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Ranjbar S, Zakavi SR, Eisazadeh R, Mirshahvalad SA, Pilz J, Jamshidi-Araghi Z, Schweighofer-Zwink G, Koelblinger P, Pirich C, Beheshti M. Impact of [ 18F]FDG PET/CT in the Assessment of Immunotherapy-Induced Arterial Wall Inflammation in Melanoma Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091617. [PMID: 37175008 PMCID: PMC10178249 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role of [18F]FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the early detection of arterial wall inflammation (AWI) in melanoma patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Our retrospective study enrolled 95 melanoma patients who had received ICIs. Inclusion criteria were ICI therapy for at least six months and at least three [18F]FDG PET/CTs, including one pretreatment session plus two scans three and six months after treatment initiation. AWI was assessed using quantitative and qualitative methods in the subclavian artery, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta. We found three patients with AWI visual suspicion in the baseline scan, which increased to five in the second and twelve in the third session. Most of these patients' treatments were terminated due to either immune-related adverse events (irAEs) or disease progression. In the overall population, the ratio of arterial-wall maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax)/liver-SUVmax was significantly higher three months after treatment than the pretreatment scan in the thoracic aorta (0.83 ± 0.12 vs. 0.79 ± 0.10; p-value = 0.01) and subclavian artery (0.67 ± 0.13 vs. 0.63 ± 0.12; p-value = 0.01), and it remained steady in the six-month follow-up. None of our patients were diagnosed with definite clinical vasculitis on the dermatology follow-up reports. To conclude, our study showed [18F]FDG PET/CT's potential to visualise immunotherapy-induced subclinical inflammation in large vessels. This may lead to more accurate prediction of irAEs and better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Ranjbar
- Division of Molecular Imaging & Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Seyed Rasoul Zakavi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran
| | - Roya Eisazadeh
- Division of Molecular Imaging & Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Seyed Ali Mirshahvalad
- Division of Molecular Imaging & Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Julia Pilz
- Division of Molecular Imaging & Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Urology, Ordensklinikum Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Zahra Jamshidi-Araghi
- Division of Molecular Imaging & Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gregor Schweighofer-Zwink
- Division of Molecular Imaging & Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Koelblinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Pirich
- Division of Molecular Imaging & Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Division of Molecular Imaging & Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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2
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Ferraresi V, Vari S. Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors in high-risk stage III melanoma. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:1971015. [PMID: 34882516 PMCID: PMC9122306 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1971015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of immunotherapy and targeted therapy for metastatic melanoma has generated considerable interest in the adjuvant setting, even though high-risk stage III melanoma (with or without in-transit metastases) still holds a substantial probability of relapse, despite surgical resection and available adjuvant treatments. Based on preclinical and clinical trials in resectable melanoma, immune checkpoint inhibitors can enhance anti-tumor immunity by activating antigen-specific T cells found in the primary site. These tumor-reactive T cells continue to exert their anti-tumor effects on remaining neoplastic cells after resection of the primary tumor, potentially preventing relapses from reoccurring. Several trials in the neoadjuvant setting have been conducted for melanoma patients using checkpoint inhibitors with promising early data, showing an improvement of operability and clinical outcomes. Hence, in this study, we review and discuss the available published and ongoing clinical trials to explore the scientific background behind immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Ferraresi
- UOSD Sarcomas and Rare Tumors, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Vari
- UOSD Sarcomas and Rare Tumors, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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3
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Retinal toxicities of systemic anticancer drugs. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:97-148. [PMID: 34048859 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Newer anticancer drugs have revolutionized cancer treatment in the last decade, but conventional chemotherapy still occupies a central position in many cancers, with combination therapy and newer methods of delivery increasing their efficacy while minimizing toxicities. We discuss the retinal toxicities of anticancer drugs with an emphasis on the mechanism of toxicity. Uveitis is seen with the use of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B editing anticancer inhibitors as well as immunotherapy. Most of the cases are mild with only anterior uveitis, but severe cases of posterior uveitis, panuveitis, and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like disease may also occur. In the retina, a transient neurosensory detachment is observed in almost all patients on mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors. Microvasculopathy is often seen with interferon α, but vascular occlusion is a more serious toxicity caused by interferon α and MEK inhibitors. Crystalline retinopathy with or without macular edema may occur with tamoxifen; however, even asymptomatic patients may develop cavitatory spaces seen on optical coherence tomography. A unique macular edema with angiographic silence is characteristic of taxanes. Delayed dark adaptation has been observed with fenretinide. Interestingly, this drug is finding potential application in Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration.
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4
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Kim Y, Gil J, Pla I, Sanchez A, Betancourt LH, Lee B, Appelqvist R, Ingvar C, Lundgren L, Olsson H, Baldetorp B, Kwon HJ, Oskolás H, Rezeli M, Doma V, Kárpáti S, Szasz AM, Németh IB, Malm J, Marko-Varga G. Protein Expression in Metastatic Melanoma and the Link to Disease Presentation in a Range of Tumor Phenotypes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E767. [PMID: 32213878 PMCID: PMC7140007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is among the most aggressive skin cancers and it has among the highest metastatic potentials. Although surgery to remove the primary tumor is the gold standard treatment, once melanoma progresses and metastasizes to the lymph nodes and distal organs, i.e., metastatic melanoma (MM), the usual outcome is decreased survival. To improve survival rates and life span, advanced treatments have focused on the success of targeted therapies in the MAPK pathway that are based on BRAF (BRAF V600E) and MEK. The majority of patients with tumors that have higher expression of BRAF V600E show poorer prognosis than patients with a lower level of the mutated protein. Based on the molecular basis of melanoma, these findings are supported by distinct tumor phenotypes determined from differences in tumor heterogeneity and protein expression profiles. With these aspects in mind, continued challenges are to: (1) deconvolute the complexity and heterogeneity of MM; (2) identify the signaling pathways involved; and (3) determine protein expression to develop targeted therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the results from protein expression in MM and the link to disease presentation in a variety of tumor phenotypes and how these will overcome the challenges of clinical problems and suggest new promising approaches in metastatic melanoma and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyo Kim
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (L.L.); (H.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Jeovanis Gil
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (L.L.); (H.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Indira Pla
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aniel Sanchez
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lazaro Hiram Betancourt
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
| | - Boram Lee
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
| | - Roger Appelqvist
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
| | - Christian Ingvar
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Lund, 222 42 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Lotta Lundgren
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (L.L.); (H.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (L.L.); (H.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Bo Baldetorp
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (L.L.); (H.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Henriett Oskolás
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
| | - Viktoria Doma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Sarolta Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.D.); (S.K.)
| | - A. Marcell Szasz
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Balázs Németh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Johan Malm
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjiku Shinjiku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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5
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Synthesis of P-Stereogenic Diarylphosphinamides as Novel Inhibitors of Melanoma. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-9103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Yu Q, Xie J, Li J, Lu Y, Liao L. Clinical outcomes of BRAF plus MEK inhibition in melanoma: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5414-5424. [PMID: 31393083 PMCID: PMC6745835 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is a potentially fatal malignancy with poor prognosis. Several recent studies have demonstrated that combination therapy of BRAF and MEK inhibition achieved better curative effect and appeared less toxic effects. We conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety between BRAF inhibition plus MEK inhibition combination therapy and BRAF inhibition monotherapy in melanoma patients. Methods We performed the search in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from January 2010 to January 2019. Inclusion and exclusion of studies, assessment of quality, outcome measures, data extraction, and synthesis were independently accomplished by two reviewers. Revman 5.3 software was used for the meta‐analysis. Results Totally, seven randomized controlled trials involving 3146 patients met our inclusion criteria. Comparing the results of combination therapy and monotherapy, combination therapy significantly improved OS (RR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08, 1.19; P < 0.00001), ORR (RR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.28, 1.45; P < 0.00001), PFS (RR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.52, 0.63; P < 0.00001) and reduced deaths (RR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69, 0.88; P < 0.0001). Skin‐related adverse events such as hyperkeratosis, cutaneous squamous‐cell carcinoma were less compared with monotherapy. However, gastrointestinal events like nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting were at a higher frequency. Conclusion Doublet BRAF and MEK inhibition achieved better survival outcomes over single‐agent BRAF inhibition and occurred less skin‐related events, but gastrointestinal events were more in combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Yu
- Guangxi Medical University, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jiayi Xie
- Guangxi Medical University, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jiangmiao Li
- Guangxi Medical University, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yunxin Lu
- Guangxi Medical University, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Liang Liao
- Guangxi Medical University, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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7
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Chen HY, Jiang YW, Kuo CL, Way TD, Chou YC, Chang YS, Chung JG. Chrysin inhibit human melanoma A375.S2 cell migration and invasion via affecting MAPK signaling and NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:434-442. [PMID: 30578657 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous evidences have shown that chrysin induced cytotoxic effects via induced cell cycle arrest and induction of cell apoptosis in human cancer cell lines, however, no information showed that chrysin inhibited skin cancer cell migration and invasion. In this study, we investigated anti-metastasis mechanisms of chrysin in human melanoma cancer A375.S2 cells in vitro. Under sub-lethal concentrations of chrysin (0, 5, 10, and 15 μM) which inhibits cell mobility, migration and invasion of A375.S2 cells that were assayed by wound healing and Transwell filter. That chrysin inhibited MMP-2 activity in A375.S2 cells was investigated by gelatin zymography assay. Western blotting was used to examine protein expression and results indicated that chrysin inhibited the expression of GRB2, SOS-1, PKC, p-AKT (Thr308), NF-κBp65, and NF-κBp50 at 24 and 48 hours treatment, but only at 10-15 μM of chrysin decreased Ras, PI3K, p-c-Jun, and Snail only at 48 hours treatment and only decrease p-AKT(Ser473) at 24 hours treatment. Furthermore, chrysin (5-15 μM) decreased the expression of uPA, N-cadherin and MMP-1 at 24 and 48 hours treatment but only decreased MMP-2 and VEGF at 48 hours treatment at 10-15 μM and 5-15 μM of chrysin, respectively, however, increased E-cadherin at 5-15 μM treatment. Results of confocal laser microscopy systems indicated that chrysin inhibited expression of NF-κBp65 in A375.S2 cells. Based on these observations, we suggest that chrysin can be used in anti-metastasis of human melanoma cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Jiang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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8
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Schmidt KM, Dietrich P, Hackl C, Guenzle J, Bronsert P, Wagner C, Fichtner-Feigl S, Schlitt HJ, Geissler EK, Hellerbrand C, Lang SA. Inhibition of mTORC2/RICTOR Impairs Melanoma Hepatic Metastasis. Neoplasia 2018; 20:1198-1208. [PMID: 30404068 PMCID: PMC6224335 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) with its pivotal component rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR) is the major regulator of AKT phosphorylation and is increasingly implicated in tumor growth and progression. In cutaneous melanoma, an extremely aggressive and highly metastatic disease, RICTOR overexpression is involved in tumor development and invasiveness. Therefore, we investigated the impact of RICTOR inhibition in melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo with special emphasis on hepatic metastasis. Moreover, our study focused on the interaction of tumor cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) which play a crucial role in the hepatic microenvironment. In silico analysis revealed increased RICTOR expression in melanoma cells and tissues and indicated higher expression in advanced melanoma stages and metastases. In vitro, transient RICTOR knock-down via siRNA caused a significant reduction of tumor cell motility. Using a syngeneic murine splenic injection model, a significant decrease in liver metastasis burden was detected in vivo. Moreover, stimulation of melanoma cells with conditioned medium (CM) from activated HSC or hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) led to a significant induction of AKT phosphorylation and tumor cell motility. Blocking of RICTOR expression in cancer cells diminished constitutive and HGF-induced AKT phosphorylation as well as cell motility. Interestingly, RICTOR blockade also led to an abrogation of CM-induced effects on AKT phosphorylation and motility in melanoma cells. In conclusion, these results provide first evidence for a critical role of mTORC2/RICTOR in melanoma liver metastasis via cancer cell/HSC interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 9, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Dietrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, Germany; Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christina Hackl
- Department of Surgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 9, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jessica Guenzle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, Germany.
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 115a, Germany; Tumorbank Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 115a, Germany.
| | - Christine Wagner
- Department of Surgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 9, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, Germany.
| | - Hans J Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 9, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Edward K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 9, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, Germany.
| | - Sven A Lang
- Department of Surgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 9, Regensburg, Germany; Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, Germany.
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9
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Abstract
The incidence of malignant melanoma is increasing rapidly on a global scale. Although some types of melanoma, for example primary cutaneous melanoma, can be managed by surgery, metastatic melanoma cannot and it has a high mortality rate. Both oncogene and immune-targeted strategies have shown marked efficacy in some patients, but their effect on overall survival is still variable. Therefore, newer therapeutic approaches are needed. Fortunately, new advances in molecular medicine have led to an understanding of an individual patient's cancer at the genomic level. This information is now being used in all stages of cancer treatment including diagnosis, treatment selection, and treatment monitoring. This new strategy of personalized medicine may lead to marked shifts in immunotherapeutic treatment approaches such as individualized cancer vaccines and adoptive transfer of genetically modified T cells. This review provides an overview of recent approaches in cancer research and expected impact on the future of treatment for metastatic melanoma.
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10
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Reevaluation of established and new criteria in differential diagnosis of Spitz nevus and melanoma. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:329-342. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Cervia D, Assi E, De Palma C, Giovarelli M, Bizzozero L, Pambianco S, Di Renzo I, Zecchini S, Moscheni C, Vantaggiato C, Procacci P, Clementi E, Perrotta C. Essential role for acid sphingomyelinase-inhibited autophagy in melanoma response to cisplatin. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24995-5009. [PMID: 27107419 PMCID: PMC5041885 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid metabolising enzyme Acid Sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) has been recently shown to inhibit melanoma progression and correlate inversely to tumour grade. In this study we have investigated the role of A-SMase in the chemo-resistance to anticancer treatmentusing mice with melanoma allografts and melanoma cells differing in terms of expression/activity of A-SMase. Since autophagy is emerging as a key mechanism in tumour growth and chemo-resistance, we have also investigated whether an action of A-SMase in autophagy can explain its role. Melanoma sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin in terms of cell viability/apoptosis, tumour growth, and animal survival depended directly on the A-SMase levels in tumoural cells. A-SMase action was due to inhibition of autophagy through activation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Treatment of melanoma-bearing mice with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine restored sensitivity to cisplatin of tumours expressing low levels of A-SMase while no additive effects were observed in tumours characterised by sustained A-SMase levels. The fact that A-SMase in melanomas affects mTOR-regulated autophagy and plays a central role in cisplatin efficacy encourages pre-clinical testing on the modulation of A-SMase levels/activity as possible novel anti-neoplastic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Emma Assi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy.,Present address: Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, National Research Council-Institute of Neuroscience, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Bizzozero
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy.,Present address: Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino and Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Sarah Pambianco
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Renzo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Procacci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, National Research Council-Institute of Neuroscience, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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12
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Harrington KJ, Michielin O, Malvehy J, Pezzani Grüter I, Grove L, Frauchiger AL, Dummer R. A practical guide to the handling and administration of talimogene laherparepvec in Europe. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3867-3880. [PMID: 28814886 PMCID: PMC5546812 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s133699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Talimogene laherparepvec is a herpes simplex virus-1-based intralesional oncolytic immunotherapy and is the first oncolytic virus to be approved in Europe. It is indicated for the treatment of adults with unresectable melanoma that is regionally or distantly metastatic (stage IIIB, IIIC, and IVM1a) with no bone, brain, lung, or other visceral disease. Talimogene laherparepvec is a genetically modified viral therapy, and its handling needs special attention due to its deep freeze, cold-chain requirements, its potential for viral shedding, and its administration by direct intralesional injection. This review provides a practical overview of handling, storage, and administration procedures for this agent in Europe. Talimogene laherparepvec vials should be transported/stored frozen at a temperature of −90°C to −70°C, and once thawed, vials must not be refrozen. Universal precautions for preparation, administration, and handling should be followed to avoid accidental exposure. Health care providers should wear personal protective equipment, and materials that come into contact with talimogene laherparepvec should be disposed of in accordance with local institutional procedures. Individuals who are immunocompromised or pregnant should not prepare or administer this agent. Talimogene laherparepvec is administered by intralesional injection into cutaneous, subcutaneous, and/or nodal lesions that are visible, palpable, or detectable by ultrasound. Treatment should be continued for ≥6 months. As with other immunotherapies, patients may experience an increase in the size of existing lesion(s) or the appearance of new lesions (ie, progression) prior to achieving a response (“pseudo-progression”). As several health care professionals (eg, physicians [dermatologists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists], pharmacists, nurses) are involved in different stages of the process, there is a need for good interdisciplinary collaboration when using talimogene laherparepvec. Although there are specific requirements for this agent’s storage, handling, administration, and disposal, these can be effectively managed in a real-world clinical setting through the implementation of training programs and straightforward standard operating procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Harrington
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research/The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBER de enfermedades raras, Barcelona, Spain.,FIS del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lorna Grove
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anna Lisa Frauchiger
- Skin Cancer Centre/Dermatology Clinic, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Skin Cancer Centre/Dermatology Clinic, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Zhang RY, Yu ZH, Zeng L, Zhang S, Bai Y, Miao J, Chen L, Xie J, Zhang ZY. SHP2 phosphatase as a novel therapeutic target for melanoma treatment. Oncotarget 2016; 7:73817-73829. [PMID: 27650545 PMCID: PMC5342016 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma ranks among the most aggressive and deadly human cancers. Although a number of targeted therapies are available, they are effective only in a subset of patients and the emergence of drug resistance often reduces durable responses. Thus there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets and develop more potent pharmacological agents for melanoma treatment. Herein we report that SHP2 levels are frequently elevated in melanoma, and high SHP2 expression is significantly associated with more metastatic phenotype and poorer prognosis. We show that SHP2 promotes melanoma cell viability, motility, and anchorage-independent growth, through activation of both ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways. We demonstrate that SHP2 inhibitor 11a-1 effectively blocks SHP2-mediated ERK1/2 and AKT activation and attenuates melanoma cell viability, migration and colony formation. Most importantly, SHP2 inhibitor 11a-1 suppresses xenografted melanoma tumor growth, as a result of reduced tumor cell proliferation and enhanced tumor cell apoptosis. Taken together, our data reveal SHP2 as a novel target for melanoma and suggest SHP2 inhibitors as potential novel therapeutic agents for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhi-Hong Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lifan Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jinmin Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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14
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Harrington KJ, Puzanov I, Hecht JR, Hodi FS, Szabo Z, Murugappan S, Kaufman HL. Clinical development of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC): a modified herpes simplex virus type-1-derived oncolytic immunotherapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 15:1389-403. [PMID: 26558498 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1115725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy is emerging as a promising new treatment option for patients with cancer. T-VEC is an intralesional oncolytic virus therapy based on a modified herpes simplex virus type-1. T-VEC selectively targets tumor cells, causing regression in injected lesions and inducing immunologic responses that mediate regression at uninjected/distant sites. In a randomized phase III trial, T-VEC met its primary endpoint of improving the durable response rate vs granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with unresectable melanoma. Responses were observed in injected and uninjected regional and visceral lesions. Exploratory analyses suggested survival differences in favor of T-VEC in patients with untreated or stage IIIB/IIIC/IVM1a disease. T-VEC was generally well tolerated, the most common adverse events being flu-like symptoms. Here, we overview recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on the clinical development of T-VEC, from first-in-human studies and studies in other cancer types, to ongoing combination trials with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Puzanov
- a Division of Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - J Randolph Hecht
- b David Geffen School of Medicine , UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- c Melanoma Center and the Center for Immuno-Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Zsolt Szabo
- d Department of Oncology , Amgen (Europe) GmbH , Zug , Switzerland
| | - Swami Murugappan
- e Department of Oncology , Amgen Inc ., Thousand Oaks , CA , USA
| | - Howard L Kaufman
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey , New Brunswick , NJ , USA
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15
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Chen R, Cohen AL, Colman H. Targeted Therapeutics in Patients With High-Grade Gliomas: Past, Present, and Future. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2016; 17:42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11864-016-0418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Kroon HM, Coventry BJ, Giles MH, Henderson MA, Speakman D, Wall M, Barbour A, Serpell J, Paddle P, Coventry AGJ, Sullivan T, Smithers BM, Thompson JF. Australian Multicenter Study of Isolated Limb Infusion for Melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 23:1096-103. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Bianchi-Smiraglia A, Wawrzyniak JA, Bagati A, Marvin EK, Ackroyd J, Moparthy S, Bshara W, Fink EE, Foley CE, Morozevich GE, Berman AE, Shewach DS, Nikiforov MA. Pharmacological targeting of guanosine monophosphate synthase suppresses melanoma cell invasion and tumorigenicity. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1858-64. [PMID: 25909885 PMCID: PMC4648332 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma possesses one of the highest metastatic potentials among human cancers. Acquisition of invasive phenotypes is a prerequisite for melanoma metastases. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying melanoma invasion will greatly enhance the design of novel agents for melanoma therapeutic intervention. Here, we report that guanosine monophosphate synthase (GMPS), an enzyme required for the de novo biosynthesis of GMP, has a major role in invasion and tumorigenicity of cells derived from either BRAF(V600E) or NRAS(Q61R) human metastatic melanomas. Moreover, GMPS levels are increased in metastatic human melanoma specimens compared with primary melanomas arguing that GMPS is an attractive candidate for anti-melanoma therapy. Accordingly, for the first time we demonstrate that angustmycin A, a nucleoside-analog inhibitor of GMPS produced by Streptomyces hygroscopius efficiently suppresses melanoma cell invasion in vitro and tumorigenicity in immunocompromised mice. Our data identify GMPS as a powerful driver of melanoma cell invasion and warrant further investigation of angustmycin A as a novel anti-melanoma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bianchi-Smiraglia
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - J A Wawrzyniak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - A Bagati
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - E K Marvin
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - J Ackroyd
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - S Moparthy
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - W Bshara
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - E E Fink
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - C E Foley
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - G E Morozevich
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - A E Berman
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - D S Shewach
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - M A Nikiforov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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18
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Koch A, Lang SA, Wild PJ, Gantner S, Mahli A, Spanier G, Berneburg M, Müller M, Bosserhoff AK, Hellerbrand C. Glucose transporter isoform 1 expression enhances metastasis of malignant melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:32748-60. [PMID: 26293674 PMCID: PMC4741727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucose transporter isoform 1 (GLUT1; SLC2A1) is a key rate-limiting factor in the transport of glucose into cancer cells. Enhanced GLUT1 expression and accelerated glycolysis have been found to promote aggressive growth in a range of tumor entities. However, it was unknown whether GLUT1 directly impacts metastasis. Here, we aimed at analyzing the expression and function of GLUT1 in malignant melanoma. Immunohistochemical analysis of 78 primary human melanomas on a tissue micro array showed that GLUT1 expression significantly correlated with the mitotic activity and a poor survival. To determine the functional role of GLUT1 in melanoma, we stably suppressed GLUT1 in the murine melanoma cell line B16 with shRNA. GLUT1 suppressed melanoma cells revealed significantly reduced proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migratory activity and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression. In a syngeneic murine model of hepatic metastasis, GLUT1-suppressed cells formed significantly less metastases and showed increased apoptosis compared to metastases formed by control cells. Treatment of four different human melanoma cell lines with a pharmacological GLUT1 inhibitor caused a dose-dependent reduction of proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migratory activity and MMP2 expression. Analysis of MAPK signal pathways showed that GLUT1 inhibition significantly decreased JNK activation, which regulates a wide range of targets in the metastatic cascade. In summary, our study provides functional evidence that enhanced GLUT1 expression in melanoma cells favors their metastatic behavior. These findings specify GLUT1 as an attractive therapeutic target and prognostic marker for this highly aggressive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sven Arke Lang
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Gantner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Abdo Mahli
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
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19
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Dietel M, Jöhrens K, Laffert MV, Hummel M, Bläker H, Pfitzner BM, Lehmann A, Denkert C, Darb-Esfahani S, Lenze D, Heppner FL, Koch A, Sers C, Klauschen F, Anagnostopoulos I. A 2015 update on predictive molecular pathology and its role in targeted cancer therapy: a review focussing on clinical relevance. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:417-30. [PMID: 26358176 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In April 2013 our group published a review on predictive molecular pathology in this journal. Although only 2 years have passed many new facts and stimulating developments have happened in diagnostic molecular pathology rendering it worthwhile to present an up-date on this topic. A major technical improvement is certainly given by the introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS; amplicon, whole exome, whole genome) and its application to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue in routine diagnostics. Based on this 'revolution' the analyses of numerous genetic alterations in parallel has become a routine approach opening the chance to characterize patients' malignant tumors much more deeply without increasing turn-around time and costs. In the near future this will open new strategies to apply 'off-label' targeted therapies, e.g. for rare tumors, otherwise resistant tumors etc. The clinically relevant genetic aberrations described in this review include mutation analyses of RAS (KRAS and NRAS), BRAF and PI3K in colorectal cancer, KIT or PDGFR alpha as well as BRAF, NRAS and KIT in malignant melanoma. Moreover, we present several recent advances in the molecular characterization of malignant lymphoma. Beside the well-known mutations in NSCLC (EGFR, ALK) a number of chromosomal aberrations (KRAS, ROS1, MET) have become relevant. Only very recently has the clinical need for analysis of BRCA1/2 come up and proven as a true challenge for routine diagnostics because of the genes' special structure and hot-spot-free mutational distribution. The genetic alterations are discussed in connection with their increasingly important role in companion diagnostics to apply targeted drugs as efficient as possible. As another aspect of the increasing number of druggable mutations, we discuss the challenges personalized therapies pose for the design of clinical studies to prove optimal efficacy particularly with respect to combination therapies of multiple targeted drugs and conventional chemotherapy. Such combinations would lead to an extremely high complexity that would hardly be manageable by applying conventional study designs for approval, e.g. by the FDA or EMA. Up-coming challenges such as the application of methylation assays and proteomic analyses on FFPE tissue will also be discussed briefly to open the door towards the ultimate goal of reading a patients' tissue as 'deeply' as possible. Although it is yet to be shown, which levels of biological information are most informative for predictive pathology, an integrated molecular characterization of tumors will likely offer the most comprehensive view for individualized therapy approaches. To optimize cancer treatment we need to understand tumor biology in much more detail on morphological, genetic, proteomic as well as epigenetic grounds. Finally, the complex challenges on the level of drug design, molecular diagnostics, and clinical trials make necessary a close collaboration among academic institutions, regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dietel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M V Laffert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Bläker
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B M Pfitzner
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Darb-Esfahani
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Lenze
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F L Heppner
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Koch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Sers
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - I Anagnostopoulos
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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van Dijk EHC, van Herpen CML, Marinkovic M, Haanen JBAG, Amundson D, Luyten GPM, Jager MJ, Kapiteijn EHW, Keunen JEE, Adamus G, Boon CJF. Serous Retinopathy Associated with Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Inhibition (Binimetinib) for Metastatic Cutaneous and Uveal Melanoma. Ophthalmology 2015; 122:1907-16. [PMID: 26123090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the clinical characteristics of a serous retinopathy associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibition with binimetinib treatment for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM), and to determine possible pathogenetic mechanisms that may lead to this retinopathy. DESIGN Prospective observational, cohort-based, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Thirty CM patients and 5 UM patients treated with the MEK inhibitor binimetinib (CM) or a combination of binimetinib and the protein kinase C inhibitor sotrastaurin (UM). METHODS Extensive ophthalmic examination was performed, including Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study best-corrected visual acuity, applanation tonometry, slit-lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, digital color fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). In selected cases, additional examinations were performed, including visual field testing and electro-oculography (EOG). Blood samples were obtained from 3 CM patients and 3 UM patients to analyze the presence of autoantibodies against retinal and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) proteins. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Visual symptoms, visual acuity, fundus appearance, characteristics on OCT, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and EOG. RESULTS Six CM patients (20%) and 2 UM patients (40%) reported visual symptoms during the study. The median time to the onset of symptoms, which were all mild and transient, was 3.5 days (range, <1 hour to 3 weeks). On OCT, subretinal fluid (SRF) was detected in 77% of CM patients and 60% of UM patients. In the 26 patients with SRF, the fovea was affected in 85%. After the start of the medication, an EOG was performed in 19 eyes of 11 patients; 16 of these eyes (84%) developed SRF on OCT. Fifteen of these eyes (94%) showed an abnormal Arden ratio (<1.65). A broad pattern of anti-retinal antibodies was found in 3 CM patients and 2 UM patients tested, whereas anti-RPE antibodies were detected in all 6 tested patients. CONCLUSIONS A time-dependent and reversible serous retinopathy can develop both in patients with metastatic CM and UM treated with binimetinib. A minority of patients develop visual symptoms, which are generally mild and transient. A cause of binimetinib-associated serous retinopathy may be toxicity of medication, but autoantibodies also may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elon H C van Dijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carla M L van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Marinkovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John B A G Haanen
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Drake Amundson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Gré P M Luyten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H W Kapiteijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan E E Keunen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Grazyna Adamus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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21
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Mukherjee N, Schwan JV, Fujita M, Norris DA, Shellman YG. Alternative Treatments For Melanoma: Targeting BCL-2 Family Members to De-Bulk and Kill Cancer Stem Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2155-2161. [PMID: 25947358 PMCID: PMC4537369 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For the first time new treatments in melanoma have produced significant responses in advanced diseases, but 30-90% of melanoma patients do not respond or eventually relapse after the initial response to the current treatments. The resistance of these melanomas is likely due to tumor heterogeneity, which may be explained by models such as the stochastic, hierarchical, and phenotype-switching models. This review will discuss the recent advancements in targeting BCL-2 family members for cancer treatments, and how this approach can be applied as an alternative option to combat melanoma, and overcome melanoma relapse or resistance in current treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Mukherjee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Josianna V Schwan
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dermatology Section, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dermatology Section, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Yiqun G Shellman
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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22
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Avram AM, Simionescu OD, Costache M, Grigore M. Improving Melanoma Path Reports: the Importance of Histopathological Parameters in Diagnosis of Cutaneous Melanoma. MAEDICA 2015; 10:226-230. [PMID: 28261358 PMCID: PMC5327839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the fact that melanoma is an easy approachable tumor for diagnosis, the incidence of this skin cancer is still increasing. Histopathological assessment of melanocytic tumors is the gold standard in melanoma diagnosis and represents a problematic aspect of dermatology and pathology. Over the past decades many efforts have been made in determining histological characteristics influencing the prognosis and survival of patients with clinically localized primary melanoma. Some of these parameters also proved to be essential for tumor staging and choosing adequate clinical management. OBJECTIVE We present a retrospective study of 21 melanoma cases with histopathological errors or incomplete path reports, with the intention to raise awareness about the importance of an accurate diagnosis for the management of these cases and for patient prognosis. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data from pathology reports and discharge medical records from 21 patients diagnosed with melanoma between 2006 and 2014 and treated in other hospitals that presented in our clinic for second opinion. All slides were reviewed by an authorized dermatopathologist and the new path report was compared with the other ones, presented by the patients. RESULTS The majority of the path reports were incomplete, with absent (35.7%) or wrong (35.7%) tumor thickness, making impossible to stage the tumor. Absence of histopathological diagnosis was noticed in 3 cases and a wrong diagnosis was determined in 3 patients. Other missing parameters were ulceration status, mitotic rate, microsatellitosis and surgical margins evaluation. missing or incorrect determined in half of the cases. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the fact that there is a lack of relevant information in the path reports of melanoma cases, making impossible to stage and treat this patients, with adverse clinical impact. We want to emphasize the importance of a standardized histopathological evaluation of melanocytic tumors, consistent with the generally accepted standards, leading to improved healthcare quality and reduced medico legal risks associated with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Dana Simionescu
- Department of Dermatology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Costache
- Department of Pathology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Grigore
- Department of Dermatology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Gu R, He Y, Han S, Yuan S, An Y, Meng Z, Zhu X, Gan H, Wu Z, Li J, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Gao L, Dou G. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tuftsin-derived T peptide, a promising antitumor agent, in beagles. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 31:51-56. [PMID: 26775850 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Tuftsin, a natural phagocytosis-stimulating tetrapeptide, had aroused much interest in tumor immunotherapy, but the poor pharmacokinetics hampered its clinical developments, for that it was extremely susceptible to degradation by enzymolysis in vivo. T Peptide (TP) was a newly designed tuftsin derivative aimed to enhance stability and was proved to have significant antitumor activity. In this study, the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of TP was first clarified in beagles with subcutaneous administration, by using a simple and robust competitive ELISA method. Dose-dependency and non-linear dynamics of TP after single-dose (2, 6 and 18 mg kg(-1), respectively) were found, and the half-time of TP was proved to reach 1.3-2.8 h. Multiple dosing of 6 mg kg(-1) once a day for 7 days resulted in a slight accumulation (accumulation index was 1.92 ± 0.43), indicating that the dosing interval in the following clinical trial needs to be extended. The absolute bioavailability of TP was 31.1 ± 6.2% after subcutaneous administration. These results first demonstrated the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability data of TP in vivo, which illustrated the potential druggability of TP and provided useful information for the dosage regimen design in the following clinical trials, as well as a simple and feasible analytical method for clinical sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yanlin He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Su Han
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 94, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Shoujun Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yinghong An
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Center for Clinical Laboratory, Airforce General Hospital of Chinese PLA, 30, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Hui Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Zhuona Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Guifang Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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24
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Cardiac Metastases of Malignant Melanoma. RAZAVI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.5812/rijm.3(2)2015.28077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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25
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Abstract
Cancer is a disease of the genome with diverse aetiologies including the accumulation of acquired mutations throughout the genome. There has been a flood of knowledge improving our understanding of the biology and molecular genetics of melanoma, lung and colorectal cancer since the genomics era started. Translation of this knowledge into a better understanding of cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis has produced a paradigm shift in medical oncology enabling gene-based cancer treatment (called personalised or precision medicine). Somatic mutation analysis is crucial for a genomics approach since it can identify driver mutations-the "Achilles' heel" of cancer, and support clinical decision-making through targeted therapy. Nevertheless, the applications of somatic DNA testing in cancer face many challenges such as obtaining comprehensive coverage of the cancer genome with limited DNA being available, and delivering an accurate report in a timely fashion without false-negative and false-positive results. Further advances in DNA technologies and bioinformatics will overcome these issues and maximise opportunities for targeted therapy. Somatic mutation analysis will then become an integral part of cancer management for all malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yu
- 1 Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia ; 2 Sydney Medical School (Central), the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia ; 3 Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Sandra A O'Toole
- 1 Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia ; 2 Sydney Medical School (Central), the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia ; 3 Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ronald J Trent
- 1 Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia ; 2 Sydney Medical School (Central), the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia ; 3 Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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26
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Monsma DJ, Cherba DM, Eugster EE, Dylewski DL, Davidson PT, Peterson CA, Borgman AS, Winn ME, Dykema KJ, Webb CP, MacKeigan JP, Duesbery NS, Nickoloff BJ, Monks NR. Melanoma patient derived xenografts acquire distinct Vemurafenib resistance mechanisms. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:1507-1518. [PMID: 26101714 PMCID: PMC4473327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Variable clinical responses, tumor heterogeneity, and drug resistance reduce long-term survival outcomes for metastatic melanoma patients. To guide and accelerate drug development, we characterized tumor responses for five melanoma patient derived xenograft models treated with Vemurafenib. Three BRAF(V600E) models showed acquired drug resistance, one BRAF(V600E) model had a complete and durable response, and a BRAF(V600V) model was expectedly unresponsive. In progressing tumors, a variety of resistance mechanisms to BRAF inhibition were uncovered, including mutant BRAF alternative splicing, NRAS mutation, COT (MAP3K8) overexpression, and increased mutant BRAF gene amplification and copy number. The resistance mechanisms among the patient derived xenograft models were similar to the resistance pathways identified in clinical specimens from patients progressing on BRAF inhibitor therapy. In addition, there was both inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity in resistance mechanisms, accompanied by heterogeneous pERK expression immunostaining profiles. MEK monotherapy of Vemurafenib-resistant tumors caused toxicity and acquired drug resistance. However, tumors were eradicated when Vemurafenib was combined the MEK inhibitor. The diversity of drug responses among the xenograft models; the distinct mechanisms of resistance; and the ability to overcome resistance by the addition of a MEK inhibitor provide a scheduling rationale for clinical trials of next-generation drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Monsma
- Vivarium and Transgenics Core, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - David M Cherba
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily E Eugster
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Dawna L Dylewski
- Center for Translational Medicine, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Paula T Davidson
- Center for Translational Medicine, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Chelsea A Peterson
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State UniversityGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew S Borgman
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary E Winn
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Karl J Dykema
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey P MacKeigan
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas S Duesbery
- Laboratory of Cancer and Developmental Cell Biology, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian J Nickoloff
- Center for Translational Medicine, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State UniversityGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Noel R Monks
- Center for Translational Medicine, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
- Current address: Medimmune, One MedImmune WayGaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
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27
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Li JZ, Ke Y, Misra HP, Trush MA, Li YR, Zhu H, Jia Z. Mechanistic studies of cancer cell mitochondria- and NQO1-mediated redox activation of beta-lapachone, a potentially novel anticancer agent. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 281:285-93. [PMID: 25448047 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Beta-lapachone (beta-Lp) derived from the Lapacho tree is a potentially novel anticancer agent currently under clinical trials. Previous studies suggested that redox activation of beta-Lp catalyzed by NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) accounted for its killing of cancer cells. However, the exact mechanisms of this effect remain largely unknown. Using chemiluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping techniques, this study for the first time demonstrated the real-time formation of ROS in the redox activation of beta-lapachone from cancer cells mediated by mitochondria and NQO1 in melanoma B16-F10 and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cancer cells. ES936, a highly selective NQO1 inhibitor, and rotenone, a selective inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport chain (METC) complex I were found to significantly block beta-Lp meditated redox activation in B16-F10 cells. In HepG2 cells ES936 inhibited beta-Lp-mediated oxygen radical formation by ~80% while rotenone exerted no significant effect. These results revealed the differential contribution of METC and NQO1 to beta-lapachone-induced ROS formation and cancer cell killing. In melanoma B16-F10 cells that do not express high NQO1 activity, both NOQ1 and METC play a critical role in beta-Lp redox activation. In contrast, in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells expressing extremely high NQO1 activity, redox activation of beta-Lp is primarily mediated by NQO1 (METC plays a minor role). These findings will contribute to our understanding of how cancer cells are selectively killed by beta-lapachone and increase our ability to devise strategies to enhance the anticancer efficacy of this potentially novel drug while minimizing its possible adverse effects on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | - Michael A Trush
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y Robert Li
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC, USA; Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University SBES, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC, USA.
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA.
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