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Abrahin O, Abrahin RP, Guimarães M, de Holanda VBT, Figueiredo FADPL, Viana Rosa B, de Sousa Neto IV, Rolnick N, de Melo GF, Prestes EF, da Cunha Nascimento D. Blood pressure responsiveness to resistance training in the hypertensive older adult: a randomized controlled study. Blood Press Monit 2024; 29:71-81. [PMID: 38300019 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Different lifestyle changes have been employed to improve clinical hypertension. However, there is scarce evidence on the blood pressure responsiveness to resistance training (RT) in hypertensive older adults. Consequently, little is known about some participants clinically reducing blood pressure and others not. Thus, we investigate the effects and responsiveness of RT on blood pressure in hypertensive older adults. We secondarily evaluated the biochemical risk factors for cardiovascular disease and functional performance. Older participants with hypertension were randomly assigned into RT (n = 27) and control group (n = 25). Blood pressure, functional performance (timed up and go, handgrip strength, biceps curl and sit-to-stand), fasting glucose, and lipid profiles were evaluated preintervention and postintervention. The statistic was performed in a single-blind manner, the statistician did not know who was the control and RT. RT was effective in reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) (pre 135.7 ± 14.7; post 124.7 ± 11.0; P < 0.001) and the responses to RT stimuli varied noticeably between hypertensive older adults after 12 weeks. For example, 13 and 1 responders displayed a minimal clinical important difference for SBP attenuation (10.9 mmHg) in the RT and control groups, respectively. RT improved the functional performance of older people with hypertension, while no differences were found in biochemical parameters (triglycerides, HDL, LDL, fasting glucose) after 12 weeks. In conclusion, responses to RT stimuli varied noticeably between hypertensive individuals and RT was effective in reducing SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilon Abrahin
- Laboratory of Resistance Exercise and Health, State University of Para (UEPA), Belém, Pará
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará
| | - Rejane Pequeno Abrahin
- Laboratory of Resistance Exercise and Health, State University of Para (UEPA), Belém, Pará
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará
| | - Mayko Guimarães
- Laboratory of Resistance Exercise and Health, State University of Para (UEPA), Belém, Pará
| | | | | | - Bruno Viana Rosa
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Rolnick
- The Human Performance Mechanic, Lehman College, New York, New York, USA
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Correia RR, Veras ASC, Tebar WR, Rufino JC, Batista VRG, Teixeira GR. Strength training for arterial hypertension treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:201. [PMID: 36604479 PMCID: PMC9814600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world and arterial hypertension (AH) accounts for 13.8% of deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. Strength training interventions could be an important alternative tool for blood pressure control, however, consistent evidence and the most effective training protocol for this purpose are yet to be established. The current study used the Cochrane methodology to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effect of strength training on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and World Health Organization databases. This review included controlled trials that evaluated the effect of strength training for 8 weeks or more in adults with arterial hypertension, published up to December 2020. Data are described and reported as the weighted mean difference of systolic and diastolic pressure and a 95% confidence interval. Protocol registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42020151269. A total of 14 studies were identified, including a combined total of 253 participants with hypertension. The meta-analysis showed that mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased significantly after strength training interventions. The strongest effect of strength training on decreasing blood pressure was observed in protocols with a moderate to vigorous load intensity (> 60% of one-repetition maximum-1RM), a frequency of at least 2 times per week, and a minimum duration of 8 weeks. We concluded that strength training interventions can be used as a non-drug treatment for arterial hypertension, as they promote significant decreases in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ribeiro Correia
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Street Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allice Santos Cruz Veras
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Street Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Rodrigues Tebar
- Center of Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo-USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Costa Rufino
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Street Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Victor Rogério Garcia Batista
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Street Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Street Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil.
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Dantas EHM, de Oliveira Sant’Ana L, Vianna JM, Machado S, Bezerra JCP, Corey MT, Scartoni FR. Chronic Effects of Different Types of Neuromuscular Training on Hemodynamic Responses Estimated VO 2max, and Walking Performance in Older People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:640. [PMID: 36612962 PMCID: PMC9819369 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigated the effects over time of different forms of neuromuscular training on hemodynamic responses, the estimated VO2max, and walking performance. 105 older adults were randomly organized into three groups: RGA, RGB, and the Control Group (CG). RGA and RGB did 4 weeks of adaptation phase training and 12 weeks of intervention with different loads: moderate loads for RGB. and higher loads for RGA. A pre- and post-evaluation of the resting heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), double product (DP), estimated VO2max, and walking performance were assessed. Significant differences were observed for SBP, DBP, HR, and DP. For SBP, a post-evaluation reduction was observed only in RGA (p = 0.007) and when comparing RGA with the Control Group (p < 0.000). For the absolute VO2max, a significant improvement was seen in RGB compared to RGA (p = 0.037) and CG (p < 0.000). For the relative VO2max, RGB scored significantly higher than RGA (p < 0.000) and CG (p < 0.000), post-intervention. For the walk test, a significant reduction in completion times was observed for RGA (p = 0.027) and RGB (p < 0.000), and for RGB compared to RGA (p = 0.000) and CG (p < 0.000). Resistance training can be an excellent strategy for hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory improvement in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas
- Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Nursing and Biosciences—PPgEnfBio, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro—UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Master and Doctor’s Degree Program in Health and Environment—PSA, Tiradentes University—UNIT, Aracaju 49032-390, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Oliveira Sant’Ana
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
- Strength Training Studies and Research Laboratory, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Macedo Vianna
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
- Strength Training Studies and Research Laboratory, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados 26325-020, Brazil
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jani Cleria Pereira Bezerra
- Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Nursing and Biosciences—PPgEnfBio, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro—UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Campo Grande, University Center of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Matthew T. Corey
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA 02143, USA
| | - Fabiana Rodrigues Scartoni
- Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Nursing and Biosciences—PPgEnfBio, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro—UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Laboratory, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Petrópolis 25685-100, Brazil
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Lopez-Jaramillo P, Lopez-Lopez JP, Tole MC, Cohen DD. Increasing muscular strength to improve cardiometabolic risk factors. CLÍNICA E INVESTIGACIÓN EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2022:S0214-9168(22)00136-X. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Clayton ZS, Craighead DH, Darvish S, Coppock M, Ludwig KR, Brunt VE, Seals DR, Rossman MJ. Promoting healthy cardiovascular aging: emerging topics. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2022; 2:43. [PMID: 36337728 PMCID: PMC9632540 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2022.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of age-related cardiovascular (CV) dysfunction increases the risk of CV disease as well as other chronic age-associated disorders, including chronic kidney disease, and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Major manifestations of age-associated CV dysfunction that increase disease risk are vascular dysfunction, primarily vascular endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening, and elevated systolic blood pressure. Declines in nitric oxide bioavailability secondary to increased oxidative stress and inflammation are established mechanisms of CV dysfunction with aging. Moreover, fundamental mechanisms of aging, termed the "hallmarks of aging" extend to the CV system and, as such, may be considered "hallmarks of CV aging". These mechanisms represent viable therapeutic targets for treating CV dysfunction with aging. Healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as regular aerobic exercise and certain dietary patterns, are considered "first-line" strategies to prevent and/or treat age-associated CV dysfunction. Despite the well-established benefits of these strategies, many older adults do not meet the recommended guidelines for exercise or consume a healthy diet. Therefore, it is important to establish alternative and/or complementary evidence-based approaches to prevent or reverse age-related CV dysfunction. Targeting fundamental mechanisms of CV aging with interventions such as time-efficient exercise training, food-derived molecules, termed nutraceuticals, or select synthetic pharmacological agents represents a promising approach. In the present review, we will highlight emerging topics in the field of healthy CV aging with a specific focus on how exercise, nutrition/dietary patterns, nutraceuticals and select synthetic pharmacological compounds may promote healthy CV aging, in part, by targeting the hallmarks of CV aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Daniel H Craighead
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Sanna Darvish
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - McKinley Coppock
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Katelyn R Ludwig
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Inter-individual variations in response to aerobic and resistance training in hypertensive older adults. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1090-1098. [PMID: 35703877 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemodynamic responses to physical training are not homogenous and uniform, and considerable inter-individual variations in the blood pressure of hypertensive individuals are noted in both aerobic and resistance training protocols. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of resistance and aerobic exercise on the blood pressure responses of hypertensive older adults. METHODS Groups were randomly divided into resistance training, n = 20; aerobic training, n = 20; control group, n = 21). After the first intervention period (12 weeks), individuals underwent a washout period (six detraining weeks), followed by a second intervention. This process is called the 'cross-over' model, where individuals who performed the aerobic exercise protocol also performed resistance training and vice-versa, constituting another 12 weeks of intervention. Blood pressure, functional performance, glycated hemoglobin and lipid profiles were evaluated preintervention and postintervention. RESULTS Varying responses to resistance training or aerobic training stimuli were observed in the hypertensive older adult participants. Both resistance training (pre 133.2 ± 14.1; post 122.4 ± 7.3; P < 0.05) and aerobic training (pre 134.2 ± 14.4; post 123 ± 9.4; P < 0.0.5) were effective in decreasing SBP, but only aerobic training (pre 9955.3 ± 1769.4; post 8800.9 ± 1316.1; P < 0.05) resulted in a decreased double product, and only the resistance training group improved functional performance. CONCLUSION Responses to resistance training or aerobic training stimuli varied noticeably between hypertensive older adults and both resistance training and aerobic training were effective in reducing SBP. This knowledge may be useful in providing individually tailored exercise prescriptions for hypertensive older adults.
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Leitão L, Marocolo M, de Souza HLR, Arriel RA, Campos Y, Mazini M, Junior RP, Figueiredo T, Louro H, Pereira A. Three-Month vs. One-Year Detraining Effects after Multicomponent Exercise Program in Hypertensive Older Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052871. [PMID: 35270564 PMCID: PMC8910620 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Chronic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability in older women. Physical exercise training programs promote beneficial effects for health and quality of life. However, exercise interruption periods may be detrimental for the hemodynamic and lipidic profiles of hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia. Methods: Nineteen hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia (exercise group: 67.5 ± 5.4 years, 1.53 ± 3.42 m, 71.84 ± 7.45 kg) performed a supervised multicomponent exercise training program (METP) during nine months, followed by a one-year detraining period (DT), while fourteen hypertensive older women (control group: 66.4 ± 5.2 years, 1.56 ± 3.10 m, 69.38 ± 5.24 kg) with dyslipidemia kept their continued daily routine without exercise. For both groups, hemodynamic and lipidic profiles and functional capacities (FCs) were assessed four times: before and after the METP and after 3 and 12 months of DT (no exercise was carried out). Results: The METP improved hemodynamic and lipidic profiles (p < 0.05), while three months of DT decreased all (p < 0.05) parameters, with the exception of diastolic blood pressure (DBP). One year of DT significantly (p < 0.01) decreased systolic blood pressure (7.85%), DBP (2.29%), resting heart rate (7.95%), blood glucose (19.14%), total cholesterol (10.27%), triglycerides (6.92%) and FC—agility (4.24%), lower- (−12.75%) and upper-body strength (−12.17%), cardiorespiratory capacity (−4.81%) and lower- (−16.16%) and upper-body flexibility (−11.11%). Conclusion: Nine months of the exercise program significantly improved the hemodynamic and lipid profiles as well as the functional capacities of hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia. Although a detraining period is detrimental to these benefits, it seems that the first three months are more prominent in these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Leitão
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Moacir Marocolo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (M.M.); (H.L.R.d.S.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Hiago L. R. de Souza
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (M.M.); (H.L.R.d.S.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Rhai André Arriel
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (M.M.); (H.L.R.d.S.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Yuri Campos
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil;
- Studies Research Group in Neuromuscular Responses, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Mazini
- Graduate Program in Physical Education—Sudamerica Faculty, Cataguases 36774-552, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo Pace Junior
- Graduate Program of Physical Education of Fasar—Santa Rita Faculty, Conselheiro Lafaiete 36400-000, Brazil;
| | - Teresa Figueiredo
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Hugo Louro
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal;
- Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
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Markotegi M, Irazusta J, Sanz B, Rodriguez-Larrad A. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical and psychoaffective health of older adults in a physical exercise program. Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111580. [PMID: 34601075 PMCID: PMC8492068 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 lockdowns restricted physical activity levels for individuals in many countries. In particular, older adults experienced limited access to their usual activities, including physical exercise programs. How such restrictions and interruptions in physical exercise programs might impact the physical and mental health of older adults has not yet been studied. We sought to analyse changes in the physical and mental health of older adults enrolled in a group-based multicomponent physical exercise (MPE) program that was interrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We followed 17 participants of this program from October 2018 to October 2020, including the interruption of the program during the pandemic. The MPE program included strength, balance, and stretching exercises. We compared anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters, physical fitness, frailty, quality of life, and psychoaffective status of participants before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most parameters followed the same pattern, improving after 8 months of the first MPE season (Oct. 2018-Jun. 2019), worsening after 4 months of summer rest, improving from October 2019 to January 2020 in the second MPE season (Oct. 2019-Jan. 2020), and severely worsening after 7 months of program interruption. We show that an MPE program has clear benefits to the physical and psychoaffective health of older adults, and interruption of these programs could adversely impact participants. These results highlight the need to maintain physical exercise programs or facilitate engagement in physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in older adults, particularly in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Markotegi
- Fundación Siel Bleu, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Jon Irazusta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Begoña Sanz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Larrad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
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The Synergistic Effects of a Complementary Physiotherapeutic Scheme in the Psychological and Nutritional Treatment in a Teenage Girl with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Anxiety Disorder and Anorexia Nervosa. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8060443. [PMID: 34070247 PMCID: PMC8225211 DOI: 10.3390/children8060443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that can affect the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, often leading to anxiety disorders with chronic activation of the hypothalamic axis (HPA). Moreover, a great proportion of adolescents with T1DM also demonstrate anorexia nervosa (AN), due to the increased preoccupation with food and the need to have an acceptable body image. Herein is described the first case study of an adolescent patient diagnosed with T1DM, anxiety disorder (AD), and AN. A 14-year-old girl with T1DM since the age of 12 years presented weight loss at age 13 years and 3 months and low body mass index (BMI), which did not improve despite dietary recommendations and adequate disease control. Additionally, she presented menstrual disorders at the age of 12 years and 11 months (menstrual age 12 years and 1 month). A psychological evaluation of the teenager was conducted using a semi-structured interview that assessed perceived stress, health status, quality of life, and depression. AD and AN were diagnosed and the patient initiated an intervention focusing on psychological health and nutrition and which incorporated physiotherapeutic relaxation sessions and breathing exercises. After 3 months of treatment, the patient’s BMI was increased, and a normal menstrual cycle was apparent. These results have since remained consistent. Stress leads to the appearance of AN and menstrual disorders. Therefore, physiotherapeutic programs could reduce stress and effectively ameliorate AN and AD.
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Kemmler W, Schoene D, Kohl M, von Stengel S. Changes in Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Health After Detraining in Older Men with Osteosarcopenia: 6-Month Follow-Up of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST) Study. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:571-582. [PMID: 33854307 PMCID: PMC8039436 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s299867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Temporary cessation of exercise but maintenance of habitual physical activity might be a frequent situation in older people’s lives. Particularly the COVID-19 induced lockdown of exercise training facilities with individual outdoor activities still being allowed might be a blueprint for this potentially harmful scenario. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of 6 months of detraining after 18 months of high-intensity resistance exercise (HIT-RT) on body composition and cardiometabolic outcomes in predominately obese older men with osteosarcopenia. Materials and Methods Community-dwelling predominately obese men 72–91 years old with low muscle and bone mass (n=43) were randomly assigned to an 18-month HIT-RT (EG: n=21) or a non-training control group (CG, n=22). After the intervention, participants of the EG discontinued HIT-RT for 6 months, but increased their habitual physical activity. Study outcomes were group differences in detraining changes (“effects”) for lean body mass (LBM), total and abdominal body fat rate (determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and the Metabolic Syndrome Z-Score (MetSZ). We applied an intention-to-treat analysis with multiple imputation to analyze the data. Results After the 18-month HIT-RT, we observed significant positive training effects for LBM, total and abdominal body fat rate and the MetSZ (all p<0.001). Abrupt cessation of HIT-RT for 6 months resulted in significantly higher unfavorable changes in the HIT-RT compared with the CG for LBM (p=0.001), total body fat (p=0.003) and the MetSZ (p=0.003), apart from abdominal body fat (p=0.059). However, significant overall effects were still present after 24 months for LBM and body fat indices but not for the MetSZ. Conclusion The present study clearly indicates the unfavorable effects of 6 months of detraining after HIT-RT. Correspondingly, exercise protocols particularly for older people should focus on continuous exercise with short regeneration periods rather than on intermitted protocols with pronounced training breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91053, Germany
| | - Daniel Schoene
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91053, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen, 78054, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91053, Germany
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Tofas T, Fatouros IG, Draganidis D, Deli CK, Chatzinikolaou A, Tziortzis C, Panayiotou G, Koutedakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. Effects of Cardiovascular, Resistance and Combined Exercise Training on Cardiovascular, Performance and Blood Redox Parameters in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: An 8-Month Training-Detraining Randomized Intervention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030409. [PMID: 33803076 PMCID: PMC8001546 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented that chronic/regular exercise improves the cardiovascular function, decreases oxidative stress and enhances the antioxidant capacity in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the chronic effects of different types of training and detraining on cardiovascular function and the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in these patients. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the effects of cardiovascular, resistance and combined exercise training followed by a three-month detraining period, on cardiovascular function, physical performance and blood redox status parameters in CAD patients. Sixty coronary artery disease patients were randomly assigned to either a cardiovascular training (CVT, N = 15), resistance training (RT, N = 11), combined cardiovascular and resistance training (CT, N = 16) or a control (C, N = 15) group. The training groups participated in an 8-month supervised training program (training three days/week) followed by a 3-month detraining period, while the control group participated only in measurements. Body composition, blood pressure, performance-related variables (aerobic capacity (VO2max), muscle strength, flexibility) and blood redox status-related parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), catalase activity (CAT), protein carbonyls (PC)) were assessed at the beginning of the study, after 4 and 8 months of training as well as following 1, 2 and 3 months of detraining (DT). CVT induced the most remarkable and pronounced alterations in blood pressure (~9% reduction in systolic blood pressure and ~5% in diastolic blood pressure) and redox status since it had a positive effect on all redox-related variables (ranging from 16 to 137%). RT and CT training affected positively some of the assessed (TAC, CAT and PC) redox-related variables. Performance-related variables retained the positive response of the training, whereas most of the redox status parameters, for all training groups, restored near to the pre-exercise values at the end of the DT period. These results indicate that exercise training has a significant effect on redox status of CAD. Three months of detraining is enough to abolish the exercise-induced beneficial effects on redox status, indicating that for a better antioxidant status, exercise must be a lifetime commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tryfonas Tofas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ioannis G. Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Chariklia K. Deli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Athanasios Chatzinikolaou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece;
| | - Charalambos Tziortzis
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus 6 Diogenis Str., 2404 Engomi, P.O. Box 22006, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus; (C.T.); (G.P.)
| | - George Panayiotou
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus 6 Diogenis Str., 2404 Engomi, P.O. Box 22006, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus; (C.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
- School of Sports, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall Campus, Gorway Rd, Walsall WS1 3BD, UK
| | - Athanasios Z. Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-24310-47054
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12
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Advancements and critical steps for statistical analyses in blood pressure response to resistance training in hypertensive older women: a methodological approach. Blood Press Monit 2021; 26:135-145. [PMID: 33394597 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated measures analysis of covariance and three-way analysis of variance with repeated measures are common statistical methods. For a valid interpretation of blood pressure (BP) response to exercise, a variety of additional statistical methods must be implemented. Four additional statistical methods are presented: technical error of measurement (SEM), smallest real difference (SRD), magnitude-based inference and mixed effect modeling technique (MEM). The aim of this perspective article is to demonstrate how to apply already known statistical analyses regarding BP responsiveness in order to improve interpretation and achieve higher reliability for future studies in exercise science. METHODS A total of 27 hypertensive older women (aged 68.37 ± 5.55 years) participated in the present study. A whole-body resistance training (RT) program was performed on two nonconsecutive days per week for 10 weeks. BP was monitored during the 10-week RT intervention and after 15 weeks of detraining. First, individuals were classified as high and low responders, then statistical methods to analyze data included the use of SEM, SRD, magnitude-based inference and MEM. RESULTS When magnitude-based inference was used to classify responsiveness, most participants displayed a trivial response. Decrements in SBP between 1 and 10 mmHg were not clinically meaningful but fell within the measurement error of the SBP measurements. Baseline SBP and time of training predicted post-SBP response. CONCLUSION Changes over time and declines in SBP might not be a SRD and fell in the SEM. Moreover, SBP responsiveness was the result of inappropriate control of covariates such as period of training.
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Berry A, Yung AR, Carr MJ, Webb RT, Ashcroft DM, Firth J, Drake RJ. Prevalence of Major Cardiovascular Disease Events Among People Diagnosed With Schizophrenia Who Have Sleep Disturbance, Sedentary Behavior, or Muscular Weakness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:sgaa069. [PMID: 34901860 PMCID: PMC8650069 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To estimate prevalence of major cardiovascular events among people with schizophrenia who had experience of sleep disturbance, sedentary behavior or muscular weakness, and assess evidence for raised prevalence in these individuals compared to people with schizophrenia without these characteristics. Methods UK Biobank data on individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 1544) were used to examine the prevalence of major cardiovascular events, specifically myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure and cardiovascular death, among participants with candidate risk factors. Generalized linear models were fitted to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for major cardiovascular events among participants with self-reported sleep disturbance, self-reported sedentary behavior, and muscular weakness measured using a handgrip dynamometer. These ratios were adjusted for QRISK3 score—a validated cardiovascular risk prediction algorithm for the UK population. Results Prevalence of major cardiovascular events was significantly higher among participants with daytime sleepiness, independent of QRISK3 score, and snoring, a proxy for sleep-disordered breathing (adjusted PR 1.26; 95% CI 1.03, 1.55, P = .03). Prevalence was also independently higher among participants with low muscular strength (adjusted PR1.36; 95% CI 1.05, 1.75, P = .02). The adjusted prevalence ratios among participants with short or prolonged sleep duration, insomnia, or sedentary behavior did not indicate independently raised prevalence among these groups. Conclusion Prevalence of major cardiovascular events among people with schizophrenia was higher in participants with muscular weakness and sleep disturbance evidenced by daytime sleepiness. Further research is required to determine how these factors can be routinely identified and addressed in the clinical management of cardiovascular risk among patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Berry
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Alison R Yung
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Carr
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Roger T Webb
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Darren M Ashcroft
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Richard J Drake
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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López-Jaramillo P, Barbosa E, Molina DI, Sanchez R, Diaz M, Camacho PA, Lanas F, Pasquel M, Accini JL, Ponte-Negretti CI, Alcocer L, Cobos L, Wyss F, Sebba-Barroso W, Coca A, Zanchetti A. Latin American Consensus on the management of hypertension in the patient with diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. J Hypertens 2020; 37:1126-1147. [PMID: 30882601 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
: The prevalence of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and the metabolic syndrome continues to increase in Latin America, while the rates of diagnosis, treatment and control of these disorders remain low. The frequency of the risk factors that constitute the metabolic syndrome and are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease has not diminished since the publication of the previous consensus. This document discusses the socioeconomic, demographic, environmental and cultural characteristics of most associated Latin American countries and partially explains the lack of better results in improving clinical and public health actions that allow high morbidity and mortality rates caused by cardiovascular diseases and DM2 to be reduced through programs aligned with the so-called precision medicine, which should be predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory. The Consensus ratifies the diagnostic criteria expressed in the previous consensus to define hypertension and DM2 but, for the metabolic syndrome, and in the absence of evidence, the recommendation is to implement a cohort study that determines the abdominal perimeter value associated with hard outcomes, such as DM2 and CVD. Meanwhile, we recommend modifying the criterion to more than 94 cm in men and more than 84 cm in women according to WHO recommendations. We also recommend the carrying out of a study that identifies the situation of hypertension and DM2 in people of African ancestry who, in Latin America, exceed 75 million and whose epidemiology does not include solid studies. With respect to the proposed therapeutic targets, we recommended maintaining those defined in the previous consensus, but insisting that early pharmacological management of prediabetes with metformin should be introduced, as should the treatment of diabetic hypertensive patients with a combination therapy of two fixed-dose antihypertensive drugs and management with statins. To increase adherence, the use of different drugs combined in a single pill (polypill) is recommended. The simplification of the therapeutic regimen is accompanied by greater control of cardiovascular risk factors, both in primary and secondary prevention, and has been shown to be cost-effective. The consensus recommends the use of the currently available polypill combining an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, a statin and aspirin for secondary cardiovascular prevention and in patients with a high cardiovascular risk, such as hypertension patients with DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio López-Jaramillo
- Clinica de Síndrome Metabolico, Prediabetes y Diabetes, Direccion de Investigaciones FOSCAL y Facultad de Salud, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Dora I Molina
- Universidad de Caldas e IPS Médicos Internistas de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Ramiro Sanchez
- Hospital Universitario Fundacion Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Paul A Camacho
- Direccion de Investigaciones FOSCAL y Facultad de Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | | | - José L Accini
- Fundacion Hospital Universidad del Norte y Universidad Libre, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Luis Alcocer
- Instituto Mexicano de Salud Cardiovascular, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Cobos
- Unidad de Cardiologia, Hospital El Pino, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Wyss
- Servicios y Tecnologica Cardiovascular de Gautemala, S.A., Guatemala
| | | | - Antonio Coca
- Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Zanchetti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, and Università degli Studi of Milan, Italy
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Oliveira-Dantas FF, Brasileiro-Santos MDS, Thomas SG, Silva AS, Silva DC, Browne RAV, Farias-Junior LF, Costa EC, Santos ADC. Short-Term Resistance Training Improves Cardiac Autonomic Modulation and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:37-45. [PMID: 31877119 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oliveira-Dantas, FF, Brasileiro-Santos, MdS, Thomas, SG, Silva, AS, Silva, DC, Browne, RAV, Farias-Junior, LF, Costa, EC, and Santos, AdC. Short-term resistance training improves cardiac autonomic modulation and blood pressure in hypertensive older women: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 37-45, 2020-This randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy of short-term resistance training (RT) on cardiac autonomic modulation and peripheral hemodynamic parameters in hypertensive older women. Twenty-five hypertensive older women who were insufficiently active (64.7 ± 4.7 years) participated in this study. Subjects were randomly allocated to a 10-week RT program (2 d·wk in the first 5 weeks; 3 d·wk in the last 5 weeks) or a nonexercise control group. Linear reverse periodization was used for the RT program. Cardiac autonomic modulation, mean blood pressure (MBP), peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), and resting heart rate (RHR) were measured before and after 10 weeks. The RT group reduced cardiac sympathetic modulation (0V%; B = -6.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -12.9 to -0.2; p = 0.045; Cohen's d = 0.88) and showed a trend for increased parasympathetic modulation (2V%; B = 12.5; 95% CI: 0-25; p = 0.050; Cohen's d = 0.87) compared with the control group. The RT group reduced MBP (B = -8.5 mm Hg; 95% CI: -13.6 to -3.4; p = 0.001; Cohen's d = 1.27), PVR (B = -14.1 units; 95% CI: -19.9 to -8.4; p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 1.86), and RHR (B = -8.8 b·min; 95% CI: -14.3 to -3.3; p = 0.002; Cohen's d = 1.20) compared with the control group. In the RT group, the changes in 2V% patterns and low-frequency components showed a correlation with changes in MBP (r = -0.60; p = 0.032) and RHR (r = 0.75; p = 0.0003). In conclusion, 10 weeks of RT improved cardiac autonomic modulation and reduced MBP and PVR in hypertensive older women. These results reinforce the importance of RT for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe F Oliveira-Dantas
- Graduate Associate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba/University of Pernambuco, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil.,Research Laboratory for Physical Training Applied to Health, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Maria do Socorro Brasileiro-Santos
- Graduate Associate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba/University of Pernambuco, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil.,Research Laboratory for Physical Training Applied to Health, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Scott G Thomas
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Alexandre S Silva
- Graduate Associate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba/University of Pernambuco, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Douglas C Silva
- Graduate Associate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba/University of Pernambuco, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A V Browne
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Farias-Junior
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Costa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Amilton da Cruz Santos
- Graduate Associate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba/University of Pernambuco, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil.,Research Laboratory for Physical Training Applied to Health, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
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An Investigation of Short-Term Longitudinal Associations Between Handgrip Strength and Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers Among Middle-Aged to Older Adults: A Project FRONTIER Study. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:9-17. [PMID: 31141435 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2018-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine short-term longitudinal relationships between handgrip strength (HGS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers in middle-aged to older adults living in rural areas (N = 138). The association between HGS and CVD biomarkers was examined at baseline, with HGS as a predictor of the annual change in biomarkers, and in a parallel fashion between the annual change in HGS and CVD biomarkers over an average of 2.8 follow-up years. The results showed HGS to cross-sectionally associate with waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure at baseline, but HGS at baseline was not found to predict the annual change in any biomarker. The annual increase in HGS was significantly associated with favorable changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic/diastolic blood pressures; yet, these associations varied by the baseline levels of biomarkers. The present findings suggest that improved muscle strength with aging is related to favorable changes in CVD biomarkers.
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17
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Tofas T, Draganidis D, Deli CK, Georgakouli K, Fatouros IG, Jamurtas AZ. Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010013. [PMID: 31877965 PMCID: PMC7023632 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are beneficial for the organism ensuring normal cell and vascular function, the overproduction of ROS and increased oxidative stress levels play a significant role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This paper aims at providing a thorough review of the available literature investigating the effects of acute and chronic exercise training and detraining on redox regulation, in the context of CVDs. An acute bout of either cardiovascular or resistance exercise training induces a transient oxidative stress and inflammatory response accompanied by reduced antioxidant capacity and enhanced oxidative damage. There is evidence showing that these responses to exercise are proportional to exercise intensity and inversely related to an individual’s physical conditioning status. However, when chronically performed, both types of exercise amplify the antioxidant defense mechanism, reduce oxidative stress and preserve redox status. On the other hand, detraining results in maladaptations within a time-frame that depends on the exercise training intensity and mode, as high-intensity training is superior to low-intensity and resistance training is superior to cardiovascular training in preserving exercise-induced adaptations during detraining periods. Collectively, these findings suggest that exercise training, either cardiovascular or resistance or even a combination of them, is a promising, safe and efficient tool in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
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Impact of therapeutic lifestyle changes in resistant hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 63:4-9. [PMID: 31756356 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive individuals are at an increased risk of developing heart disease and stroke. Adopting healthy lifestyles, such as being active on ≥4 days per week, weight-loss in the presence of obesity, consuming a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and sodium below the recommended threshold, avoiding high alcohol consumption and refraining from smoking have been effective lifestyle therapies to prevent or control stage 1 hypertension (HTN). Among the 1 in 3 Americans who have HTN (systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg), 16% are diagnosed with resistant HTN (RHT). Although there are comparatively fewer studies examining the blood pressure lowering effects of therapeutic lifestyle interventions in patients with resistant HTN, the available literature appears promising. This paper reviews key studies that quantify the blood pressure lowering effects of certain therapeutic lifestyles in patients with RHT and highlights areas needing more attention.
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Jurik R, Stastny P. Role of Nutrition and Exercise Programs in Reducing Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1393. [PMID: 31492032 PMCID: PMC6780911 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined effect of diet and strength training (ST) on blood pressure (BP) seems to be very important for the treatment of prehypertension and hypertension (HT). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether ST alone or combined with nutrition or supplementation has an impact on the arterial pressure reduction in normotensive and hypertensive populations. A systematic computerized literature search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar; only English language studies published from 1999 until 2018 were included. This systematic search identified the results of 303 individuals from nine studies. The ST program alone had a similar effectiveness as the nutrition program (NP) alone; however, their combination did not result in increased effectiveness in terms of a high BP reduction. The consumption of L-citrulline had a similar effect as ST on lowering BP; on the other hand, caffeine led to an increase in BP during the ST session. Our data suggest that a combination of ST 2-3 times a week at moderate intensity and a NP seems to be equally effective in terms of lowering BP (systolic and diastolic) as ST and NP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Jurik
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stastny
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Effects of 3 months of detraining on functional fitness and quality of life in older adults who regularly exercise. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:503-510. [PMID: 29959666 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-0990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effects of detraining in older adults, particularly those who regularly exercise. AIMS To determine the consequences of 3 months of cessation of a habitual supervised exercise on functional fitness and quality of life in aged adults and to explore the associations among those parameters. METHODS Thirty-eight women and 11 men (mean age 75.5 ± 5.7 years) took part in a physical exercise program for 9 months, followed by a 3-month detraining period. Participants completed physical function tests and questionnaires regarding the quality of life and leisure-time physical activity at the end of the exercise program (baseline) and 3 months later (detraining). RESULTS After the detraining period, performance in the 8 Foot Up and Go test (p < 0.001) and the physical and mental components of the quality of life (p < 0.001) declined. Significant correlations were observed when comparing the 8 Foot Up and Go test (p < 0.05), Chair Stand test (p < 0.05), and the 6-min Walk test (p < 0.001) to the physical component of the quality of life after the detraining period. CONCLUSION Three months of a detraining period in older people who habitually undertake supervised activities is enough to produce a decline in dynamic balance and also quality of life. To avoid the deleterious effect of periods of cessation of supervised exercise, as a suggestion, specifically designed exercises could be prescribed for an older population, with emphasis on balance exercises.
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21
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Physical Function Differences Between the Stages From Normal Cognition to Moderate Alzheimer Disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017; 18:368.e9-368.e15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Damorim IR, Santos TM, Barros GWP, Carvalho PRC. Kinetics of Hypotension during 50 Sessions of Resistance and Aerobic Training in Hypertensive Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 108:323-330. [PMID: 28380132 PMCID: PMC5421471 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance and aerobic training are recommended as an adjunctive treatment for hypertension. However, the number of sessions required until the hypotensive effect of the exercise has stabilized has not been clearly established. Objective To establish the adaptive kinetics of the blood pressure (BP) responses as a function of time and type of training in hypertensive patients. Methods We recruited 69 patients with a mean age of 63.4 ± 2.1 years, randomized into one group of resistance training (n = 32) and another of aerobic training (n = 32). Anthropometric measurements were obtained, and one repetition maximum (1RM) testing was performed. BP was measured before each training session with a digital BP arm monitor. The 50 training sessions were categorized into quintiles. To compare the effect of BP reduction with both training methods, we used two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for the BP values obtained before the interventions. The differences between the moments were established by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The reductions in systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were 6.9 mmHg and 5.3 mmHg, respectively, with resistance training and 16.5 mmHg and 11.6 mmHg, respectively, with aerobic training. The kinetics of the hypotensive response of the SBP showed significant reductions until the 20th session in both groups. Stabilization of the DBP occurred in the 20th session of resistance training and in the 10th session of aerobic training. Conclusion A total of 20 sessions of resistance or aerobic training are required to achieve the maximum benefits of BP reduction. The methods investigated yielded distinct adaptive kinetic patterns along the 50 sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rodrigues Damorim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Educação da Física da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco -
UFPE, Recife, PE - Brazil
| | - Tony Meireles Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Educação da Física da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco -
UFPE, Recife, PE - Brazil
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Exercise and Hypertension: Uncovering the Mechanisms of Vascular Control. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 59:226-234. [PMID: 27697533 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) has recently been determined to be the number one overall risk factor of disease. With direct and indirect costs amounting to $46.4 billion in 2011 and projections of six-fold increases by 2030, the importance of low-cost nonpharmacological interventions can be appreciated. Vascular structural changes, endothelial dysfunction, and sympathetic overstimulation are major contributing factors to the pathophysiology of HTN. Exercise training (ET) for blood pressure (BP) control has been shown to be an effective and integral component of nonpharmacological interventions for BP control. Different ET modalities (aerobic, resistance, and concurrent training) have contributed differently to BP reduction and control, driving scientific discourse regarding the optimum ET prescription (modality, volume, and intensity) for such effects; ET results in a multitude of physiological effects, with vascular and autonomic adaptations providing major contributions to BP control. Despite widespread acceptance of the role and importance of ET for BP reduction, only 15% of US adults have been found to meet ET/physical activity recommendations. The purpose of this review is to explore BP lowering effects of aerobic and resistance ET and the underlying physiological mechanisms that result in such effects. Further research is required to enhance our understanding of the proper ET prescription for BP control across different age groups and racial ethnicities. Furthermore, research into methods of improving awareness and adherence to ET recommendations proves to be equally important.
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Abrahin O, Rodrigues RP, Ramos AM, da Silva-Grigoletto ME, Pardono E, Marçal AC. Active intervals during high-intensity resistance exercises enhance post-exercise hypotension in hypertensive women controlled by medications. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-160611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Odilon Abrahin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade Metropolitana da Amazônia (FAMAZ), Belém, Brazil
| | - Rejane P. Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade Metropolitana da Amazônia (FAMAZ), Belém, Brazil
| | - Ayrton M. Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marzo E. da Silva-Grigoletto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Emerson Pardono
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Anderson C. Marçal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
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Kataoka H, Miyatake N, Kitayama N, Murao S, Kohi F, Tanaka S. Relationship of toe pinch force to other muscle strength parameters in men with type 2 diabetes. Environ Health Prev Med 2016; 21:179-85. [PMID: 26879315 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-016-0512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the relations between toe pinch force and other muscle strength parameters in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS A total of 40 men with type 2 diabetes (age: 53.4 ± 13.1 years, duration of diabetes: 8.5 ± 8.1 years) who needed exercise training were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. We evaluated the clinical parameters and 4 muscle strength parameters, which were toe pinch force, handgrip strength, isometric knee extension force, and isometric ankle dorsiflexion force. RESULTS The HbA1c, toe pinch force, handgrip strength, isometric knee extension force, and isometric ankle dorsiflexion force were 10.1 ± 2.4 %, 3.2 ± 1.2 kg, 37.3 ± 7.0 kg, 39.6 ± 11.4 kgf, and 17.0 ± 6.3 kgf, respectively. Toe pinch force was significantly correlated with handgrip strength (r = 0.365, p = 0.0206), isometric knee extension force (r = 0.668, p < 0.0001), and isometric ankle dorsiflexion force (r = 0.514, p = 0.0007). All muscle strength parameters were significantly lower in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy than in those without polyneuropathy. CONCLUSION Although toe pinch force was significantly correlated with the other muscle strength parameters, the correlation was not so strong. However, evaluation of toe pinch force might be recommended for assessment of distal limb muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kataoka
- Rehabilitation Center, KKR Takamatsu Hospital, Tenjinmae, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-0018, Japan. .,Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Miyatake
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Naomi Kitayama
- Rehabilitation Center, KKR Takamatsu Hospital, Tenjinmae, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-0018, Japan
| | - Satoshi Murao
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, KKR Takamatsu Hospital, Tenjinmae, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-0018, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Kohi
- Department of Internal Medicine, KKR Takamatsu Hospital, Tenjinmae, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-0018, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, Hiroshima, 723-0053, Japan
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Maior AS, Simão R, Martins MS, de Salles BF, Willardson JM. Influence of Blood Flow Restriction During Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise on the Postexercise Hypotensive Response. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:2894-9. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ahn O, Cha HG, Chang SJ, Cho HC, Kim HS. Effect of an Integrated Health Management Program Based on Successful Aging in Korean Women. Public Health Nurs 2014; 32:307-15. [PMID: 25534781 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the efficacy of an integrated health management program (IHMP) based on successful aging in older women. DESIGN AND SAMPLE A single group pretest and posttest research design was employed, with a sample of 33 older Korean women over 60 years registered in a public health center. The intervention, including exercise, health education, and social activities, was performed 3 hr per week for 12 weeks. MEASURES Demographic characteristics, body composition, physical fitness, biomarkers, depression, and social support were measured. Data were analyzed with a Wilcoxon signed-rank test, statistical significance levels were set at p < .05. RESULTS After the intervention, body mass index was significantly decreased (p = .003) and skeletal muscle mass was significantly increased (p = .002). Chair stand (p = .023) and straight walking test (p < .001) were significantly improved. Systolic blood pressure (p < .003), diastolic blood pressure (p = .030), and blood cholesterol (p = .011) were significantly decreased. Depression (p = .043) was significantly decreased, and social support (p < .001) was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Adopting and maintaining an IHMP can be useful to promote physical, psychological, and social functioning that lead to successful aging in older Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okhee Ahn
- Department of Nursing, Woosuk University, Wanju, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Hee Sun Kim
- Department of Nursing, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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