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Soleimanifar N, Assadiasl S, Kalateh E, Hassanvand MS, Sadr M, Mojtahedi H, Nadafi K, Nicknam MH, Edalatifard M. Circulating Exosomes and Ambient Air Pollution Exposure in COPD. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2023; 10:412-421. [PMID: 37676651 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2023.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive obstruction of airways due to chronic inflammation. Both genetic and environmental components are risk factors for COPD. The most common cause of COPD is smoking. However, evidence suggests that 17% to 38% of COPD patients are nonsmokers, so other factors like air pollution may also play a role. Objective The relationship between serum exosomes and exposure to particulate matter (PM) <2.5 and 10 micrometers (µm) in the residing environment of COPD patients and healthy groups was investigated. The correlation between inflammatory cytokine levels with exosome count was also studied. Methods Peripheral blood samples were taken from 20 COPD patients without a smoking history or a family history of COPD, along with 20 nonsmoker healthy controls. The serum exosomes were counted by flow cytometry using a CD81 marker. The exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was measured in daily, weekly, and monthly intervals based on the longitudinal measurements of the monitoring stations, and the correlation between exosome count and air pollutants was analyzed. Results The serum CD81+ exosome count in COPD patients was significantly elevated compared to the healthy controls and this was correlated with daily PM10 (P-value=0.02) and monthly PM2.5 (P-value=0.02) exposure. Although interferon-gamma levels of COPD patients were higher than healthy controls, there was no correlation between exosome count and cytokine level. Conclusions Considering the significant relationship between air pollutants and the count of serum exosomes demonstrated in the present study, air pollution might be a considerable risk factor in the progression of airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Soleimanifar
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Assadiasl
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Effat Kalateh
- Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Sadr
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mojtahedi
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Nadafi
- Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Maryam Edalatifard
- Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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Wu S, Benny M, Duara J, Williams K, Tan A, Schmidt A, Young KC. Extracellular vesicles: pathogenic messengers and potential therapy for neonatal lung diseases. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1205882. [PMID: 37397144 PMCID: PMC10311919 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1205882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of nano-sized membranous structures increasingly recognized as mediators of intercellular and inter-organ communication. EVs contain a cargo of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, and their cargo composition is highly dependent on the biological function of the parental cells. Their cargo is protected from the extracellular environment by the phospholipid membrane, thus allowing for safe transport and delivery of their intact cargo to nearby or distant target cells, resulting in modification of the target cell's gene expression, signaling pathways and overall function. The highly selective, sophisticated network through which EVs facilitate cell signaling and modulate cellular processes make studying EVs a major focus of interest in understanding various biological functions and mechanisms of disease. Tracheal aspirate EV-miRNA profiling has been suggested as a potential biomarker for respiratory outcome in preterm infants and there is strong preclinical evidence showing that EVs released from stem cells protect the developing lung from the deleterious effects of hyperoxia and infection. This article will review the role of EVs as pathogenic messengers, biomarkers, and potential therapies for neonatal lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Merline Benny
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joanne Duara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kevin Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - April Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Augusto Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Karen C. Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Edalatifard M, Mortaz E, Ghorbani F, Rahimi B, Marashian SM, Dinparastisaleh R, Yassari F, Eslaminejad A. Inflammatory Serum Biomarker Pattern in Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis Phenotypes of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. TANAFFOS 2023; 22:317-324. [PMID: 38638383 PMCID: PMC11022199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Background COPD exacerbation is characterized by both airway and systemic inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum levels of some inflammatory biomarkers and the phenotypes of COPD exacerbation. Materials and Methods This study includes known COPD patients, presenting to a hospital with acute exacerbation of COPD. Serum levels of CRP, ESR, CBC, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6 were measured at the time of admission. According to the previously done HRCT, the patients were divided into two groups including emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Levels of serum biomarkers were compared in the two groups. The relationships between biomarkers and duration of hospitalization were assessed too. Results Comparison of quantitative CRP levels, WBC, and platelet counts did not show a statistically significant difference between emphysema and chronic bronchitis but it was significantly higher than control subjects. Although not statistically significant, ESR level was higher in emphysema. TNF-alpha was 6.0±1.5 ng / ml and 1.5 ng / ml in the emphysema and chronic bronchitis groups, respectively. TNF-α had no significant difference compared to the groups. Although higher than the control group, IL-6 and IL-8 did not show significant differences between emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The two groups did not statistically differ in terms of hospital stay but patients with higher serum TNF-α tended to have longer hospitalization and ICU admission. Conclusion The present study showed predictably higher inflammatory biomarkers in COPD exacerbation but no significant difference between the two phenotypes of COPD and these two entities could not be discriminated based on inflammatory bio-factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Edalatifard
- Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ghorbani
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Besharat Rahimi
- Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehran Marashian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshan Dinparastisaleh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Fatemeh Yassari
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Eslaminejad
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Guo J, Huang X, Dou L, Yan M, Shen T, Tang W, Li J. Aging and aging-related diseases: from molecular mechanisms to interventions and treatments. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:391. [PMID: 36522308 PMCID: PMC9755275 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a gradual and irreversible pathophysiological process. It presents with declines in tissue and cell functions and significant increases in the risks of various aging-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, and immune system diseases. Although the development of modern medicine has promoted human health and greatly extended life expectancy, with the aging of society, a variety of chronic diseases have gradually become the most important causes of disability and death in elderly individuals. Current research on aging focuses on elucidating how various endogenous and exogenous stresses (such as genomic instability, telomere dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, compromise of autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, deregulated nutrient sensing) participate in the regulation of aging. Furthermore, thorough research on the pathogenesis of aging to identify interventions that promote health and longevity (such as caloric restriction, microbiota transplantation, and nutritional intervention) and clinical treatment methods for aging-related diseases (depletion of senescent cells, stem cell therapy, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory treatments, and hormone replacement therapy) could decrease the incidence and development of aging-related diseases and in turn promote healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Lin Dou
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Mingjing Yan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Tao Shen
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Weiqing Tang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jian Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730 China
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Blann AD, Brown JE, Heitmar R. Angiogenesis, Metabolism, Endothelial and Platelet Markers in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Br J Biomed Sci 2022; 79:10313. [PMID: 35996503 PMCID: PMC9302542 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2022.10313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the pathophysiology of both being linked to metabolic, endothelial, renal, angiogenic and platelet abnormalities. We hypothesised that abnormalities in these systems are more adverse in those whose CVD is compounded by diabetes, compared to those with diabetes or CVD alone. Materials and methods: Serum or plasma from 66 patients with diabetes alone, 76 with CVD alone, and 70 with both diabetes and CVD i.e. diabetic cardiovascular disease, was probed for markers of angiogenesis [angiopoietin 1 and 2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endoglin], metabolic [soluble receptor for advanced glycation products (sRAGE), leptin, lipocalin-2, interleukin-8, and cystatin-C], the endothelium (von Willebrand factor, endothelial microparticles and soluble E selectin)], and the platelet (platelet microparticles and soluble P selectin) by ELISA, Luminex or flow cytometry. Results: VEGF (p = 0.04), von Willebrand factor (p = 0.001) and endothelial microparticles (p = 0.042) were all higher in diabetic cardiovascular disease than in diabetes alone and cardiovascular disease alone. Soluble E selectin was higher in diabetic cardiovascular disease than in diabetes alone (p = 0.045), whilst cystatin-C (p = 0.004) and soluble P selectin (p < 0.001) were higher in diabetes and diabetic cardiovascular disease than in cardiovascular disease alone. There were no differences in angiopoietin 1 or 2, endoglin, sRAGE, leptin, lipocalin-2, or interleukin-8. Conclusion: Angiopoietin 1 or 2, endoglin, sRAGE, leptin, lipocalin-2, interleukin-8, and cystatin-c cannot differentiate diabetes from cardiovascular disease, or both conditions combined. Our data point to a more adverse endothelial (von Willebrand factor, endothelial microparticles), and angiogenic profile (VEGF) in those with diabetic cardiovascular disease, supporting the view that this group should be targeted more aggressively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Blann
- School of Applied Sciences, Huddersfield University, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: A. D. Blann,
| | - J. E. Brown
- Department of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R. Heitmar
- School of Applied Sciences, Huddersfield University, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Are Associated with Disease Severity and Interleukin-6 Levels in COPD: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215014. [PMID: 34768536 PMCID: PMC8584816 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex condition in which systemic inflammation plays a role in extrapulmonary manifestations, including cardiovascular diseases: interleukin (IL)-6 has a role in both COPD and atherogenesis. The 2011 GOLD document classified patients according to FEV1, symptoms, and exacerbations history, creating four groups, from A (less symptoms/low risk) to D (more symptoms/high risk). Extracellular vesicles (EV) represent potential markers in COPD: nevertheless, no studies have explored their value in association to both disease severity and inflammation. We conducted a pilot study to analyze circulating endothelial-(E) and monocyte-derived (M) EV levels in 35 COPD patients, who were grouped according to the 2011 GOLD document; the relationship between EV and plasmatic markers of inflammation was analyzed. We found a statistically significant trend for increasing EEV, MEV, IL-6, from group A to D, and a significant correlation between EEV and IL-6. The associations between both EEV and MEV and disease severity, and between EEV and IL-6, suggest a significant interplay between pulmonary disease and inflammation, with non-respiratory cells (endothelial cells and monocytes) involvement, along with the progression of the disease. Thus, EV might help identify a high-risk population for extrapulmonary events, especially in the most severe patients.
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7
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Takahashi T, Schleimer RP. Epithelial-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiology of Epithelial Injury and Repair in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Connecting Immunology in Research Lab to Biomarkers in Clinics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11709. [PMID: 34769139 PMCID: PMC8583779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barrier disruption and failure of epithelial repair by aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced basal cells observed in nasal mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are speculated to play important roles in disease pathophysiology. Microparticles (MPs) are a type of extracellular vesicle (EV) released by budding or shedding from the plasma membrane of activated or apoptotic cells. MPs are detected in nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) and are now receiving attention as potential biomarkers to evaluate the degree of activation of immune cells and injury of structural cells in nasal mucosa of subjects with sinus disease. There are three types of epithelial-cell-derived MPs, which are defined by the expression of different epithelial specific markers on their surface: EpCAM, E-cadherin, and integrin β6 (ITGB6). When these markers are on MPs that are also carrying canonical EMT/mesenchymal markers (Snail (SNAI1); Slug (SNAI2); alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA, ACTA2)) or pro- and anti-coagulant molecules (tissue factor (TF); tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)), they provide insight as to the roles of epithelial activation for EMT or regulation of coagulation in the underlying disease. In this review, we discuss the potential of epithelial MPs as research tools to evaluate status of nasal mucosae of CRS patients in the lab, as well as biomarkers for management and treatment of CRS in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takahashi
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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8
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Yuan F, Li YM, Wang Z. Preserving extracellular vesicles for biomedical applications: consideration of storage stability before and after isolation. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1501-1509. [PMID: 34259095 PMCID: PMC8281093 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1951896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles released by various cell types. EVs are known for cell-to-cell communications and have potent biological activities. Despite great progress in recent years for studies exploring the potentials of EVs for early disease detection, therapeutic application and drug delivery, determination of the favorable storage conditions of EVs has been challenging. The understanding of the impact of storage conditions on EVs before and after isolation is still limited. Storage may change the size, number, contents, functions, and behaviors of EVs. Here, we summarized current studies about the stability of EVs in different conditions, focusing on temperatures, durations, and freezing and thawing cycles. -80 °C seems to remain the most favorable condition for storage of biofluids and isolated EVs, while isolated EVs may be stored at 4 °C shortly. Lyophilization is promising for storage of EV products. Challenges remain in the understanding of storage-mediated change in EVs and in the development of advanced preservation techniques of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Yuan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Grade 2018, Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Min Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuhui Wang
- Hunan Testing Institute for Medical Devices, Changsha, China
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9
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Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Chen H, Zhou X. Fine particulate matter exposure promotes M2 macrophage polarization through inhibiting histone deacetylase 2 in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1303. [PMID: 33209883 PMCID: PMC7661902 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been indicated to be a major detrimental risk factor for COPD by numerous epidemiological studies. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), a critical regulator of chromatin remodeling, plays a pivotal role in the development of COPD. However, the underlying mechanisms regarding the relationship between PM2.5 and HDAC2 in the pathogenesis of COPD have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we aim to investigate the role and the underlying mechanism of HDAC2 in the development of PM2.5-induced COPD. Methods The effects of PM2.5 exposure on M2 macrophage polarization and the expression levels of HDAC2 were examined in vitro. The influence of HDAC2 deficiency on M2 macrophage polarization and the pathogenesis of COPD was investigated in a PM2.5-induced mouse model. Results PM2.5 exposure down-regulated the protein level of HDAC2 and enhanced M2 macrophage polarization in vitro. In the COPD murine model, myeloid-specific deficiency of HDAC2 augmented PM2.5-induced M2 polarization of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TGF)-β, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9, and MMP-12 in lung tissue, which resulted in more prominent lung function deterioration, airspace enlargement, alveolar wall destruction, and airway remodeling, indicating a key role of HDAC2 in the pathogenesis of PM2.5-induced COPD. Conclusions PM2.5 facilitated M2 polarization by inhibiting HDAC2, leading to the development of COPD. Targeting of HDAC2 would provide a novel approach to prevent the development of PM2.5 exposure-induced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingliang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Mohan A, Agarwal S, Clauss M, Britt NS, Dhillon NK. Extracellular vesicles: novel communicators in lung diseases. Respir Res 2020; 21:175. [PMID: 32641036 PMCID: PMC7341477 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is the organ with the highest vascular density in the human body. It is therefore perceivable that the endothelium of the lung contributes significantly to the circulation of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. In addition to the endothelium, EVs may arise from alveolar macrophages, fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Because EVs harbor cargo molecules, such as miRNA, mRNA, and proteins, these intercellular communicators provide important insight into the health and disease condition of donor cells and may serve as useful biomarkers of lung disease processes. This comprehensive review focuses on what is currently known about the role of EVs as markers and mediators of lung pathologies including COPD, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, lung cancer and ALI/ARDS. We also explore the role EVs can potentially serve as therapeutics for these lung diseases when released from healthy progenitor cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Mohan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Matthias Clauss
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nicholas S Britt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Navneet K Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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11
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Holtzman J, Lee H. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in the respiratory system. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:887-895. [PMID: 32541816 PMCID: PMC7338515 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) present numerous biomedical ways of studying disease and pathology. They function as protective packaging for the delivery of controlled concentrations of miRNAs and effector molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, genetic material, and small signaling molecules. Previous studies of EVs have yielded valuable insights into pathways of intercellular communication that affect a variety of biological processes and disease responses. The roles of EVs, specifically microRNA-containing EVs (EV-miRNAs), in either mitigating or exacerbating pulmonary disease symptoms are numerous and show promise in helping us understand pulmonary disease pathology. Because of their well-documented involvement in pulmonary diseases, EVs show promise both as possible diagnostic biomarkers and as therapeutic agents. This review surveys the physiological functions of EVs in the respiratory system and outlines the pulmonary disease states in which EVs are involved in intercellular crosstalk. This review also discusses the potential clinical applications of EV-miRNAs in pulmonary diseases. Studies of tiny membrane-bound sacs called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which bud from cells naturally but are also implicated in disease, offer insights into respiratory health and disease, and could be used to deliver therapies into respiratory system cells. Joshua Holtzman at Oberlin College, Ohio, USA, and Heedoo Lee at Changwon National University in South Korea review current understanding of the role of EVs in the respiratory system and their potential uses in treatment. Researchers are discovering how EVs deliver signaling molecules to promote respiratory health, and how they can be involved in cancer, autoimmunity, asthma and other diseases. Early trials using EVs to deliver conventional drugs, and small RNA molecules that can control gene activity suggest great potential for treating a range of serious respiratory conditions. Analysis of EVs may also assist in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea.
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12
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Pollution, Particles, and Dementia: A Hypothetical Causative Pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030862. [PMID: 32019078 PMCID: PMC7038194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies of air pollution have shown associations between exposure to particles and dementia. The mechanism of this is unclear. As these seem unlikely in terms of the very small dose likely to reach the brain in usual Western urban circumstances, we extend our 1995 hypothetical explanation of the association of air pollution with cardiac deaths as a plausible alternative explanation of its associations with dementia. Since our original proposal, it has become apparent that inflammation may be carried by blood from organ to organ by biologic microparticles derived from cell membranes. These transmit inflammatory messages to endothelial cells throughout the body as part of a general defensive response to assumed bacterial infection; particulate air pollution has recently been shown to be associated with their release into the blood. We propose that episodic release of biologic microparticles from pollution-induced lung inflammation causes secondary inflammation in the blood-brain barrier and cerebral microbleeds, culminating over time in cognitive impairment. Ultimately, by incomplete repair and accumulation of amyloid, this increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Importantly, this mechanism may also explain the relationships of other inflammatory conditions and environmental factors with cognitive decline, and point to new opportunities to understand and prevent dementia.
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13
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Li S, Wang M, Dai D, Jing H, Liu L. Upregulation of E-cadherin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid-derived exosomes in patients with lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2019; 11:41-47. [PMID: 31696667 PMCID: PMC6938754 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer features extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), obtained by bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar perfusion, can provide information on the cellular components of the lung microenvironment to assist with diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Methods BALF was performed using a flexible bronchofiberscope. Exosomes were collected by ultracentrifugation. ELISA detected the amount of E‐cadherin. Transmission electron microscopic, ELISA and WB were conducted to identify the existence of the exosomes. Transwell and Wound healing assays were used to detect the ability of migration and invasion. Results We identified the existence of exosomes in BALF. Furthermore, we observed larger amounts of E‐cadherin in the BALF obtained from patients with lung cancer than in the control obtained from the healthy side of pneumonia. Exosomes from lung cancer groups promoted the migration and invasion of A549 cancer cells. Conclusion The exosomes from lung cancer BALF promoted the migration and invasion of A549 cancer cells by carrying E‐cadherin. E‐cadherin on the surface of exosomes may act through a VE‐cadherin dependent mechanism and induce lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Department of Pediatrics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanyu Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Department of Pediatrics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manning Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dayou Dai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Jing
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Department of Andrology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Parris BA, O'Farrell HE, Fong KM, Yang IA. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer: common pathways for pathogenesis. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:S2155-S2172. [PMID: 31737343 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.10.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer comprise the leading causes of lung disease-related mortality worldwide. Exposure to tobacco smoke is a mutual aetiology underlying the two diseases, accounting for almost 90% of cases. There is accumulating evidence supporting the role of immune dysfunction, the lung microbiome, extracellular vesicles and underlying genetic susceptibility in the development of COPD and lung cancer. Further, epigenetic factors, involving DNA methylation and microRNA expression, have been implicated in both diseases. Chronic inflammation is a key feature of COPD and could be a potential driver of lung cancer development. Using next generation technologies, further studies investigating the genomics, epigenetics and gene-environment interaction in key molecular pathways will continue to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of COPD and lung cancer, and contribute to the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic tools for early intervention and personalised therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brielle A Parris
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hannah E O'Farrell
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kwun M Fong
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian A Yang
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Tőkés-Füzesi M, Ruzsics I, Rideg O, Kustán P, Kovács GL, Molnár T. Role of microparticles derived from monocytes, endothelial cells and platelets in the exacerbation of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:3749-3757. [PMID: 30532530 PMCID: PMC6241682 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s175607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microparticles (MPs) are shedding membrane vesicles released from activated blood and endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions. The role of endothelial MPs (EMPs) in pathophysiology of COPD is relatively well known. However, the release and function of MPs of other cellular origins, eg, platelets, red blood cells and leukocytes, are not clearly evaluated in COPD. Purpose The aim of this study was to measure EMPs and other cell-derived circulating MPs in stable and exacerbated COPD patients. Patients and methods A total of 50 patients with COPD and 19 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. EMPs (CD31+, CD62E+) and platelet-derived (CD61+, CD41+, CD42a+, PAC1+), red blood cell-derived (GlyA+) and leukocyte-derived (CD45+, CD13+, CD14+, CD56+) MPs were measured. Flow cytometry (FC) was performed on Beckman Coulter FC500 analyzer. MP reference gate was set using 0.3–0.5–0.9 µm microbeads with MP size gates of 0.5–1.0 µm. Results All the measured MPs were significantly (P<0.001) higher in COPD patients than in the controls. Furthermore, CD62E+, CD41+, CD42a+ and CD14+ MP values were significantly (P<0.001) increased in exacerbated COPD compared to stable COPD. These MPs showed significant (P<0.001) inverse correlation with FEV1/FVC, as well. Conclusion In this study, we describe a reliable flow cytometric assay for MP analysis that was successfully applied in COPD. Besides EMPs, COPD is accompanied by an increased concentration of various MPs in the systemic circulation; particularly, platelet- and monocyte-derived MPs seem to be important in exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Tőkés-Füzesi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Ruzsics
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Rideg
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Kustán
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor L Kovács
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tihamér Molnár
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary,
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16
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Letsiou E, Bauer N. Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles in Pulmonary Function and Disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:197-256. [PMID: 30360780 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pulmonary vascular endothelium is involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases. Endothelial cell (EC)-derived products such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as EC messengers that mediate inflammatory as well as cytoprotective effects. EC-EVs are a broad term, which encompasses exosomes and microvesicles of endothelial origin. EVs are comprised of lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins that reflect not only the cellular origin but also the stimulus that triggered their biogenesis and secretion. This chapter presents an overview of the biology of EC-EVs and summarizes key findings regarding their characteristics, components, and functions. The role of EC-EVs is specifically delineated in pulmonary diseases characterized by endothelial dysfunction, including pulmonary hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome and associated conditions, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Letsiou
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Bauer
- Department of Pharmacology & Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States.
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17
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Salimian J, Mirzaei H, Moridikia A, Harchegani AB, Sahebkar A, Salehi H. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: MicroRNAs and exosomes as new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 23:27. [PMID: 29692824 PMCID: PMC5894277 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_1054_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known as a progressive lung disease and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Despite valuable efforts, there is still no accurate diagnostic and prognostic tool for COPD. Hence, it seems that finding new biomarkers could contribute to provide better therapeutic platforms for COPD patients. Among various biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as new biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of patients with COPD. It has been shown that deregulation of miRNAs targeting a variety of cellular and molecular pathways such as Notch, Wnt, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, transforming growth factor, Kras, and Smad could be involved in COPD pathogenesis. Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that extracellular vesicles such as exosomes could carry a variety of cargos (i.e., mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins) which transfer various cellular and molecular signals to recipient cells. Here, we summarized various miRNAs which could be applied as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the treatment of patients with COPD. Moreover, we highlighted the role of extracellular vesicles containing miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Salimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdullah Moridikia
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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18
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Chen J, Hu C, Pan P. Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA Transfer in Lung Diseases. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1028. [PMID: 29311962 PMCID: PMC5732924 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, small non-coding RNAs that ate involved in the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Recently, miRNAs were demonstrated to be effectively delivered to a target cell or tissue from a host cell via extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EVs can be detected in blood, urine, exhaled breath condensates, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and other fluids. miRNAs are generated by donor cells and then packaged into EVs and delivered with intact functionality. After being delivered to the target cells, they regulate the translation of their target genes and the function of the target cells. Thus, EV transported miRNAs have become a new method for intercellular communication. EV miRNA transfer is well-documented in various pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary hypertension, and acute lung injury (ALI). In this review, we summarize the novel findings of EV miRNA transfer, focusing on the roles of miR-210, miR-200, miR-17, miR-146a, miR-155, and other miRNAs that are transported from primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), BALF, mesenchymal stem cells, and dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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19
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Arora S, Dev K, Agarwal B, Das P, Syed MA. Macrophages: Their role, activation and polarization in pulmonary diseases. Immunobiology 2017; 223:383-396. [PMID: 29146235 PMCID: PMC7114886 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, circulating in the blood or concatenated into different organs and tissues constitute the first barrier against any disease. They are foremost controllers of both innate and acquired immunity, healthy tissue homeostasis, vasculogenesis and congenital metabolism. Two hallmarks of macrophages are diversity and plasticity due to which they acquire a wobbling array of phenotypes. These phenotypes are appropriately synchronized responses to a variety of different stimuli from either the tissue microenvironment or - microbes or their products. Based on the phenotype, macrophages are classified into classically activated/(M1) and alternatively activated/(M2) which are further sub-categorized into M2a, M2b, M2c and M2d based upon gene expression profiles. Macrophage phenotype metamorphosis is the regulating factor in initiation, progression, and termination of numerous inflammatory diseases. Several transcriptional factors and other factors controlling gene expression such as miRNAs contribute to the transformation of macrophages at different points in different diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of macrophage polarization and modulation of their phenotypes to adjust to the micro environmental conditions might provide us a great prospective for designing novel therapeutic strategy. In view of the above, this review summarises the activation of macrophages, the factors intricated in activation along with benefaction of macrophage polarization in response to microbial infections, pulmonary toxicity, lung injury and other inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary dysplasia (COPD), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), asthma and sepsis, along with the existing efforts to develop therapies targeting this facet of macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Arora
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kapil Dev
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Beamon Agarwal
- Department of Hematopathology, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467-2401, United States.
| | - Pragnya Das
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19134, United States.
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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20
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Chakraborty A, Boer JC, Selomulya C, Plebanski M. Amino Acid Functionalized Inorganic Nanoparticles as Cutting-Edge Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:657-671. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Chakraborty
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jennifer C. Boer
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | | | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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21
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Deng F, Wang S, Zhang L. Endothelial microparticles act as novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of circulatory hypoxia-related diseases: a literature review. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1698-1710. [PMID: 28316143 PMCID: PMC5571516 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulatory hypoxia-related diseases (CHRDs), including acute coronary syndromes, stroke and organ transplantation, attract increased attention due to high morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence shows that hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, coagulation, inflammation and angiogenesis play extremely important roles in the physiological and pathological processes of CHRD-related vascular endothelial injury. Interestingly, hypoxia, even hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, coagulation and inflammation can all induce release of endothelial microparticles (EMPs). EMPs, shed from activated or apoptotic endothelial cells (ECs), reflect the degree of EC damage, and elevated EMP levels are found in several CHRDs. Furthermore, EMPs, which play an important role in cell-to-cell communication and function, have confirmed pro-coagulant, proinflammatory, angiogenic and other functions, affecting pathological processes. These findings suggest that EMPs and CHRDs have a very close relationship, and EMPs may help to identify CHRD phenotypes and stratify the severity of disease, to improve risk stratification for developing CHRDs, to better define prophylactic strategies and to ameliorate prognostic characterization of patients with CHRDs. This review summarizes the known and potential roles of EMPs in the diagnosis, staging, treatment and clinical prognosis of CHRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Deng
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
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22
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Takahashi T, Kato A, Berdnikovs S, Stevens WW, Suh LA, Norton JE, Carter RG, Harris KE, Peters AT, Hulse KE, Grammer LC, Welch KC, Shintani-Smith S, Tan BK, Conley DB, Kern RC, Bochner BS, Schleimer RP. Microparticles in nasal lavage fluids in chronic rhinosinusitis: Potential biomarkers for diagnosis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:720-729. [PMID: 28238741 PMCID: PMC5568994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microparticles (MPs) are submicron-sized shed membrane vesicles released from activated or injured cells and are detectable by flow cytometry. MP levels have been used as biomarkers to evaluate cell injury or activation in patients with pathological conditions. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare MP types and levels in nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) from controls and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). METHODS We collected NLFs from patients with CRSsNP (n = 33), CRSwNP (n = 45), and AERD (n = 31) and control (n = 24) subjects. Standardized flow cytometry methods were used to characterize the following MP types: endothelial MPs, epithelial MPs (epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM](+)MPs, E-cadherin(+)MPs), platelet MPs (CD31(+)CD41(+)MPs), eosinophil MPs (EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1[EMR1](+)MPs), mast cell MPs (high-affinity IgE receptor [FcεRI](+)c-kit(+)MPs), and basophil MPs (CD203c(+)c-kit(-)MPs). Basophil activation was evaluated by the mean fluorescence intensity of CD203c on basophil MPs. RESULTS Activated mast cell MPs (CD137(+) FcεRI(+)c-kit(+)MPs) were significantly increased in NLFs of controls compared with NLFs of patients with CRSsNP (2.3-fold; P < .02), CRSwNP (2.3-fold; P < .03), and AERD (7.4-fold; P < .0001). Platelet MPs (3.5-fold; P < .01) and basophil MPs (2.5-fold; P < .05) were increased only in patients with AERD. Mean fluorescence intensity of CD203c on MPs was increased in patients with CRSwNP (P < .002) and AERD (P < .0001), but not in patients with CRSsNP. EpCAM(+)MPs in patients with CRSwNP were no different from control (P = .91) and lower than those in patients with CRSsNP (P < .02) and AERD (P < .002). CONCLUSIONS Based on released MPs, mast cells, platelets, and basophils were more highly activated in patients with AERD than in patients with CRS. Epithelial injury was lower in patients with CRSwNP than in patients with CRSsNP and AERD. MP analysis may help identify phenotypes of CRS, and in distinguishing AERD from CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takahashi
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Whitney W Stevens
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lydia A Suh
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - James E Norton
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Roderick G Carter
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kathleen E Harris
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anju T Peters
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kathryn E Hulse
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Leslie C Grammer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kevin C Welch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - David B Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert C Kern
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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23
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Maroto R, Zhao Y, Jamaluddin M, Popov VL, Wang H, Kalubowilage M, Zhang Y, Luisi J, Sun H, Culbertson CT, Bossmann SH, Motamedi M, Brasier AR. Effects of storage temperature on airway exosome integrity for diagnostic and functional analyses. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1359478. [PMID: 28819550 PMCID: PMC5556670 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1359478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles contain biological molecules specified by cell-type of origin and modified by microenvironmental changes. To conduct reproducible studies on exosome content and function, storage conditions need to have minimal impact on airway exosome integrity. Aim: We compared surface properties and protein content of airway exosomes that had been freshly isolated vs. those that had been treated with cold storage or freezing. Methods: Mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) exosomes purified by differential ultracentrifugation were analysed immediately or stored at +4°C or -80°C. Exosomal structure was assessed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and charge density (zeta potential, ζ). Exosomal protein content, including leaking/dissociating proteins, were identified by label-free LC-MS/MS. Results: Freshly isolated BALF exosomes exhibited a mean diameter of 95 nm and characteristic morphology. Storage had significant impact on BALF exosome size and content. Compared to fresh, exosomes stored at +4°C had a 10% increase in diameter, redistribution to polydisperse aggregates and reduced ζ. Storage at -80°C produced an even greater effect, resulting in a 25% increase in diameter, significantly reducing the ζ, resulting in multilamellar structure formation. In fresh exosomes, we identified 1140 high-confidence proteins enriched in 19 genome ontology biological processes. After storage at room temperature, 848 proteins were identified. In preparations stored at +4°C, 224 proteins appeared in the supernatant fraction compared to the wash fractions from freshly prepared exosomes; these proteins represent exosome leakage or dissociation of loosely bound "peri-exosomal" proteins. In preparations stored at -80°C, 194 proteins appeared in the supernatant fraction, suggesting that distinct protein groups leak from exosomes at different storage temperatures. Conclusions: Storage destabilizes the surface characteristics, morphological features and protein content of BALF exosomes. For preservation of the exosome protein content and representative functional analysis, airway exosomes should be analysed immediately after isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Maroto
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Jamaluddin
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hongwang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Yueqing Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Luisi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Allan R. Brasier
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA
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24
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Abstract
Coronary heart disease is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction in affected patients is linked to long-term atherosclerotic disease progression and cardiovascular event rates. The present paper reports on changes in the levels of endothelial progenitor cells (VEGFR2/CD133/CD34), essential for endothelial repair, and of endothelial microvesicles (CD31/annexin V) as indicators of endothelial lesion, in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery with respect both to baseline levels and to counts in healthy subjects. In an observational descriptive study, 31 patients scheduled for coronary revascularization surgery were compared with those of 25 healthy controls. In a subsequent longitudinal study, patients undergoing surgery were monitored at 5 timepoints up until 48 h after surgery. Endothelial progenitor cell (VEGFR2/CD133/CD34) and endothelial microvesicle (CD31/annexin V) levels were quantified by flow cytometry. Baseline endothelial progenitor cell counts in coronary patients were significantly lower than those of healthy controls (p < 0.001); however, after surgery, levels rose steadily over all 5 timepoints to 48 h with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) between intra-operative and 48 h after surgery (T5). Endothelial microvesicle levels were significantly higher in coronary patients prior to surgery than in healthy controls (p < 0.001), and despite declining at 48 h remained significantly higher than those of controls (p < 0.001). Coronary surgery has had a positive impact on the endothelium in the patients, prompting a decrease in signs of endothelial dysfunction and a considerable improvement in the endothelial repair mechanisms involved in angiogenesis, playing an important role in the inflammatory response and the remodelling process of ischemic myocardium in postoperative period.
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25
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C-reactive protein and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide as biomarkers in acute exacerbations of COPD leading to hospitalizations. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174063. [PMID: 28328968 PMCID: PMC5362097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There are currently no accepted and validated blood tests available for diagnosing acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). In this study, we sought to determine the discriminatory power of blood C-reactive protein (CRP) and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the diagnosis of AECOPD requiring hospitalizations. The study cohort consisted of 468 patients recruited in the COPD Rapid Transition Program who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of AECOPD, and 110 stable COPD patients who served as controls. Logistic regression was used to build a classification model to separate AECOPD from convalescent or stable COPD patients. Performance was assessed using an independent validation set of patients who were not included in the discovery set. Serum CRP and whole blood NT-proBNP concentrations were highest at the time of hospitalization and progressively decreased over time. Of the 3 classification models, the one with both CRP and NT-proBNP had the highest AUC in discriminating AECOPD (cross-validated AUC of 0.80). These data were replicated in a validation cohort with an AUC of 0.88. A combination of CRP and NT-proBNP can reasonably discriminate AECOPD requiring hospitalization versus clinical stability and can be used to rapidly diagnose patients requiring hospitalization for AECOPD.
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26
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Héliot A, Landkocz Y, Roy Saint-Georges F, Gosset P, Billet S, Shirali P, Courcot D, Martin PJ. Smoker extracellular vesicles influence status of human bronchial epithelial cells. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 220:445-454. [PMID: 28063900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a habit that has spread all over the world and is a significant risk factor for many diseases including cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and lung cancer. Evaluation and understanding of tobacco health effects are of major interest worldwide and answer to important societal concerns. Identification of new biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke potentially implicated in COPD or lung carcinogenesis would allow a better observation of tobacco exposed population, thanks to screening establishment at reversible stages of pathological processes. In this study, we questioned whether cigarette smoking alters miRNA profiles of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) present in human Broncho Alveolar Lavages (BALs), which could affect surrounding normal bronchial epithelial cells status. To this aim, BALs were carried out on 10 Smokers and 10 Non-Smokers, and EVs were isolated from the supernatants and characterized. We then compared the amount of 10 microRNAs (miRNAs) present in Smokers versus Non-Smokers BAL EVs and performed statistical analysis to discuss the biological significance by the smoking status and to evaluate BAL EV miRNAs as potential biomarkers of tobacco exposure. Finally, we tested the effects of smokers versus non-smokers EVs on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to compare their influence on the cells status. Our study shows for the first time in human samples that smoking can alter lung EV profile that can influence surrounding bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Héliot
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
| | - Yann Landkocz
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
| | | | - Pierre Gosset
- Anatomo-pathology service, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Sylvain Billet
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
| | - Pirouz Shirali
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
| | - Perrine J Martin
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
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27
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Exosomes and Exosomal miRNA in Respiratory Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5628404. [PMID: 27738390 PMCID: PMC5055958 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5628404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized vesicles released from every cell in the body including those in the respiratory tract and lungs. They are found in most body fluids and contain a number of different biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and both mRNA and noncoding RNAs. Since they can release their contents, particularly miRNAs, to both neighboring and distal cells, they are considered important in cell-cell communication. Recent evidence has shown their possible importance in the pathogenesis of several pulmonary diseases. The differential expression of exosomes and of exosomal miRNAs in disease has driven their promise as biomarkers of disease enabling noninvasive clinical diagnosis in addition to their use as therapeutic tools. In this review, we summarize recent advances in this area as applicable to pulmonary diseases.
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28
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Structural and functional characterization of endothelial microparticles released by cigarette smoke. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31596. [PMID: 27530098 PMCID: PMC4987682 DOI: 10.1038/srep31596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are emerging as biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in individuals exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), but their mechanism of release and function remain unknown. We assessed biochemical and functional characteristics of EMPs and circulating microparticles (cMPs) released by CS. CS exposure was sufficient to increase microparticle levels in plasma of humans and mice, and in supernatants of primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells. CS-released EMPs contained predominantly exosomes that were significantly enriched in let-7d, miR-191; miR-126; and miR125a, microRNAs that reciprocally decreased intracellular in CS-exposed endothelium. CS-released EMPs and cMPs were ceramide-rich and required the ceramide-synthesis enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) for their release, an enzyme which was found to exhibit significantly higher activity in plasma of COPD patients or of CS-exposed mice. The ex vivo or in vivo engulfment of EMPs or cMPs by peripheral blood monocytes-derived macrophages was associated with significant inhibition of efferocytosis. Our results indicate that CS, via aSMase, releases circulating EMPs with distinct microRNA cargo and that EMPs affect the clearance of apoptotic cells by specialized macrophages. These targetable effects may be important in the pathogenesis of diseases linked to endothelial injury and inflammation in smokers.
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29
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Kremis IS, Bukreeva EB, Gereng EA. [Morphometric characteristics of the bronchial tree in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2016; 88:18-23. [PMID: 27030324 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201688318-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To reveal the tissue, cellular, and molecular predictors leading to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in smokers on the basis of a morphometric analysis of bronchial biopsy specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 115 smokers aged 40 to 60 years (58.3±3.24 years) with a male predominance of 90.9%. Morphological examination of bronchial biopsy specimens was first made in the smoking patients with and without COPD. RESULTS The smokers with COPD versus those without this condition were found to have a statistically significant increase in a number of indicators: the specific volume (SV) of the surface epithelium (p=0.017), SV of basal epitheliocytes (p=0.008), the height of the epithelium (p=0.001), and the thickness of the basal membrane (p=0.006) due to impaired regeneration processes in the bronchial epithelium and to fibrosis of the lamina propria of the bronchi with a concurrent increase in the total number of fibroblasts. The group of smokers with COPD, unlike the comparison group, showed signs of vascular remodeling and microcirculatory disorders as the increased connective tissue volumetric density of the lamina propria of the bronchi with predominant perivascular localization. This was followed by reductions in the relative volume of capillaries (p=0.016), in the SV of micropinocytic vesicles (p=0.005), and the size of Weibel-Palade bodies (p=0.004) in the endotheliocytes. In the COPD patients, the total density of cell infiltrate per mm2 of the lamina propria of the bronchi was statistically significantly (p<0.001) greater than that in the comparison group at the expense of neutrophils, lowly and moderately granulated basophils, macrophages, plasma cells with a simultaneous rise in their interepithelial forms. CONCLUSION Compensatory structural changes without signs of bronchial wall remodeling were recorded in the smokers without signs of bronchial disease. The smokers with the examined nosological entity were observed to have morphological signs of hemodynamic disorders, as well as perivascular fibrosis, atrophy, and squamous cell metaplasia of the bronchial epithelial lining.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Kremis
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E B Bukreeva
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E A Gereng
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia
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30
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Lacedonia D, Carpagnano GE, Trotta T, Palladino GP, Panaro MA, Zoppo LD, Foschino Barbaro MP, Porro C. Microparticles in sputum of COPD patients: a potential biomarker of the disease? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:527-33. [PMID: 27042041 PMCID: PMC4798204 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s99547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane vesicles of 0.1–1 µm which are released by cells following chemical, physical, and apoptotic stimuli. MPs represent more than a miniature version of the cell. Their composition and function depend not only on cellular origin, but also on stimuli. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterized by nearly irreversible lung destruction which results in airway limitation. Purpose We investigated the presence and source of MPs in sputum of COPD patients to evaluate if changes in MP number and origin may reflect the pathophysiological conditions of disease and may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic use. Methods Induced sputum samples were collected from 18 male subjects and liquefied with Sputasol. MPs obtained were immunolabeled for leukocyte (CD11a), granulocyte (CD66b), monocyte-macrophage (CD11b), platelets and megakaryocytic cells (CD41), endothelial cells (CD31), and red blood cells (CD235ab) and analyzed by cytofluorimetry. Results There was a negative correlation between CD31-MPs and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (R=−53, P<0.05) and CD66b-MP level was correlated with worse performance index of COPD such as the Body mass index airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise capacity (BODE); they were negatively correlated with 6-minute walking test: 0.65 and −0.64, respectively (P<0.05). CD235ab-MPs showed a negative correlation with body mass index (R=−0.86, P<0.05), while there was a positive correlation with dyspnea index (R=0.91, P<0.05). Conclusion The main finding of this study was that MPs were detected in the sputum of patients affected by COPD. The phenotype of some of them was related to the main COPD parameters. These results suggest that MPs could be implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Teresa Trotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Grazia Pia Palladino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Liugi Davide Zoppo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschino Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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31
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Pyun BY. Extracellular Vesicle: An Unknown Environmental Factor for Causing Airway Disease. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2016; 8:179-80. [PMID: 26922926 PMCID: PMC4773204 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2016.8.3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bok Yang Pyun
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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32
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Sato T, Baskoro H, Rennard SI, Seyama K, Takahashi K. MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Targets in Lung Disease: Prospects and Challenges. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES-JOURNAL OF THE COPD FOUNDATION 2015; 3:382-388. [PMID: 28848860 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.3.1.2015.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate multiple target genes providing fine-tuned coordinated expression. Growing evidence suggests that miRNAs play important roles in lung development and the pathogenesis of lung disease and that they have great potential as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have previously shown that miR-146a is a promising therapeutic target for controlling abnormal inflammatory response in COPD through a series of in vitro experiments in lung fibroblasts. However, further investigations in in vivo experimental models are needed to explore the role of miR-146a in the pathogenesis and therapy of COPD. Recently, miRNAs encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as modulators of intercellular communication. EVs, therefore, may also have therapeutic potential and show promise for use as biomarkers for various lung diseases. In addition to miRNAs, we briefly discuss a specific long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD. The application of miRNA-based therapeutics faces several challenges related to mode of delivery, stability, and tissue specificity. However, recent advances in nanotechnology are expected to prove valuable for the development of miRNA-based therapeutics to treat lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hario Baskoro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen I Rennard
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha.,Clinical Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kuniaki Seyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Liu YQ, Yan LX, Zhang LY, Song QH, Xu RM. Conspicuous effect on treatment of mild-to-moderate COPD by combining deep-breathing exercise with oxygen inhalation. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:9918-9924. [PMID: 26309676 PMCID: PMC4538066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can lead to respiratory failure, but current pharmacological treatments focus on symptom relief or slowing disease progression. Here, the effectiveness of an alternative therapy combining deep-breathing exercises and oxygen inhalation therapy was assessed in mild-to-moderate COPD patients. Forty-two male mild-to-moderate COPD patients were randomly divided into a deep-breathing training group, an oxygen inhalation group, and a combination group (n=14 in each). In the deep-breathing training group, the patients were treated only by the deep-breathing exercise; in the oxygen inhalation group, the patients were treated only by oxygen inhalation; in the combination group, the patients were treated by combining the deep-breathing exercises with oxygen inhalation. Before treatment, there were no statistical differences in the general characteristics or lung function indexes between the three groups of patients (P > 0.05). However, after treatment, patients in the combination group had significantly better lung function indexes than they did before treatment, and their improvement was also superior to that of patients from the deep-breathing training group and the oxygen inhalation group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Thus, a treatment method combining deep-breathing exercise with oxygen inhalation offers more significant lung function improvement in COPD patients than either the deep-breathing exercise or oxygen inhalation alone. This approach should be further explored for use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Liu
- The Center of Physical Health, Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ling-Xian Yan
- The Lab of Human Body Science, Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
| | - Li-Yan Zhang
- The Center of Physical Health, Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
| | - Qing-Hua Song
- The Center of Physical Health, Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
| | - Rong-Mei Xu
- The Lab of Human Body Science, Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
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34
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Upadhyay RK. Emerging risk biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases and disorders. J Lipids 2015; 2015:971453. [PMID: 25949827 PMCID: PMC4407625 DOI: 10.1155/2015/971453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Present review article highlights various cardiovascular risk prediction biomarkers by incorporating both traditional risk factors to be used as diagnostic markers and recent technologically generated diagnostic and therapeutic markers. This paper explains traditional biomarkers such as lipid profile, glucose, and hormone level and physiological biomarkers based on measurement of levels of important biomolecules such as serum ferritin, triglyceride to HDLp (high density lipoproteins) ratio, lipophorin-cholesterol ratio, lipid-lipophorin ratio, LDL cholesterol level, HDLp and apolipoprotein levels, lipophorins and LTPs ratio, sphingolipids, Omega-3 Index, and ST2 level. In addition, immunohistochemical, oxidative stress, inflammatory, anatomical, imaging, genetic, and therapeutic biomarkers have been explained in detail with their investigational specifications. Many of these biomarkers, alone or in combination, can play important role in prediction of risks, its types, and status of morbidity. As emerging risks are found to be affiliated with minor and microlevel factors and its diagnosis at an earlier stage could find CVD, hence, there is an urgent need of new more authentic, appropriate, and reliable diagnostic and therapeutic markers to confirm disease well in time to start the clinical aid to the patients. Present review aims to discuss new emerging biomarkers that could facilitate more authentic and fast diagnosis of CVDs, HF (heart failures), and various lipid abnormalities and disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant Upadhyay
- Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
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