perioperative Management. Ann Vasc Dis 2022; 15:165-174. [PMID: 36310738 PMCID: PMC9558142 DOI: 10.3400/avd.ra.22-00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a well-known geriatric syndrome of impaired physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors. Sarcopenia is also used as a parameter of physical impairment characterized by muscle weakness. As population aging has become more prominent in recent years, both modalities are now regarded as clinically important prognostic tools defined by multidimensional factors that may affect clinical outcomes in various clinical settings. A preoperative surgical risk analysis is mandatory to predict clinical and surgical outcomes in all surgical practices, particularly in high-risk surgical patients. In vascular surgical settings, frailty and sarcopenia have been accepted as useful prognostic tools to evaluate patient characteristics before surgery, as these may predict perioperative clinical and surgical outcomes. Although minimally invasive surgical approaches, such as endovascular therapy, and hybrid approaches have been universally developed, achieving good vascular surgical outcomes for high-risk cohorts remains to be challenge due to the increasing prevalence of elderly patients and multiple preoperative co-morbidities in addition to frailty and sarcopenia. Therefore, to further improve clinical and surgical outcomes, these preoperative geriatric prognostic factors will be of great importance and interest in vascular surgical settings for both physicians and surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Furukawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Adachi Medical Center
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29
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Liu D, Fan YB, Tao XH, Pan WL, Wu YX, Wang XH, He YQ, Xiao WF, Li YS. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Sarcopenia: Updated Overview of Mechanisms and Interventions. Aging Dis 2021; 12:2016-2030. [PMID: 34881083 PMCID: PMC8612607 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common geriatric disorder characterized by decreased muscle strength, low muscle mass and poor physical performance. This aging-related skeletal muscle deterioration leads to adverse outcomes and severely impairs the quality of life of patients. The accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria with aging is an important factor in the occurrence and progression of sarcopenia. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) fundamentally ensures the normal mitochondrial functions and is comprised of four main parts: proteostasis, biogenesis, dynamics and autophagy. Therefore, any pathophysiologic factors compromising the quality control of homeostasis in the skeletal muscle may lead to sarcopenia. However, the specific theoretical aspects of these processes have not been fully elucidated. Current therapeutic interventions using nutritional and pharmaceutical treatments show a modest therapeutic efficacy; however, only physical exercise is recommended as the first-line therapy for sarcopenia, which can ameliorate skeletal muscle deficiency by maintaining the homeostatic MQC. In this review, we summarized the known mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcopenia by impairing normal mitochondrial functions and described potential interventions that mitigate sarcopenia through improving MQC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Bin Fan
- 2Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang provincial people's hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Tao
- 2Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang provincial people's hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wei-Li Pan
- 2Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang provincial people's hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wu
- 3School of Kinesiology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Wang
- 4Xiang Ya Nursing School, The Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yu-Qiong He
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,5National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,5National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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30
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Pérez-Piñero S, Ávila-Gandía V, Rubio Arias JA, Muñoz-Carrillo JC, Losada-Zafrilla P, López-Román FJ. A 12-Week Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial, Evaluating the Effect of Supplementation with a Spinach Extract on Skeletal Muscle Fitness in Adults Older Than 50 Years of Age. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124373. [PMID: 34959924 PMCID: PMC8706266 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of a 12-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was to assess the effect of daily supplementation with a natural extract of Spinacia oleracea L. (4 × 500 mg capsules/day; total 2 g per day) combined with a moderate-intensity training program (1 h session/3 times a week) on skeletal muscle fitness in adults over 50 years of age. Muscle strength assessed by isokinetic and isometric dynamometry improved significantly in the experimental (n = 23) and the placebo (n = 22) groups, but the magnitude of improvement was higher in the experimental group, with between-group differences in almost all variables, including isokinetic at 60° s−1 in knee extension, peak torque (p < 0.007); total work per repetition maximum (p < 0.009); isokinetic at 180°s−1 in knee extension, peak torque (p < 0.002); total work (p < 0.007); total work per repetition maximum (p < 0.005); average power (p < 0.027); isometric in knee extension, peak torque (p < 0.005); and average peak torque (p < 0.002). Similar findings were observed for muscle quality. Changes in quality of life (SF-36) were not found, except for improvements in the role physical (p < 0.023) and role emotional (p < 0.001) domains, likely as a result of the physical training sessions. A nutritional survey did not revealed changes in dietary habits. No adverse events were recorded. In subjects over 50 years of age, moderate-intensity strength training combined with daily supplementation for 12 weeks with a natural extract of Spinacia oleracea L. improved muscle-related variables and muscle quality. Maintaining muscle health is a key component of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pérez-Piñero
- Sports Physiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, E-30107 Murcia, Spain; (S.P.-P.); (J.C.M.-C.); (P.L.-Z.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - Vicente Ávila-Gandía
- Sports Physiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, E-30107 Murcia, Spain; (S.P.-P.); (J.C.M.-C.); (P.L.-Z.); (F.J.L.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968278757
| | | | - Juan Carlos Muñoz-Carrillo
- Sports Physiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, E-30107 Murcia, Spain; (S.P.-P.); (J.C.M.-C.); (P.L.-Z.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - Pilar Losada-Zafrilla
- Sports Physiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, E-30107 Murcia, Spain; (S.P.-P.); (J.C.M.-C.); (P.L.-Z.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - Francisco Javier López-Román
- Sports Physiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, E-30107 Murcia, Spain; (S.P.-P.); (J.C.M.-C.); (P.L.-Z.); (F.J.L.-R.)
- Primary Care Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30120 Murcia, Spain
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Choi M, Kim H, Bae J. Does the combination of resistance training and a nutritional intervention have a synergic effect on muscle mass, strength, and physical function in older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:639. [PMID: 34772342 PMCID: PMC8588667 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-promoting interventions are important for preventing frailty and sarcopenia in older adults. However, there is limited evidence that nutritional interventions yield additional effects when combined with resistance training. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of nutritional interventions with resistance training and that of resistance training alone. METHODS Randomized controlled trials published in peer-reviewed journals prior to July 2020 were retrieved from databases and other sources. The articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using Cochrane's risk of bias tool 2. A meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.4 program and STATA 16 program. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed no significant differences between groups in muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical functional performance. In the subgroup analysis regarding the types of nutritional interventions, creatine showed significant effects on lean body mass (n = 4, MD 2.61, 95% CI 0.51 to 4.72). Regarding the other subgroup analyses, there were no significant differences in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (p = .43), hand grip strength (p = .73), knee extension strength (p = .09), chair stand test results (p = .31), or timed up-and-go test results (p = .31). In the meta-regression, moderators such as the mean age of subjects and duration of interventions were not associated with outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis showed that nutritional interventions with resistance training have no additional effect on body composition, muscle strength, or physical function. Only creatine showed synergistic effects with resistance training on muscle mass. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42021224843 .
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Affiliation(s)
- MoonKi Choi
- College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, 24341
| | - Hayeon Kim
- Seoul Women's College of Nursing, Ganhodae-ro 38, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 03617
| | - Juyeon Bae
- Department of Nursing, Yeoju Institute of Technology, Sejong-ro 338, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 12652.
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Prognostic Effect of Preoperative Psoas Muscle Hounsfield Unit at Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225629. [PMID: 34830784 PMCID: PMC8616271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard treatment for patients with advanced bladder cancer. Since RC is a highly invasive procedure, the surgical indications in an aging society must be carefully judged. In recent years, the concept of "frailty" has been attracting attention as a term used to describe fragility due to aging. We focused on the psoas muscle Hounsfield unit (PMHU) and analyzed its appropriateness as a prognostic factor together with other clinical factors in patients after RC. We retrospectively analyzed the preoperative prognostic factors in 177 patients with bladder cancer who underwent RC between 2008 and 2020. Preoperative non-contrast computed tomography axial image at the third lumbar vertebral level was used to measure the mean Hounsfield unit (HU) and cross-sectional area (mm2) of the psoas muscle. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in age, sex, clinical T stage, and PMHU. In multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, age (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.734), sex (HR = 2.116), cT stage (HR = 1.665), and PMHU (HR = 1.758) were significant predictors for overall survival. Furthermore, using these four predictors, it was possible to stratify the prognosis of patients after RC. Finally, PMHU was useful as a simple and significant preoperative factor that correlated with prognosis after RC.
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Takegaki J, Sase K, Kono Y, Nakano D, Fujita T, Konishi S, Fujita S. Intramuscular injection of mesenchymal stem cells activates anabolic and catabolic systems in mouse skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21224. [PMID: 34707171 PMCID: PMC8551189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass is critical for good quality of life. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells distributed across various tissues. They are characterized by the capacity to secrete growth factors and differentiate into skeletal muscle cells. These capabilities suggest that MSCs might be beneficial for muscle growth. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the effects on muscle protein anabolic and catabolic systems of intramuscular injection of MSCs into skeletal muscle. Therefore, in the present study, we measured changes in mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, the ubiquitin–proteasome system, and autophagy-lysosome system-related factors after a single intramuscular injection of MSCs with green fluorescence protein (GFP) into mouse muscles. The intramuscularly-injected MSCs were retained in the gastrocnemius muscle for 7 days after the injection, indicated by detection of GFP and expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha. The injection of MSCs increased the expression of satellite cell-related genes, activated mTORC1 signaling and muscle protein synthesis, and increased protein ubiquitination and autophagosome formation (indicated by the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II). These results suggest that the intramuscular injection of MSCs activated muscle anabolic and catabolic systems and accelerated muscle protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Takegaki
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.,Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kohei Sase
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kono
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Daiki Nakano
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takuya Fujita
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konishi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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Effects of Milk or Soy Milk Combined with Mild Resistance Exercise on the Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength in Very Old Nursing Home Residents with Sarcopenia. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112581. [PMID: 34828861 PMCID: PMC8623877 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Sarcopenia is recognized as a major public health issue, because it is prevalent in the elderly, especially those who live in long-term care facilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of milk or soy milk combined with resistance exercise on the muscle mass and muscle strength of individual elderly nursing home residents with sarcopenia. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial (clincaltrials.gov as NCT05035121) that recruited very old (>75 years) subjects with sarcopenia in a nursing home (Su-Ao and Yuanshan Branches, Taipei Veterans General Hospital) from June to December 2017. Thirty-five elderly (84.9 ± 6.1 years old) subjects were recruited and divided into three groups: control (n = 12), milk supplemented (n = 12), and soy milk supplemented (n = 11). All participants joined a mild resistance exercise training program three times a week (30 min/time). Moreover, elderly subjects in the milk and soy milk groups drank 200 mL of milk or soy milk for breakfast and as a snack after exercise. Results: After 12 weeks, compared to the baseline, calf circumferences had significantly increased in the control and soy milk groups (p = 0.0362 and p = 0.0197, respectively). Hand grip strength had significantly improved in the milk and soy milk groups (p = 0.0407 and p = 0.0096, respectively). In addition, there was no difference among the three groups. Conclusions: Mild resistance exercise combined with milk or soy milk improved the calf circumference and hand grip strength in very old nursing home residents with sarcopenia.
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Haigis D, Matting L, Wagner S, Sudeck G, Frahsa A, Thiel A, Eschweiler G, Nieß AM. Identification of Sarcopenic Obesity in German Nursing Home Residents-The Role of Body Composition and Malnutrition in the BaSAlt Cohort-Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113791. [PMID: 34836048 PMCID: PMC8625583 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a phenotype, which is defined by reduced muscle strength, muscle mass, and obesity. Limited mobility leads to increased sedentary behavior and decreased physical activity. Both sarcopenia and obesity are aggravated by these factors. In combination, SO is an additional challenge for the setting nursing home (NH). Previous studies have shown a low prevalence of residents with SO in comparable settings, such as community-dwelling. We hypothesize that the BaSAlt cohort also has a small proportion of residents with SO. Methods: For the analysis, 66 residents (women: 74.2%) aged ≥ 65 years from NH, were screened for SO based on EWGSOP2 specifications and cut-off values to classify obesity. Results: Severe sarcopenia was quantified in eleven residents (16.7%). The majority of sarcopenic residents were women (n = 10) compared to men (n = 1). However, no SO could be identified by assessment of body mass index, fat mass in percentage, and fat mass index. Conclusion: As expected, the setting-specific cohort showed a low number of SO. Furthermore, no case of SO was identified in our study. Sarcopenia was associated with an increased fat-free mass in NH residents. Nevertheless, sarcopenia and obesity play important roles in the preservation of residents’ health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Haigis
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.); (A.M.N.)
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.F.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Leon Matting
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.F.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silas Wagner
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.); (A.M.N.)
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.F.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Frahsa
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.F.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.F.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Eschweiler
- Centre for Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Andreas Michael Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.); (A.M.N.)
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.F.); (A.T.)
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[Protein intake in community-dwelling postmenopausal women and its relationship with sarcopenia]. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:1209-1216. [PMID: 34666497 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES the general aging of the population is related to the increase in the prevalence of sarcopenic disease; especially among older women, this pathology is closely related to nutrition and specifically to protein consumption in older adults. The aim of our study was to evaluate the possible relationship between a low protein intake and a higher prevalence of sarcopenic disease, a worse dietary pattern, and lower physical performance in postmenopausal women living in the community. MATERIAL AND METHODS the study was carried out in a total of 164 independent women over 65 years of age, recruited from a municipal social center in Valencia (Benimaclet). The presence of sarcopenic pathology was evaluated using the latest algorithm published by EWGSOP2, and the intake of nutrients through a three-day dietary record. Physical performance was evaluated through the iPaq-e questionnaire, as well as the SPPB test and the 4-meter gait speed test. RESULTS the total sample comprised 164 women with a mean age of ± 72 years; 26.2 % of the sample had a protein intake lower than recommended by the FAO/WHO; 25.6 % of the women presented some stage of sarcopenia; regarding the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity, 12.2 % of the sample was affected by this disease. Significant relationships were found between protein consumption and the prevalence of sarcopenia (p = 0.021) and sarcopenic obesity (p = 0.043). Significant related differences were found between the majority of macronutrients and micronutrients under study and protein consumption. No relationship was found between protein intake and physical performance. CONCLUSIONS protein consumption in most of the women studied (73.8 %) was higher than the daily recommendations established by the FAO/WHO. There was a significant relationship between the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, and low protein intake. Higher protein intake was associated with a higher energy intake pattern. No relationship was found between protein intake and physical performance of the participants.
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Healthy Eating Index-2015 Is Associated with Grip Strength among the US Adult Population. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103358. [PMID: 34684359 PMCID: PMC8540420 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) was designed to reflect adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). The study aims to examine the association between HEI-2015 and grip strength in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. adult population. This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of 2011-2014. Low grip strength was defined as <35.5 kg for men and <20 kg for women. HEI-2015 was computed from two days of 24-h dietary recalls and comprised 13 components. Each component was scored on the density out of 1000 calories and summed to a total score divided into quartiles. Weighted logistic regressions examined the study aim while controlling for associated covariates. The sample included 9006 eligible participants, of those, 14.4% (aged 20+ years), and 24.8% (aged ≥50 years) had low grip strength. Mean (±SD) HEI-2015 total score was 54.2 ± 13.6 and in the lowest and highest quartiles 37.3 ± 5.1 and 72.0 ± 6.5, respectively. In the multivariable model, participants in the highest vs. lowest HEI-2015 quartile had 24% lower odds of having low grip strength (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60-0.96). Specifically, participants who met the DGA for protein intakes, whole grains, greens and beans, vegetables, or whole fruits had 20-35% lower odds of having low grip strength than those who did not. Higher compliance to the DGA might reduce the risk for low grip strength as a proxy measure for sarcopenia among U.S. adults, particularly adequate intakes of proteins, whole grains, greens and beans, vegetables, and whole fruits.
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Muscle Exercise Mitigates the Negative Influence of Low Socioeconomic Status on the Lack of Muscle Strength: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101244. [PMID: 34682924 PMCID: PMC8535718 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES), which takes into account household income and education level, is an important factor in the role of muscle strength as a discriminator of sarcopenia. Although the benefits of exercise on muscle strength are well recognized, its influence on people of different SES has not been fully elucidated, informing the aim of this study. A total of 6081 subjects, for which we had complete data on measurements of handgrip strength (HGS) and other relevant variables, were included from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) VII-3. A multivariable analysis showed that people with a low household income (odds ratio (OR) 1.637, p = 0.005) and low education status (OR 2.351, p < 0.001) had a poor HGS compared to those with a high SES, and that the difference in HGS made by muscle exercise was greater for people with a low household income (OR 7.082 vs. 3.619, p < 0.001) and low education status (OR 14.711 vs. 6.383, p < 0.001). Three-step logistic regression analysis showed that muscle exercise mediated the relationship between muscle strength and low household income (OR from 1.772 to 1.736, z = 2.373, p = 0.017) and low education level (OR from 2.368 to 2.309, z = 2.489, p = 0.012). This study confirmed that exercise improves the negative effect of SES on muscle strength, suggesting the greater importance of muscle exercise for people with a low SES.
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The Effectiveness of Nutrition Interventions Combined with Exercise in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082842. [PMID: 34445002 PMCID: PMC8400981 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition and muscle wasting are associated with impaired physical functioning and quality of life in oncology patients. Patients diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are considered at high risk of malnutrition and impaired function. Due to continuous improvement in upper GI cancer survival rates, there has been an increased focus on multimodal interventions aimed at minimizing the adverse effects of cancer treatments and enhancing survivors’ quality of life. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combined nutritional and exercise interventions in improving muscle wasting, physical functioning, and quality of life in patients with upper GI cancer. A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINHAL. Of the 4780 identified articles, 148 were selected for full-text review, of which 5 studies met the inclusion criteria. Whilst reviewed studies showed promising effects of multimodal interventions on physical functioning, no significant differences in postoperative complications and hospital stay were observed. Limited available evidence showed conflicting results regarding the effectiveness of these interventions on preserving muscle mass and improving health-related quality of life. Further studies examining the impact of nutrition and exercise interventions on upper GI patient outcomes are required and would benefit from reporting a core outcome set.
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Shen M, Zhang W, Wu G, Zhu L, Qi X, Zhang H. A systematic review and meta-analysis: Effects of protein hydrolysate supplementation on fat-free mass and strength in resistance-trained individuals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:964-974. [PMID: 34319174 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1956877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The quality of the existing evidence on the effects of protein hydrolysate supplementation on fat-free mass (FFM) and upper and lower body strength under resistance exercise intervention has not been evaluated. We conducted a structured literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus database. A random effect model was used with continuous data of FFM and upper and lower body strength for healthy participants over 18 years old who received resistance training for ≥4 weeks and took protein hydrolysate or equivalent control supplements. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also conducted. Data from 330 participants in eight studies showed that supplemental protein hydrolysate had a positive effect on the FFM (n = 13, SMD = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.16-0.56, P = 0.000) and lower (n = 7, SMD = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.16-0.69, P = 0.001) and upper (n = 5, SMD = 0.17, 95% CI: -0.06-0.41, P = 0.145) body strength of resistance-trained individuals compared with placebo, showing an increase in physical fitness and muscle strength. However, the current evidence is insufficient to establish ingestion recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiguang Qi
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Effects of Protein-Rich Nutritional Composition Supplementation on Sarcopenia Indices and Physical Activity during Resistance Exercise Training in Older Women with Knee Osteoarthritis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082487. [PMID: 34444645 PMCID: PMC8399515 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are at high risk of sarcopenia. Protein-rich nutritional composition supplementation (PS) combined with resistance exercise training (RET) improves muscle gains and facilitates physical activity in older adults. However, whether PS augments the effects of RET on muscle mass and PA in patients with KOA remains unclear. Therefore, this study identified the effects of PS on sarcopenic indices and PA in older women with KOA subjected to an RET program. Eligible older women aged 60–85 years and diagnosed as having KOA were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG). Both groups performed RET twice a week for 12 weeks. The EG received additional PS during this period. Outcome measures included appendicular lean mass index, walking speed, physical activity, and scores on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index—WOMAC). All measures were tested at baseline and after intervention. With participant characteristics and baseline scores as covariates, analysis of variance was performed to identify between-group differences in changes in all outcome measures after intervention. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Compared with the CG, the EG achieved greater changes in appendicular lean mass index (adjusted mean difference (aMD) = 0.19 kg/m2, p < 0.01), physical activity (aMD = 30.0 MET-hour/week, p < 0.001), walking speed (aMD = 0.09 m/s, p < 0.05), and WOMAC global function (aMD = −8.21, p < 0.001) after intervention. In conclusion, PS exerted augmentative effects on sarcopenic indices, physical activity, and perceived global WOMAC score in older women with KOA through 12 weeks of RET.
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Peripheral Blood T Cell Gene Expression Responses to Exercise and HMB in Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072313. [PMID: 34371826 PMCID: PMC8308783 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is a major health problem in older adults. Exercise and nutrient supplementation have been shown to be effective interventions but there are limited studies to investigate their effects on the management of sarcopenia and its possible underlying mechanisms. Here, we studied T cell gene expression responses to interventions in sarcopenia. Methods: The results of this study were part of a completed trial examining the effectiveness of a 12-week intervention with exercise and nutrition supplementation in community-dwelling Chinese older adults with sarcopenia, based on the available blood samples at baseline and 12 weeks from 46 randomized participants from three study groups, namely: exercise program alone (n = 11), combined-exercise program and nutrition supplement (n = 23), and waitlist control group (n = 12). T cell gene expression was evaluated, with emphasis on inflammation-related genes. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was performed on CD3 T cells in 38 selected genes. Correlation analysis was performed to relate the results of gene expression analysis with lower limb muscle strength performance, measured using leg extension tests. Results: Our results showed a significant improvement in leg extension for both the exercise program alone and the combined groups (p < 0.001). Nine genes showed significant pre- and post-difference in gene expression over 12 weeks of intervention in the combined group. Seven genes (RASGRP1, BIN1, LEF1, ANXA6, IL-7R, LRRN3, and PRKCQ) showed an interaction effect between intervention and gene expression levels on leg extension in the confirmatory analysis, with confounder variables controlled and FDR correction. Conclusions: Our findings showed that T cell-specific inflammatory gene expression was changed significantly after 12 weeks of intervention with combined exercise and HMB supplementation in sarcopenia, and that this was associated with lower limb muscle strength performance.
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Belury MA, Cole RM, Andridge R, Keiter A, Raman SV, Lustberg MB, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Erythrocyte Long-Chain ω-3 Fatty Acids Are Positively Associated with Lean Mass and Grip Strength in Women with Recent Diagnoses of Breast Cancer. J Nutr 2021; 151:2125-2133. [PMID: 34036350 PMCID: PMC8349126 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia may hasten the risk of mortality in women with breast cancer. Long-chain omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFAs) may favor muscle mass which, in turn, could enhance resilience of cancer patients toward cancer treatment. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to measure the relation of erythrocyte LCn-3PUFA concentrations with lean mass, grip strength, and postprandial energy metabolism in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis evaluated women (n = 150) ages 65 y and younger who were recently diagnosed with breast cancer (stages I-III). Erythrocyte LCn-3PUFA composition was measured using GC. Body composition was measured by DXA. Grip strength was assessed at the same visit. Postprandial energy metabolism was measured for 7.5 h after the consumption of a high-calorie, high-saturated-fat test meal using indirect calorimetry. Associations of fatty acids with outcomes were analyzed using multiple linear regression models and linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS The ω-3 index, a measurement of LCn-3PUFA status, was positively associated with appendicular lean mass (ALM)/BMI (β = 0.015, P = 0.01) and grip strength (β = 0.757, P = 0.04) after adjusting data for age and cancer stage. However, when cardiorespiratory fitness was also included in the analyses, these relations were no longer significant (P > 0.08). After a test meal, a higher ω-3 index was associated with a less steep rise in fat oxidation (P = 0.02) and a steeper decline in glucose (P = 0.01) when adjusting for age, BMI, cancer stage, and cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS The ω-3 index was positively associated with ALM/BMI and grip strength in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer and was associated with altered postprandial substrate metabolism. These findings warrant further studies to determine whether enriching the diet with LCn-3PUFAs during and after cancer treatments is causally linked with better muscle health and metabolic outcomes in breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel M Cole
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,The Ohio State University Nutrition Doctoral Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Andridge
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashleigh Keiter
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Subha V Raman
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University College of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maryam B Lustberg
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Zhang Y, Zou L, Chen ST, Bae JH, Kim DY, Liu X, Song W. Effects and Moderators of Exercise on Sarcopenic Components in Sarcopenic Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:649748. [PMID: 34095166 PMCID: PMC8169963 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.649748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is a muscle disease in loss of muscle strength, mass, and function associated with aging. Although protective effects of exercise on muscle mass and function are generally recognized, research findings in sarcopenic adults are inconsistent. It is necessary to conduct a systematic review to determine the effects of exercise on muscle strength, body composition, and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia, and to examine the potential moderators including sociodemographic characteristics and exercise-related factors. Methods: Six electronical academic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus) were used to retrieve the eligible studies from inception to May 2020. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted the data from each included study, and effect sizes were calculated by employing random-effect models with 95% confidential interval (CI). The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess study quality. Results: Seventeen studies (985 participants with sarcopenia, aged 67.6–86 years) were included in this review study. The meta-analytic results showed significant improvements in muscle strength [grip strength, SMD = 0.30, 95% CI (0.15, 0.45), I2 = 6%, p < 0.01; knee extension, SMD = 0.32, 95% CI (0.15, 0.50), I2 = 0%, p < 0.01; and chair and stand, SMD = 0.56, 95% CI (0.30, 0.81), I2 = 36%, p < 0.01], in physical performance [timed up and go, SMD = 0.74, 95% CI (0.48, 1.00), I2 = 0%, p < 0.01; and gait speed, SMD = 0.59, 95% CI (0.35, 0.82), I2 = 62%, p < 0.01], and in body composition [skeletal muscle mass index, SMD = 0.37, 95% CI (0.15, 0.58), I2 = 16%, p < 0.01; and appendicular skeletal muscle, SMD = 0.31, 95% CI (0.13, 0.49), I2 = 20%, p < 0.01]. However, there were no significant differences in other body composition (SMD = 0.20–0.36). Additionally, meta-regression revealed that the higher percent of female participants was significantly associated with improved gait speed (β = 0.0096, p = 0.03) and decreased skeletal muscle mass index (β = −0.0092, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The current meta-analysis suggests that exercise is a beneficial therapy, which has protective effects for older adults with sarcopenia. Some beneficial effects may be moderated by gender and exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Physical Education Unit, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation and Mental, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Si-Tong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jun Hyun Bae
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Chinese Traditional Regimen Exercise Intervention Research Center, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Wook Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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45
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Curcumin-Loaded Hydrophobic Surface-Modified Hydroxyapatite as an Antioxidant for Sarcopenia Prevention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040616. [PMID: 33923718 PMCID: PMC8073515 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and later-induced chronic inflammation have been reported to play an important role on the progression of sarcopenia. Current treatments for sarcopenia are mainly administered to patients whom sarcopenia already developed. However, there has been no promising results shown in therapy. Therefore, the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies against sarcopenia would be necessary. Curcumin is a traditional medicine that possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. In the present study, hydroxyapatite was subjected to hydrophobic surface modifications for curcumin loading (Cur-SHAP). It was, subsequently, utilized for delivery to the patient's body via intramuscular injection in order to achieve constant release for more than 2 weeks, preventing the progression of the sarcopenia or even leading to recovery from the early stage of the illness. According to the results of WST-1, LIVE/DEAD, DCFDA, and gene expression assays, Cur-SHAP exhibited good biocompatibility and showed great antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effects through the endocytic pathway. The results of the animal studies showed that the muscle endurance, grip strength, and fat/lean mass ratio were all improved in Cur-SHAP-treated rats from LPS-induced sarcopenia. In summary, we successfully synthesized hydrophobic surface modification hydroxyapatite for curcumin loading (Cur-SHAP) and drug delivery via the IM route. The LPS-induced sarcopenia rats were able to recover from disease after the Cur-SHAP treatment.
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Lackinger C, Grabovac I, Haider S, Kapan A, Winzer E, Stein KV, Dorner TE. Adherence Is More Than Just Being Present: Example of a Lay-Led Home-Based Programme with Physical Exercise, Nutritional Improvement and Social Support, in Prefrail and Frail Community-Dwelling Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4192. [PMID: 33920981 PMCID: PMC8071284 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the implementation of lifestyle interventions in frail, community-dwelling people. This study highlights different domains of adherence to explain an effectively delivered home-based intervention. METHODS Eighty prefrail and frail persons (≥65 years) participated in a physical training, nutritional, and social support intervention over 24 weeks. A detailed log book was kept for comprehensive documentation in order to assess adherence and further organizational, exercise, and nutritional parameters. RESULTS Participants reached an adherence rate (performed home visits/number of planned visits) of 84.0/80.5% from week 1-12/13-24. Out of those, 59% carried out ≥75% of the offered visits. Older age was associated with a higher adherence rate. A mean of 1.5 (0.6) visits/week (2 were planned) were realized lasting for a mean of 1.5 (0.9) hours (154% of the planned duration). Per visit, 1.2 (0.6) circuits of strength training were performed (60.5% of the planned value) and 0.5 (0.3) nutritional interventions (47%). After twelve months, 4.2% still carried out the home visits regularly and 25.0% occasionally. CONCLUSION Adherence is much more than "being there". Adherence rate and category are limited parameters to describe the implementation of a complex lifestyle intervention, therefore a comprehensive documentation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lackinger
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, 3454 Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria; (K.V.S.); (T.E.D.)
- Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, Gesundheitseinrichtung Sitzenberg-Reidling, 3454 Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria
| | - Igor Grabovac
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1080 Vienna, Austria; (I.G.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (E.W.)
| | - Sandra Haider
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1080 Vienna, Austria; (I.G.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (E.W.)
| | - Ali Kapan
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1080 Vienna, Austria; (I.G.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (E.W.)
| | - Eva Winzer
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1080 Vienna, Austria; (I.G.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (E.W.)
| | - K. Viktoria Stein
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, 3454 Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria; (K.V.S.); (T.E.D.)
- Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, Gesundheitseinrichtung Sitzenberg-Reidling, 3454 Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria
| | - Thomas E. Dorner
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, 3454 Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria; (K.V.S.); (T.E.D.)
- Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, Gesundheitseinrichtung Sitzenberg-Reidling, 3454 Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1080 Vienna, Austria; (I.G.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (E.W.)
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Tatsumi M, Kumagai S, Abe T, Murakami S, Takeda H, Shichinohe T, Watanabe Y, Katayama S, Hirai S, Honda A, Takekuma Y, Sugawara M. Sarcopenia in a patient with most serious complications after highly invasive surgeries treated with nutrition, rehabilitation, and pharmacotherapy: a case report. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2021; 7:16. [PMID: 33820554 PMCID: PMC8022529 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-021-00197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported the implementation of nutrition therapy and rehabilitation for acute and critical illnesses. However, rehabilitation nutrition for elderly sarcopenia patients with extremely severe postoperative complications during hospitalization has not yet been established. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 70-year-old man with sarcopenia that developed as a postoperative complication of the surgical resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and left the patient bedridden from prolonged malnutrition and muscle weakness. The patient's general condition improved after a nearly 6-month intervention by our Nutrition Support Team (NST) that combined nutrition, exercise, and pharmacotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The appropriate timing and order of pharmacotherapy, nutrient administration, exercise therapy, and team collaboration may enable elderly patients with severe (secondary) sarcopenia and postoperative complications to regain self-sustained walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Tatsumi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14, Nishi 5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Satomi Kumagai
- Department of Nutrition, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiro Abe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Soichi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shichinohe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuko Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14, Nishi 5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Katayama
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14, Nishi 5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Shiaki Hirai
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14, Nishi 5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Aiko Honda
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14, Nishi 5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Yoh Takekuma
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14, Nishi 5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sugawara
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14, Nishi 5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan.
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To Synthesize Hydroxyapatite by Modified Low Temperature Method Loaded with Bletilla striata Polysaccharide as Antioxidant for the Prevention of Sarcopenia by Intramuscular Administration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030488. [PMID: 33804703 PMCID: PMC8035982 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been suggested as an important factor in the progress of sarcopenia. The current treatments for sarcopenia have the disadvantages of insufficient effect or daily administration. Therefore, an alternative for effective, safety and long-term treatment may be a solution for unmet needs. Bletilla striata polysaccharide has been reported to have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we used Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) combined with hydroxyapatite, a carrier. We hypothesized that the resulting combination (BSP-HAP) is a good formula for the controlled release of BSP via intramuscular (IM) administration, so as to prevent the worsening of presarcopenia or even recover from the early stage of the illness. In this research, BSP-HAP was synthesized by a modified low temperature co-precipitation process that would be beneficial for BSP loading. By conducting DCFDA, WST-1 and the Live/Dead assay, BSP-HAP is shown to be a biocompatible material which may release BSP by cells through the endocytosis pathway. Animal studies revealed that the rats treated with BSP-HAP could effectively recover muscle endurance, grip strength or fat/lean mass ratio from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sarcopenia. This study shows BSP delivered by BSP-HAP system has potential for application in the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia in the future.
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Iida H, Seki T, Sakai Y, Watanabe T, Wakao N, Matsui H, Imagama S. Low muscle mass affect hip fracture treatment outcomes in older individuals: a single-institution case-control study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:259. [PMID: 33750363 PMCID: PMC7945055 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although sarcopenia has been known as a risk factor for hip fracture, only a few reports have described the impact of muscle mass on hip fracture treatment outcomes. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of muscle mass on hip fracture treatment outcomes. Methods This case–control study involved 337 patients (67 males and 270 females) with hip fracture aged ≥65 years (mean age: 84.1 ± 7.1 years) who underwent orthopedic surgery from January 2013 to June 2019. The mean follow-up period was 17.1 (1–60) months. Upon admission, all patients were assessed for low muscle mass according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria (male, SMI < 7.00 kg/m2; female, SMI < 5.40 kg/m2) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Treatment outcomes (stays at acute care institutions, hospital mortality, the Barthel index at discharge, and home discharge rates, and one-year mortality) were compared between patients with and without low muscle mass by Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and the Pearson Chi-Square test. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors related to low muscle mass. Kaplan–Meier survival curves on one-year mortality of hip fracture patients for those with and without low muscle mass were prepared, and log-rank tests were performed. Furthermore, we determined whether low muscle mass was a risk factor for one-year mortality in hip fracture patients using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results The prevalence of low muscle mass in patients with hip fracture was 231(68.5%). Those with low muscle mass had a lower Barthel index (P < 0.0001), hospital discharge rate (P = 0.035) and higher one-year mortality (P = 0.010). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for age and sex found that low muscle mass was a risk factor for one-year mortality (hazard ratio, 3.182, 95% confidence interval, 1.097–9.226, P = 0.033). Conclusions Patients with hip fracture who had low muscle mass had a lower Barthel index, lower home discharge rate, and higher one-year mortality. Moreover, low muscle mass was identified as a risk factor for one-year mortality among those with hip fracture. The aforementioned findings may help clinicians better manage those with hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Iida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Taisuke Seki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Wakao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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50
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Welch C, Majid Z, Greig C, Gladman J, Masud T, Jackson T. Interventions to ameliorate reductions in muscle quantity and function in hospitalised older adults: a systematic review towards acute sarcopenia treatment. Age Ageing 2021; 50:394-404. [PMID: 33098419 PMCID: PMC7936029 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assimilate evidence for interventions to ameliorate negative changes in physical performance, muscle strength and muscle quantity in hospitalised older adults. METHODS We searched for articles using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane library using terms for randomised controlled trials, older adults, hospitalisation and change in muscle quantity, strength or physical performance. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We calculated standardised mean differences for changes in muscle function/quantity pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS We identified 9,805 articles; 9,614 were excluded on title/abstract; 147 full texts were excluded. We included 44 studies including 4,522 participants; mean age 79.1. Twenty-seven studies (n = 3,417) involved physical activity interventions; a variety were trialled. Eleven studies involved nutritional interventions (n = 676). One trial involved testosterone (n = 39), two involved Growth Hormone (n = 53), one involved nandrolone (n = 29), and another involved erythropoietin (n = 141). Three studies (n = 206) tested Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation. Evidence for effectiveness/efficacy was limited. Strongest evidence was for multi-component physical activity interventions. However, all studies exhibited at least some concerns for overall risk of bias, and considering inconsistencies of effect sizes across studies, certainty around true effect sizes is limited. CONCLUSION There is currently insufficient evidence for effective interventions to ameliorate changes in muscle function/quantity in hospitalised older adults. Multiple interventions have been safely trialled in heterogeneous populations across different settings. Treatment may need to be stratified to individual need. Larger scale studies testing combinations of interventions are warranted. Research aimed at understanding pathophysiology of acute sarcopenia will enable careful risk stratification and targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Welch
- Address correspondence to: Carly Welch, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, B15 2GW, UK. Tel: +01213713243.
| | - Zeinab Majid
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carolyn Greig
- Medical Research Council and Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - John Gladman
- Medical Research Council and Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tahir Masud
- Medical Research Council and Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre: Musculoskeletal Disease theme, Nottingham, UK
- Healthcare of Older People, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Thomas Jackson
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Medical Research Council and Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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