1
|
Lo WC, Hu TH, Shih CY, Lin HH, Hwang JS. Impact of Healthy Lifestyle Factors on Life Expectancy and Lifetime Health Care Expenditure: Nationwide Cohort Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e57045. [PMID: 39018094 PMCID: PMC11292159 DOI: 10.2196/57045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between lifestyle risk factors and the risk of mortality and chronic diseases has been established, while limited research has explored the impact of healthy lifestyle factors on lifetime health care expenditure using longitudinal individual data. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the individual and combined effects of 5 healthy lifestyle factors on life expectancy and lifetime health care expenditure in Taiwan. METHODS Using data from the National Health Interview Survey cohort, 5 healthy lifestyle behaviors were defined and analyzed: nonsmoking, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, engaging in sufficient physical activity, ensuring sufficient fruit and vegetable intake, and maintaining a normal weight. We used a rolling extrapolation algorithm that incorporated inverse probability of treatment weighting to estimate the life expectancy and lifetime health care expenditure of the study populations with and without healthy lifestyle factors. RESULTS A total of 19,893 participants aged ≥30 (mean age 48.8, SD 13.4) years were included, with 3815 deaths recorded during a median follow-up period of 15.6 years. The life expectancy and per capita estimated lifetime health care expenditures for the overall study population were 35.32 years and US $58,560, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality in participants adhering to all 5 healthy lifestyle factors, compared with those adhering to none, were 0.37 (95% CI 0.27-0.49). We found significant increases in life expectancy for nonsmokers (2.31 years; 95% CI 0.04-5.13; P=.03), those with sufficient physical activity (1.85 years; 95% CI 0.25-4.34; P=.02), and those with adequate fruit and vegetable intake (3.25 years; 95% CI 1.29-6.81; P=.01). In addition, nonsmokers experienced a significant reduction in annual health care expenditure (-9.78%; 95% CI -46.53% to -1.45%; P=.03), as did individuals maintaining optimal body weight (-18.36%; 95% CI -29.66% to -8.57%; P=.01). Overall, participants adhering to all 5 healthy lifestyle behaviors exhibited a life gain of 7.13 years (95% CI 1.33-11.11; P=.02) compared with those adhering to one or none, with a life expectancy of 29.19 years (95% CI 25.45-33.62). Furthermore, individuals adopting all 5 healthy lifestyle factors experienced an average annual health care expenditure reduction of 28.12% (95% CI 4.43%-57.61%; P=.02) compared with those adopting one or none. CONCLUSIONS Adopting a healthy lifestyle is associated with a longer life expectancy and a reduction of health care expenditure in Taiwanese adults. This contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of healthy lifestyle factors on the overall health and economic burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Lo
- Master Program in Applied Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsuey-Hwa Hu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Shih
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ho Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang JD, Lai WW, Yang SC, Huang WY, Hwang JS. Estimating Taiwan's QALY league table for catastrophic illnesses: Providing real-world evidence to integrate prevention with treatment for resources allocation. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00247-X. [PMID: 38772804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Curative technologies improve patient's survival and/or quality of life but increase financial burdens. Effective prevention benefits all three. We summarize estimation methods and provide examples of how much money is spent per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) or life year (LY) on treating a catastrophic illness under a lifetime horizon and how many QALYs/LYs and lifetime medical costs (LMC) could be potentially saved by prevention. METHODS We established cohorts by interlinkages of Taiwan's nation-wide databases including National Health Insurance. We developed methods to estimate lifetime survival functions, which were multiplied with the medical costs and/or quality of life and summed up to estimate LMC, quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) and lifetime average cost per QALY/LY for catastrophic illnesses. By comparing with the age-, sex-, and calendar year-matched referents simulated from vital statistics, we obtained the loss-of-QALE and loss-of-life expectancy (LE). RESULTS The lifetime cost-effectiveness ratios of ventilator-dependent comatose patients, dialysis, spinal cord injury, major trauma, and cancers were US$ 96,800, 16,200-20,000, 5500-5,900, 3400-3,600, and 2900-11,900 per QALY or LY, respectively. The successful prevention of lung, liver, oral, esophagus, stomach, nasopharynx, or ovary cancer would potentially save US$ 28,000-97,000 and > 10 QALYs; whereas those for end-stage kidney disease, stroke, spinal injury, or major trauma would be US$ 55,000-300,000 and 10-14 QALYs. Loss-of-QALE and loss-of-LE were less confounded indicators for comparing the lifetime health benefits of different technologies estimated from real-world data. CONCLUSIONS Integration of prevention with treatment for resources allocation seems feasible and would improve equity and efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Wu-Wei Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen EYT, Leontyeva Y, Lin CN, Wang JD, Clements MS, Dickman PW. Comparing Survival Extrapolation within All-Cause and Relative Survival Frameworks by Standard Parametric Models and Flexible Parametric Spline Models Using the Swedish Cancer Registry. Med Decis Making 2024; 44:269-282. [PMID: 38314657 PMCID: PMC10988990 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x241227230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In health technology assessment, restricted mean survival time and life expectancy are commonly evaluated. Parametric models are typically used for extrapolation. Spline models using a relative survival framework have been shown to estimate life expectancy of cancer patients more reliably; however, more research is needed to assess spline models using an all-cause survival framework and standard parametric models using a relative survival framework. AIM To assess survival extrapolation using standard parametric models and spline models within relative survival and all-cause survival frameworks. METHODS From the Swedish Cancer Registry, we identified patients diagnosed with 5 types of cancer (colon, breast, melanoma, prostate, and chronic myeloid leukemia) between 1981 and 1990 with follow-up until 2020. Patients were categorized into 15 cancer cohorts by cancer and age group (18-59, 60-69, and 70-99 y). We right-censored the follow-up at 2, 3, 5, and 10 y and fitted the parametric models within an all-cause and a relative survival framework to extrapolate to 10 y and lifetime in comparison with the observed Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. All cohorts were modeled with 6 standard parametric models (exponential, Weibull, Gompertz, log-logistic, log-normal, and generalized gamma) and 3 spline models (on hazard, odds, and normal scales). RESULTS For predicting 10-y survival, spline models generally performed better than standard parametric models. However, using an all-cause or a relative survival framework did not show any distinct difference. For lifetime survival, extrapolating from a relative survival framework agreed better with the observed survival, particularly using spline models. CONCLUSIONS For extrapolation to 10 y, we recommend spline models. For extrapolation to lifetime, we suggest extrapolating in a relative survival framework, especially using spline models. HIGHLIGHTS For survival extrapolation to 10 y, spline models generally performed better than standard parametric models did. However, using an all-cause or a relative survival framework showed no distinct difference under the same parametric model.Survival extrapolation to lifetime within a relative survival framework agreed well with the observed data, especially using spline models.Extrapolating parametric models within an all-cause survival framework may overestimate survival proportions at lifetime; models for the relative survival approach may underestimate instead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Yi-Tung Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuliya Leontyeva
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chia-Ni Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mark S. Clements
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul W. Dickman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chiu YM, Chiu HY. Lifetime risk, life expectancy, loss-of-life expectancy and lifetime healthcare expenditure for Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in Taiwan: follow-up of a nationwide cohort from 2008 to 2019. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:553-560. [PMID: 37427802 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) not only cause acute, devastating mucocutaneous reactions but also have long-lasting implications on survivors' lives. OBJECTIVES To quantify the lifetime burden of SJS/TEN. METHODS The cumulative incidence rate (CIR), life expectancy (LE), loss-of-life expectancy (LoLE) and lifetime healthcare expenditure (HE) for SJS/TEN were estimated over the period from 2008 to 2019 using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan and life tables of vital statistics. RESULTS In this nationwide cohort of 6552 incident SJS/TEN cases, a trend towards a decrease in the CIR was observed between 2008 and 2019. Compared with the general population, patients with SJS/TEN experience a tremendous loss of 9.43 (1.06) [mean (SEM)] years of LE after diagnosis of SJS/TEN. Male patients with SJS/TEN had higher LoLE [10.74 (1.22) vs. 7.69 (1.43) years] and annual HE than females. Younger age at diagnosis of SJS/TEN was associated with longer LE but greater LoLE and higher lifetime HE. Patients with intensive care unit admission on diagnosis, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease and SJS/TEN-associated sequelae experienced substantially greater LoLE and HE per life year. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SJS/TEN suffer substantial loss-of-LE and HE, particularly young patients, compared with the general population. These data provide a reference estimate of the lifetime burden of SJS/TEN to help health authorities evaluate the cost-effectiveness of future preventive and treatment strategies to minimize the burden of SJS/TEN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ming Chiu
- Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Jen Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hsin-Chu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Konara Mudiyanselage SP, Wu YL, Kukreti S, Chen CC, Lin CN, Tsai YT, Ku HC, Fang SY, Wang JD, Ko NY. Dynamic changes in quality of life, psychological status, and body image in women who underwent a mastectomy as compared with breast reconstruction: an 8-year follow up. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:226-240. [PMID: 36319889 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical decisions and methods of surgery highly influence long term QoL for breast cancer (BC) survivors. This study is aimed towards an exploration of the dynamic changes in quality of life (QoL), anxiety/depression status, and body image (BI) among women with BC who received a mastectomy compared with those receiving breast reconstruction (BR) within an 8-year follow-up period. METHODS Women with major BC surgeries were invited to complete the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF), the European quality of life five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D), and a body image scale within 8 years of surgery. Kernel smoothing methods were applied to describe dynamic changes in QoL, anxiety/depression, and BI at different time points. Linear mixed effects models were constructed to identify the interaction between time, different types of surgery, and the determinants of QoL in these patients. RESULTS After 1:10 propensity score matching, a total of 741 women who had undergone a BR and mastectomy were included. The BR group exhibited a high WHOQOL QoL score one to five years after surgery with some fluctuations. The mastectomy group had comparatively stable QoL scores on WHOQOL items and were less depressed/anxious. The BR group generally showed fluctuating, higher BI scores two years after surgery, but they exhibited more anxiety/depression during follow up for 8 years. Medical comorbidities, the status of anxiety/depression, and BI were the major factors influencing all domains and items of the WHOQOL BREF among women with BC. CONCLUSION The mastectomy group showed a decreased trend toward depression in patients with BC. The BR group showed a significant improvement in QoL in the first 5 years with massive fluctuations. These findings should be considered and discussed in patient participatory decision-making and promotion of QoL for breast cancer survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sriyani Padmalatha Konara Mudiyanselage
- International Doctoral Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC.,Operation Theatre Department, The National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- International Doctoral Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shikha Kukreti
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Public Health College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Chen
- International Doctoral Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Ni Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Tseng Tsai
- International Doctoral Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC.,, No. 66, Sec. 2, Changhe Rd., Annan Dist., Tainan, 709, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chang Ku
- International Doctoral Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC.,, No. 66, Sec. 2, Changhe Rd., Annan Dist., Tainan, 709, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ying Fang
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Public Health College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chiu HC, Lin CY, Kuo YL, Hou WL, Shu BC. Resilience among women with breast cancer surviving longer than five years: The relationship with illness perception and body image. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2023; 62:102254. [PMID: 36621263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2022.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the correlations and identify the relationships between the resilience, perception of illness and body image of women with breast cancer in the 5-year-or-above survivorship. METHODS We used convenient sampling to recruit from an outpatient department 106 women with breast cancer. The inclusion criteria were participants aged >20 years currently in a stable condition and were able to understand the Chinese language. Those women with mental health illness were excluded. All participants completed questionnaires on the following: demographic information, revision of illness perception (IPQ-R), body image scale (BIS), Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), and resilience scale (RS). We conducted the structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the factor structure. RESULTS SEM results showed a good fit to the data (comparative fit index = 0.97, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.94). Findings F indicated the existence of significant relationships between resilience and either illness perception or body image. Personality had a direct association with illness perception (β = 0.73, P < 0.05). Body image had an indirect effect on the relationship between resilience and illness perception (coefficient = -2.52; 95% bootstrapping CI = -31.36, -0.62). CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that illness perception is a crucial predictor for better resilience as mediated through body image. To provide adequate information to women with breast cancer can improve their perception of breast cancer more positively. Hence, their body image and their way of coping with survival life turn better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chan Chiu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Show Chwan Health Care System, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Breast Medical Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Hou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bih-Ching Shu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lo WC, Hu TH, Hwang JS. Lifetime exposure to PM 2.5 air pollution and disability-adjusted life years due to cardiopulmonary disease: A modeling study based on nationwide longitudinal data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158901. [PMID: 36176245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As knowledge of the health risks of PM2.5 has grown, the focus of PM2.5-related health impact assessments has evolved from simple risk models to burden-of-disease estimates. We proposed an ecological approach to directly estimate the impacts of lifetime exposure to PM2.5 on expected health losses due to cardiopulmonary diseases for older adult populations in Taiwan. METHODS We created study cohorts of 3.5 million older people living in 350 townships in Taiwan. We used a weighted regression model, with adjustments of area characteristic variables, to directly estimate the impacts of lifetime mean PM2.5 exposure on health losses among the 350 cohorts. Potential avoidable disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by assuming that ambient PM2.5 met the air quality standard was estimated. RESULTS Each 10 μg/m3 increase in lifetime mean exposure to PM2.5 for an individual corresponded to an increment of 0.25 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.18-0.32) DALYs due to cardiopulmonary diseases, after adjusting for a wide range of ecological covariates. We estimated that 611.8 (95 % CI: 440.4-783.2) DALYs per 1000 older adult population could potentially be avoided by achieving air quality standards of WHO in Taiwan. CONCLUSIONS Reducing PM2.5 pollution in Taiwan associated with significant health co-benefits, providing important implications for public health and environmental management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Lo
- Master Program in Applied Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10675, Taiwan
| | - Tsuey-Hwa Hu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shiang Hwang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chan TC, Chuang YH, Hu TH, Y.-H. Lin H, Hwang JS. Mortality risk and years of life lost for people with reduced renal function detected from regular health checkup: A matched cohort study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 31:102107. [PMID: 36820368 PMCID: PMC9938332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing threat of metabolic syndromes, a focus on maintaining kidney health from early- to mid-adulthood is necessary. This study elucidates mortality risk and years of life lost (YLLs) due to abnormal renal function. This was a retrospective, matched cohort study from health checkup data from 2000 to 2015. We identified 12,774 participants with abnormal renal function (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and used propensity score matching to identify 25,548 participants with normal renal function (eGFR ≥ 60). YLLs were estimated using the life expectancy differences between the abnormal and matched normal cohorts. Cox models were used to estimate the adjusted mortality risk. The estimated life expectancy of participants with proteinuria and eGFR < 60 was 26.24 years, with a 95 % confidence interval of (23.96, 29.36), 17.62 (16.37, 18.78), and 11.70 (11.02, 12.46) for age groups of 30 - 54, 55 - 64, and 65 - 79 years, respectively. The estimated YLLs of participants with proteinuria and eGFR < 60, as compared with the matched normal cohort, were 17.86 (13.41, 20.36), 12.55 (11.41, 13.78), and 8.31 (7.47, 9.13) years for the three age groups, respectively. The Cox model estimates of mortality hazard ratios of participants having proteinuria and eGFR < 60 against matched referents were 5.29 (3.97, 7.05), 3.99 (3.34, 4.75), and 3.05 (2.62, 3.55) for the three age groups, respectively. Abnormal renal function shortens life expectancy, particularly in patients with proteinuria and in younger adults. Active health management of renal function can reduce the disease burden.
Collapse
Key Words
- AFP, Alpha-fetoprotein
- CI, Confidence Interval
- CKD, Chronic Kidney Disease
- COD, Cause of Death
- CVD, Cardiovascular Disease
- DM, Diabetes Mellitus
- ESRD, End-stage Renal Disease
- HR, Hazard Ratio
- HTN, Hypertension
- Hazard of death
- Health check-up
- LE, Life Expectancy
- Life expectancy
- PS, Propensity Score
- Proteinuria
- RAS, Renin-angiotensin System
- SLED, Standardized Life Expectancy Deviation
- SMD, Standardized Mean Difference
- TCR, Taiwan Cancer Registry
- YLL, Years of Life Lost
- eGFR
- eGFR, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding authors.
| | - Yung-Hsin Chuang
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsuey-Hwa Hu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hugo Y.-H. Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shiang Hwang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding authors.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gu YF, Lin FP, Epstein RJ. How aging of the global population is changing oncology. Ecancermedicalscience 2022; 15:ed119. [PMID: 35211208 PMCID: PMC8816510 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.ed119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Population aging is causing a demographic redistribution with implications for the future of healthcare. How will this affect oncology? First, there will be an overall rise in cancer affecting older adults, even though age-specific cancer incidences continue to fall due to better prevention. Second, there will be a wider spectrum of health functionality in this expanding cohort of older adults, with differences between “physiologically older” and “physiologically younger” patients becoming more important for optimal treatment selection. Third, greater teamwork with supportive care, geriatric, mental health and rehabilitation experts will come to enrich oncologic decision-making by making it less formulaic than it is at present. Success in this transition to a more nuanced professional mindset will depend in part on the development of user-friendly computational tools that can integrate a complex mix of quantitative and qualitative inputs from evidence-based medicine, functional and cognitive assessments, and the personal priorities of older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fei Gu
- New Hope Cancer Center, United Family Hospitals, 9 Jiangtai W Rd, Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Frank P Lin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney 2010, Australia.,NH&MRC Clinical Trials Centre, 92 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Richard J Epstein
- New Hope Cancer Center, United Family Hospitals, 9 Jiangtai W Rd, Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney 2010, Australia.,UNSW Clinical School, St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney 2010, Australia.,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4640-0195
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tsai YT, Chen WC, Hsu CM, Tsai MS, Chang GH, Lee YC, Huang EI, Fang CC, Lai CH. Survival-Weighted Health Profiles in Patients Treated for Advanced Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:754412. [PMID: 34660322 PMCID: PMC8511634 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.754412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives For patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), particularly for those with advanced disease, quality of life (QoL) is a key outcome measure. Therefore, we estimated survival-weighted psychometric scores (SWPS), life expectancy (LE), and quality-adjusted LE (QALE) in patients with advanced OSCC. Methods and Materials For estimation of survival function, we enrolled 2313 patients with advanced OSCC diagnosed between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2013. The patients were followed until death or December 31, 2014. To acquire the QoL data, data from 194 patients were collected by employing the Taiwan Chinese versions of the Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck 35 developed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the EQ-5D-3L between October 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017. The LE of the patients with OSCC were estimated through linear extrapolation of a logit-transformed curve. SWPS and QALE were determined by integrating the LE and corresponding QoL outcomes. Results For the patients with advanced OSCC, the estimated LE and QALE were 8.7 years and 7.7 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), respectively. The loss of LE and QALE was 19.0 years and 20.0 QALYs, respectively. The estimated lifetime impairments of swallowing, speech, cognitive functioning, physical functioning, social functioning, and emotional functioning were 8.3, 6.5, 6.5, 6.1, 5.7, and 5.4 years, respectively. The estimated lifetime problems regarding mouth opening, teeth, social eating, and social contact were 6.6, 6.1, 7.5, and 6.1 years, respectively. The duration of feeding tube dependency was estimated to be 1.6 years. Conclusions Patients with advanced OSCC had an estimated LE of 8.7 years and QALE of 7.7 QALYs. SWPS provided useful information regarding how advanced OSCC affects the subjective assessment of QoL. Our study results may serve as a reference for the allocation of cancer treatment resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Te Tsai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shao Tsai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Geng-He Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chan Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ethan I Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Cheng Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu JC, Wang SS, Chou YE, Chiu KY, Li JR, Chen CS, Hung SC, Yang CK, Ou YC, Cheng CL, Lin CY, Yang SF. Associations between LncRNA MALAT1 Polymorphisms and Lymph Node Metastasis in Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091692. [PMID: 34574033 PMCID: PMC8468695 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence elucidates that long noncoding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) could regulate genetic expression and play a crucial role in both the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MALAT1 could alter the oncogenesis in various cancers. However, the associations between MALAT1 SNPs and prostate cancer have barely been investigated to date. This study included 579 patients with prostate cancer who received robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy at Taichung Veterans General Hospital from 2012 to 2017. Three SNPs of MALAT1 were analyzed to identify the impacts of SNPs on the clinicopathologic features in Taiwanese prostate cancer. Our results show that patients with a polymorphic G allele at rs619586 had a significantly higher risk of being in an advanced Gleason grade group (AOR: 1.764; 95% CI: 1.011–3.077; p = 0.046). Moreover, individuals with at least one polymorphic A allele at MALAT1 rs1194338 in the PSA >10 ng/mL group were positively associated with node-positive prostate cancer. In conclusion, MALAT1 SNPs are significantly associated with the susceptibility to both advanced Gleason grade and nodal metastasis in prostate cancer. The presence of MALAT1 SNPs rs619586 and rs1194338 seems to enhance oncogenesis in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Chuan Hu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-C.H.); (S.-S.W.); (Y.-E.C.); (J.-R.L.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (Y.-C.O.); (C.-L.C.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (C.-K.Y.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Shiang Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-C.H.); (S.-S.W.); (Y.-E.C.); (J.-R.L.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (Y.-C.O.); (C.-L.C.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (C.-K.Y.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 545, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-C.H.); (S.-S.W.); (Y.-E.C.); (J.-R.L.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (Y.-C.O.); (C.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yuan Chiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (C.-K.Y.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 545, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ri Li
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-C.H.); (S.-S.W.); (Y.-E.C.); (J.-R.L.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (Y.-C.O.); (C.-L.C.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (C.-K.Y.)
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Shu Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-C.H.); (S.-S.W.); (Y.-E.C.); (J.-R.L.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (Y.-C.O.); (C.-L.C.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (C.-K.Y.)
| | - Sheng-Chun Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-C.H.); (S.-S.W.); (Y.-E.C.); (J.-R.L.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (Y.-C.O.); (C.-L.C.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (C.-K.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Kuang Yang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (C.-K.Y.)
| | - Yen-Chuan Ou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-C.H.); (S.-S.W.); (Y.-E.C.); (J.-R.L.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (Y.-C.O.); (C.-L.C.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (C.-K.Y.)
- Department of Urology, Tung’s Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Li Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-C.H.); (S.-S.W.); (Y.-E.C.); (J.-R.L.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (Y.-C.O.); (C.-L.C.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (C.-K.Y.)
| | - Chia-Yen Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-C.H.); (S.-S.W.); (Y.-E.C.); (J.-R.L.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (Y.-C.O.); (C.-L.C.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (C.-K.Y.)
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (S.-F.Y.)
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-C.H.); (S.-S.W.); (Y.-E.C.); (J.-R.L.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (Y.-C.O.); (C.-L.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (S.-F.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu LF, Wang WM, Wang JD. Functional and Cognitive Impairments Increased Risks of Outcomes of Healthcare Utilization in Patients With Stroke Receiving Home and Community-Based Care in Taiwan. Front Public Health 2021; 9:644911. [PMID: 34422739 PMCID: PMC8374076 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.644911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Stroke is a leading cause of disability; however, little is known about the outcomes of the utilization of long-term care (LTC) recipients in Taiwan. This study aimed to quantify the burdens of disease of stroke survivors receiving LTC by evaluating the outcomes of their utilization including mortality, readmissions, and re-emergency within 1 year after diagnoses of strokes. Methods: By interlinkages among the national mortality registry, LTC dataset (LTC-CM), and the National Health Insurance Research Dataset (NHIRD), the outcomes and the factors associated with receiving LTC up to 1 year were explored. Patients were aged 50 years and over with an inpatient claim of the first diagnosis of stroke of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke during 2011-2016. Outcomes of the healthcare utilization include rehospitalization and re-emergency. Results: There were 15,662 patients with stroke who utilized the LTC services in the dataset among the stroke population in NHIRD. Stroke survivors receiving LTC showed no difference in clinical characteristics and their expected years of life loss (EYLL = 7.4 years) among those encountered in NHIRD. The LTC recipients showed high possibilities to be rehospitalized and resent to emergency service within 1 year after diagnosis. Apart from the comorbidity and stroke severity, both the physical and mental functional disabilities and caregiving resources predicted the outcomes of the utilization. Conclusions: For stroke survivors, both severe functional impairments and cognitive impairments were found as important factors for healthcare utilizations. These results regarding reserving functional abilities deserve our consideration in making the decision on the ongoing LTC policy reform in the aged society of Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fan Liu
- Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Wang
- Department of Statistics, College of Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin CN, Lee KT, Chang SM, Wang JD. Cost-effectiveness evaluation of mammography screening program in Taiwan: Adjusting different distributions of age and calendar year for real world data. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:633-642. [PMID: 34246512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE We estimated loss-of-life expectancy (LE) and lifetime medical expenditures (LME) stratified by stages to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of breast cancer (BC) screening in Taiwan. METHODS We interlinked four national databases- Cancer Registry, Mortality Registry, National Health Insurance Claim, and Mammography Screening. A cohort of 123,221 BC was identified during 2002-2015 and followed until December 31, 2017. We estimated LE and loss-of-LE by rolling extrapolation algorithm using age-, sex-, and calendar-year-matched referents simulated from vital statistics. LME was estimated by multiplying monthly cost with survival probability and adjusted for annual discount rate. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) by comparing the loss-of-LE of those detected by screening versus non-screening after accounting for administration fees and radiation-related excess BC. RESULTS The LEs of stages I, II, III, and IV were 31.4, 27.2, 20.0, and 5.2 years, respectively, while the loss-of-LEs were 1.2, 4.9, 11.7, and 25.0 years with corresponding LMEs of US$ 73,791, 79,496, 89,962, and 66,981, respectively. The difference in LE between stages I and IV was 26.2 years while that of loss-of-LE was 23.8 years, which implies that a potential lead time bias may exist if diagnosis at younger ages for earlier stages were not adjusted for. The ICER of mammography seemed cost-saving after the coverage exceeded half a million. CONCLUSION Mammography could detect BC early and be cost-saving after adjustment for different distributions of age and calendar year of diagnosis. Future studies exploring healthcare expenditure and impaired quality of life for false-positive cases are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ni Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ting Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Mao Chang
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lai WW, Chung CH, Lin CN, Yang SC, Hwang JS, Wang JD. QALYs and medical costs saved from prevention of a cancer: Analysis of nation-wide real-world data of Taiwan with lifetime horizon. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 120:2089-2099. [PMID: 34020855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To quantify savings of loss-of-QALE (quality-adjusted life expectancy) and lifetime medical costs from prevention of different cancers. METHODS We collected nation-wide data on 808,700 new cancer cases of 14 different organ systems and followed them from 1998 to 2014 in Taiwan. We also collected 13,005 cancer patients from a medical center and 47,320 repeated measurements of quality of life (QoL) of EQ-5D to obtain utility values and multiplied them with the corresponding survival rates to calculate QALE. With Kaplan-Meier estimation to survival function to the end of follow-up, we extrapolated to lifetime through a rolling over algorithm on the logit transform of the survival ratio between the index cohort and age-, sex, and calendar year matched referents simulated from vital statistics. Lifetime costs for each cancer were estimated by multiplying survival with average monthly costs after adjustment with annual discount rate. The loss-of-QALE was estimated by the difference in QALE between the index cancer cohort and corresponding referents. RESULTS The dynamic changes and weighted averages of the QoL utility values of 14 different cancers ranged from 0.82 to 0.95. Successful prevention of liver, lung, esophagus, or nasopharynx cancer would save more than 10 quality-adjusted life years and more than 21,000 USD per case for both genders. Since the saving of loss-of-QALE was adjusted for different age, sex, and calendar-year distributions, it could be used in cost effectiveness evaluation. CONCLUSION Savings of loss-of-QALE and lifetime costs could be used for comparison of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation from a lifetime horizon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Wei Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Chung
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Complications of Outpatient and Inpatient Renal Biopsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040651. [PMID: 33916860 PMCID: PMC8066170 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The evidence indicates that the optimal observation period following renal biopsy ranges between 6 and 8 h. This systematic review and meta-analysis explored whether differences exist in the complication rates of renal biopsies performed in outpatient and inpatient settings. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 1985 to February 2020. Two reviewers independently selected studies evaluating the bleeding risk from renal biopsies performed in outpatient and inpatient settings and reviewed their full texts. The primary and secondary outcomes were risks of bleeding and major events (including mortality) following the procedure, respectively. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the original study design (i.e., prospective or retrospective). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effect meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Results: Data from all 10 eligible studies, which included a total of 1801 patients and 203 bleeding events, were included for analysis. Renal biopsies in outpatient settings were not associated with a higher bleeding risk than those in inpatient settings (OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.59–1.11; I2 = 0%). The risk of major events was also comparable across both groups (OR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.16–1.29; I2 = 4%). Conclusions: Similar rates of bleeding and major events following renal biopsy in outpatient and inpatient settings were observed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee IY, Shih CY, Wei YT, Weng TC, Shieh SJ, Wang JD. Increasing burden of major trauma in elderly adults during 2003-2015: Analysis of real-world data from Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:144-151. [PMID: 33674232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major trauma has been one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and functional disability, resulting in substantial societal burden. The aim of this study was to estimate the trends in burden of adult major trauma in Taiwan during 2003-2015. METHODS Adult patients with initial encounter of major trauma (injury severity score ≥ 16) were abstracted from the claim data of National Health Insurance (NHI) in Taiwan from January 2003 to December 2015. We explored the trends of incidence and mortality rates over time stratified by age and sex, as well as life expectancy (LE), loss-of-LE, lifetime healthcare expenditure and total loss-of-LE compared with age, sex and calendar-year matched referents simulated from the vital statistics of Taiwan. RESULTS A total of 71,731 cases of adult major trauma, and an estimated loss of 979,676 life-years were found with an increasing trend in cumulative incidence rate (CIR18-84) during 2003-2015. The incidence rates were significantly higher in men than women. For both sexes, the incidence rates for those aged 65 and above were about 2-3 times higher than those of all other age groups. The one-year case fatality rates among the elderly were about 31-61%, higher than all other ages. The lifetime healthcare expenditures per person were 47,616 USD in men and 43,416 USD in women. CONCLUSION There is a consistently increasing trend in incidence and mortality of major trauma in Taiwan, especially among elderly people. For Taiwan, an aged society beginning since 2018, the challenge should be tackled more effectively in the coming decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Ying Lee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yin Shih
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chia Weng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jou Shieh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chiu YM, Lu YP, Lan JL, Chen DY, Wang JD. Lifetime Risks, Life Expectancy, and Health Care Expenditures for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Nationwide Cohort Followed Up From 2003 to 2016. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 73:750-758. [PMID: 33295139 PMCID: PMC8247851 DOI: 10.1002/art.41597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was undertaken to estimate the cumulative incidence rate of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Taiwanese population ages 16–84 years, and life expectancy, loss of life expectancy, and lifetime health care expenditures for incident RA in Taiwan after 2003, when biologics began to be prescribed. Methods We obtained all claims data for the period 1999 to 2016 from the National Health Insurance program of Taiwan, and validated the data against the Catastrophic Illness Registry to establish the study cohort. We estimated the survival function for RA and extrapolated to lifetime using a rolling‐over algorithm. For every RA case, we simulated sex‐, age‐, and calendar year–matched referents from vital statistics and estimated their life expectancy. The difference between the life expectancy of the referent and the life expectancy of the RA patient was the loss of life expectancy for the RA patient. Average monthly health care expenditures were multiplied by the corresponding survival rates and summed up throughout the lifetime to calculate the lifetime health care expenditures. Results A total of 29,352 new RA cases were identified during 2003–2016. There was a decreasing trend in cumulative incidence rate in those ages 16–84 for both sexes. Mean life expectancy after diagnosis of RA was 26.3 years, and mean lifetime cost was $72,953. RA patients had a mean loss of life expectancy of 4.97 years. Women with RA survived 1–2 years longer than men with RA of the same age, which resulted in higher lifetime expenditures for the former. Since the life expectancy for women in Taiwan was 6–7 years higher than that for men, the loss of life expectancy for women with RA was higher than that for men with RA. Annual health care expenditures were similar for both sexes. Conclusion Our findings indicate that since biologics became available, RA patients have lived longer and had higher lifetime expenditures, which should be monitored and evaluated for cost‐effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ming Chiu
- China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Peng Lu
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Joung-Liang Lan
- China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- National Cheng Kung University and National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Increased risk of dementia in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer treated with radiation therapy: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 93:104303. [PMID: 33302001 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the risk of dementia in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) after undergoing radiation therapy (RT). METHODS Between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, 594 patients newly diagnosed with NPC and treated with RT (NPC cohort) were identified from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) for this nationwide population-based matched cohort study. LHID is a subset of the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. We selected 2376 controls (non-NPC comparison cohort) using a four-fold propensity score-matched by sex, age, comorbidities, education level, tobacco abuse, and index date (the date when the patient received first RT). After adjusting for confounding factors, Fine and Gray's competing risk analysis compared dementia development between the NPC study cohort and non-NPC comparison cohort over the observation period from 2000 to 2015. RESULTS Dementia development was 6.57% (39 of 594) and 4.42% (105 of 2376) in the NPC study cohort and non-NPC comparison cohort, respectively. Patients with NPC receiving RT were more likely to develop dementia than the comparison cohort, with a crude hazard ratio (HR) of 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.25-2.13, P < 0.001]. After adjusting for age, sex, education level, tobacco abuse, comorbidity, geographic area, urbanization level of the residence, and care level, the adjusted HR was 1.91 (95% CI = 1.42-2.51, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with NPC receiving RT had a 1.91-fold higher risk of dementia than the non-NPC comparison controls.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang L, Yang M, Guo X, Yang Z, Liu S, Ji Y, Jin H. Estrogen-related receptor-α promotes gallbladder cancer development by enhancing the transcription of Nectin-4. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1514-1527. [PMID: 32030850 PMCID: PMC7226197 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor-α (ERRα) is a nuclear receptor of transcription factor that binds to estrogen responsive elements and estrogen-related responsive elements. Estrogen-related receptor-α is involved in metabolic processes and implicated in the progression and growth of several human malignancies. However, the biologic role and clinical significance of ERRα in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains to be clarified. Here, we reported that ERRα protein expression was notably higher in GBC tissues than in cholecystitis tissues, and that the aberrantly higher ERRα expression was positively correlated with advanced TNM stage and indicated dismal prognosis of GBC (P < .01). In GBC cell lines NOZ and OCUG, the targeted depletion of ERRα retarded the growth and suppressed the migration and invasive capabilities of GBC cells, and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition by decreasing the expression of mesenchymal markers and elevating the expression of epithelial markers. Moreover, ERRα knockdown inhibited tumor growth in nude mice and led to decreased expression levels of Nectin-4, p-PI3K p85α, and p-AKT. Overexpression of ERRα in the GBC-SD cell line showed exactly the opposite effect. The targeted inhibition of Nectin-4 antagonized GBC cell proliferation and invasion, which were induced by ERRα upregulation. Moreover, Nectin-4 depletion inhibited the ERRα-induced activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays showed that ERRα enhanced the transcription of Nectin-4 by binding to the promoter of Nectin-4. In conclusion, our data indicated that ERRα could be a potential target for the genetic treatment of GBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiChina
| | - MengMeng Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control TechnologyJiangsu Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWuxiChina
| | - Xingmei Guo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General SurgeryXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shilei Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General SurgeryXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Huihan Jin
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiChina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hwang JS, Hu TH. Later-Life Exposure to Moderate PM 2.5 Air Pollution and Life Loss of Older Adults in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061873. [PMID: 32183123 PMCID: PMC7143176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Few studies have directly estimated expected life loss attributable to lifetime exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Methods: We used claims data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance to create 63 study cohorts of 1.91 million residents aged 60–79 years old residing in small areas where air quality monitoring stations are situated. The survival status of each person was followed from 2001 to 2016. We applied an extrapolation algorithm to estimate the lifetime survival function so that we could directly estimate life expectancy (LE) and the lifetime exposure to PM2.5 of each cohort. We estimated the association between LE and lifetime exposure to PM2.5 among the 63 cohorts. We also fit a Cox proportional hazards model to all the data combined to estimate the relative risk of mortality. Results: Older adults who lived in an area with a higher lifetime weighted average PM2.5 of 10 μg/m3 had a shortened LE by 0.34 (95% CI: 0.22–0.46) years. The hazard ratio of mortality was 1.0245 (1.0242–1.0248) per one μg/m3 increase in lifetime average PM2.5. Conclusion: This study provides strong evidence that later-life exposure to moderate PM2.5 air pollution had a substantial impact on the life loss of older adults.
Collapse
|
21
|
Lai WW, Lin CN, Chang CC, Wang JD. Lifetime risks, expected years of life lost, and cost-per-life year of esophageal cancer in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3722. [PMID: 32111930 PMCID: PMC7048720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides lifetime risks, we estimated life expectancy (LE), expected years of life lost (EYLL), lifetime costs, and cost-per-LY (life-year) stratified by different stages of esophageal cancer (EC). From the Taiwan Cancer Registry, we collected 14,420 EC to estimate the incidence rates during 2008–2014. They were followed to 2015 to obtain the survival function, which was extrapolated to lifetime by a semiparametric method. We abstracted the monthly healthcare expenditures from the reimbursement database of National Health Insurance, which were multiplied with the corresponding survival probabilities to quantify lifetime cost and cost-per-LY after adjustments. About 93.7% of patients were male; 90.8% had squamous cell carcinoma. Most patients were diagnosed at advanced stages, with 44.6% and 28.3% at stages III and IV. The lifetime risk of EC in males increased in Taiwan with a cumulative incidence rate (CIR30–84) of 0.0146% (2008~2010) to 0.0165% (2013–2014). The EYLL for stages I-IV were 15.8, 17.5, 20.5, and 22.5, while the average of cost-per-LY for stages I-IV were US$ 6,987, $8,776, $12,153, and $22,426. EC in Taiwan appears to have shifted into younger ages groups and incidence is still increasing. Strategies for prevention, early diagnosis and treatment are warranted to improve the cost-effectiveness and control of this cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Wei Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Lin
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chun Chang
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Su HA, Hsiao SW, Hsu YC, Wang LY, Yen HH. Superiority of NBI endoscopy to PET/CT scan in detecting esophageal cancer among head and neck cancer patients: a retrospective cohort analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:69. [PMID: 31996171 PMCID: PMC6988258 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Second primary cancer of the esophagus is frequent in head and neck patients, especially in high-risk populations, and has a great impact on the prognosis. Although Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan is commonly conducted in head and neck patients, its ability to detect early esophageal cancer is limited. Narrow-band imaging endoscopy is an accurate and convenient technique for esophageal examination. We aimed to compare PET/CT scan and narrow-band imaging endoscopy for the detection of esophageal cancer in head and neck cancer patients. Methods From November 2015 to November 2018, all head and neck cancer patients who underwent both PET/CT scan and narrow-band imaging endoscopy at Changhua Christian Hospital were retrospectively enrolled. Descriptive statistics, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, logistic regression analysis, independent Student’s t-test, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were conducted with MedCalc Statistical Software. Results A total of 147 subjects were included in the analysis; suspicious esophageal lesions were identified by PET/CT scan in 8 (5.44%) and by narrow-band imaging in 35 (23.81%). The final pathologic diagnoses were esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in 10 and high-grade dysplasia in 5. The respective sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for detecting suspicious esophageal lesions were 33.33, 97.73%, and 0.655 for PET/CT scan, and 100.0, 84.85%, and 0.924 for narrow-band imaging endoscopy. Hypopharyngeal or laryngeal location of the primary head and neck cancer was the only risk factor for developing second primary esophageal cancer. Conclusions PET/CT scan was inferior to narrow-band imaging endoscopy in detecting second primary esophageal cancer in head and neck cancer patients. In addition to PET/CT scan, narrow-band imaging endoscopy should be considered in head and neck patients at high risk for developing second primary esophageal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-An Su
- Department of Medical Education, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Wen Hsiao
- Endoscopy Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nanhsiao Street, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Hsu
- Endoscopy Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nanhsiao Street, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Yen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Heng Yen
- Endoscopy Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nanhsiao Street, Changhua, Taiwan. .,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,General Education Center, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Long Term Survival of Pathological Thoracolumbar Fractures Treated with Vertebroplasty: Analysis Using a Nationwide Insurance Claim Database. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010078. [PMID: 31892264 PMCID: PMC7019827 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are still debates on the long-term outcome of treating pathological thoracolumbar fractures, including osteoporosis and oncologic problems, using vertebroplasty. Methods: We collected 8625 patients with pathological thoracolumbar fractures (ICD-9-CM codes 733.13 combined with 805.2 or 805.4) between the years of 2003 to 2013, from the two million random samples from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Survival analysis was conducted to estimate the mortality risks of different treatments, including vertebroplasty (n = 1389), conventional open surgery (n = 1219), or conservative treatment (n = 6017). A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was constructed for adjustment of age, gender, comorbidities and complications. Results: Crude incidence rate of patients with pathological thoracolumbar fractures in Taiwan gradually increased year by year. Compared with conservative treatment, conventional open surgery and vertebroplasty seemed to improve long-term survival with adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.93), and 0.87 (95% CI 0.77–0.99), respectively. The survival advantage of vertebroplasty appeared more evident for those aged over 75. However, we were unable to rule out confounding by indication. Conclusion: Although conventional open surgery would usually be the best choice for the treatment of patients with pathological thoracolumbar fractures, database information from current real-world practice appears to support vertebroplasty as a viable choice for elderly people over 75 years of age.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu TY, Chang TW, Chang SM, Lin YY, Wang JD, Kuo YL. Dynamic Changes Of Body Image And Quality Of Life In Breast Cancer Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10563-10571. [PMID: 31908528 PMCID: PMC6925559 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s223314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dynamic changes of body image and quality of life (QoL) in breast cancer patients were not commonly investigated. We aimed to compare the dynamic changes in QoL and body image of breast cancer survivors receiving breast-conserving surgery or total mastectomy within 5–10 years after surgery. Methods Patients with non-metastatic breast cancer who received surgery were invited to complete the World Health Organization Quality of Life–Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire and the Body Image Scale (BIS) within 10 years after surgery. We applied kernel smoothing methods to capture the dynamic changes of the patients’ QoL and body image within 5 years after surgery. We also constructed multiple linear regression models to identify predictive factors for QoL and body image. Results A total of 581 patients were collected, and 211 of them received breast-conserving surgery. There were no statistically significant differences in QoL and body image for breast-conserving surgery versus total mastectomy, but the former showed fluctuating trends. BIS was a predictor of every item and domain in the WHOQOL-BREF in the multiple linear regression model, and explanatory of the trends of dynamic change over time. Patients without lymph node dissection seemed to have less positive feelings but were more satisfied with sexual activities. Conclusion Body image is predictive of the QoL of breast cancer patients. Dynamic changes of body image and QoL would be useful for shared decision-making regarding surgery in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yi Wu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wang Chang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital - China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Mao Chang
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ying Lin
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan and Dou-Liou, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yeh TS, Wang JD, Ku LJE. Estimating Life Expectancy and Lifetime Healthcare Costs for Alzheimer's Disease in Taiwan: Does the Age of Disease Onset Matter? J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 73:307-315. [PMID: 31771049 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with early onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) seem to suffer greater impact. But there is a lack of population-based studies on loss of life expectancy (LE) and lifetime healthcare costs. OBJECTIVES We conducted this study to estimate LE, expected years of life lost (EYLL), and lifetime healthcare costs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Taiwan stratified by onset age and gender, using a method which integrates the product of the survival function and the mean cost function over a lifetime horizon. METHODS We linked the National Health Insurance datasets with the National Mortality Registry and extrapolated the survival to lifetime to estimate the mean cumulative costs since the date of the first AD diagnosis using medical claims between 2001 and 2012. RESULTS A total of 21,615 mild to moderate AD patients (including 20,358 late-onset (LOAD) and 1,257 EOAD) were recruited. The average onset age for EOAD was 61 years old, while that of LOAD was 78. Although the LE of EOAD was 4.8 years longer than that of LOAD due to younger age, the EYLL for the former was 8.7 years versus 1.7 years for the latter. EOAD also had higher lifetime healthcare costs than the LOAD group (USD$37,957±2,403 versus 33,809±786). CONCLUSIONS Since EOAD patients had both higher EYLL and lifetime healthcare costs than LOAD, future studies should pay more attention to the needs of EOAD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Shin Yeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Departments of Internal Medicine and Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Elizabeth Ku
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chung CH, Hu TH, Wang JD, Hwang JS. Estimation of Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy of Patients With Oral Cancer: Integration of Lifetime Survival With Repeated Quality-of-Life Measurements. Value Health Reg Issues 2019; 21:59-65. [PMID: 31655464 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality-adjusted life year is widely applied nowadays, which consider both survival and quality of life (QoL). When most diseases are becoming chronic, it is imperative to quantify the overall health impact of a disease in lifetime perspective. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to introduce methods for estimating quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) and loss of QALE in patients with a disease or specific conditions. METHODS The QALE of an index cohort can be represented as the integration of the product of lifetime survival function and mean QoL function. We introduce a robust extrapolation approach for estimating lifetime survival function and propose an approach for estimating lifetime mean QoL function for studies with limited follow-up. The best part of the proposed method is that the survival data and QoL data can be collected separately. A cohort of patients with a specific condition can be identified by databases that regularly collect data for the control of diseases, and their survival status is verified by linking to a mortality registry. Although nationwide QoL data are not available, researchers can implement a relative short-term follow-up interview on a random sample of patients to collect QoL data. For demonstration, we applied the proposed methods to estimate QALE and loss of QALE of oral cancer patients. RESULTS The estimates (95% confidence interval) of QALE for oral cancer patients were 11.0 (10.5-11.6) and 14.2 (12.7-15.5) quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for men and women, respectively. The estimates of loss of QALE for the male and female patients with oral cancer were 14.4 (13.8-14.9) and 7.5 (6.2-9.0) QALYs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The methods for estimating QALE and loss of QALE can be applied to economic evaluation of cancer control, including screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Chung
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsuey-Hwa Hu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang Y, Chiang CJ, Lee WC. Age-standardized expected years of life lost: quantification of cancer severity. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:486. [PMID: 31046731 PMCID: PMC6498471 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The critical implications of the expected years of life lost (EYLL) index of cancer for health policy assessments have been largely overlooked. We advocate to standardize life lost indices. Methods Using the Taiwan Cancer Registry database as an example, we calculated the EYLL and the age-standardized EYLL to facilitate comparisons among cancer types (a total of 903,935 patients from the database). The International Cancer Survival Standard was used for calculating age-standardized EYLL. Results Pancreatic cancer is the most severe cancer in Taiwan, with the greatest age-standardized EYLL for the men (15.6 years) and women (18.0 years) as well as for the men and women combined (16.6 years). Negative correlations were observed between unstandardized EYLL of cancer and mean age at diagnosis. Conclusions The unstandardized EYLL represents an overall assessment of disease burden, whereas the age-standardized EYLL is a suitable measure of disease severity. We suggest that both measures be incorporated into routine annual reports of cancer statistics alongside the usual incidence and mortality rates and their age-standardized counterparts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6843-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh Wang
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, Rm 506, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, Rm 506, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Lee
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, Rm 506, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Psychometric evaluation of the WHOQOL-BREF, Taiwan version, across five kinds of Taiwanese cancer survivors: Rasch analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 118:215-222. [PMID: 29661488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL) is important for clinicians to evaluate how cancer survivors judge their sense of well-being, and WHOQOL-BREF may be a good tool for clinical use. However, at least three issues remain unresolved: (1) the psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-BREF for cancer patients are insufficient; (2) the scoring method used for WHOQOL-BREF needs to be clarify; (3) whether different types of cancer patients interpret the WHOQOL-BREF similarly. METHODS We recruited 1000 outpatients with head/neck cancer, 1000 with colorectal cancer, 965 with liver cancer, 1438 with lung cancer and 1299 with gynecologic cancers in a medical center. Data analyses included Rasch models, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Pearson correlations. RESULTS The mean WHOQOL-BREF domain scores were between 13.34 and 14.77 among all participants. CFA supported construct validity; Rasch models revealed that almost all items were embedded in their expected domains and were interpreted similarly across five types of cancer patients; all correlation coefficients between Rasch scores and original domain scores were above 0.9. CONCLUSION The linear relationship between Rasch scores and domain scores suggested that the current calculations for domain scores were applicable and without serious bias. Clinical practitioners may regularly collect and record the WHOQOL-BREF domain scores into electronic health records.
Collapse
|